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Objectives: A quarter of West Africa's population are adolescents 10–19 years. Their mental, sexual, and reproductive health is inter-related. We therefore aimed to examine published evidence on effectiveness of interventions for adolescent mental, sexual and reproductive health in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) to inform development, implementation and de-implementation of policies and programs. Study design: The study design was a scoping review. Methods: We considered all qualitative and quantitative research designs that included adolescents 10–19 years in any type of intervention evaluation that included adolescent mental, sexual and reproductive health. Outcomes were as defined by the researchers. PubMed/Medline, APA PsycINFO, CAIRN, and Google Scholar databases were searched for papers published between January 2000 and November 9, 2023.1526 English and French language papers were identified. After eliminating duplicates, screening abstracts and then full texts, 27 papers from studies in ECOWAS were included. Results: Interventions represented three categories: service access, quality, and utilization; knowledge and information access and intersectionality and social determinants of adolescent health. Most studies were small-scale intervention research projects and interventions focused on sexual and reproductive or mental health individually rather than synergistically. The most common evaluation designs were quasi-experimental (13/27) followed by observational studies (8/27); randomized, and cluster randomized controlled trials (5/27), and one realist evaluation. The studies that evaluated policies and programs being implemented at scale used observational designs. Conclusion: Research with robust evaluation designs on synergistic approaches to adolescent mental, sexual and reproductive health policies, interventions, implementation and de-implementation is urgently needed to inform adolescent health policies and programs.

The aim of this article is to gain valuable insights into the performance and effectiveness of intersection design configurations and their impact on traffic flow during peak hour in urban road networks. The study focuses on a case study in the second largest city of the country, and considers three different scenarios: 1) replacing some of the signalized intersection with a roundabout; 2) replacing all signalized intersections with roundabouts; and 3) optimizing the signal plans of existing signalized intersections. The study uses mesoscopic simulation and measures traffic flow efficiency, including delays and queues, to analyze and compare the performance of each scenario. The research methodology involves conducting a comparative analysis of different scenarios, as well as data collection, traffic surveys, and the creation of simulation models using the PTV Vissim software. The results indicate that the most effective solution is to modify signal plans while preserving the traditional signalized intersections. The research also provides insights into the advantages and disadvantages of different intersection designs, which can aid decision-makers in selecting and implementing the most appropriate solution to accommodate evolving traffic demands in urban areas.

Vildagliptin/metformin 50 mg/1000 mg film coated tablets (Sensityn®) is being developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. An open label, crossover, bioequivalence study (phase I) was conducted to assess the bioequivalence between Sensityn® Film Coated Tablets (Test Product/Alpha Pharma Industries, a subsidiary of Cigalah Healthcare LLC, KAEC, Saudi Arabia) and Galvusmet® Film Coated Tablets (Reference product/Novartis Pharma, Switzerland), in healthy adults under fed conditions. Safety and tolerance were evaluated as secondary endpoints.

The unit cell of the title compound, [Fe(C18H15N6O2)2]·2CH3OH·2CHCl3, consists of a charge-neutral complex molecule, two methanol and two chloroform molecules. In the complex, the two tridentate 2-(5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-6-(pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine ligands coordinate to the central FeII ion through the N atoms of the pyrazole, pyridine and triazole groups, forming a pseudo-octahedral coordination sphere. Neighbouring tapered molecules are linked through weak C—H(pz)...π(ph) interactions into one-dimensional chains, which are joined into two-dimensional layers through weak C—H...N/C/O interactions. Furthermore, the layers stack in a three-dimensional network linked by weak interlayer C—H...π interactions of the methoxy and phenyl groups. The intermolecular contacts were quantified using Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional fingerprint plots, revealing the relative contributions of the contacts to the crystal packing to be H...H 32.0%, H...C/C...H 26.3%, H...N/N...H 13.8%, and H...O/O...H 7.5%. The average Fe—N bond distance is 2.185 Å, indicating the high-spin state of the FeII ion. Energy framework analysis at the HF/3–21 G theory level was performed to quantify the interaction energies in the crystal structure.

Abstract Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an established treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) and shows promise for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), yet effectiveness varies. Electroencephalography (EEG) can identify rTMS-associated brain changes. EEG oscillations are often examined using averaging approaches that mask finer time-scale dynamics. Recent advances show some brain oscillations emerge as transient increases in power, a phenomenon termed “Spectral Events,” and that event characteristics correspond with cognitive functions. We applied Spectral Event analyses to identify potential EEG biomarkers of effective rTMS treatment. Resting 8-electrode EEG was collected from 23 patients with MDD and PTSD before and after 5 Hz rTMS targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Using an open-source toolbox ( https://github.com/jonescompneurolab/SpectralEvents ), we quantified event features and tested for treatment associated changes. Spectral Events in delta/theta (1–6 Hz), alpha (7–14 Hz), and beta (15–29 Hz) bands occurred in all patients. rTMS-induced improvement in comorbid MDD PTSD were associated with pre- to post-treatment changes in fronto-central electrode beta event features, including frontal beta event frequency spans and durations, and central beta event maxima power. Furthermore, frontal pre-treatment beta event duration correlated negatively with MDD symptom improvement. Beta events may provide new biomarkers of clinical response and advance the understanding of rTMS.

Computer vision remains challenged by tracking multiple objects in motion frames, despite efforts to improve surveillance, healthcare, and human-machine interaction. This paper presents a method for monitoring several moving objects in non-stationary settings for autonomous navigation. Additionally, at each phase, movement information between successive frames, including the new frame and the previous frame, is employed to determine the location of moving objects inside the camera's field of view, and the background in the new frame is determined. With the help of a matching algorithm, the Kanade–Lucas–Tomasi (KLT) feature tracker for each frame is determined. To get the new frame, we access the matching feature points between two subsequent frames, calculate the movement size of the feature points and the camera movement, and subtract the previous frame of moving objects from the current frame. Every moving object within the camera's field of view is captured at every moment and location. The moving items are categorized and segregated using fuzzy logic based on their mass center and length-to-width ratio. Our algorithm was implemented to investigate autonomous navigation surveillance of three types of moving objects, such as a vehicle, a pedestrian, a bicycle, or a motorcycle. The results indicate high accuracy and an acceptable time requirement for monitoring moving objects. It has a tracking and classification accuracy of around 75 % and processes 43 frames per second, making it superior to existing approaches in terms of speed and accuracy.

The caesium salt of dimethyl-N-benzoylamidophosphate, namely, aqua[dimethyl (N-benzoylamido-κO)phosphonato-κO]caesium, [Cs(C9H11NO4P)(H2O)] or CsL·H2O, is reported. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system in the P21/c space group and forms a mono-periodic polymeric structure due to the bridging function of the dimethyl-N-benzoylamidophosphate anions towards the caesium cations.

As a result of the high symmetry of the Aea2 structure, the asymmetric unit of the title compound, [FeII(C18H15N6)2]·2MeOH, consists of half of a charge-neutral complex molecule and a discrete methanol molecule. The planar anionic tridentate ligand 2-[5-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ato]-6-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine coordinates the FeII ion meridionally through the N atoms of the pyrazole, pyridine and triazole groups, forming a pseudo-octahedral coordination sphere of the central ion. The average Fe—N bond distance is 1.955 Å, indicating a low-spin state of the FeII ion. Neighbouring cone-shaped molecules, nested into each other, are linked through double weak C—H(pz)...π(ph') interactions into mono-periodic columns, which are further linked through weak C—H...N′/C′ interactions into di-periodic layers. No interactions shorter than the sum of the van der Waals radii of the neighbouring layers are observed. Energy framework analysis at the B3LYP/6–31 G(d,p) theory level, performed to quantify the intermolecular interaction energies, reproduces the weak interlayer interactions in contrast to the strong interaction within the layers. Intermolecular contacts were quantified using Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional fingerprint plots, showing the relative contributions of the contacts to the crystal packing to be H...H 48.5%, H...C/C...H 28.9%, H...N/N...H 16.2% and C...C 2.4%.

The unit cell of the title compound, [FeII(C17H12BrN6O)2]·2MeOH, consists of a charge-neutral complex molecule and two independent molecules of methanol. In the complex molecule, the two tridentate ligand molecules 2-[5-(3-bromo-4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]-6-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine coordinate to the FeII ion through the N atoms of the pyrazole, pyridine and triazole groups, forming a pseudo-octahedral coordination sphere around the central ion. In the crystal, neighbouring asymmetric molecules are linked through weak C—H(pz)...π(ph) interactions into chains, which are then linked into layers by weak C–H...N/C interactions. Finally, the layers stack into a three-dimensional network linked by weak interlayer C—H...π interactions between the methoxy groups and the phenyl rings. The intermolecular contacts were quantified using Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional fingerprint plots, revealing the relative contributions of the contacts to the crystal packing to be H...H 34.2%, H...C/C...H 25.2%, H...Br/Br...H 13.2%, H...N/N...H 12.2% and H...O/O...H 4.0%. The average Fe—N bond distance is 1.949 Å, indicating the low-spin state of the FeII ion. Energy framework analysis at the HF/3–21 G theory level was performed to quantify the interaction energies in the crystal structure.

The authors have conducted an investigation into the cooling of five distinct types of structured surfaces by means of a dispersed flow of distilled water. The modification of the heat transfer surface of the copper working section was conducted using a variety of methods, including mechanical processing and electron beam treatment at different parameters. Macrophotographs of the structured surface were obtained and their profiles were subsequently measured using a profilometer. Two series of experiments were conducted for each surface, with different coolant parameters. The excess pressure of the coolant at the nozzle inlet was in the range of 1.5 to 3.5 × 10⁵ Pa, the mass flow rate of the coolant (distilled water) was in the range of 4.0 to 6.1 × 10−3 kg/s, and the irrigation density varied within the range of 4.2 to 6.2 kg/(m2·s). The relationships between heat flux and heat transfer coefficient were compared for both modified and unmodified surfaces. The calculated thermophysical quantities were also represented graphically.

The arts have been a presence in prisons for over a century; these programs have varied aims, from educational and skill development to social-emotional learning to reentry preparation. Despite the popularity of arts programs across the prison landscape, relatively few researchers have empirically studied the outcomes of participating in arts programs for incarcerated participants. This scoping review systematically reviews 25 studies, mostly from the United States, which report the various outcomes associated with prison arts programs. The outcome areas reported on, from most to least prevalent in this review, include social-emotional outcomes, educational and vocational outcomes, disciplinary outcomes, and community and policy outcomes. Based on the research included in this scoping review, there is relatively strong support that participating in prison arts programs is linked to a constellation of social-emotional outcomes. While several studies used posttest-only designs or had small sample sizes, studies that used validated scales to measure social-emotional outcomes found statistically significant improvements in self-confidence, self-esteem, task completion, social competence, emotional stability and control and wellbeing, and decreased hopelessness and anger. There is sparser, yet still promising, evidence that participating in prison arts programming is linked to educational, vocational, disciplinary, community, and policy outcomes. Further empirical research in all outcomes areas is needed to better understand how incarcerated individuals, their families and communities, and prisons at large can most benefit from arts programming. Future research will benefit from intentional partnerships between researchers, incarcerated individuals, arts practitioners, and prison administrators in identifying desired outcomes and charting spheres of impact.

The unit cell of the title compound, [FeII(NCS)2(C29H32N8O2)], consists of eight charge-neutral complex molecules. In the complex molecule, the tetradentate ligand N1,N3-bis{[1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]methylene}-2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine coordinates to the FeII ion through the N atoms of the 1,2,3-triazole and aldimine groups. Two thiocyanate anions, coordinated through their N atoms, complete the coordination sphere of the central Fe ion. In the crystal, neighbouring molecules are linked through weak C...C, C...N and C...S interactions into a one-dimensional chain running parallel to [010]. The intermolecular contacts were quantified using Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional fingerprint plots, revealing the relative contributions of the contacts to the crystal packing to be H...H (37.5%), H...C/C...H (24.7%), H...S/S...H (15.7%) and H...N/N...H (11.7%). The average Fe—N bond distance is 2.167 Å, indicating the high-spin state of the FeII ion, which does not change upon cooling, as demonstrated by low-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements.

Pain after open urological procedures is often intense. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of intrathecal morphine with systemic analgesia approaches. Prospective, randomized, single-blind controlled study. Patients undergoing open prostatectomy or nephrectomy were randomly divided into the intervention group or the control group. Patients in the intervention group received morphine 250 mcg in 2.5 mL saline intrathecally. Anesthesia was identical in both groups. All patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) postoperative and received paracetamol 1 g intravenously every 6 hours and diclofenac 75 mg intramuscularly every 12 hours. If postoperative pain exceeded four on the numeric rating scale, morphine 10 mg was administered subcutaneously. Pain intensity, time to first dose of morphine, morphine doses, and side effects were recorded. In total, 41 patients were assigned to the intervention group and 57 to the control group. The time to administration of the first dose of morphine was significantly (P <.001) longer in the intervention group when compared to controls. This observation was also noted individually for patients undergoing nephrectomy (36.86 hours vs 4.06 hours) and prostatectomy (33.13 hours vs 4.5 hours). Many patients did not need opioids after surgery in the intervention group (nephrectomy 72% vs 3%, prostatectomy 75% vs 4.5%, P <.001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of side effects. The results of our study confirmed that preoperative intrathecal morphine provides long-lasting analgesia and reduces the need for postoperative systemic administration of opioids. Adverse effects are minor and comparable between groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unit cell of the title compound, [Zn(C17H18N3O4)2]·CH4O·C2H6O, contains two complex molecules related by an inversion centre, plus one methanol and one ethanol solvent molecule per complex molecule. In each complex, two deprotonated pyridine aroylhydrazone ligands {3,4,5-trimethoxy-N′-[1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene]benzohydrazide} coordinate to the ZnII ion through the N atoms of the pyridine group and the ketamine, and, additionally, through the O atom of the enolate group. In the crystal, dimers are formed by π–π interactions between the planar ligand moieties, which are further connected by C...O and C...C interactions. The intermolecular interactions were investigated using Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional fingerprint plots, revealing that the most important contributions for the crystal packing are from H...H (44.8%), H...C/C...H (22.2%), H...O/O...H (18.7%) and C...C (3.9%) interactions.

This article deals with the adjustment of a 3D printer for laser engraving and material cutting. The print head can be fitted with a solid laser diode module, which achieves a compact size while retaining its useful power. Two paths lead to the use of such a concept. It is possible to equip the existing print head with a module, which also brings a number of disadvantages such as, for example, the reduction of the printing space or the need for a suitable mounting design. A more elegant solution is to consider this in the design of a 3D printer and design a system to exchange the print heads for 3D printing and laser engraving. Such a solution allows full utilization of the workspace and simple installation of the effector for the required type of work. According to the installed power of the laser diode, it is possible not only to engrave but also cut material such as thin wood, veneer or acrylic glass. The use of such a machine is not only for graphic elements but for the creation of various stencils, boxes or simple models, which can be made up of plastic-burning pieces. The laser module is controlled by a driver, which is designed for the device. This is connected to a 3D printer control board. It is, therefore, necessary for the control board to have at least two pins, which can be controlled after adjusting the control firmware. Most laser modules are normally equipped with an adjustable lens, which is used to concentrate the focus of a laser for the given distance against the worktop. Thus, the modified 3D printer can perform its function as a multi-purpose CNC machine, while a basic platform similar for both devices is used.

The Vienna Basin is situated at the contact of the Bohemian Massif, Western Carpathians, and Eastern Alps. Deep borehole data and an existing magnetotelluric profile were used in density modelling of the pre-Neogene basement in the Slovak part of the Vienna Basin. Density modelling was carried out along a profile oriented in a NW–SE direction, across the expected contacts of the main geological structures. From bottom to top, four structural floors have been defined. Bohemian Massif crystalline basement with the autochthonous Mesozoic sedimentary cover sequence. The accretionary sedimentary wedge of the Flysch Belt above the Bohemian Massif rocks sequences. The Mesozoic sediments considered to be part of the Carpathian Klippen Belt together with Mesozoic cover nappes of Alpine and Carpathian provenance are thrust over the Flysch Belt creating the third structural floor. The Neogene sediments form the highest structural floor overlying tectonic contacts of the Flysch sediments and Klippen Belt as well as the Klippen Belt and the Alpine/Carpathians nappe structures.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Fe(C13H18BN6)2], contains two half independent complex molecules. In each complex, the FeII atom is located on an inversion center and is surrounded by two scorpionate ligand butyltris(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)borate molecules that coordinate to the iron(II) ion through the N atoms of the pyrazole groups. The two independent complex molecules differ essentially in the conformation of the butyl substituents. In the crystal, the complex molecules are linked by a series of C—H...π interactions, which generate a supramolecular three-dimensional structure. At 120 K, the average Fe—N bond distance is 1.969 Å, indicating the low-spin state of the iron(II) atom, which does not change upon heating, as demonstrated by high-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements.

In the complex cation of the title compound, [Fe(C27H41N10O3)](PF6)2, the tripodal tris{4-[1-(2-methoxyethyl)imidazol-2-yl]-3-azabut-3-enyl}amine ligand is coordinated to an FeII ion through the nitrogen atoms of three imidazole and three imino groups. The Fe atom exhibits a distorted octahedral geometry. In the crystal, l and d antipodes are arranged in layers in the bc plane. Weak C...F and C—H...F/O contacts exist between the ligands of the complex cation and the PF6− anions, generating a three-dimensional network. At 120 K, the FeII ion is in a low-spin state, with an average Fe—N bond distance of 1.970 (2) Å. On heating, the FeII ion converts to the high-spin state, as demonstrated by magnetic susceptibility measurements.

Mock-ups of the ITER divertor plate are tested with the combination of steady-state plasma and e-beam loads: (1) thermocyclic tests with powerful electron beam load of up to 49 MW/m2 in the e-beam facility; and then (2) subsequent testing in the PLM plasma device with steady-state plasma loads of 0.5–1 MW/m2 and more. Such tests simulate the variable load on divertor plates in the ITER. Tungsten samples are irradiated with helium plasma in experiments on the PLM plasma device with discharge duration of up to 200 min. The tests of ITER-grade tungsten VM-P with the combination of steady-state plasma and thermocyclic e-beam loads led to erosion, cracking, and nanostructured “fuzz” structure growth on the material surface. Post-mortem scanning electron microscopy revealed a stochastic nanostructured surface with dimension of structural elements less than 100 nm. The growth of a nanostructured surface with a “fuzz”-type structure and high porosity is observed. The results of such tests are of interest to estimate the erosion of tungsten in fusion reactors, including ITER, fusion neutron source FNS and DEMO.

Resumo Objetivo descrever os sinais e sintomas mais frequentes na infecção pelo vírus da síndrome respiratória aguda grave coronavírus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Métodos revisão narrativa da literatura realizada em abril de 2020; a busca foi realizada em bases eletrônicas e complementada com revisão manual das referências dos trabalhos selecionados e das publicações do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Resultados o espectro da doença clínica mostrou-se variado; febre, tosse e dispneia foram os sinais/sintomas mais frequentes, no entanto, podem não estar presentes, dificultando a definição de caso; sintomas gastrointestinais e alteração de olfato ou paladar têm sido relatados entre casos leves; a dispneia foi frequente entre casos graves e com evolução ao óbito. Conclusão considerando-se a escassez de testes diagnósticos e a diversidade de sintomas, os serviços de saúde devem utilizar uma definição de caso sensível, de forma a serem adotadas ações adequadas de vigilância, prevenção e tratamento.

Anthropometric indicators, including stunting, underweight, and wasting, have previously been associated with poor neurocognitive outcomes. This link may exist because malnutrition and infection, which are known to affect height and weight, also impact brain structure according to animal models. However, a relationship between anthropometric indicators and brain structural measures has not been tested yet, perhaps because stunting, underweight, and wasting are uncommon in higher-resource settings. Further, with diminished anthropometric growth prevalent in low-resource settings, where biological and psychosocial hazards are most severe, one might expect additional links between measures of poverty, anthropometry, and brain structure. To begin to examine these relationships, we conducted an MRI study in 2-3-month-old infants growing up in the extremely impoverished urban setting of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The sample size was relatively small because the challenges of investigating infant brain structure in a low-resource setting needed to be realized and resolved before introducing a larger cohort. Initially, fifty-four infants underwent T1 sequences using 3T MRI, and resulting structural images were segmented into gray and white matter maps, which were carefully evaluated for accurate tissue labeling by a pediatric neuroradiologist. Gray and white matter volumes from 29 infants (79 ​± ​10 days-of-age; F/M ​= ​12/17), whose segmentations were of relatively high quality, were submitted to semi-partial correlation analyses with stunting, underweight, and wasting, which were measured using height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and weight-for-height (WHZ) scores. Positive semi-partial correlations (after adjusting for chronological age and sex and correcting for multiple comparisons) were observed between white matter volume and HAZ and WAZ; however, WHZ was not correlated with any measure of brain volume. No associations were observed between income-to-needs or maternal education and brain volumetric measures, suggesting that measures of poverty were not associated with total brain tissue volume in this sample. Overall, these results provide the first link between diminished anthropometric growth and white matter volume in infancy. Challenges of conducting a developmental neuroimaging study in a low-resource country are also described.

The Blatné Depression located in the NW part of the Danube Basin represents the northernmost sub-basins of the Pannonian Basin System. Its subsidence is associated with oblique collision of the Central Western Carpathians with the European platform, followed by the back-arc basin rifting stage in the Pannonian domain. The conglomerates recognized in the Cífer-2 well document the latest Burdigalian–early Langhian deposition in fan delta lobes situated above the footwall and hanging wall of a WSW–ENE trending fault system, the activity of which preceded the opening of the late Langhian–Serravallian accommodation space with a NE–SW direction. The provenance area of the “Cífer conglomerate” was linked to the Tatric Super-unit complexes. Similar rocks crop out in the southern part of the Malé Karpaty Mts. and are also present in the pre-Cenozoic basement of the Danube Basin. Documented extensive erosion of the crystalline basement and its sedimentary cover lasted until the early/middle Miocene boundary. The “Cífer conglomerate” has distinct clast composition. The basal part consists of poorly sorted conglomerate with sub-angular clasts of metamorphic rocks. Toward the overlying strata, the clasts consist of poorly sorted conglomerates with sub-rounded to well-rounded carbonates and granitoids. The uppermost part consists of poorly sorted conglomerates with sub-rounded to rounded clasts of carbonate, granitoid and metamorphic rock. Within the studied samples a transition from clast to matrix supported conglomerates was observed.

New mononuclear six-coordinate lanthanide coordination compounds [Ln (HL)3Cl3] (HL = (2,2,2-trichloro-N-(dipiperidin-1-yl-phosphoryl)acetamideCCl3C(O)N(H)P(O)[N(CH2)5]2, carbacylamidophosphate (CAPh) type ligand) have been synthesized from non-aqueous solutions. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic methods (FTIR, 1H- and 31P-NMR, UV-Vis). The structure of [Sm(HL)3Cl3] has been further confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.

The lanthanides coordination compounds LnL3, LnL3Phen and LnL3Dipy with bulky aryl-functionalised carbacylamidophosphate (CAPh) ligand N-(diphenylphosphoryl)benzamide (HL=PhC(O)N(H)P(O)Ph2) were synthesized for luminescent thin films producing. The films were obtained by vacuum evaporation and spin coating methods and exhibited intensive monochromatic photoemission with decay times equal to 0.78 1.34 ms.