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1. Some aspects of soil formation on biogenic silicious rocks in Trans-Urals

Author

A. O. Konstantinov, P. V. Smirnov, D. A. Gavrilov, S. V. Loiko, and A. A. Novoselov

Subjects
the sverdlovsk region, diatomites, sod-podzolic soils, biocrystalline deposits, Agriculture (General), S1-972
Abstract

Diatomites of the Paleocene-Eocene age are widespread in the Trans-Urals and act as soil-forming rocks in river valleys. At the same time the direction and nature of the processes of soil formation on such deposits are practically not studied. The paper presents the results of studying soil formation on diatomites for the territory of the Middle Trans-Ural region within the Sverdlovsk region. The main methods used for studying the soil formation process on diatomites were the soil-morphological and micromorphological ones. The studied soils, formed under pine forests on the indigenous banks of the river, can be classified as sod-podzolic (Albic Luvisols). They are characterized by the presence of-the strong bleached eluvial strata, with a characteristic structure and visually diagnosed traces of dissolution of the original rock. When studying in thin sections and using a scanning electron microscope, it is found that the processes of soil formation occur synchronously with the dissolution and destruction of silicon microfossils. The preliminary results obtained indicate that soils on diatomites and other rocks enriched with biogenic silica are unique natural objects, and their study can be useful for understanding the role of the lithogenic base in the formation of the silicon cycle and the contribution of biogenic silicon to soil formation.

Published
2019
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2. 'Diatomik' - new thermal insulating material for road construction in the conditions of cryolithic zonE

Author

E. A. Korotkov, A. O. Konstantinov, A. A. Melnikova, and K. S. Ivanov

Subjects
диатомит, пеностекло, теплоизоляционный материал, Transportation engineering, TA1001-1280
Abstract

There are considered prospects of using new material "DIATOMIK" in road construction in the conditions of Far North. The offered material is compared to foreign analogs. By means of modern software there is made a thermal interaction’s prospect of frozen soil and a road construction with a thermal insulating layer of material in the basis.

Published
2017

3. Disorders of lipid metabolism. Clinical Guidelines 2023

Author

M. V. Ezhov, V. V. Kukharchuk, I. V. Sergienko, A. S. Alieva, M. B. Antsiferov, A. A. Ansheles, G. G. Arabidze, D. M. Aronov, G. P. Arutyunov, N. M. Akhmedzhanov, T. V. Balakhonova, O. L. Barbarash, S. A. Boytsov, M. G. Bubnova, M. I. Voevoda, G. R. Galstyan, A. S. Galyavich, N. B. Gornyakova, V. S. Gurevich, I. I. Dedov, O. M. Drapkina, D. V. Duplyakov, S. Ya. Eregin, A. I. Ershova, O. B. Irtyuga, R. S. Karpov, Yu. A. Karpov, M. A. Kachkovsky, Zh. D. Kobalava, N. A. Koziolova, G. A. Konovalov, V. O. Konstantinov, E. D. Kosmacheva, Yu. V. Kotovskaya, A. I. Martynov, A. N. Meshkov, D. V. Nebieridze, S. V. Nedogoda, A. G. Obrezan, V. E. Oleinikov, S. N. Pokrovsky, Yu. I. Ragino, O. P. Rotar, V. V. Skibitsky, O. G. Smolenskaya, A. A. Sokolov, A. B. Sumarokov, E. Filippov, Yu. Sh. Halimov, I. E. Chazova, I. I. Shaposhnik, M. V. Shestakova, S. S. Yakushin, and E. V. Shlyakhto

Subjects
dyslipidemia, lipid metabolism disorders, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, atherosclerosis, atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

The Russian Society of Cardiology (RKO)With the participation of: The National Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis (NOA), the Russian Association of Endocrinologists (RAE), the Russian Society of Cardiosomatic Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention (RosOKR), the Russian Scientific Medical Society of Therapists (RNMOT), the Eurasian Association of Cardiologists, the Eurasian Association of Therapists (EAT), the Russian Association of Gerontologists and Geriatricians

Published
2023
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4. EURASIAN ASSOCIATION OF CARDIOLOGY (EAC)/ RUSSIAN NATIONAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS SOCIETY (RNAS, RUSSIA) GUIDELINES FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND CORRECTION OF DYSLIPIDEMIA FOR THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS (2020)

Author

V. V. Kukharchuk, M. V. Ezhov, I. V. Sergienko, G. G. Arabidze, T. V. Balakhonova, V. S. Gurevich, P. A. Zelveyan, T. M. Murataliev, G. Sh. Myrzakhmetova, O. A. Sudzhaeva, A. B. Shek, V. A. Azizov, N. B. Gornyakova, M. A. Kachkovsky, P. P. Malyshev, S. N. Pokrovsky, A. A. Sokolov, A. B. Sumarokov, A. G. Obrezan, I. I. Shaposhnik, M. B. Antsiferov, A. A. Ansheles, D. M. Aronov, N. M. Akhmedzhanov, O. L. Barbarash, S. A. Boytsov, M. G. Bubnova, M. I. Voevoda, G. R. Galstyan, A. S. Galyavich, O. M. Drapkina, D. V. Duplyakov, S. Ya. Eregin, R. S. Karpov, Yu. A. Karpov, N. A. Koziolova, G. A. Konovalov, V. O. Konstantinov, E. D. Kosmacheva, S. V. Nedogoda, V. E. Olejnikov, Yu. I. Ragino, V. V. Skibickij, O. G. Smolenskaya, Yu. Sh. Halimov, I. E. Chazova, A. E. Filippov, M. V. Shestakova, and S. S. Yakushin

Subjects
dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, cholesterol, triglycerides, lipidlowering therapy, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Disclaimer РThe EAC/RNAS Guidelines represent the views of the EAC and RNAS, and were produced after careful consideration of the scientific and medical knowledge, and the evidence available at the time of their publication. The EAC and RNAS is not responsible in the event of any contradiction, discrepancy, and/or ambiguity between the EAC/RNAS Guidelines and any other official recommendations or guidelines issued by the relevant public health authorities, in particular in relation to good use of healthcare or therapeutic strategies. Health professionals are encouraged to take the EAC/RNAS Guidelines fully into account when exercising their clinical judgment, as well as in the determination and the implementation of preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic medical strategies; however, the EAC/RNAS Guidelines do not override, in any way whatsoever, the individual responsibility of health professionals to make appropriate and accurate decisions in consideration of each patient’s health condition and in consultation with that patient and, where appropriate and/or necessary, the patient’s caregiver. Nor do the EAC/RNAS Guidelines exempt health professionals from taking into full and careful consideration the relevant official updated recommendations or guidelines issued by the competent public health authorities, in order to manage each patient’s case in light of the scientifically accepted data pursuant to their respective ethical and professional obligations. It is also the health professional’s responsibility to verify the applicable rules and regulations relating to drugs and medical devices at the time of prescription.Members of the Working Group confirmed the lack of financial support / conflict of interest. In the event of a conflict of interest being reported, the member (s) of the Working Group was (were) excluded from the discussion of sections related to the area of conflict of interest.

Published
2020
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6. CLINICAL GUIDELINES FOR FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA

Author

M. V. Ezhov, S. S. Bazhan, A. I. Ershova, A. N. Meshkov, A. A. Sokolov, V. V. Kukharchuk, V. S. Gurevich, M. I. Voevoda, I. V. Sergienko, E. V. Shakhtshneider, S. N. Pokrovsky, G. A. Konovalov, I. V. Leontyeva, V. O. Konstantinov, M. Yu. Shcherbakova, I. N. Zakharova, T. V. Balakhonova, A. E. Filippov, N. M. Akhmedzhanov, O. Yu. Aleksandrova, and B. M. Lipovetsky

Subjects
familial hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, xanthomas, Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, RC633-647.5, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

These guidelines represent all current aspects of etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the clinical and statistical group of familial hypercholesterolemia in both adults and children in accordance with the requirements of the Ministry of Health of Russia.

Published
2019

7. CARBONATE CRUSTS ON FACADES OF BUILDINGS OF TYUMEN: OCCURENCE AND DIVERSITY

Author

Andrey A. Novoselov and Alexander O. Konstantinov

Subjects
carbonate crusts, carbonate neoformations, technogenic speleothems, mineral neoformation, authigenic mineral formation, Engineering geology. Rock mechanics. Soil mechanics. Underground construction, TA703-712
Abstract

Relevance. Carbonate crusts, outgrowths and efflorescences, formed on the facades of various buildings and structures due to components leaching from building materials, such as cement, concrete, limestone, are the most common type of technogenic mineral formation in urban environment. Unlike the unstable stalactites and stalagmites, which are formed only under certain conditions, and the period of existence, as a rule, is limited, such formations are widespread. Development of carbonate crusts, outgrowths and efflorescences on the facades of buildings not only indicates destruction of the bonding components of building structures, but also has a negative impact on aesthetic appeal of urban architecture. Rigid calcite formations fill microcracks and surface irregularities of facing materials, such as granite, which leads to intensification of destruction of natural materials and requires expensive cleaning of facades. Despite the obvious urgency of the problem, there are not many studies devoted to carbonate neoplasms on various buildings and structures. The main aim of the research is to investigate the peculiarities of mineral composition, structure and possible mechanisms for formation of carbonate cores and filaments generated on the facades of buildings and structures of the city of Tyumen under various conditions, and to identify the factors contributing to this phenomenon. The methods: identification and systematization of objects of urban architecture subject to formation of carbonate, crusts, outgrowths and efflorescence; study of structural features of the most representative samples of carbonate neoplasms in transparent sections, using scanning electron microscope; determination of gross mineral composition of tumors (X-ray analysis). The results. The carried out research shown that carbonate cortices and sinters essentially differ in features of structure, mineral structure and probable mechanisms of formation depending on a concrete site. The crusts developing on vertical and horizontal surfaces are clearly divided: the first are flat, thin enough and have a layered structure, the latter are dense and are characterized by a globular structure. Development of carbonate formations probably occurs with significant participation of living organisms. Biogenic and chemogenic processes of calcite precipitation occur synchronically. There are no relationships between the age or location of the studied objects and the intensity of these processes; that is why the constructional particular qualities of buildings and construction materials are the most significant factors.

Published
2019
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8. Cardiovascular effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: position of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in Russian and international guidelines. Council of Experts

Author

Yu. V. Mareev, M. V. Ezhov, S. V. Villevalde, A. S. Alieva, A. G. Obrezan, A. V. Tarasov, A. V. Panov, V. O. Konstantinov, I. V. Sergienko, A. G. Arutiunov, M. M. Batiushin, V. S. Gurevich, E. I. Tarlovskaya, N. A. Koziolova, O. A. Gromova, Ya. A. Orlova, G. P. Arutyunov, and V. Yu. Mareev

Subjects
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract

This Expert Council focuses on the meta-analysis of studies on the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients taking omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and of data on the omega-3 PUFA treatment in patients with cardiovascular and kidney diseases.The major statements of the Expert Council: the meta-analysis of AF risk in patients taking omega-3 PUFA showed an increased risk of this arrhythmia. However, it should be taken into account that the risk of complications was low, and there was no significant increase in the risk of AF when omega-3 PUFA was used at a dose of ≤1 g and a standard dose of the only omega-3 PUFA drug registered in the Russian Federation, considering all AF episodes in the ASCEND study.At the present time, according to Russian and international clinical guidelines, the use of omega-3 PUFA can be considered in the following cases: • for patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction as a supplement to the basic therapy (2B class of recommendations according to the 2020 Russian Society of Cardiology guidelines (RSC) and the 2022 AHA / ACC / HFSA guidelines); • for patients with hypertriglyceridemia (>1.5 mmol/l) as a part of combination therapy (IIb class of recommendations and B level of evidence according to the 2021 European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention, etc.); • for adult patients with stage 3-4 chronic kidney disease (CKD), long-chain omega-3 PUFA 2 g/day is recommended for reducing the level of triglycerides (2C class of recommendations). Data on the use of omega-3 PUFA for other indications are heterogenous, which can be partially explained by using different form and doses of the drugs.

Published
2023
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10. EFFECT OF COBALT FERRITE MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES IN HYDROPHILIC COATING ON THE CONDUCTIVITY OF BILAYER LIPID MEMBRANES

Author

A. Anosov, O. Koplak, P. Astanina, V. Sukhova, A. Mikhnich, V. Mikheev, E. Korepanova, O. Konstantinov, B. Kozhemova, and E. Borisova

Abstract

Magnetic nanoparticles are widely used in medical applications, for example, as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, to enhance hyperthermia, for targeted drug delivery, theranostics (therapy + diagnostics). When used in vivo, magnetic nanoparticles require a special coating that promotes biocompatibility and minimizes potential toxicity under physiological conditions. Human serum albumin or polyethylene glycol can be used as a coating. In this work, the interactions of magnetic cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (12 and 27 nm size) with diphitanoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer lipid membranes were investigated. The conductivity of membranes varied over a wide range – two groups of membranes can be distinguished – membranes, the conductivity of which (after the addition of nanoparticles) remained practically unchanged compared to the control, and membranes, the conductivity of which, upon the addition of nanoparticles, changed abruptly and increased in a wide range by 0.5–2 orders of magnitude. Significant differences between the conductivities upon the addition of the same volume of 12 and 27 nm nanoparticles surrounded by human serum albumin were not found. When adding nanoparticles with a coating of polyethylene glycol, the conductivity increased much weaker than when adding nanoparticles with a coating of human serum albumin. The results suggest that hydrophilic coated magnetic nanoparticles interact with the membranes, which can lead to the appearance of metastable conducting pores, which, in turn, increase the integral conductivity of the membranes.

Published
2022
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11. Biogenic siliceous accumulation in Early Paleogene marine basins of Western Siberia: Factors and stages

Author

Pavel V. Smirnov and Alexandr O. Konstantinov

Subjects
западная сибирь, зауралье, палеогеографическая обстановка, биогенное кремненакопление, биокремнистые отложения, диатомиты, опоки, апвеллинг, палеоцен, эоцен, талицкая свита, серовская свита, ирбитская свита, western siberia, the trans-urals, paleogeographic environment, biogenic siliceous accumulation, biogenic-siliceous sediments, diatomite, opoka, upwelling, paleocene, eocene, Engineering geology. Rock mechanics. Soil mechanics. Underground construction, TA703-712
Abstract

Factors and stages of biogenic siliceous accumulation rocks in the Transuralian region and Western Siberiain during Early Cenozoic. Analysis, systematization, generalization of lithological and paleontological data on the basis of geological survey and exploration field works for opal cristobalite raw materials. The main paleogeographic factors of the distribution of siliceous deposits of the Serov and Irbit formations are determined, as well as the main stages of biogenic siliceous accumulation within the Transuralian and Western Siberia regions. Based on the analysis and systematization of the new data, and updated paleogeographic schemes of previous researchers the dynamics of the basin have been reconstructed and the factors that controlled the evolution of the new identified facies zones were established. Biogenic siliceous accumulation in Western Siberia took place in four stages: Danian, Tanetian, Ypresian and Ypresian-Lutetian. The intensity of the siliceous accumulation began to increase in Ypresian, reached a maximum at the end of the Lutetian. The main causes of biogenic accumulation were extensive marine links with the basins of the World Ocean, upwelling and water movement, the developed hydrological network, a favorable tectonic regime, which caused a weak terrigenous dilution of sediments. Sedimentogenesis of opal-cristobalite rocks occurred in the absence of a significant influence of volcanic processes. The main differences between the northwestern and southeastern parts of the basin in the era of accumulation of diatomaceous ooze consisted of a different chemistry of the waters and terrigenous demolition of the southern and northern seas. The combination of the depth of the basin along the Urals and the minimal introduction of terrigenous material determined the considerable power of the photosynthetic zone, which together with an excess of nutrients promoted the luxuriant development of diatom flora here. Early Paleogene biogenic siliceous accumulation in Western Siberia, along with similar processes in the North Atlantic, to some extent preceded the global Eocene stage of siliceous accumulation.

Published
2017
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13. New wide-bandgap D–A polymer based on pyrrolo[3,4-b] dithieno[2,3-f:3′,2′-h]quinoxalindione and thiazole functionalized benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene units for high-performance ternary organic solar cells with over 16% efficiency

Author

Anupam Agrawal, Nadejda Davydova, Zhoucan Xie, Mukhamed L. Keshtov, V. G. Alekseev, I. O. Konstantinov, S. A. Kuklin, and Ganesh D. Sharma

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, chemistry.chemical_compound, Fuel Technology, Materials science, chemistry, Organic solar cell, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Band gap, Polymer chemistry, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Polymer, Ternary operation, Thiazole
Abstract

We have achieved a power conversion efficiency of 16.44% for the ternary polymer solar cell using a wide bandgap copolymer and two non-fullerene acceptors.

Published
2022
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14. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils of industrial and residential areas of Tyumen

Author

Elizaveta Yurievna Konstantinova, Svetlana N. Sushkova, Tatiana M. Minkina, Elena M. Antonenko, Alexandr O. Konstantinov, and Vitaliy Yu. Khoroshavin

Subjects
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, low molecular weight and high molecular weight, urban soils, contamination, pollution, sources, Engineering geology. Rock mechanics. Soil mechanics. Underground construction, TA703-712
Abstract

The relevance of the research is caused by the necessity to study the poorly investigated features of the priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons accumulation in the urban topsoil of the city areas described by various functional purposes and industry. The main aim of the research is qualitative and quantitative assessment of the topsoil contamination in the residential and industrial areas of the city according to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons composition and content observation. Objects of the research are urban topsoil undisturbed horizons (0-10 cm) of urban soils. Methods: soil sampling; methods for determining physical and chemical properties of soils, extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by saponification, high/performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection using 1260 Infinity device made by Agilent (USA), statistical methods, calculation of diagnostic ratios of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, hygienic and geochemical parameters. The results. The contents of 12 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were determined in anthropogenically altered soils: naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, benzo[ghi]perylene. A wide variability of their content in urban topsoils is shown. It has been established that the increased contents of benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[ghi]perylene determine soil contamination in the residential area, and fluorene, phenanthrene, benzo[a]anthracene and benzo[k]fluoranthene - in the soils of industrial areas. It was revealed that, on average, the total content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is twice higher in the soils of the residential area than in the soils of industrial areas. This is due to both the physical and chemical properties of soils, and the duration and intensity of anthropogenic impact. An integrated assessment of pollution showed a dangerous level of soil pollution in the residential area, moderately dangerous - in the Antipinsky Refinery impact area and the permissible - in the CHP-2 plant impact area.

Published
2018

15. Icosapent Ethyl Reduces Ischemic Events in Patients With a History of Previous Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: REDUCE-IT CABG

Author

Subodh Verma, Deepak L. Bhatt, Ph. Gabriel Steg, Michael Miller, Eliot A. Brinton, Terry A. Jacobson, Nitish K. Dhingra, Steven B. Ketchum, Rebecca A. Juliano, Lixia Jiao, Ralph T. Doyle, Craig Granowitz, C. Michael Gibson, Duane Pinto, Robert P. Giugliano, Matthew J. Budoff, R. Preston Mason, Jean-Claude Tardif, Christie M. Ballantyne, Fabrice M.A.C. Martens, Astrid Schut, Brian Olshansky, Mina Chung, Al Hallstrom, Lesly Pearce, Cyrus Mehta, Rajat Mukherjee, Anjan K. Chakrabarti, Eli V. Gelfand, Megan Carroll Leary, Duane S. Pinto, Yuri B. Pride, Steven Ketchum, Ramakrishna Bhavanthula, Gertrude Chester, Christina Copland, Katelyn Diffin, Ralph Doyle, Kurt Erz, Alex Giaquinto, Paula Glanton, Angela Granger, Richard H. Iroudayassamy, Rebecca Juliano, James Jin, Dimitry Klevak, Hardik Panchal, Robert Wang, Shin-Ru Wang, Gerard Abate, Peggy J. Berry, Rene Braeckman, Declan Doogan, Anne Elson, Amy HauptmannBaker, Isabel Lamela, Catherine Lubeck, Mehar Manku, Sabina Murphy, Monica Sanford, William Stirtan, Paresh Soni, Arnaud Bastien, Demetria Foster, Evangelito Gascon, Judith Johnson, Lasbert Latona, Gang Liu, Sandra Palleja, Nelly Sanjuan, Jimmy Shi, William Stager, Mukund Venkatakrishnan, Ahmed Youssef-Agha, Julie Zhu, Leela Aertker, Suresh Ankolekar, Lisa Goldberg, Natasa Rajicic, Jianfen Shu, Heng Zou, Magdy Mikhail, Gamil Dawood, N. Mathew Koshy, Sandip K. Mukherjee, Rafik Abadier, Andrea L. Lawless, William P. McGuinn, Howard Weintraub, Kathryn Rohr, Edmund Claxton, Robert J. Weiss, Terry D. Klein, Mani Nallasivan, Stephen Crowley, Marilyn King, Anthony D. Alfieri, David Fitz-Patrick, Irving Loh, Nolan J. Mayer, Rakesh Prashad, Samuel Lederman, Debra Weinstein, Harold E. Bays, Keith Chu, Alireza Maghsoudi, Paul D. Thompson, Jeff Carstens, Anna Chang, Kenneth R. Cohen, Julius Dean, Howard S. Ellison, Bernard Erickson, Enrique A. Flores, Daniel W. Gottlieb, Paul Grena, John R. Guyton, Peter H. Jones, John M. Joseph, Norman E. Lepor, Sam Lerman, Robert D. Matheney, Theodore R. Pacheco, Michael B. Russo, John Rubino, Edward S. Pereira, Albert A. Seals, Eduardo Viera, Alan D. Steljes, Jason Thompson, Shaival Kapadia, Michael McIvor, Jorge E. Salazar, Jose O. Santiago, Ralph Vicari, Martin R. Berk, William A. Kaye, Marcus McKenzie, David Podlecki, Brian D. Snyder, Stephen Nash, David M. Herrington, Wallace Johnson, Joseph R. Lee, Ronald Blonder, Alpa M. Patel, Ramon Castello, Susan Greco, Dean J. Kereiakes, Venkatesh K. Nadar, Mark Nathan, Ranganatha P. Potu, Robert Sangrigoli, Richard Smalling, Mitchell Davis, Robert Braastad, James McCriskin, Kunal Bodiwala, Joe L. Hargrove, Mark W. Graves, George Emlein, Raegan W. Durant, James W. Clower, Rohit Arora, Narendra Singh, Lisa Warsinger Martin, W Herbert Haught, Marc P. Litt, Michael D. Klein, Peter Hoagland, Michael Goldstein, Marco S. Mazzella, Daniel H. Dunker, Brian H. Kahn, Carlos S. Ince, Frank A. McGrew, Jay Lee, David Pan, Salman A. Khan, Uri Elkayam, Wasim Deeb, Anne C. Goldberg, Christopher S. Brown, Wayne N. Leimbach, Thomas S. Backer, David R. Sutton, Joel Gellman, Anu R. George, Alan S. Hoffman, Mark Kates, Kishlay Anand, Robert Bear, Brendan J. Cavanaugh, Ramon G. Reyes, Rodolfo Sotolongo, Kenneth Sabatino, Kevin Gallagher, Ehab Sorial, Chris Geohas, Kathleen E. Magness, Bernard P. Grunstra, Frederik A. Martin, William S. Knapp, Mel E. Lucas, John J. Champlin, Jason Demattia, Patrick H. Peters, Judith Kirstein, William J. Randall, Cezar S. Staniloae, Jennifer G. Robinson, Alexander Adler, Christopher Case, Andrew J. Kaplan, Gregory F. Lakin, Krishan K. Goyle, Michael J. DiGiovanna, Chester L. Fisher, Michael Lillestol, Michael Robinson, Robert G. Perry, Lawrence S. Levinson, Brian G. Everhart, Robert D. Madder, Earl F. Martin, Earl E. Martin, Imtiaz Alam, Jose Mari L. Elacion, Robina Poonawala, Taddese T. Desta, Jerome A. Robinson, Gilbert J. Martinez, Jakkidi S. Reddy, Jeffrey D. Wayne, Samuel Mujica Trenche, Westbrook I. Kaplan, Rubin H. Saavedra, Michael D. DiGregorio, Barry D. Bertolet, Neil J. Fraser, Terence T. Hart, Ronald J. Graf, David A. Jasper, Michael Dunn, Dan A. Streja, David J. Strobl, Nan Jiang, Vicki Kalen, Richard Mascolo, Mercedes B. Samson, Michael Stephens, Bret M. Bellard, Mario Juarez, Patrick J. McCarthy, John B. Checton, Michael Stillabower, Edward Goldenberg, Amin H. Karim, Naseem Jaffrani, Robert C. Touchon, Erich R. Fruehling, Clayton J. Friesen, Pradipta Chaudhuri, Frank H. Morris, Robert E. Broker, Rajesh J. Patel, Susan Hole, Randall P. Miller, Francisco G. Miranda, Sadia Dar, Shawn N. Gentry, Paul Hermany, Charles B. Treasure, Miguel E. Trevino, Raimundo Acosta, Anthony Japour, Samuel J. Durr, Thomas Wang, Om P. Ganda, Perry Krichmar, James L. Arter, Douglas Jacoby, Michael A. Schwartz, Amer Al-Karadsheh, Nelson E. Gencheff, John A. Pasquini, Richard Dunbar, Sarah Kohnstamm, Hector F. Lozano, Francine K. Welty, Thomas L. Pitts, Brian Zehnder, Salah El Hafi, Mark A. King, Arnold Ghitis, Marwan M. Bahu, Hooman Ranjbaran Jahromi, Ronald P. Caputo, Robert S. Busch, Michael D. Shapiro, Suhail Zavaro, Munib Daudjee, Shahram Jacobs, Vipul B. Shah, Frank Rubalcava, Mohsin T. Alhaddad, Henry Lui, Raj T. Rajan, Fadi E. Saba, Mahendra Pai N Gunapooti, Tshiswaka B. Kayembe, Timothy Jennings, Robert A. Strzinek, Michael H. Shanik, Pradeep K. Singh, Alastair C. Kennedy, Howard Rubenstein, Ramin Manshadi, Joanne Ladner, Lily Kakish, Ashley Kakish, Amy L. Little, Jaime Gerber, Nancy J. Hinchion, Janet Guarino, Denise Raychok, Susan Budzinski, Kathleen Kelley-Garvin, April Beckord, Jessica Schlinder, Arthur Schwartzbard, Stanley Cobos, Deborah Freeman, David Abisalih, Dervilla McCann, Kylie Guy, Jennifer Chase, Stacey Samuelson, Madeline Cassidy, Marissa Tardif, Jaime Smith, Brenna Sprout, Nanette Riedeman, Julie Goza, Lori Johnson, Chad Kraske, Sheila Hastings, Chris Dutka, Stephanie Smith, Toni McCabe, Kathleen Maloney, Paul Alfieri, Vinay Hosemane, Chanhsamone Syravanh, Cindy Pau, April Limcoiloc, Tabitha Carreira, Taryn S. Kurosawa, Razmig Krumian, Krista Preston, Ashraf Nashed, Daria Schneidman-Fernandez, Jack Patterson, John Tsakonas, Jennifer Esaki, Lynn Sprafka, Porous Patel, Brian Mitchell, Erin M. Ross, Donna Miller, Akash Prashad, Kristina M. Feyler, Natasha Juarbe, Sandra Herrera, Sarah M. Keiran, Becky Whitehead, Whitney Asher, Coury Hobbs, Abbey Elie, Jean Brooks, Amanda L. Zaleski, Brenda Foxen, Barb Lapke, Philippa Wright, Bristol Pavol, Gwen Carangi, Marla Turner, Katharine W. Sanders, Rikita S. Delamar, Virginia L. Wilson, Sarah M. Harvel, Alison M. Cartledge, Kaitlyn R. Bailey, Kathleen Mahon, Timothy Schuchard, Jen Humbert, Mark C. Hanson, Michael P. Cecil, James S. Abraham, Lorie Benedict, Claudia Slayton, Curtis S. Burnett, Rachel W. Ono-Lim, Sharon Budzinski, Shubi A. Khan, Sharon Goss, Terry Techmanski, Farida Valliani, Rimla Joseph, Edith Flores, Laurn Contreras, Ana Aguillon, Carrie-Ann Silvia, Maria Martin, Edmund K. Kerut, Leslie W. Levenson, Louis B. Glade, Brian J. Cospolich, Maureen W. Stein, Stephen P. LaGuardia, Thelma L. Sonza, Tracy M. Fife, Melissa Forschler, Jasmyne Watts, Judy Fritsch, Emese Futchko, Sarah Utech, Scott B. Baker, Miguel F. Roura, Scott A. Segel, James S. Magee, Cathy Jackson, Rebecca F. Goldfaden, Liudmila Quas, Elizabeth C. Ortiz, Michael Simpson, Robert Foster, Christopher Brian, James Trimm, Michael Bailey, Brian Snoddy, Van Reeder, Rachel Wilkinson, Harold Settle, Cynthia Massey, Angela Maiola, Michele Hall, Shelly Hall, Wanda Hall, Mark Xenakis, Janet Barrett, Giovanni Campanile, David Anthou, Susan F. Neill, Steven Karas, Enrique Polanco, Norberto Schechtman, Grace Tischner, Kay Warren, Cynthia St Cyr, Menna Kuczinski, Latrina Alexander, Maricruz Ibarra, Barry S. Horowitz, Jaime Steinsapir, Jeanette Mangual-Coughlin, Brittany Mooney, Precilia Vasquez, Kathleen Rodkey, Alexandria Biberstein, Christine Ignacio, Irina Robinson, Marcia Hibberd, Lisa B. Hoffman, Daniel J. Murak, Raghupathy Varavenkataraman, Theresa M. Ohlson Elliott, Linda A. Cunningham, Heather L. Palmerton, Sheri Poole, Jeannine Moore, Helene Wallace, Ted Chandler, Robert Riley, Farah Dawood, Amir Azeem, Michael Cammarata, Ashleigh Owen, Shivani Aggarwal, Waqas Qureshi, Mohamed Almahmoud, Abdullahi Oseni, Adam Leigh, Erin Barnes, Adam Pflum, Amer Aladin, Karen Blinson, Vickie Wayne, Lynda Doomy, Michele Wall, Valerie Bitterman, Cindi Young, Rachel Grice, Lioubov Poliakova, Jorge Davalos, David Rosenbaum, Mark Boulware, Heather Mazzola, J. Russell Strader, Russell Linsky, David Schwartz, Elizabeth Graf, Alicia Gneiting, Melissa Palmblad, Ashley Donlin, Emily Ensminger, Hillary Garcia, Dawn Robinson, Carolyn Tran, Jeffrey Jacqmein, Darlene Bartilucci, Michael Koren, Barbara Maluchnik, Melissa Parks, Jennifer Miller, Cynthia DeFosse, Albert B. Knouse, Amy Delancey, Stephanie Chin, Thomas Stephens, Mag Sohal, Juana Ingram, Swarooparani Kumar, Heather Foley, Nina Smith, Vera McKinney, Linda Schwarz, Judith Moore, Hildreth Vernon Anderson, Stefano Sdringola-Maranga, Ali Denktas, Elizabeth Turrentine, Rhonda Patterson, John Marshall, Terri Tolar, Donna Patrick, Pamela Schwartzkopf, Anthony M. Fletcher, Frances R. Harris, Sherry Clements, Tiffany Brown, William Smith, Stacey J. Baehl, Robin Fluty, Daniel VanHamersveld, Dennis Breen, Nancy Bender, Beverly Stafford, Tamika Washington, Margaret N. Pike, Mark A. Stich, Evyan Jawad, Amin Nadeem, Jill Nyland, Rhonda Hamer, Kendra Calhoun, Charlotte Mall, Samuel Cadogan, Kati Raynes, Richard Katz, Lorraine Marshall, Rashida Abbas, Jay L. Dinerman, John T. Hartley, Beth Lamb, Lisa Eskridge, Donna Raymond, Kristy Clemmer, Denise M. Fine, Paula Beardsley, Janet Werner, Bette Mahan, Courtney VanTol, Robert Herman, Christine Raiser-Vignola, Felicia McShan, Stefanie A. Neill, David R. Blick, Michael J. Liston, Denetta K. Nelson, Sandra K. Dorrell, Patricia Wyman, Ambereen Quraishi, Fernando Ferro, Frank Morris, Vicki J. Coombs, Autumn M. Mains, Austin A. Campbell, Jeanne Phelps, Cheryl A. Geary, Ellen G. Sheridan, Jean M. Downing, Arie Swatkowski, Tish Redden, Brian Dragutsky, Susan Thomas, Candace Mitchell, Diana Barker, Elanie Turcotte, Deborah Segerson, Jill Guy, Karena De La Mora, Jennifer Hong, Dennis Do, Rose Norris, Faisal Khan, Hector Montero, Stacy Kelly-White, Alan Cleland, Rosalyn Alcalde-Crawford, Melissa Morgan, Brijmohan Sarabu, Megan Minor, Shweta Kamat, Stephanie M. Estes, Nancee Harless, Alicia Disney, Jodi L. Pagano, Chad M. Alford, Noel W. Bedwell, Warren D. Hardy, Kevin DeAndrade, Jessica G. Elmore, Eric Auerbach, Anthony W. Haney, Miriam H. Brooks, Jose Torres, Lois Roper, Terry Backer, Katie Backer, John G. Evans, Ricardo A. Silva, Lorraine H. Dajani, Veronica Yousif, Tammy Ross, Sion K. Roy, Ronald Oudiz, Sajad Hamal, Ferdinand Flores, Amor Leahy, Debra Ayer, Swapna George, Chrisi Carine Stewart, Elvira Orellana, Cristina Boccalandro, Mary Rangel, Suzanne Hennings, Carl Vanselow, Teri Victor, Darlene Birdwell, Paul Haas, Anthony Sandoval, Gina Ciavarella, Caroline Saglam, Amy Bird, Keith Beck, Brian Poliquin, David Dominguez, Brittany Tenorio, Harvonya Perkins, Esther San Roman, Paris Bransford, Christy Lowrance, Marcy Broussard, Mary Ellis, Bobbi Skiles, Jessica Hamilton, Kathryn Hall, Diego Olvera, Julee A. Hartwell, Nevien Sorial, Mary Rickman, Kevin Berman, Nirav Mehta, Annie Laborin, Rodger Rothenberger, Sarah Beauvilliers, Kathy Morrell, Michael P. Schachter, Cindy L. Perkins, Elizabeth A. Gordon, Jennifer Lauer, Kim Bichsel, Kelly Oliver, Leslie J. Mellor, Candice Demattia, Jennifer Schomburg, Yenniffer Moreno, Eduardo Mansur-Garza, Lena Rippstein, Lorie Chacon, Andrea Pena, Michelle King, Susan Richardson, Annette Jessop, Nicole Tucker, Whitney Royer, Gilbert Templeton, Ann Moell, Christine Weller, Melissa J. Botts, Gretel Hollon, Elsa Homberg-Pinassi, Paula Forest, Aref Bin Abhulhak, Devona Chun-Furlong, Deborah Harrington, Emily Harlynn, Marjorie Schmitt, Constance Shelsky, Patricia Feldick, Mary Cherrico, Courtney Jagle, Nicholas Warnecke, Debra Myer, Deanna J. Ruder, Albina Underwood, Alan Rauba, George Carr, Barbara Oberhaus, Jessica Vanderfeltz, Mary Jo Stucky-Heil, Dale R. Gibson, Vonnie Fuentes, Kimberly L. Talbot, William C. Simon, Katlyn J. Grimes, Christina R. Wheeler, Cassaundra Shultz, Rhonda A. Metcalf, Jennifer L. Hill, Michelle R. Oliver, Basharat Ahmad, Fouzal Azeem, Abdul Rahim, George H. Freeman, Dawn Bloch, Heather Freeman, Jamie Brown, Sarah Rosbach, Pamela Melander, Nick Taralson, Alex Liu, Katlyn Harms, Mahfouz Michale, Jose Lopez, Maria Revoredo, Shari Edevane, Sarah Shawley, Timothy L. Jackson, Michael J. Oliver, Dina DeSalle, Patricia J. Matlock, Ionna M. Beraun, Heather Hendrix, Garrett Bromley, Ashley Niemerski, Gabby Teran, Sonia Guerrero, Murtaza Marvi, Zehra Palanpurwala, Andrea Torres, Patty Gloyd, Michelle Conger, Aziz Laurent, Olia Nayor, Catalina S. Villanueva, Munira Khambati, Tabetha J. Mumford, Melanie J. Castillo, Taddese Desta, Jerome Robinson, La Shawn Woods, Anita Bahri, Nancy Herrera, Cecilia Casaclang, Jeffrey R. Unger, Geraldine Martinez, Mia K. Moon, Stephen M. Mohaupt, Larry Sandoval, Louisito Valenzuela, Victora Ramirez, Nelly Mata, Veronica Avila, Marisol Patino, Cynthia Montano-Pereira, Omar Barnett, William M. Webster, Lorraine M. Christensen, Leighna Bofman, Melanie Livingston, Stacey Adams, Joseph Hobbs, Leesa Koskela, Mia Katz, Samuel Mujica-Trenche, Franklin Cala, Noreen T. Rana, Jennifer Scarlett, Milagros Cala Anaya, Marsha R. Jones, Kelly D. Hollis, Debbie Roth, Kristin Eads, Tina Watts, Judy Perkins, Alice Arnold, Daniel C. Ginsberg, Denise Quinn, Nicole Cureton, David B. Fittingoff, Mohammed I. Iqbal, Stephen R. White, Edith Sisneros, Michelle Ducca, David Streja, Danny Campos, Jennifer L. Boak, Farzeen Amir, Felice Anderson, James J. Kmetzo, Mary O. Bongarzone, Dawn Scott, Mary Grace De Leon, Cynthia Buda, William Graettinger, Michelle Alex, Erika Hess, James Govoni, Melissa Bartel, Travis L. Monchamp, Julie S. Roach, Sara Gibson, Amy M. Allfrey, Kristen Timpy, Kathy Bott, Karin A. Soucy, Jean Willis, Cecilia A. Valerio, Anusha Chunduri, Rebecca Coker, Nicole Vidrine, Ellen A. Thompson, Mark A. Studeny, Melissa K. Marcum, Tammy S. Monway, Douglas L. Kosmicki, Melissa J. Kelley, Corey M. Godfrey, Susan L. Krenk, Randy R. Holcomb, Deb K. Baehr, Mary K. Trauernicht, David Rowland Lowry, Betty Bondy Herts, Jeanne E Phelps, Jean-Marie Downing, Carol Gamer Dignon, Elisabeth S. Cockrill, Pravinchandra G. Chapla, Diane Fera, Margaret Chang, Patricia Fredette, Tamie Ashby, Renee Bergin, Zebediah A. Stearns, David B. Ware, Rachael M. Boudreaux, Joanna Rodriguez, Robert McKenzie, Amanda Huber, Rebecca Sommers, Heather Rowe, Stacy McLallen, Michale Haynes, Ashley Adamson, Janice Henderson, Lori McClure, Beverly A. Harris, Laura Ference, Sue Meissner-Dengler, Lisa Treasure, Doreen Nicely, Timothy L. Light, Tracey A. Osborn, Kimberly J. Mai, Pablo Vivas, Jose Rios, Dunia Rodriguez, Roger DeRaad, James Walder, Oscar Bailon, Denice Hockett, Debbie Anderson, Kelli McIntosh, Amber Odegard, Andrew Shepherd, Mary Seifert, Laurence Kelley, Rajendra Shetty, Michael Castine, David Brill, Gregory Fisher, Nicole Richmond, Kathleen Gray, Patricia Miller, Charlene Coneys, Yarixa Chanza, Monica Sumoza, Victoria M. Caudill, Kelly D. Harris, Courtney A. Manion, Melody J. Lineberger-Moore, Julie J. Wolfe, Barbara J. Rosen, Patricia DiVito, Janet L. Moffat, Christina Michaelis, Prashant Koshy, Diana Perea, Ghaith Al Yacoub, Stephanie Sadeghi, Thomas D. LeGalley, Rudolph F. Evonich, William J. Jean, Gary M. Friesen, John M. Pap, David A. Pesola, Mark D. Cowan, Kristofer M. Dosh, Dianna Larson, Adele M. Price, Jodi A. Nease, Jane E. Anderson, Lori A. Piggott, Robert Iwaoka, Kevin Sharkey, Edward McMillan, Laurie Lowder, Latisha Morgan, Kyle Davis, Tara Caldwell, Erica Breglio, Jasmine Summers, Rachel Poulimas, Muhammad Zahid, Hamid Syed, Maria Escobar, Jacob Levy, Rahma Warsi, Carol Ma, Puxiao Cen, Kimberly A. Cawthon, Delores B. Barnes, Deanna G. Allen, Margaret L. Warrington, Carol R. Stastny, Robin J. Michaels, Mohamad Saleh, John Sorin, Sunny Rathod, Urakay Juett, Steven Spencer, Aziza Keval, Jill McBride, Shane Young, Catherine Baxter, Carol Rasmussen, Shari L. Coxe, Luis Campos, Shahin Tavackoli, Diana Beckham, Darlynee Sanchez, Karanjit Basrai, Dorian Helms, Erica Clinton, Kasie Smith, Henry Cusnir, Mary Klaus Clark, Madhavagopal V. Cherukuri, Ameta Scarfaru, Stephen D. Nash, Loretta C. Grimm, Anna Grace, Kylie McElheran, Dino Subasic, Zedrick Buhay, Janet Litvinoff, Deepak Shah, Shannon Cervantes, Freda Usher, Farra Yasser, Theodore Trusevich, Ronnie L. Garcia, Jamison Wyatt, Rahul Bose, Holllilyn Miska, Traci Spivey, Amy B. Wren, Katie E. Vance, Lani L. Holman, Pam Gibbons, Elaine Eby, Sandra Shepard, Soratree Charoenthongtrakul, Brett Snodgrass, Mohammed Nazem, Shelly Keteenburg, Prathima Murthy, Frederic Prater, Ashley Rumfelt, Christina Eizensmits, Lisa Iannuzzi, Pourus R. Patel, Clellia Bergamino, Elizabeth McFeaters, Botros Rizk, Emiljia Pflaum, Danny Kalish, Rex Ambatali, Mona Ameli, Delaina Sanguinetti, Rakesh Vaidya, Martinus A.W. Broeders, Dorman Henrikus, Adrianus F.M. Kuijper, Nadea Al-Windy, Michael Magro, Karim Hamraoui, Ismail Aksoy, Guy L.J. Vermeiren, H.W.O. Roeters van Lennep, Gerard Hoedemaker, Johannes Jacobus Remmen, Kjell Bogaard, Dirk van der Heijden, Nicole MJ Knufman, Joost Frederiks, Johannes Willem Louwerenburg, Piet van Rossum, Johannes Milhous, Peter van der Meer, Arno van der Weerdt, Rob Breedveld, Mitran Keijzers, Walter Hermans, Ruud van de Wal, Peter A.G. Zwart, Marc M.J.M. van der Linden, Gerardus Zwiers, Dirk J. Boswijk, Jan Geert Tans, Jacob van Eck, Maarten V. Hessen, Barnabas J.B. Hamer, Stieneke Zoet-Nugteren, Lucien Theunissen, E.A. van Beek, Remco Nijmeijer, Pieter R. Nierop, Gerard Linssen, H.P. Swart, Timo Lenderink, Gerard L. Bartels, Frank den Hartog, Brian J. Berg van den, Wouter van Kempen, Susanne Kentgens, Gloria M. Rojas Lingan, Martinus M. Peeters, Hilligje Keterberg, Melchior Nierman, Annemieke K. den Hollander, Jacqueline Hoogendijk, Christine Voors-Pette, Vicdan Kose, Peter Viergever, Larysa Yena, Viktor Syvolap, Mykola P. Kopytsya, Olga Barna, Svitlana S. Panina, Mykhailo I. Lutai, Oxana V. Shershnyova, Iryna Luzkiv, Larysa S. Bula, Sergii Zotov, Ivan Vyjhovaniuk, Olena Lysunets, Volodymyr I. Koshlia, Nataliya Sydor, Myroslava F. Vayda, Olexiy Ushakov, Mykola Rishko, Viktor P. Shcherbak, Yevgeniya Svyshchenko, Vira Tseluyko, Andriy Yagensky, Viktoriia I. Zolotaikina, Olga Godlevska, Larysa Ivanova, Olena Koval, Olena I. Mitchenko, Galyna Y. Kardash, Yurii S. Rudyk, Mykola Stanislavchuk, Volodymyr Ivanovych Volkov, Olena G. Karlinskaya, Susanna A. Tykhonova, Nikolay Vatutin, Ganna Smirnova, Volodymyr M. Kovalenko, Viktor Lizogub, Denys Sebov, Oleksandr Dyadyk, Svetlana Andrievskaya, Mykola P. Krasko, Alexander N. Parkhomenko, Lidiya Horbach, Iryna G. Kupnovytska, Tetyana Pertseva, Oleksandr Karpenko, Dmytro Reshotko, Svitlana V. Zhurba, Leonid Rudenko, Viktoriia Yu Zharinova, Valerii B. Shatylo, Yuriy I. Karpenko, Mariya A. Orynchak, Tatiana R. Kameneva, Elena Zherlitsina, Diana N. Alpenidze, Grigoriy P. Arutyunov, Elena Baranova, Boris Bart, Dmitriy I. Belenkiy, Svetlana A. Boldueva, Elena A. Demchenko, Vera V. Eltishcheva, Alexander M. Gofman, Boris M. Goloshchekin, Ivan Gennadyevich Gordeev, Nikolay Gratsianskiy, Gadel Kamalov, Niyaz R. Khasanov, Irina M. Kholina, Zhanna D. Kobalava, Elena V. Kobeleva, Alexandra O. Konradi, Victor A. Kostenko, Andrey Dmitrievich Kuimov, Polina Y. Ermakova, Sofia K. Malyutina, Alexey V. Panov, Natalia V. Polezhaeva, Olga Reshetko, Nataliya P. Shilkina, Sergey B. Shustov, Elena A. Smolyarchuk, Raisa I. Stryuk, Elena Yurievnar Solovieva, Andrey V. Susekov, Natalia Vezikova, Svetlana N. Ivanova, Alexander A. Petrov, Vladimir O. Konstantinov, Alina S. Agafina, Victor Gurevich, Konstantin N. Zrazhevskiy, Tatiana V. Supryadkina, Nikita B. Perepech, Vadim L. Arkhipovskiy, Dmitry Yu Butko, Irina A. Zobenko, Olga V. Orlikova, Viktor Mordovin, Olga L. Barbarash, Anastasiya Lebedeva, Vladimir Nosov, Oleg V. Averkov, Elena P. Pavlikova, Yuri B. Karpov, Marina Lvovna Giorgadze, Oleg A. Khrustalev, Mikhail Arkhipov, Tatiana A. Raskina, Julia V. Shilko, Yulia Samoilova, Elena D. Kosmacheva, Sergey V. Nedogoda, Kathleen Coetzee, Lesley J. Burgess, F.C.R. Theron, Iftikhar O. Ebrahim, Gerbrand A. Haasbroek, Maria Pretorius, Julien S. Trokis, Dorothea V. Urbach, Mark J. Abelson, Adrian R. Horak, Aysha E. Badat, Ellen M. Makotoko, Hendrik Du Toit Theron, Padaruth Ramlachan, Clive H. Corbett, Ismail H. Mitha, Hendrik F.M. Nortje, Dirkie J. Jansen van Rensburg, Peter J. Sebastian, F.C.J. Bester, Louis J. van Zyl, Brian L. Rayner, Elżbieta Błach, Magda Dąbrowska, Grzegorz Kania, Agata E. Kelm-Warchol, Leszek P. Kinasz, Janusz Korecki, Mariusz Kruk, Ewa Laskowska-Derlaga, Andrzej Madej, Krzysztof Saminski, Katarzyna Wasilewska, Katarzyna Szymkowiak, Małgorzata Wojciechowska, Natalia Piorowska, Andrzej Dyczek, Rajpal K. Abhaichand, Ramesh B. Byrapaneni, Basavanagowdappa Hattur, Malipeddi Bhaskara Rao, Nitin Ghaisas, Sujit Shankar Kadam, Jugal B. Gupta, Santhosh M. Jayadev, V.A. Kothiwale, Atul Mathur, Vijay Bhaskar, Ravi K. Aluri, Udaya P. Ponangi, Mukesh K. Sarna, Sunil Sathe, Manish K. Sharma, Jilendra Pal Singh Sawhney, Chakrabhavi B. Keshavamurthy, Arun Srinivas, Hemant P. Thacker, A. Sharda, Johny Joseph, Sunil Dwivedi, Viswanathan Mohan, Rajendra K. Premchand, Jacques Bedard, Jean Bergeron, Ronald Collette, David Crowley, Richard Dumas, Sam Henein, Geoff Moran, William F. O’Mahony, Michael O’Mahony, Sammy Chan, Mark H. Sherman, Graham C. Wong, Brian D. Carlson, Milan K. Gupta, David Borts, Sean R. Peterson, Martyn Chilvers, Allan J. Kelly, Jean C. Gregoire, Simon Kouz, Josep Rodés Cabau, Minodora Andor, Mircea Cinteza, Radu Ciudin, Radu I. Cojan, Roxana O. Darabont, Dan-Lucian Dumitrascu, Carmen Fierbinteanu-Braticievici, Ana Gabriela Fruntelata, Constantin Militaru, Bogdon E. Minescu, Doina Luminita Serban, Florin Mitu, Dorel Nastase Melicovici, Ovidiu Petrascu, Octavian M. Pirvu, Cristian Podoleanu, Calin Pop, Rodica-Valentina V. Stanescu-Cioranu, Adrian Tase, Cristina Voiculet, Constantine N. Aroney, Anthony M. Dart, Timothy Davis, Karam Kostner, David N. O’Neal, Peter W. Purnell, Bhuwanendu B. Singh, David R. Sullivan, Peter Thompson, Gerald F. Watts, Adam F. Blenkhorn, John V. Amerena, Rafeeq Samie, Randall Hendriks, Joseph Proietto, Nikolai Petrovsky, Alan Whelan, David Colquhoun, Russell S. Scott, Simon C. Young, Tammy Pegg, Samuel JS Wilson, Andrew W. Hamer, Richard A. Luke, Hamish H. Hart, Gerard P. Devlin, Gerard T. Wilkins, Ian F. Ternouth, Samraj Nandra, Bruno S. Loeprich, Nicole McGrath, Stuart L. Tie, Rob J. Bos, Alexandra Wils, Tamara Jacobs, Erik A. Badings, Lillian A. Ebels-Tuinbeek, Mayke L. Scholten, Esther Bayraktar-Verver, Debby Zweers, Manoek Schiks, Carolien Kalkman, Tineke Tiemes, Jeanette Mulderij, Katarzyna Dabrowska, Wilma Wijnakker, Riny Van de Loo, Jeanne de Graauw, Giny Reijnierse, Mirjam van der Zeijst, Mariska Scholten, Henk R. Hofmeijer, Antoinette van Dijk-van der Zanden, Dineke J. van Belle, Jan Van Es, Gera Van Buchem, Wendy Zijda, Harald Verheij, Linnea Oldenhof-Janssen, Martina Bader, Marije Löwik, Sandra Stuij, Pascal Vantrimpont, Krista van Aken, Karen Hamilton, Han Blömer, Gabriela van Laerhoven, Raymond Tukkie, Maarten Janssen, Gerard Verdel, Jon Funke Küpper, Bob van Vlies, Caroline Kalkman, Joke Vooges, Marinella Vermaas, Rachel Langenberg, Niek Haenen, Frans Smeets, Arko Scheepmaker, Marcel Grosfeld, Ilvy Van Lieshout, Marleen van den Berg, Marian Wittekoek, Petra Mol, Antionette Stapel, Margaretha Sierevogel, Nancy van der Ven, Annemiek Berkelmans, Eric Viergever, Hanneke Kramer, Wilma Engelen, Karen V. Houwelingen, Thierry X. Wildbergh, Arend Mosterd, Coriet Hobé-Rap, Marjan van Doorn, Petra Bunschoten, Michel Freericks, Mireille Emans, Petra Den Boer-Penning, Els Verlek, Christine Freericks, Cornelis de Nooijer, Christina Welten, Ingrid Groenenberg, Claudia van der Horst, Esther Vonk, Geert Tjeerdsma, Gerard M. Jochemsen, Corinne van Daalen, Ingrid Y. Danse, Lucy Kuipers, Anke Pieterse, Antonius Oomen, Daan de Waard, Willem Jan Flu, Zusan Kromhout, Petra Van der Bij, Rob Feld, Brigitta Hessels-Linnemeijer, Rob Lardinois, Jan L. Posma, Zwanette R. Aukema-Wouda, Marjolijn Hendriks-van Woerden, Desiree van Wijk, Driek P. Beelen, Ingrid H. Hendriks, Jan J. Jonker, Stefanie Schipperen, Vicdan Köse, Gloria Rojas, Linda Goedhart, Hanneke van Meurs, Jacqueline Rijssemus, Lindy Swinkels-Diepenmaat, Marloes de Louw-Jansen, Dominique Bierens-Peters, Willem W. van Kempen, Marianne E. Wittekoek, Irmaina Agous, Geert Schenk, Janneke Wittekoek, Kevin Cox, Deborah F. Julia, Jan J.C. Jonker, Roel Janssen, Melchor Nierman, Hilligje Katerberg, Irene van der Haar, Willem W. Van Kempen, Taco van Mesdag, Leyda M. Alvarez Costa, Manon Schensema, Salomé Zweekhorst, Deborah Font Julia, Lauri Hanewinckel, Joyce Olsthoorn, Johan C. Berends, Arie C. van der Spek, Roy van der Berg, Rob J. Timmermann, Ingrid Boerema, Iryna Mudruk, Anna Khrystoforova, Serhii Kyselov, Yaroslava V. Hilova, Pavlo Logoida, Nataliia A. Sanina, Ilona P. Golikova, Olena O. Nemchyna, Ivan I. Isaichikov, Olga B. Potapova, Iurii V. Gura, Larysa Berestetska, Olena O. Kulianda, Oleksandr Tantsura, Oleksandr S. Kulbachuk, Volodymyr Petsentiy, Ihor Biskub, Tetyana Handych, Oleg Lagkuti, Alyna Gagarina, Taras Chendey, Oksana F. Bilonko, Olena Matova, Larysa Bezrodna, Olena Yarynkina, Tetiana Ovdiienko, Volodymyr Randchenko, Maryna Mospan, Olena Butko, Olga Romanenko, Mykhailo Pavelko, Iryna Sichkaruk, Svitlana O. Lazareva, Olena A. Kudryk, Inessa M. Koltsun, Tetiana Magdalits, Sergei Zadorozhniy, Kira Kompaniiets, Andrii Ivanov, Sergiy Romanenko, Pavlo Kaplan, Vadym Y. Romanov, Oksana P. Mykytyuk, Nataliia S. Zaitseva, Sergiy N. Pyvovar, Lyudmyla Burdeuna, Emerita Serdobinska, Tatiana I. Shevchenko, Igor I. Ivanytskyi, Olena V. Khyzhnyak, Nataliya Kalinkina, Olena Keting, Olena Sklyanna, Olga Kashanska, Anna Shevelok, Marina Khristichenko, Ievgenii Y. Titov, Danilenko O. Oleksander, Nataliia S. Polenova, Nataliia Altunina, Viktoriia Kororaieva, Stanislav Zborovskiy, Leonid Kholopov, Iurii Suliman, Lanna Lukashenko, Stanislav Shvaykin, Olexandr M. Glavatskiy, Roman O. Sychov, Roman L. Kulynych, Oleksandr A. Skarzhevskyi, Nataliia V. Dovgan, Marta Horbach, Olga Cherkasova, Iryna Tyshchenko, Liudmyla Todoriuk, Svitlana Kizim, Nataliia Brodi, Oleksandr Ivanko, Olga Garbarchuk, Liudmyla Alieksieieva, Tetiana L. Shandra, Olena Beregova, Larisa An Bodretska, Svitlana S. Naskalova, Ivanna A. Antoniuk-Shcheglova, Olena V. Bondarenko, Natalia G. Andreeva, Iryna I. Vakalyuk, Olha S. Chovganyuk, Nataliya R. Artemenko, Kiril A. Maltsev, Natalia Kalishevich, Natalia G. Kondratyeva, Svetlana A. Nikitina, Maria V. Martjanova, Anna V. Sokolova, Dmitrii O. Dragunov, Olga Kolesnik, Vera Larina, Oxana V. Tsygankova, Maria Ivanova, Illia A. Karpov, Elena M. Aronova, Ekaterina S. Vedernikova, Ekaterina I. Lubinskaya, Taras Y. Burak, Sergey I. Skichko, Farhad Rasulev, Ekaterina B. Soldatova, Alexander L. Fenin, Ilya I. Laptev, Elena E. Luchinkina, Alexandr Akatov, Natalia V. Polenova, Natalia N. Slavina, Irina N. Korovnika, Marina Yu Prochorova, Regina Shakirova, Elena N. Andreicheva, Olga A. Krasnova, Tinatin V. Lobzhanidze, Tatiana B. Dmitrova, Viktoriya V. Stakhiv, Maria I. Pechatnikova, Alexandra V. Panova, Maria Y. Tipikina, Oxana P. Rotar, Nikolay A. Bokovin, Saule K. Karabalieva, Farid Y. Tumarov, Elena V. Vasileva, Natalya Gennadevna Lozhkina, Ekaterina V. Filippova, Alisa I. Sharkaeva, Ekanerina V. Filippova Deilik, Natalia Yu Tolkacheva, Elena N. Domracheva, Andrey N. Ryabikov, Inga T. Abesadze, Marianna Z. Alugishvili, Elena P. Nikolaeva, Nadezda V. Smirnova, Valentina I. Rodionova, Polina V. Dolovstaya, Igor E. Yunonin, Sergey V. Kadin, Tatyana S. Sveklina, Anna V. Bushmanova, Elena L. Barkova, Irina S. Gomova, Yana V. Brytkova, Tatiana B. Ivanova, Marina Y. Zubareva, Inga Skopets, Lybov A. Galashevskaya, Emilia D. Butinskaya, Olga G. Gusarova, Natalia B. Kalishevich, Yana R. Pavlova, Marianna P Serebrenitskaya, Vitalina F. Grygorieva, Gulnara R. Kuchaeva, Inna A. Vasileva, Gulnara I. Ospanova, Yulia V. Vahrusheva, Irina A. Semenova, Irina E.E. Mikhailova, Olga O. Kvasova, Valeria D. Shurygina, Alexey E. Rivin, Alexey O. Savelyev, Alexey A. Savelyev, Olesya O. Milyaeva, Nadezhda N. Lapshina, Ninel A. Lantsova, Pavel V. Alexandrov, Evgeniy A. Orlikov, Alla Falkovskaya, Tatiana Ripp, Sergei Triss, Stanislav Pekarskiy, Sitkova Ekaterina, Evgeniya N. Zhuravleva, Olga Perova, Galina Kovaleva, Liubov Koroleva, Lydia Mishchenko, Boris P. Garshin, Svetlana A. Kutuzova, Lyudmila I. Provotorova, Igor P. Zadvorny, Olga V. Okhapkina, Anatoly O. Khrustalev, Tatiana Suvorova, Elena S. Shaf, Varvara A. Vershinina, Andrey A. Kozulin, Oxana A. Oleynik, Irina Y. Martynova, Natalia V. Kizhvatova, Alla S. Salasyuk, Vera V. Tsoma, Alla A. Ledyaeva, Elena V. Chumachek, S.C. Blignaut, Tersia Y. Alexander, Chano Du Plessis, Thirumani Govender, Samatha M. Du Toit, Leya Motala, Areesh Gassiep, Christina Naude (Smit), Marli Terblanche, Marlien Snoer (Kruger), Berenice Pillay, De Vries Basson, Marisa E. Theron, Bianca Fouche, Mareli E. Coetzee, Pieter Odendall, Frederik H. Van Wijk, Anna-Mari Conradie, Trudie Van der Westhuizen, Carine Tredoux, Mohamed S. Mookdam, Andie J. Van der Merwe, Karin Snyman, Gerda Smal, Yvonne De Jager, Thomas A. Mabin, Annusca King, Lindy L. Henley, Brenda M. Zwane, Jane Robinson, Marinda Karsten, Andonia M. Page, Valerie Nsabiyumva, Charmaine Krahenbuhl, Jaiprakash D. Patel, Yunus E. Motala, Ayesha Dawood, Nondumiso B. Koza, Lenore M.S. Peters, Shavashni Ramlachan, Wilhelm J. Bodenstein, Pierre Roux, Lizelle Fouche, Cecilia M. Boshoff, Haroon M. Mitha, Fathima Khan, Henry P. Cyster, Helen Cyster, E. C. Wessels, Florence J. Jacobs, Melanie A. Sebastian, Deborah A. Sebastian, Nadia Mahomed, Ignatius P. Immink, Celia Cotzee, Tanja Cronje, Madele Roscher, Maria Le Roux, Yvonne A. Trinder, Renata Wnętrzak-Michalska, Magdalena Piszczek, Andrzej Piela, Ewa Czernecka, Dorota Knychas, Alina Walczak, Izabella Gładysz, Katarzyna Filas, Ewelina Kiluk, Krzysztof Świgło, Iwona Jędrzejczyk, Kamila Łuczyńska, Katarzyna Tymendorf, Wojciech Piesiewicz, Wojciech L. Kinasz, Stefan Samborski, Ilona Bartuś, Gramzyna Latocha Korecka, Ewa Gulaj, Jolanta Sopa, Bogusław Derlaga, Marcin Baisiak, Allicia Kowalisko, Edyta Stainszewska-Marasazlek, Bartosz Szafran, Malgorzata Swiatkiewicz, Artur Racewicz, Sławomir Grycel, Jerzy Supronik, Sylwia Walendziuk, Magdalena Tarantowicz, Agata Stasiak, Anna Sidorowicz-Białynicka, Marek Dwojak, Ewa Jaźwińska-Tarnawska, Katarzyna Kupczyk, Kamila Martowska, Kamila Kulon, Katarzyna Gajda, Bivin Wilson, Krithika Velusamy, Swaidha S. Sadhiq, Bhavani Siddeshi, M. Bhanukumar, Abhishek Srivatsav, Madhan Ramesh, Sri Harsha Chalasani, Mini Johnson, Prashanth Gopu, Jeesa George, Sowmya Reddy, Swetha Tessy Thara Eleena, Damodara Rao Kodem, Haritha N. Nakkella, Padma Kumari Mandula, Anjan Kumar Vuriya, Syamala Rajana, Aruna Kale, Tiwari Rajeev, Raina Jain, Vipin Jain, Srilakshmi Mandayam Adhyapak, Lumin Sheeba, Uma C R, Ramya R, Aditya V. Kulkarni, M.S. Ganachari, Ruma Sambrekar, Mohammad Bilal, Kalyan Chakravarthy, Ravi Badhavath, Sravan Kumar, Meenakshi Simhadri, Farooque Salamuddin, Venkat Prasad, Vivek Dwivedi, Sudha Sarna, Tilak Arora, Deepak Chawla, Archana Sathe, Chaware Gayatree, Ajeet Nanda, Ram Avtar, Jyoti Sharma, Vaibhavi P S, Sasirekha D, Deepthi Kobbajji, Ramya Ningappa, Shwetha Shree, Chandrashekar K, Nandini M R, Sowjanya S, Devika I G, Yashaswini N, Sonika G, Rathna L, Priyanka R, Rupal J. Shrimanker, Lakshmi Vinutha Reddy, K. Sumathi, Babitha Devi, Bina N. Naik, Rohini Manjunath, Rajeshwari Ashok, Tony V. Kunjumon, Jesline Thomas, Shaik Samdhani, Kasthuri Selvam, Poongothai Subramani, Nandakumar Parthasarathy, Nirmal K. Bohra, Anvesh K. Gatla, Cheryl Horbatuk, Julie Sills, E B. Davey, Liz Paramonczyk, Olga Racanelli, Sandy Strybosch, Andre Belanger, Jean Palardy, Alicia Schiffrin, Sylvie Gauthier, Norman Kalyniuk, Shawn D. Whatley, Heather Lappala, Grishma Patel, Matthew Reeve, Catherine Moran, Jody Everitt, Teresa Ferrari, Christine Bouffard, Jirir Frohlich, Gordon Francis, John Mancini, Gregory Bondy, Debbie DeAngelis, Patricia Fulton, David W. Blank, Angela Lombardo, Mylène Roy, Jackie Chow, Hyman Fox, William J. Grootendorst, Angela Hutchinson, Sharon M. Chan, Christie Fitzgerald, Lynn Wilkins, Rebecca L. Raymond, Arlene Reyes, Lavoie Marc André, Denis Fortin, Hélène Ouimet, Thanh-Thao Tôn-Nu, Martine Dussureault, Marie-Hélène Blain, Madeleine Roy, Nathalie Kopajko, Chantal Fleury, Karine Maheux, Gabriela Valentina Ciobotaru, Maria C. Constantinescu, Carmen-Lucia Gherghinescu, Ana-Maria Avram, Ioan Manitiu, Aura Sinpetrean, Lucian Pop, Delia Lupu, Radu Usvat, Ana Petrisor, Nicoleta Dumitru, Camelia Moruju, Adelina Gheorghita, Magda V. Mitu, Cosmin Macarie, Ana Maria Pop, Maria-Catalina Diaconu, Iulia Grancea, Mihaela Cosma, Mihaela Crisan, Elizabeth Herron, Paul Nestel, Sally B. Kay, Kaye S. Carter, Imran Badshah, Ashley Makepeace, Jocelyn Drinkwater, Michelle England, Azette Rafei, Kylie Patterson, Alicia Jenkins, Sybil McAuley, Sue M. Kent, Joy E. Vibert, Leonie Perrett, Thomas David, Samantha L. Kaye, Monika O’Connor, Nimalie J. Perera, Nicole T. Lai, Kerry A. Kearins, Christinia Dicamillo, Heather Anderson, Louise Ferguson, Sharon D. Radtke, Charles T. Thamarappillil, Janice M. Boys, Anita K. Long, Toni Shanahan, Michael Nyguyen, Nicole Forrest, Gill Tulloch, Della Greenwell, Sarah L. Price, Aye N. Tint, Priya K. Sumithran, Tamara L. Debreceni, Lisa Walker, Mary Caruana, Kira Edwards, Maria Stathopoulos, Cilla Haywood, Dimitar Sajkov, Sharen Pringle, Anne Tabner, Kathrina Bartolay, Chamindi Abeyratne, Kylie Bragg, Patrick Mulhern, Peter Purnell, Lyn Williams, Jane Hamlyn, Aurelia Connelly, Jan Hoffman, Samantha Bailey, Jane Kerr, Zarnia Morrison, Sarah Maeder, Roberta McEwan, Prasanna Kunasekera, Patrice McGregor, Jo Young, Sharon Berry, Rick Cutfield, Michelle Choe, Catherine McNamara, Narrinder K. Shergill, Petra Crone, Miles G. Williams, Keith Dyson, Diana H. Schmid, Audrey C. Doak, Melissa Spooner, Colin Edwards, Anne Turner, Grainne M. McAnnalley, Raewyn A. Fisher, Fraser B. Hamilton, Denis H. Friedlander, Melissa R. Kirk, Jayne E. Scales, Marguerite A. McLelland, Neelam A. Dalman, Cathy E. Vickers, Carolyn Jackson, Wendy Coleman, Phillip I. Garden, and Wendy F. Arnold

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Rate ratio, Double-Blind Method, Ischemia, Risk Factors, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, medicine, Clinical endpoint, Humans, Myocardial infarction, Coronary Artery Bypass, Stroke, Aged, business.industry, Unstable angina, Hazard ratio, Absolute risk reduction, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Number needed to treat, Cardiology, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract

Background: Despite advances in surgery and pharmacotherapy, there remains significant residual ischemic risk after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Methods: In REDUCE-IT (Reduction of Cardiovascular Events With Icosapent Ethyl–Intervention Trial), a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, statin-treated patients with controlled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and mild to moderate hypertriglyceridemia were randomized to 4 g daily of icosapent ethyl or placebo. They experienced a 25% reduction in risk of a primary efficacy end point (composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, or hospitalization for unstable angina) and a 26% reduction in risk of a key secondary efficacy end point (composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) when compared with placebo. The current analysis reports on the subgroup of patients from the trial with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting. Results: Of the 8179 patients randomized in REDUCE-IT, a total of 1837 (22.5%) had a history of coronary artery bypass grafting, with 897 patients randomized to icosapent ethyl and 940 to placebo. Baseline characteristics were similar between treatment groups. Randomization to icosapent ethyl was associated with a significant reduction in the primary end point (hazard ratio [HR], 0.76 [95% CI, 0.63–0.92]; P =0.004), in the key secondary end point (HR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.56–0.87]; P =0.001), and in total (first plus subsequent or recurrent) ischemic events (rate ratio, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.50–0.81]; P =0.0002) compared with placebo. This yielded an absolute risk reduction of 6.2% (95% CI, 2.3%–10.2%) in first events, with a number needed to treat of 16 (95% CI, 10–44) during a median follow-up time of 4.8 years. Safety findings were similar to the overall study: beyond an increased rate of atrial fibrillation/flutter requiring hospitalization for at least 24 hours (5.0% vs 3.1%; P =0.03) and a nonsignificant increase in bleeding, occurrences of adverse events were comparable between groups. Conclusions: In REDUCE-IT patients with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting, treatment with icosapent ethyl was associated with significant reductions in first and recurrent ischemic events. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT01492361.

Published
2021
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18. Binary and Ternary Polymer Solar Cells Based on a Wide Bandgap D‐A Copolymer Donor and Two Nonfullerene Acceptors with Complementary Absorption Spectral

Author

Anupam Agrawal, Mukhamed L. Keshtov, Sergei A. Kuklin, I. O. Konstantinov, Fang C. Chen, Yingping Zou, and Ganesh D. Sharma

Subjects
Materials science, Open-circuit voltage, business.industry, Band gap, General Chemical Engineering, Energy conversion efficiency, Acceptor, Polymer solar cell, General Energy, Environmental Chemistry, Optoelectronics, General Materials Science, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), business, Ternary operation, HOMO/LUMO
Abstract

A new wide-bandgap conjugated D-A polymer denoted as P106 with a medium acceptor dithieno [2,3-e;3'2'-g]isoindole-7,9 (8H) (DTID) unit and strong 2-dodecylbenzo[1,2-b:3,4-b':6,5-b"]trithiophene (3TB) donor units shows an optical bandgap of 2.04 and highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of -5.56 eV. P106 is used as the donor and two nonfullerene acceptors-medium bandgap DBTBT-IC and narrow band Y18-DMO-are used as acceptors for the construction of binary and ternary bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells. The optimized polymer solar cells based on P106 : DBTBT-IC and P106 : Y18-DMO exhibit power conversion efficiencies of 11.76 % and 14.07 %, respectively. The short-circuit current density (22.78 mA cm-2 ) for the P106 : Y18-DMO device is higher than that for P106 : DBTBT-IC (18.56 mA cm-2 ) one, which could be attributed to the more photon harvesting efficiency of the P106 : Y18-DMO active layer. In light of the high short-circuit current densities and fill factors for the Y18-DMO based device and the high value of open circuit voltage of the DBTBT-IC based device, ternary polymer solar cells are fabricated by using ternary active layer (P106 : DBTBT-IC : Y18-DMO) and achieve a power conversion efficiency of 16.49 % with low energy loss of 0.47 eV.

Published
2021
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19. High‐Performance Fullerene Free Polymer Solar Cells Based on New Thiazole ‐Functionalized Benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene D‐A Copolymer Donors

Author

S. A. Kuklin, V. G. Alekseev, Ganesh D. Sharma, Hemraj Dahiya, Aleksei R. Khokhlov, I. E. Ostapov, I. O. Konstantinov, Mukhamed L. Keshtov, Pavel V. Komarov, and Zhiyuan Xie

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Materials science, Fullerene, chemistry, Energy conversion efficiency, Polymer chemistry, Copolymer, General Chemistry, Thiazole, Polymer solar cell
Published
2021
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20. The clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis in familial hypercholesterolemia

Author

V A Korneva, T Iu Kuznetsova, M Iu Mandel'shtam, V O Konstantinov, and V B Vasil'ev

Subjects
familial hypercholesterolemia, clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis, karelia dwellers, Medicine
Abstract

Aim. To study the specific features of manifestations of atherosclerosis in Karelia dwellers with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Subjects and methods. The examination of 196 patients with FH involved laboratory tests, electrocardiography, echocardiography, triplex scanning of the arteries, exercise testing, and coronarography as indicated. Genetic examination was performed in 109 (55.6%) patients. Results. The examinees' mean age was 48±2.3 years; there was a female predominance (68.7%). All the patients were found to have significant hypercholesterolemia due to elevated low-density lipoprotein levels. There was arcus lipoides corneae in 26% of cases, tendinous xanthomas in 17%, and xanthelasma palpebrarum in 34.9%. Carotid stenosis and lower extremity atherosclerosis obliterans were detected in 26.3 and 4.6%, respectively. 27.5% of the patients were diagnosed with coronary heart disease (CHD) (mean age at onset 45 years): exertional angina pectoris (10.2%), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (14.8%), and an arrhythmic form (5.6%). 65.5% of the patients who had developed the first AMI were aged younger than 55 years. The most common site of AMI was the anterior wall of the left ventricle (55%); 51.7% of cases had transmural AMI. 24.1% of the patients sustained recurrent AMI. Complicated AMI was noted in 13.8% of cases. One third of the patients could achieve target blood lipid levels. Conclusion. The characteristics of the patients with FH in Karelia are a mean age of 48 years and a female predominance; the main criterion for the diagnosis of FH is significant dyslipidemia while its stigmas are rarely encountered. The specific features of CHD in the patients with FH are as follows: the age at onset is 45 years; AMI develops at the ages of less than 55 and 40 years in 65.5 and 26.3%, respectively; the rate of recurrent AMI is as high as 24%; transmural AMIs occur in 51.7% of the patients; 26.3% had signs of brachiocephalic artery stenotic lesion; 4.6% present with lower extremity atherosclerosis obliterans; one third of the patients could achieve target blood lipid levels.

Published
2014

21. Existing problems and new possibilities in the treatment of dyslipidemia Joint Conclusion Based on the Results of the Expert Council

Author

V. V. Kashtalap, Marat V. Ezhov, V. V. Skibitsky, N. M. Akhmedzhanov, Igor V. Sergienko, V. V. Kukharchuk, I I Shaposhnik, Mikhail I. Voevoda, V. O. Konstantinov, and Victor S. Gurevich

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, familial hypercholesterolemia, business.industry, education, RM1-950, medicine.disease, Medical care, RC666-701, Family medicine, hypolipidemic therapy, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, Medicine, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Pharmacology (medical), Therapeutics. Pharmacology, mixed dyslipidemia, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Dyslipidemia
Abstract

The meeting of the expert council of cardiologists-lipidologists, organized with the support of Novartis and dedicated to the discussion of the existing system of medical care for patients with familial hypercholesterolemia / mixed dyslipidemia, the modern evidence base for lipid-lowering therapy and the practical value of the strategy of early combined lipid-lowering therapy for doctors and these categories of patients was held in Moscow on November 11, 2020.

Published
2021
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22. Tactics of management of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Roundtable report

Author

Eugene M. Nifontov, Elena Baranova, Aleksei V. Panov, Maria Yu. Sitnikova, Victor S. Gurevich, Vladimir O. Konstantinov, Nadezhda Zvartau, Andrey G. Obrezan, and Alexandra Konradi

Subjects
cardiovascular diseases
Abstract

On September 25, 2020, in St. Petersburg, a round table was held with the support of Abbott company "Tactics of management of patients with cardiovascular diseases", dedicated to a modern interdisciplinary approach to the management of patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) with the participation of leading Russian cardiologists. CVD are one of the leading causes of adult mortality in both developing and developed countries. The key issues in the management of patients with CVD include the high incidence of comorbidity, which, according to the cardiovascular continuum, has a mutual negative effect on the course and prognosis of diseases. CVD are most often associated with metabolic disorders such as metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Currently, there is a need to correct the existing approaches to the management of CVD patients with comorbid metabolic disorders in order to optimize and improve the effectiveness of measures by health professionals. The article is devoted to aspects of a modern interdisciplinary approach to the management of patients with CVD.

Published
2021
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23. New Random Terpolymers Based on Bis(4,5-didodecylthiophen-2-yl)-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-i]dithieno[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine with Variable Absorption Spectrum as Promising Materials for Organic Solar Cells

Author

Mukhamed L. Keshtov, Zh. Xie, I. E. Ostapov, D. Yu. Godovsky, Gulshan Sharma, Alexey R. Khokhlov, S. A. Kuklin, and I. O. Konstantinov

Subjects
Thermogravimetric analysis, Materials science, Absorption spectroscopy, Organic solar cell, 010405 organic chemistry, Phenazine, 010402 general chemistry, Mole fraction, 01 natural sciences, Polymer solar cell, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Physical chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Cyclic voltammetry, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
Abstract

A series of new random terpolymers was synthesized by copolymerization of one electron-donor alkyl-substituted benzodithiophene unit and two electron-acceptor units, diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and bis(4,5-dodecylthiophen-2-yl)-[1,2,5]thiadiazol[3,4-i]dithieno[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (DF). The influence of the DPP/DF ratio on the thermal, optoelectronic, and electrochemical properties of the terpolymers was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The optical properties of the synthesized terpolymers were controlled by varying the DPP/DF ratio. An increase in the DF mole fraction in the polymer chain caused an increase in absorption intensity in the 300‒600 and 600‒1100 nm ranges, while increasing mole fraction of DPP resulted in stronger absorption in the 600‒900 nm range and lower absorption intensity in the 350‒600 nm range. The terpolymers exhibited broad and intense absorption over the spectral range from 300 to 1100 nm. The results demonstrate that random terpolymers with complementary absorption spectra have a great potential for increasing the photocurrent and efficiency of polymer solar cells.

Published
2021
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24. New Donor–Acceptor Random Terpolymers with Wide Absorption Spectra of 300–1000 nm for Photovoltaic Applications

Author

I. O. Konstantinov, I. E. Ostapov, Alexei R. Khokhlov, Gulshan Sharma, Elena E. Makhaeva, Yingping Zou, Mukhamed L. Keshtov, and S. A. Kuklin

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, chemistry, Absorption spectroscopy, Chemical engineering, Polymer, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Conjugated system, Chromophore, Ternary operation, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), HOMO/LUMO, Polymer solar cell
Abstract

The development of conjugated polymers with wide absorption spectra is imperative to achieve high efficiency in polymer solar cells (PSCs), since most of these polymers usually absorb only a limited range of the solar spectrum. Random terpolymers consisting of three blocks (one electron-donor and two electron-acceptor blocks) are promising p-type polymers for PSCs, because the inclusion of a third block in the polymer macromolecules provides a synergistic effect of physical properties, such as absorption capacity, charge transfer, HOMO/LUMO energy levels, and photovoltaic characteristics. In this regard, we have developed and synthesized random terpolymers consisting of two different chromophores (DPP and BFCTP) with complementary absorption spectra as co-acceptor blocks in conjugated donor–acceptor (D–A) copolymers. Random copolymers exhibit both broad absorption and low HOMO levels favoring short-circuit current and idle voltage in PSCs. It is expected that new terpolymers consisting of one electron-donor unit and two electron-acceptor moieties will make a significant contribution to the development of highly efficient PSCs. It is expected that new ternary copolymers consisting of one electron-donor unit and two electron-acceptor fragments will make a significant contribution to the development of high-performance PSСs.

Published
2020
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25. Changes in the management of patients with acute coronary syndrome – have the disease outcomes changed?

Author

V. A. Brazhnik, A. S. Galyavich, Tereshchenko Sn, M G Glezer, E. D. Kosmacheva, D. A. Zateyshchikov, M. A. Chichkova, N. R. Khasanov, N. A. Koziolova, V. O. Konstantinov, Boeva Oi, L. O. Minushkina, and Khorolets Ev

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Acute coronary syndrome, Disease outcome, medicine.medical_treatment, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Revascularization, Diabetes Complications, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, medicine, Humans, In patient, 030212 general & internal medicine, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Aged, business.industry, Mortality rate, Middle Aged, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Coronary death, Observational study, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract

Aim To analyze results of changing the management tactics in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in clinical practice from 2004 through 2018 expressed as improvement in prognosis.Material and methods Results of two observational studies were analyzed: ORACLE I (2004–2007), which included 1193 patients with ACS (mean age, 61.1±11.69 years; men, 63.3 %) and ORACLE II (2014–2017), which included 1652 patients from 4 vascular centers (mean age, 64.61±12.67 years; men, 62.3 %).Results Patients included into the ORACLE II study in 2014 were significantly older and the proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus was greater than in the ORACLE I study (14.7 and 22.6 %, respectively). After matching the groups by major clinical characteristics, it was found that introducing the invasive management tactics for ACS patients was associated with a reduced rate of all-cause death (from 8.2 to 6.1 % for one year), a tendency towards decreased number of coronary death cases (from 5.6 to 4.0 %), and a decrease in risk of recurrent coronary complications (from 17.4 to 7.7 %).Conclusion Implementing the vascular program statistically significantly decreased the total death rate for at least one-year observation in comparable patient groups.

Published
2020
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26. New Donor-Acceptor polymers with a wide absorption range for photovoltaic applications

Author

Zh. Xie, Ganesh D. Sharma, I. E. Ostapov, I. O. Konstantinov, Rakesh Suthar, Mukhamed L. Keshtov, Emmanuel N. Koukaras, and Sergei A. Kuklin

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Band gap, 020209 energy, Energy conversion efficiency, 02 engineering and technology, Polymer, Conjugated system, Electron acceptor, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Photochemistry, Acceptor, Polymer solar cell, chemistry, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology, HOMO/LUMO
Abstract

For conjugated polymers of interest in photovoltaic applications, control of the bandgap as well as the energy levels of the molecules are of great importance to improve the efficiency and performance of the resulting polymer solar cells. A general tactic for adjusting these properties via modification of the conjugated polymer structure is by using different and chosen molecular groups for copolymerization. This communication presents the synthesis of conjugated donor–acceptor type polymers that have the same benzotrithiophene (BTT) donor and different acceptor units, i.e. DPP and fluoro-carbazole substituted thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine (FCTP) denoted as P(BTT-DPP) (P1) and P(BTT-FCTP) (P2), respectively, and their photovoltaic performance using as donor, and non-fullerene acceptor (PDIF) in the bulk heterojunction active layer. The bandgaps as well as the HOMO and LUMO energy levels are effectively tuned. The P(BTT-FCTPZ) structure exhibits a smaller bandgap as compared to P(BTT-DPP) that results from the lower LUMO energy and higher HOMO energy due to the FCTP unit. Having optimized the active layers, the PSCs that were based on P(BTT-DPP) and P(BTT-FCTPZ gave an overall power conversion efficiency of about 9.77% and 10.97%, respectively, using a wide bandgap PDIF non-fullerene acceptor, and 8.38% and 9.05, respectively, using PC71BM as electron acceptor.

Published
2020
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27. CHARACTER OF MANIFESTATION OF NONLINEARITIES FOR VIBRATION DISTURBANCE OF MOTION OF ELLIPSOIDAL RESERVOIR WITH LIQUID WITH A FREE SURFACE

Author

O. Konstantinov, O. Klimenkov, O. Limarchenko, and O. Nefedov

Subjects
Physics, Disturbance (geology), 010102 general mathematics, Motion (geometry), 02 engineering and technology, General Medicine, Mechanics, 01 natural sciences, Ellipsoid, Vibration, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Character (mathematics), 0203 mechanical engineering, Free surface, 0101 mathematics
Abstract

The problem with vibration disturbance of the reservoir of ellipsoidal shape, partially filled with a liquid, is under consideration. For the construction of the model, we use the before developed method, based on the use of non-Cartesian parametrization of the domain, occupied by a liquid. And the method of the auxiliary domain for satisfying boundary conditions on tank walls above the unperturbed free surface of a liquid, where the liquid can pass in its perturbed motion. The liquid is considered as ideal incompressible. The mathematical model of the system is constructed based on the variational formulation of the problem in the form of the Hamilton–Ostrogradskiy principle. The motion of a liquid free surface is given in the form of decomposition with respect to normal modes of oscillations. Amplitude parameters of oscillations of a liquid free surface together with parameters of the translational motion of the reservoir form a complete independent system of parameters, for which the resolving system of ordinary differential equations is constructed. The constructed model includes nonlinear properties of the system and corresponds to the model of the combined motion of the liquid with the reservoir. According to its structure, the model has considerable similarities with the case of the cylindrical reservoir. The practical implementation of the method is done for vibration disturbance of the system motion in the horizontal plane for the case of extended and compressed ellipsoidal reservoirs. The analysis of the character of manifestation of the dynamical behavior of the system in different ranges of frequencies of motion disturbance shows that mainly this system behaves as a system with the soft type of nonlinearities. The system output to the steady mode of oscillations is not observed. Modulation of oscillations of a liquid free surface is considerably manifested for most modes. Increased attention is paid to the study of regularities of variation of a period of the oscillation modulation. It was ascertained that due to compression of the spectrum of liquid oscillations with the increase of the wavenumber, the simultaneous considerable effect of several frequencies is manifested in the system reservoir–liquid, which leads to complex modulation envelope lines.

Published
2020
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28. Synthesis and Optical and Electrochemical Properties of Novel Random Terpolymers Based on Diketopyrrolopyrrole and Benzodithiazole/Quinoxaline Units for Polymer Solar Cells

Author

I. E. Ostapov, S. A. Kuklin, Alexei R. Khokhlov, Gulshan Sharma, Zhoucan Xie, Mukhamed L. Keshtov, E. E. Mahaeva, and I. O. Konstantinov

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Fullerene, Absorption spectroscopy, 010405 organic chemistry, General Chemistry, Polymer, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Acceptor, Polymer solar cell, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Quinoxaline, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Copolymer, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
Abstract

Two new binary polymers (P16, P20) and three random terpolymers (P17, P18, P19) with different ratios of the A1 (DPP) and A2 (BTTQ) acceptors in the polymer chains were developed and synthesized. Their optical and electrochemical properties were studied. The random terpolymers (P17, P18, P19) possess wider absorption spectra than the binary D–A copolymers (P16, P20). It was shown that the position of absorption bands and energy levels can be easily tuned by varying the molar ratios of the two different acceptor units in the terpolymer backbone. The synthesized random terpolymers can be used as efficient donor materials for fullerene and non-fullerene polymer solar cells.

Published
2020
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29. Charcoals in the middle taiga podzols of Western Siberia as an indicator of geosystem history

Author

S. V. Loiko, D. M. Kuz’mina, A. A. Dudko, A. O. Konstantinov, Yu. A. Vasil’eva, A. O. Kurasova, A. G. Lim, and S. P. Kulizhskii

Subjects
радиоуглеродное датирование, генезис почв, почвенные морфоны, Soil Science, Западная Сибирь, Earth-Surface Processes, подзолы, педоантракология
Abstract

A middle-taiga iron-illuvial podzol (Glossic Endogleyic Albic Podzol) was studied on an ancient eolian dune in the Bol’shoi Yugan River basin (the Ob’ River tributary, Surgut region), near the large-scale archaeological research site. The radiocarbon age of 31 charcoals was determined, and 8 variants of the location of charcoal-containing soil zones relative to other morphological patterns were identified. It was proved that charcoal can help in dating the time of mosaic pattern formation, and the development of podzolic horizon coincided with intense wildfires in the second half of the Holocene. It was found that charcoal-containing soil zones first appeared in soils about 5 ka ago. Charcoals older than 5 ka cal. BP were not found. Pyrogenic events became twice more frequent at the beginning of the third millennium BP, with their maximum in the middle of the third millennium BP. The frequency of pyrogenic events decreased noticeably at the very end of the second millennium BP. Many peaks of pyrogenic events during the last five millennia coincided with the periods of archaeological cultures. An assumption that the continuous existence of forest environment leads to the permanent burial of charcoal due to fall of a tree accompanied by its uprooting was partially confirmed.

Published
2022

31. Palynological profile and depositional environment of the Ishim formation (upper Miocene) in Tobol-Ishim interfluve, Western Siberia

Author

O. B. Kuzmina, I. V. Khazina, P. V. Smirnov, A. O. Konstantinov, and A. R. Agatova

Abstract

For the first time some outcrops of the Upper Miocene Ishim Formation on the south of Tyumen Area near Pyatkovo, Masali and Bigila villages are studied by palynological method in detail. A series of mineralogical analyzes of these sediments and radiocarbon analysis of the Quaternary sediments overlying the Ishim Formation are done. Four palynocomplexes (PC) are established in the Ishim Formation: PC1 with Botryococcus; PC2 with Botryococcus, Sigmopollis; PC3 with Alnus, Polypodiaceae, Botryococcus, Sigmopollis; PC4 with Betula, Alnus, Corylus. The layers with PC1, PC2 и PC3 are traced in two outcrops near Masali and Bigila Villages. PC4 is revealed from the sands and aleuropelits of the outcrop near Pyatkovo Village, it is characterized by a significant content of diverse pollen of temperate termophylic broad-leafed taxa and by the presence of rare typical Miocene elements (Таxodiaceae, Nyssa, Tsuga). The PC3 and PC4 are compared with the complexes well known from the Neogene sediments of Western Siberia. PC5 with Betula, Herbae, Fungi is revealed from the bedded silts overlying the Ishim Formation in Masali outcrop. Previously, these sediments were attributed to the Late Miocene Pavlodar Formation. The composition and the structure of PC5 allowed making an assumption about Quaternary age of the enclosing sediments. Radiocarbon analysis of the organic substance from the silts showed, that these sediments were accumulated in the Late Pleistocene (Sartan Ice Age). For the first time the information about microphytoplankton (Botryococcus, Pediastrum, Zygnemataceae, Sigmopollis) and other nonpollen palynomorphs, contained in Ishim Formation (Upper Miocene) and in Pleistocene sediments, is given. On palynological data, some stages of development of the Late Miocene Ishim Basin and the type of vegetation surrounding this basin are considered. The depositional environment of Pleistocene sediments (Masali outcrop) is reconstructed.

Published
2019
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32. Conversion of Gaseous Hydrocarbons in Cold Electron-Beam Plasma

Author

V. O. Konstantinov, V. I. Fedoseev, S. A. Gorodetskii, V. G. Shchukin, and R. G. Sharafutdinov

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Chemical process, Materials science, 010405 organic chemistry, General Chemical Engineering, Plasma activation, Continuous reactor, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, General Chemistry, Plasma, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Catalysis, Fuel Technology, Hydrocarbon, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Physics::Plasma Physics, Geochemistry and Petrology, Cathode ray, Physics::Chemical Physics, Syngas
Abstract

A new method for plasma-assisted reforming of hydrocarbon gases is briefly described, and the results of oxidative (without the synthesis gas stage) and nonoxidative conversion to new gaseous and liquid products are exemplified. The method is based on the unique property of cold plasma, the dramatic acceleration of chemical processes due to the plasma activation of particles, which makes it possible to enhance reactions in small flow reactors without the use of catalysts.

Published
2019
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33. Deposition of Amorphous and Microcrystalline Films of Silicon by the Gas-Jet Plasma-Chemical Method

Author

V. O. Konstantinov, V. G. Shchukin, and R. G. Sharafutdinov

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Amorphous silicon, Materials science, Silicon, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (electronics), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Amorphous solid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallinity, Microcrystalline, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Deposition (phase transition), Thin film, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Uniform thin films of amorphous and microcrystalline silicon are obtained within the forevacuum range of pressures by the gas-jet plasma-chemical method with the activation of gas by an electron beam. The effect of the flow rate of the carrier gas argon, the concentration of monosilane, the pressure in the reaction chamber, material of the substrate, and value of the current of the activating electron beam on the rate of deposition, photosensitivity, and crystallinity of the layers of silicon is investigated. For the amorphous silicon films, deposition rates of >1 nm/s are achieved, and for layers with a crystallinity exceeding 60%, the rate of deposition exceeded 0.6 nm/s. It is found that the substrate material does not have an effect on the structure of the deposited layers of silicon and the rate of their deposition.

Published
2019
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34. Correction of hypertriglyceridemia in order to reduce the residual risk in atherosclerosis-related diseases. Expert Council Opinion

Author

Kukharchuk Vv, Yu. Sh. Khalimov, I. V. Sergienko, M. G Bubnova, I. G. Gordeev, E I Tarlovskaya, N. M. Akhmedzhanov, M. V. Yezhov, Victor S. Gurevich, Yu. A. Karpov, A. S. Galyavich, A I Martynov, S. A. Urazgildeeva, G P Arutyunov, Ya A Orlova, V. O. Konstantinov, A. V. Panov, Marina Vladimirovna Shestakova, S. A. Saiganov, V V Skibitsky, Mikhail I. Voevoda, E. M. Nifontov, O. M. Drapkina, A. S. Alieva, S. V. Nedogoda, and Sergey Boytsov

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, residual risk of cardiovascular complications, hypertriglyceridemia, Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Overweight, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, cardiovascular disease, Internal medicine, medicine, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, In patient, 030212 general & internal medicine, chemistry.chemical_classification, Risk level, Fenofibrate, omega-3 pufas, business.industry, Hypertriglyceridemia, fenofibrate, medicine.disease, Residual risk, chemistry, RC666-701, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Polyunsaturated fatty acid, medicine.drug
Abstract

In opinion the Expert council provides management tactics for patients with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). It is demonstrated that HTG is a common condition in overweight patients and is an important component of residual risk. HTG creates additional conditions for the progression of atherosclerosis, so the level of triglycerides (TG) is recommended to be measured in patients with a high, very high and extremely high risk level. An indication for the appointment of drugs that reduce the concentration of TG is its level of more than 2,3 mmol/L. Statins are the agents of choice to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in high-risk patients with hypercholesterolemia and HTG. Fenofibrate is used to correct HTG, and in case of intolerance to it or when the target level of TG is not reached, omega-3 ethers of polyunsaturated fatty acids in a dose of 2-4 g/day are recommended. In patients with HTG with a TG level >5,6 mmol/L, fenofibrate is the agent of choice.

Published
2019
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35. Protection of the public in a large-scale radiation accident: mitigation of negative social consequences of protective actions. Part 1. Interpretation of dose characteristics of emergency

Author

Yu. O. Konstantinov

Subjects
Value (ethics), radiation accident, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, R895-920, population, Sample (statistics), Conservatism, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, 0302 clinical medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, protective actions, QC794.95-798, fukushima-1 accident, education, chernobyl accident, Socioeconomic status, education.field_of_study, Radioactivity and radioactive substances, Actuarial science, emergency, Internal radiation, Radiation exposure, Social protection, critical group, Psychology
Abstract

The protective actions which were carried out with the purpose to reduce public exposure to radiation derived from the accidents at Chernobyl and Fukushima-1 nuclear power plants have caused negative consequences of social – psychological both social-economic character and medical nonradiological consequences. The corresponding damage put to the population of involved territories and to the entire society has considerably exceeded hypothetical benefit of aversion of radiation exposure. In the present study some possible ways of aprioristic maintenance of mitigation of the social damage accompanying realization of anti-radiation protective actions at large-scale radiation accident are considered. For the characteristic of total amount of the damage caused by protective actions, the scale of radiation and social protection in terms of a population of officially involved territories is accepted. The analysis of decisions on protection of the population in the Russian Federation against consequences of Chernobyl accident shows that at concrete radiation situation scales of protective actions differ more than on the order of magnitude, depending on criteria of decision-making and their administrative realization. Another factor that determines the scale of the accident is the degree of conservatism in the assessment of the radiation situation. The analysis of results of individual dosimetric examination of inhabitants of the western districts of the Bryansk region has shown steady values of statistical characteristics of distribution of the individual doses of an external and internal radiation caused by Chernobyl accident, according to which the value of 95% quantile of distribution in 2–3 times exceeds the average value at an examined sample of the population. Thus, application of the concept of “representative person» leads to overestimation of projected doses concerning to those corresponding to stochastic radiation effects. The results of such overestimation are expansion of scales of protective actions, prolongation of emergency, increase in accompanying social damage. As one of the ways to maintain aprioristic mitigation of social damage accompanying protective actions, the following position is offered. At a stage of an emergency, when there is enough information to consider, that the maximal public exposure to radiation will not achieve thresholds of deterministic effects, the decisions on protective actions violating normal human beings and socioeconomic functioning of territory is justified to accept on the basis of doses for the average person, instead of those for the most exposed people.

Published
2019

36. Conjugated random terpolymers based on benzodithiophene, diketopyrrolopyrrole, and 8,10‐bis(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐di(nonadecan‐3‐yl)bis[1,3]thiazolo[4,5‐ f :5′,4′‐ h ]thieno[3,4‐ b ]quinoxaline for Efficient Polymer Solar Cell

Author

Zhiyuan Xie, Mukhamed L. Keshtov, Sergei A. Kuklin, Ganesh D. Sharma, Elena E. Makhaeva, I. O. Konstantinov, Dmitrii Y. Godovsky, and I. E. Ostapov

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Quinoxaline, Polymers and Plastics, chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Polymer chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Conjugated system, Polymer solar cell
Published
2019
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37. Register of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and patients of very high cardiovascular risk with lipid-lowering therapy underperformance (RENESSANS)

Author

M. V. Yezhov, S. A. Bliznyuk, N. A. Tmoyan, T. A. Rozhkova, D. V. Duplyakov, V. A. Salchenko, M. A. Kachkovsky, I. I. Shaposhnik, V. V. Genkel, V. S. Gurevich, S. А. Urazgildeeva, A. V. Tregubov, M. V. Muzalevskaya, S. S. Bazhan, O. V. Timoshchenko, I. A. Urvantseva, K. G. Kozhokar, A. A. Sokolov, V. V. Tishko, O. I. Boyeva, E. V. Bolotova, A. M. Namitokov, Yu. B. Kushnaryova, T. Yu. Kuznetsova, V. A. Korneva, D. Yu. Bogdanov, E. E. Chichina, V. M. Solovyov, A. I. Ershova, A. N. Meshkov, V. I. Makogonenko, A. S. Galyavich, D. I. Sadykova, B. V. Pomogaybo, O. L. Barbarash, V. V. Kashtalap, E. A. Shutemova, I. G. Isaeva, R. A. Khokhlov, V. E. Oleynikov, I. V. Avdeeva, V. V. Malakhov, U. V. Chubykina, V. O. Konstantinov, A. S. Aliyeva, V. V. Ovsyannikova, G. I. Furmenko, T. M. Chernykh, O. E. Abashina, A. R. Dzhanibekova, E. S. Slastnikova, L. F. Galimova, P. D. Duplyakova, and M. I. Voyevoda

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Familial hypercholesterolemia, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, registry, atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Blood serum, High-density lipoprotein, Internal medicine, medicine, very high risk, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, In patient, 030212 general & internal medicine, PCSK9 Inhibitors, Anamnesis, familial hypercholesterolemia, Cholesterol, business.industry, medicine.disease, chemistry, RC666-701, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Very high risk
Abstract

Aim. Russian multicenter register of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) was transformed into Register of patients with FH and very high cardiovascular risk with insufficient effect of hypolipidemic therapy (RENESSANS Registry) in 2017 The aim of RENESSANS was maximal inclusion of patients not only with FH, but also those with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVD), who did not achieve targeted level of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) using hypolipidemic drug therapy. Material and methods. The RENESSANS Registry is an open, national, observing study that includes patients with definite and probable (according to Dutch lipid clinic network and Simon Broome Registry criteria) heterozygous and homozygous FH, as well as patients of very high cardiovascular risk. There were designed two register forms: for patients with FH and for very high cardiovascular risk patients. Doctors filled out forms in paper and electronic variants. They took into consideration the risk factors of atherosclerosis and anamnesis of CVD, adherence to diet and hypolipidemic therapy. Concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured in blood serum in all centers. LDL-C level was defined according to Friedewald formula: LDL-C=TC-HDL-C-TG/2,2 (mmol/l). Results. The Registry consisted of 1208 FH patients and 497 patients with very high risk (average age 54±13 and 61±8, respectively, 37% men). Baseline levels of lipids were 9,4±2,3 and 6,9±1,5 mmol/l for TC, 6,6±2,1 and 4,5±1,3 mmol/l for LDL-C, respectively. The frequency of hypolipidemic therapy in both groups is 70%, while targeted level of LDL-C was achieved extremely rarely. Conclusion. The results show insufficient adherence and low effectiveness of standard hypolipidemic therapy both in patients with FH and very high cardiovascular risk. PCSK9 inhibitors are recommended for resistant hypercholesterolemia treatment. The RENESSANS Registry allows to improve FH diagnostics, to assess treatment effectiveness and choose patients who need treatment with PCSK9 inhibitors.

Published
2019

38. New 4,5-diaza-9,9'-spirobifluorene derivative – promising electron acceptor for nonfullerene polymer solar cells

Author

I. O. Konstantinov, S. A. Kuklin, D. Yu. Godovskii, Aleksander S. Peregudov, Yingping Zou, M. L. Keshtov, I. E. Ostapov, I. Yu. Toropygin, A. G. Buyanovskaya, and Alexei R. Khokhlov

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Multidisciplinary, 010405 organic chemistry, General Chemistry, Electron acceptor, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Polymer solar cell, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallography, Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, chemistry, Visible range, Absorption (logic), Cyclic voltammetry, HOMO/LUMO, Derivative (chemistry)
Abstract

A new 4,5-diaza-9,9'-spirobifluorene derivative 8 containing two electron-withdrawing perylenediimide moieties has been synthesized. The compound has been characterized by NMR, elemental analysis, UV spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The HOMO/LUMO energies of compound 8 are –5.81 eV/–3.89 eV; the $$E_{{\text{g}}}^{{{\text{opt}}}}$$ = 1.75 eV, and $$E_{{\text{g}}}^{{{\text{ec}}}}$$ = 1.92 eV. Low HOMO/LUMO energies and strong absorption in the visible range of the UV spectrum point to the possibility to use compound 8 as a promising electron acceptor for nonfullerene polymer solar cells.

Published
2019
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39. Correction of Hypertriglyceridemia as the Way to Reduce Residual Risk in Diseases Caused by Atherosclerosis. Conclusion of the Advisory Board of the Russian Society of Cardiology, the Russian Scientific Medical Society of Therapists, the Eurasian Association of Therapists, the Russian National Atherosclerosis Society, the Russian Association of Endocrinologists, and the National League of Cardiologic Genetics

Author

G P Arutyunov, Marina Vladimirovna Shestakova, I. G. Gordeyev, Victor S. Gurevich, Yu. A. Karpov, Marat V. Ezhov, Kukharchuk Vv, E I Tarlovskaya, S. A. Urazgildeyeva, M. I. Voyevoda, M. G Bubnova, Yu. Sh. Khalimov, N. M. Akhmedzhanov, Oxana Drapkina, E. M. Nifontov, S. A. Sayganov, S. V. Nedogoda, I. V. Sergiyenko, A. S. Aliyeva, V V Skibitskiy, V. O. Konstantinov, А. S. Galyavich, Ya A Orlova, A. V. Panov, A I Martynov, and Sergey Boytsov

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, residual risk of cardiovascular complications, hypertriglyceridemia, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, Triglyceride level, RM1-950, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Pharmacological treatment, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, Pharmacology (medical), In patient, 030212 general & internal medicine, Fenofibrate, Triglyceride, business.industry, Hypertriglyceridemia, fenofibrate, medicine.disease, cardiovascular diseases, Residual risk, chemistry, RC666-701, Test triglyceride, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Tactics for the management of patients with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is provided in the conclusion of the Advisory Board. It is demonstrated that HTG is quite prevalent in patients with excessive body weight and is an important component of residual risk. HTG creates additional conditions for the progression of atherosclerosis, and thus it is recommended to test triglyceride in patients with high, very high and extremely high cardiovascular risk. The indication for the pharmacological treatment to reduce the triglycerides concentration is their level more than 2.3 mmol/l. Statins are drugs of choice aimed to decrease the cardiovascular risk in patients with hypercholesterinemia and HTG. Fenofibrate is used to correct HTG; in case of its intolerance or if the triglyceride target level is not reached, ethyl esters of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid can be used in the dosage of 2-4 g daily. In patients with triglyceride level higher than 5.6 mmol/l, fenofibrate is the main option of treatment.

Published
2019

40. Deposition of Silicon Films Doped with Boron and Phosphorus by the Gas-Jet Plasma-Chemical Method

Author

V. G. Shchukin, V. O. Konstantinov, and R. G. Sharafutdinov

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, Silicon, Doping, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Conductivity, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Amorphous solid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallinity, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Deposition (phase transition), 0210 nano-technology, Boron, Diborane
Abstract

Doped silicon films are fabricated using diborane and phosphine as doping gases by gas-jet plasma-chemical deposition with the application of an electron beam. The influence of the dopant-gas concentration, the addition of a fluorine-containing gas, and the background pressure on the conductivity and crystalline structure of silicon layers is investigated. Boron-doped amorphous films (a-Si:H) with a conductivity up to 5.2 × 10–3 (Ω cm)–1 are fabricated; when doping with phosphorus, microcrystalline silicon films (mc-Si:H) with a crystallinity up to 70% and conductivity at a level of 1 (Ω cm)–1 are fabricated.

Published
2019
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41. Random D1–A1–D1–A2 terpolymers based on diketopyrrolopyrrole and benzothiadiazolequinoxaline (BTQx) derivatives for high-performance polymer solar cells

Author

I. E. Ostapov, Yingping Zou, I. O. Konstantinov, Zh. Xie, Sergei A. Kuklin, A. Yu. Nikolaev, Ganesh D. Sharma, Elena E. Makhaeva, and Mukhamed L. Keshtov

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Chemistry, Photovoltaic system, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, Polymer, Conjugated system, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Acceptor, Catalysis, Polymer solar cell, 0104 chemical sciences, Chemical engineering, High performance polymer, Materials Chemistry, Copolymer, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

We synthesized and characterized a series of new random terpolymers composed of two electron-accepting blocks, diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and benzothiadiazolequinoxaline (BTQx), and one electron-donating benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (BDT) unit with different molar ratios of the BTQx block to DPP block (25%, 50%, and 75% BTQx). The random terpolymers compositional effects on the physicochemical properties and photovoltaic performances were studied. Different compositions of DPP and BTQx blocks in the conjugated backbone of the terpolymers had a crucial effect on the electrochemical and optical properties of the random terpolymers. These terpolymers were employed as a donor along with PC71BM as an acceptor for solution-processed polymer solar cells. Among all the terpolymers, P13 (BDT–DPP50–BTQx50) with a monomer composition of BTQx and DPP (50 : 50) blocks showed excellent light-collecting ability, high charge-carrier mobility, and a low-lying HOMO energy level. PSCs based on P13 (BDT–DPP50–BTQx50) exhibited a Voc of 0.86 V, a Jsc of 15.74 mA cm−2, and an FF of 0.68, leading to a high PCE of 9.20%, which is higher than that for D–A copolymers, i.e., P11 (7.37%) and P15 (8.11%). These results demonstrate that random terpolymerization is a simple and practical approach for optimization of a conjugated polymer donor for efficient polymer solar cells.

Published
2019
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42. New Wide Bandgap Conjugated D‐A Copolymers Based on BDT or NDT Donor Unit and Anthra[1,2‐b:4,3,bʹ:6,7‐cʺ]trithiophene‐8‐12‐dione Acceptor for Fullerene‐Free Polymer Solar Cells

Author

Mukhamed L. Keshtov, Igor O. Konstantinov, Alexie R. Khokhlov, Ilya E. Ostapov, Dimitri Y. Godovsky, Vladimir G. Alekseev, Yingping Zou, Rahul Singhal, Manish Kumar Singh, and Ganesh D. Sharma

Subjects
Polymers and Plastics, Organic Chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics
Published
2022
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43. Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Three 'under' (Understood, Underdiagnosed, and Undertreated) Disease

Author

Vladimir O. Konstantinov

Subjects
03 medical and health sciences, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, 0302 clinical medicine, business.industry, medicine, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), 030212 general & internal medicine, Familial hypercholesterolemia, Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease, business
Abstract

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is one of the most prevalent genetic disorders leading to premature atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. The main cause of FH is a mutation in the LDL-receptor gene that leads to loss of function of these receptors causing high levels of blood cholesterol. The diagnosis of FH is not very easy. Wide screenings are needed to reveal high levels of LDL cholesterol among “healthy” population. If the patient has MI or stroke at an early age, high levels of LDL cholesterol, and tendon xanthomas, the diagnosis of FH becomes much more clear. Genetic testing is a gold standard in the diagnosis of FH. There are several factors, influencing the time course of FH. Smoking males with low levels of HDL cholesterol have an extremely higher risk of death than nonsmoking females with high HDL cholesterol. Management of FH includes low cholesterol diet, statin and ezetimibe treatment, PCSK inhibitors, and LDL aphaeresis. Early and effective treatment influences much the prognosis in FH patients.

Published
2021
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45. New wide band gap π-conjugated copolymers based on anthra[1,2-b: 4,3-b': 6,7-c'] trithiophene-8,12-dione for high performance non-fullerene polymer solar cells with an efficiency of 15.07 %

Author

Mukhamed L. Keshtov, Igor O. Konstantinov, Alexei R. Khokhlov, Sergei A. Kuklin, Vladimir G. Alekseev, Ilya E. Ostapov, Yingping Zou, Rahul Singhal, Hemraj Dahiya, and Ganesh D. Sharma

Subjects
Polymers and Plastics, Organic Chemistry, Materials Chemistry
Published
2022
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46. [Left ventricular global function index as a predictor of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome]

Author

E. D. Kosmacheva, Alekhin Mn, Evdokimova Ma, M. A. Chichkova, N. R. Khasanov, V. A. Brazhnik, D. A. Zateyshchikov, A. S. Galyavich, A. Yu. Kapustina, N. A. Koziolova, Boeva Oi, V. O. Konstantinov, Tereshchenko Sn, Selezneva Nd, Chumakova Os, M G Glezer, V. I. Safaryan, and L. O. Minushkina

Subjects
Male, Acute coronary syndrome, medicine.medical_specialty, Ejection fraction, business.industry, Area under the curve, Stroke Volume, Stroke volume, medicine.disease, Ventricular Function, Left, Echocardiography, Heart failure, Internal medicine, Heart rate, Cardiology, Medicine, ST segment, Humans, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Myocardial infarction, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract

Aim To evaluate the prognostic significance of the left ventricular global function index (LV GFI) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) using echocardiography (EchoCG).Material and methods The LV GFI is an index that integrates LV cavity volumes, stroke volume, and myocardial volume. This study included 2169 patients with ACS (1340 (61.8%) men) aged 64.1±12.6 years from two observational multicenter studies, ORACLE I and ORACLE II. 1800 (83 %) cases were associated with increased concentrations of myocardial injury markers, including 826 (38.1 %) cases of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (MI). The observation was started on the 10th day of clinical condition stabilization and lasted for one year. EchoCG was performed with evaluation of LV GFI, which was calculated as a ratio of LV stroke volume to LV global volume. The LV global volume was calculated as a sum of mean LV cavity volume (LV end-diastolic volume + LV end-systolic volume / 2) and LV myocardial volume.Results The main outcome of the study was all-cause death (n=193); recurrent coronary complications (n=253) were analyzed separately. The only EchoCG parameter indicating an adverse outcome during the one-year follow-up was a LV GFI decrease to below 22.6 % with a sensitivity of 72 % and a specificity of 60% (area under the curve, AUC=0.63). A LV GFI Conclusion In patients with ACS, the left ventricular global function index is an independent predictor for all-cause death and recurrent coronary complications and may be used for risk stratification.

Published
2020

47. [Optimization of lipid-lowering therapy in patients after ischemic stroke. Resolution of the Council of Experts]

Author

Victor S. Gurevich, V. O. Konstantinov, O V Tikhomirova, N A Shamalov, S S Kucherenko, A I Ershova, Marat V. Ezhov, I A Vozniuk, and G A Konovalov

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Lipid-lowering therapy, Brain Ischemia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Ezetimibe, Internal medicine, Hyperlipidemia, medicine, Humans, In patient, cardiovascular diseases, Risk factor, PCSK9 Inhibitors, Stroke, business.industry, Anticholesteremic Agents, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, Ischemic stroke, Cardiology, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Neurology (clinical), Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Proprotein Convertase 9, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract

Hyperlipidemia is the main risk factor for diseases caused by atherosclerosis including ischemic stroke. This publication provides practical recommendations and an algorithm for prescribing lipid-lowering therapy to post-ischemic stroke patients. The algorithm presents the steps for sequential administration of statins, ezetimibe, and PCSK9 inhibitors to achieve target levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.Гиперлипидемия является основным фактором риска развития заболеваний, обусловленных атеросклерозом, к которым относится и ишемический инсульт. В данной публикации представлены практические рекомендации и алгоритм по назначению гиполипидемической терапии пациентам, перенесшим ишемический инсульт. В алгоритме приведены этапы последовательного назначения статинов, эзетимиба и ингибиторов PCSK9 для достижения целевых уровней холестерина липопротеидов низкой плотности.

Published
2020

49. Polymorphism of TNF gene in acute coronary syndrome patients: data from the registries ORACLE I and ORACLE II

Author

V. A. Brazhnik, L. О. Minushkina, A. О. Averkova, Е. A. Zubova, A. A. Rogozhina, М. A. Evdokimova, A. S. Galyavich, S. N. Tereshchenko, N. A. Koziolova, М. G. Glezer, А. V. Jagoda, О. I. Boeva, Е. V. Khoroletz, Е. А. Karmanchikova, V. O. Konstantinov, G. I. Speshilov, Е. N. Dankovtseva, and D. А. Zateishchikov

Subjects
Anamnesis, medicine.medical_specialty, Acute coronary syndrome, Exacerbation, business.industry, tumor necrosis factor, ST elevation, medicine.disease, acute coronary syndrome, RC666-701, Heart failure, Internal medicine, Genotype, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, Medicine, Myocardial infarction, gene, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Stroke
Abstract

Aim . To analyze possible association of the risk of adverse outcomes development in patients post acute coronary episode (ACS), with the polymorphism of gene TNF. Material and methods . To the study, patients included, that were under observation in 2 registry studies ORACLE I and II (Exacerbation of coronary heart disease: logic-probability ways of course prediction and treatment optimization). In overall, 2012 ACS patients assessed. Mean age 64,7±12,69 y.o. There were 1205 males (59,8%) and 807 females (40,2%). 741 patients (36,8%) included with ST elevation ACS, 1271 (63,2%) — with non-ST elevation ACS. Follow-up started at the 10th day from clinical stabilization. Clinical outcomes were gathered based on phone calls with the patients and their relatives, as during the outpatient office visits. Assessment of polymorphisms of gene TNF done with PCR. Results . In the assessed group, the frequency of alleles and gene TNF genotypes were measured: 18 patients carried genotype АА (0,9%), 561 patients — AG (279%), 1433 — GG (71,2%). In those with the allele А gene TNF, more commonly the episodes of SCD were noted (9,8% comparing to 6,6% of GG carriers, p

Published
2018
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