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Magneto-electric coupling offers a new pathway to information storage in magnetic memory devices. This phenomenon has been observed in various materials ranging from insulators to semiconductors. In bulk metallic systems, magneto-electric coupling has been disregarded as the electric field cannot enter bulk metals. In this work, we show that a substantial magneto-electric coupling exists in metallic Fe nano-islands grown on Cu(111). Using the electric field in the tunnel junction of a scanning tunneling microscope, the magnetic order parameter and the crystal structure of Fe was changed on the nanometer scale. This allows high density nonvolatile information storage by means of magneto-electric coupling in a simple metallic system.

Fibroids may cause infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss. Studies have analysed the reproductive results after myomectomy according to the size, location and number of fibroids removed, but data are insufficient about comparison of opening the uterine cavity or not during surgery.Two hundred twenty-nine abdominal myomectomies with the indication of infertility and/or recurrent pregnancy loss were analysed retrospectively. The main purpose was to compare postoperative pregnancy, delivery and miscarriage rates according to either the uterine cavity was opened or not during the surgery. As a secondary outcome postoperative pregnancy rates were assessed by location, size and number of fibroids.There was no significant difference in reproductive results according to either the uterine cavity was opened or remained closed. Preoperative location, size and number of fibroids did not influence significantly the postoperative pregnancy rates.Opening the uterine cavity does not impair postoperative pregnancy rates. Preoperative location, size and number of fibroids do not influence postoperative reproductive results.

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate whether abdominal myomectomy could be a choice for patients with symptomatic fibroids above the age of 48 years, who wish to get hormonal replacement therapy and desire to retain their uterus. Methods We performed 504 abdominal myomectomies between 1990 and 2004. The mean age was 33 ± 4.09 years, 9 (1.8%; 9/504) patients were above 48 years and 6 (1.19%; 6/504) of them requested hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) after the enucleation of fibroids. Data of these nine cases were compared to a matched control group of patients who had hysterectomy in the same year in 3 months to those who underwent abdominal myomectomy with same indications for surgery, same location, size and number of fibroids. The main aim of our study was to compare perioperative morbidity, duration of hospital stay between myomectomy and hysterectomy groups and determine the recurrence of fibroids and/or symptoms in 1 year with HRT in the myomectomy group. Results The perioperative morbidity did not differ between the compared groups. In the myomectomy group with 1-year HRT we did not observe the recurrence of fibroids and symptoms. Conclusion Our data suggest that abdominal myomectomy may be a satisfactory option for perimenopausal women with symptomatic fibroids who wish to retain their uterus and get HRT.

In our college-based golf course, our method is based upon the cuing properties that the alphabetical shapes provide. By abstracting the various positions of the golf swing into the formula, L + Y ...

The quantitative analysis of the reaction products of the water activity dependent nonenzymatic glycosylation of lysozyme was not straightforward. Difficulties arose in the determination of the number of bound glucose molecules because glycosylation leads to glucose mediated protein aggregation, and the likely presence of a mixture of relatively labile Schiff-base intermediates, and the more stable ketoamine products generated by Amadori rearrangement. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to monitor protein aggregation; periodate oxidation, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and oxalic acid hydrolysis combined with HPLC, emerged as the most promising methods to quantitate the degree of glycosylation. Possible interpretations are advanced to explain the apparent discrepancies in degree of glycosylation suggested by the different analytical methods evaluated.

X-ray absorption, resonant x-ray emission, and x-ray photoelectron spectra of the valence band and core levels have been measured for LixCoO2 (0.6

The electronic structure of the single molecule magnet system M[Fe(L)2]3*4CHCl3 (M=Fe,Cr; L=CH3N(CH2CH2O)2) has been studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, soft X-ray emission spectroscopy, and density functional calculations. There is good agreement between theoretical calculations and experimental data. The valence band mainly consists of three bands between 2 eV and 30 eV. Both theory and experiments show that the top of the valence band is dominated by the hybridization between Fe 3d and O 2p bands. From the shape of the Fe 2p spectra it is argued that Fe in the molecule is most likely in the 2+ charge state. Its neighboring atoms (O,N) exhibit a magnetic polarisation yielding effective spin S=5/2 per iron atom, giving a high spin state molecule with a total S=5 effective spin for the case of M = Fe., Fig.2 replaced as it will appear in J. Chem. Phys

Objective To examine whether the timing of pronuclear breakdown can be a predictor of embryo quality and viability. Design Retrospective comparison of the development and quality of early and late developing zygotes. Setting Infertility and endocrinology unit in a university hospital. Patient(s) One thousand seven hundred eighty-two zygotes obtained in 383 consecutive IVF cycles. Intervention(s) Culture of all fertilized embryos. Main Outcome Measure(s) Number of fertilized zygotes showing early pronuclear breakdown at 22–25 hours postinsemination, embryo quality, pregnancy rates (PR), implantation rates. Result(s) Early pronuclear breakdown embryos had a significantly higher cell number (4.4 ± 1.2) compared with the late pronuclear breakdown embryos (3.6 ± 1.4). When comparing the frequency of the early pronuclear breakdown embryos according to the method of fertilization, we failed to find any significant difference between the IVF (37.1%) and the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) (41.1%) groups. The transfer of early pronuclear breakdown embryos resulted in a significantly higher clinical pregnancy rate than those with late pronuclear breakdown (48.3% vs. 27.3%). The implantation rate was higher in the early pronuclear breakdown group than in the late pronuclear breakdown group (26.5% vs. 15.1%). Conclusion(s) Early pronuclear breakdown is a strong indicator of embryo viability, and may be used as an additional criterion in the selection of embryos for transfer.

In this article, the authors describe the steps in the development of a Crohn and colitis support group for teenagers age 11-18 years and their parents. The use of support groups has been described in the literature as a method of assisting families in dealing with the challenges of chronic illness. The Crohn's Disease and Colitis Foundation of America (CCFA) Self-Help Support Group design was modified to address the developmental needs of teens. Nine families agreed to attend six support group sessions (first hour: for education; second hour: for support). A survey at the end of the sessions indicated that the teens and their parents had more positive attitudes towards Inflammatory Bowel Disease as a result of their participation in the support group. The design for a support group for teens and families with Inflammatory Bowel Disease is a model applicable to other types of healthcare support groups.

Treatment with lornoxicam 4 mg twice daily for 14 d did not produce any change in salivary antipyrine elimination in 11 of 12 healthy volunteers. Anomalous results in one subject are presented and discussed.

Lornoxicam is a new, highly potent antirheumatic agent which is an oxicam derivative. Although highly potent as a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, the compound does not cause inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase and does not appear to shunt arachidonic acid through this cascade. This powerful inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase has manifested itself as highly potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in animal studies and also prevented the bone destruction which normally occurs in the adjuvant polyarthritic rat. To explain this finding, studies have demonstrated that lornoxicam inhibits polymorphonuclear (PMN)-leukocyte migration; inhibits the release of superoxide from human PMN-leukocytes; inhibits the release of platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) from human platelets and stimulates the synthesis of proteoglycans in cartilage in tissue culture. Lornoxicam is well absorbed and has a plasma t1/2 in man of 4 hours which is distinctly different from other oxicams. It is metabolized in animals and in man to the 5'-hydroxy-metabolite which is inactive in pharmacological tests. In vitro and in vivo animal safety studies have demonstrated both subchronically and chronically that lornoxicam manifests no unusual toxicity, is not a mutagen nor is it tumorigenic and causes no fetal teratogenicity in reproduction studies.

Clinical phase I pharmacokinetic studies with lornoxicam were performed with the 4 mg dose of lornoxicam. Lornoxicam was administered as an aqueous solution both orally and intravenously to young, healthy, male volunteers. The total excretion of lornoxicam via urine and faeces after oral administration was determined by administering 14C-labelled compound. The results show that the parent compound and the main metabolite, 5'-hydroxy-lornoxicam, were found in plasma. However, in urine, no lornoxicam was detected, only 5'-hydroxy-lornoxicam. After oral as well as intravenous administration, a short terminal half-life of lornoxicam in the range of 4-5 hours was found. Given orally as solution, lornoxicam was rapidly and almost completely absorbed.

Ausgehend von Phenolen bestimmter Konstitution kann man mit Hilfe der o-Benzochinol-acetate durch Ringerweiterung mit Diazomethan—Bortrifluorid zu Troponen mit derselben Substituentenfolge gelangen1. Als Nebenprodukte treten die in Stellung 5 methylierten Chinolacetate und Tropone auf. Durch Variation der Substituenten in Stellung 1 und 5 des o-Cyclohexadienon-systems ist es moglich, die Ringerweiterung oder die Methylierung in Position 5 zur Hauptreaktion zu machen.

Es wird die Oxydation von Phenolen untersucht, die neben anderen Substituenten in einer o-Stellung Isopropyl-,sec.-Butylodertert.-Butylreste tragen2. Die erhaltenen o-Chinolacetate sind von Interesse, weil nach erfolgtem Umsatz aus den erhaltenen verschiedenen Reaktionsprodukten die genannten Reste entfernt werden konnen3.

Zur Synthese substituierter m-Aminophenole sind die durch Bleitetraacetat-oxydation von substituierten Phenolen zuganglichen o-Benzochinol-acetate geeignet1.

Es wird die Synthese einer Anzahl von 1,3-Dioxolan-4-onen und 1,3-Oxathiolan-5-onen beschrieben und uber eine pharmakologische Prufung dieser Substanzen berichtet.

Durch Hydrierung von methylsubstituierten o-Chinondiacetaten gelingt es, reine Brenzcatechinmonoacetate zu erhalten. In mehreren Fallen tritt im Laufe der Hydrierung Umesterung ein; d. h. es liegt der ursprungliche Oxosauerstoff in Form einer Acetatgruppierung vor. Es wird aber auch ein Fall beschrieben, bei dem diese Umesterung nicht eintritt.

Lidaprim, a new bactericidal combination of trimethoprim and sulfametrol, was administered to 20 patients of a paediatric surgical ward over a period of 7 or more days. Analytic determination of plasma and urine concentrations of the chemotherapeutic agent showed homogeneous drug levels at the chosen dosage. No cumulation was observed. Drug tolerance was excellent. Only one patient developed urticaria when the substance was given together with penicillin, but it was not necessary to stop medication in this case.

A complex winter storm occurred in eastern United States on 14–15 January 1980. During its passage, five sequential samples of precipitation were collected at State College, Pennsylvania as part of an intensive study of the storm by the Dept. of Meteorology at the Penn State University. Twenty four-hour back trajectories from State College were calculated for each precipitation sample, using the horizontal and vertical winds predicted by a 3D numerical primitive equation model. The source regions of the precipitating atmosphere were then compared with some chemical properties of the rainfall. The rainfall samples were analyzed for the following ions: hydronium (H3O+), sulfate (SO4 =), nitrate (NO3 −), chloride (Cl−) and sodium (Na+) among others. Some of the concentrations changed significantly during the period of the precipitation event. Of perhaps greatest interest is the ratio of Cl− to Na+ (Cl−/Na+) which decreased from values of 0.9 and 1.15 near the beginning of the event to less than 0.6 during the sampling period of about 12 h. Because the Cl−/Na+ ratio in the sea water is 1.18, the data suggest a source region which changes from maritime to continental during the observation period. The transport model results support this hypothesis.

Lidaprim, a bactericidal chemotherapeutical agent, was administered to 10 patients in a children's hospital, in the form of an oval suspension for children. The initial dosage was given on an empty stomach, the second after a standard meal. The concentrations of the chemotherapeutical agents in the plasma and the urine were chemically analysed. The bio-availability of the preparation was very good. A standard meal, taken just before dosage, led to a delay in absorption both for Trimethoprim and Sulfametrol. In the period under surveillance, 0-12 hours after administration, an absorption loss could be calculated from the plasma and urine levels in the case of both Trimethoprim and Sulfametrol. In spite of this effect, adequate plasma and urine levels with a bactericidal action, were achieved with the usual dosage. The clinical success and compatibility of the preparation were good in every single case.

Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined after the oral administration of a single tablet containing 200 mg celiprolol HCl to 8 healthy volunteers with normal kidney function and 6 patients with stable impaired renal function of different degrees of severity. The plasma levels and the urinary excretion of celiprolol were followed up for 48 hours after administration with the help of specific chemo-analytical methods. The substance was equally well absorbed both by healthy volunteers and patients with renal disease. While the cumulative renal excretion (0 to 48 hours after administration) was reduced from 18.2% in healthy volunteers to 2.3% of the applied dose in kidney patients, the global elimination constant k fell from 0.104 h-1 in healthy volunteers to 0.072 h-1 in the patients with renal disease. It can be assumed that in patients with impaired renal function at least a part of the lacking renal elimination of celiprolol can be taken over by "extrarenal elimination". According to the method of Dettli a reduction in dosage of the beta 1-blocker, celiprolol is not necessary in patients with more or less impaired kidney function.

A report is given on the examination of the levels of sulfametrole and trimethoprim in blood and lung tissue of 29 patients with pulmonary tumours of various origin, who were subjected to a pre-operative treatment with 2 tablets 2 times daily of the sulfametrole-trimethoprim combination Lidaprim for an average period of one week because of concurrent bronchopulmonary infections. About 14 hours after the last tablet dose samples of tumour-free lung tissue and blood were removed during the operation and subjected to a chemical analysis of sulfametrole and trimethoprim. The mean blood level of sulfametrole was 30.3 micrograms/ml and of trimethoprim 2.0 micrograms/ml; the mean levels in the lung tissue was 19.2 micrograms/g of sulfametrole and 9.2 micrograms/g of trimethoprim. Trimethoprim via the blood is stored in the lung tissue. The relationship of these results to the good clinical activity of the combination sulfametrole/trimethoprim in the treatment of infections of bacterial origin in the upper and lower airways is discussed.

Studies on the influence of substances on the central nervous system and on the function of the blood-CSF-barrier made long-term cannulation of the CSF compartment interesting. This study was to test, whether a permanent CSF-drainage from any point of the subarachnoid space was possible with modified “tissue cages” (Guyton 1963). For that purpose a steel wire cage and a teflon cage were implanted subarachnoidally into beagle dogs. The two cages stopped draining on the second and on the third day respectively. Histological examination showed, that, because of the strong reaction of animal tissue to implanted material, direct cannulation of the CSF compartment does not seem feasible. In the second part the “Manuilov-system” was modified. An indwelling guiding tube was implanted and fixed with a horseshoe shaped plate to the occipital bone. Puncture can be made on the awake dog without local anaesthetic and produces samples of 1.5 to 2.0 ml CSF for up to 30 days without complications.