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Context: ChatGPT is an AI-based large language model platform capable of mimicking human language patterns by responding to user queries. Although concerns over AI-generated content exist in health care and higher education, the ChatGPT platform can assist athletic training educators in creating academic content to alleviate aspects of their academic workload and responsibilities. Objective: To provide a brief historical overview of ChatGPT, accepted positives and negatives, and examples of how athletic training educators can use ChatGPT for case-based scenario contention creation. Background: The initial development of ChatGPT began in 2018, with its public launch in November 2022. ChatGPT uses machine and in-context learning to replicate human language expression. Since its public launch, students, researchers, educators, clinicians, governments, and companies have sought to determine how to incorporate ChatGPT into their workflow operations. Data Synthesis: Athletic training educators can incorporate ChatGPT into their academic content creation methodology. With the capability of ChatGPT, athletic training educators have the potential to facilitate athletic training student learning more efficiently. Results: ChatGPT can ease the academic workload of athletic training educators while being a beneficial clinical tool that athletic training students may use in their future workplace settings. Recommendation(s): Athletic training educators should consider using ChatGPT or a similar AI-based large language model platform when developing education content and simulation scenarios. Conclusions: ChatGPT can lessen athletic training educator workload and potentially facilitate athletic training student learning.

This article aims to investigate the anti-crisis reforms of the monetary policy of the Federal Reserve System (FRS) of the United States during the global financial crisis, the pandemic period, and the worsening of the military conflict in Ukraine. The study showed a significant decline in inflation due to the reduced demand for goods and services in the first two crises. Under these conditions, the Fed needed unprecedented measures to soften its policy. Repo rates fell to their lowest level during the 2008 crisis but rose during the pandemic, indicating a significant demand for these instruments to ensure stability. Since the 2008 crisis and pandemic, the easing policy has led to an increase in Fed assets. This has significant implications for the ability of monetary policy to respond to today's challenges and has led to the need for very careful control of assets. But in 2022, the Fed had to take measures to curb inflationary trends, in particular raising the discount rate. The regression analysis carried out in the article demonstrates a significant impact of monetary instruments on the consumer price index, which indicates the effectiveness of those methods used by the Fed. The article analyzes the use of traditional and non-traditional monetary policy tools of the Fed in different economic conditions and the possible risks and negative consequences of the use of non-traditional tools, such as quantitative easing and very low interest rates. Although these techniques can support the economy in a crisis, their risks need to be taken into account. The findings contribute to the knowledge of monetary policy as a management tool and provide stakeholders with valuable insights for future strategizing.

Relevance. Intrapersonal emotional competence - the ability to recognize, understand and regulate one's own emotional states - is traditionally considered as a factor in both the ontogenetic development of empathy and its situational manifestation. However, there is a question of different levels and nature of the sources of emotional competence and empathy deficits and, accordingly, different ways to compensate for them, which is of particular importance for the practice of developing empathy, including the professional context of psychological counseling and psychotherapy. Goal. The purpose of this study was to analyze the diversity of connections between empathy, alexithymia as an indicator of the deficit of emotional competence in relation to one's own feelings and psychological mindedness as an indicator of intentionality in relation to feelings and experiences. Materials and methods. On a combined sample of 1,123 people, including representatives of three cultures - Russia, Belarus, Armenia - data from the IRI questionnaire (empathy), TAS–20 (alexithymia) and «The psychological mindedness scale» were collected and analyzed. Results. The absence of significant negative connections of empathy with difficulties of awareness and identification of feelings, a stable significant positive connection with them of empathic personal distress, as well as externally oriented thinking with low empathy were found. 5 clusters have been identified, reflecting different variants of the connection between emotional competence and empathy. Conclusions. The conclusion is made about the relative independence of the influence of intentionality and competence/lack of emotional competence on empathy, as well as the need for further analysis of intentionality in the field of experiences and emotions.

A wide range of negative effects of heavy metals on the body of mammals predetermined the relevance of the search for ways to reduce the toxic effects of these chemical compounds. Solving this problem is possible by using sorbents. The research aims to determine the effect of sorbents on the content of heavy metals (cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc) in the rat tissues. Toxicological, physicochemical, and biochemical methods were used. Phillipsite sorbent reduced the content of copper and zinc in the blood of rats by 1.6 times, cadmium by 2 times and lead by 2.6 times. The content of copper and zinc in rat livers decreased by 1.4 times, and cadmium and lead – by 2 times. The content of the studied metals in kidney tissues decreased by half. A similar decrease in the level in the tissues was noted when using the chabazite sorbent for all heavy metals studied. Administration of the clinoptilolite sorbent into the body of rats contributed to a 2-fold decrease in the blood content of copper and zinc, cadmium, and lead by 2.6 and 3 times, respectively. A 1.6-fold decrease in copper and zinc levels and a 3-fold decrease in cadmium and lead levels were detected in the liver tissues. When mordenite sorbent was administered to animals, the content of copper and zinc in the blood decreased by 1.5 times, and cadmium and lead by 3 times compared to the control. The content of all studied metals in the liver of rats decreased by 2.4 times. The use of these sorbents in animal husbandry will contribute to the reduction of the content of heavy metals in animal tissues, which will ensure the production of high-quality and safe products, as well as contribute to the preservation of human health

To date, the aetiology and molecular mechanisms of the development of fatty hepatosis, which is quite common in mammals, have not yet been sufficiently explained. This pathology requires detailed study not only because of functional disorders of the liver and biliary system, but also because of the high probability of dangerous complications – fibrosis, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to determine marker changes in the phospholipid composition of bile and blood in rats with experimental fatty hepatosis and with the use of corrective therapy. Hepatopathology was modelled in Wistar laboratory rats by intragastric administration of a 4% solution of tetracycline hydrochloride at the rate of 0.25 g/kg body weight for seven days. Using the method of thin-layer chromatography, the phospholipid components of animal bile and blood were studied. It was found that during experimental fatty hepatosis in rats, there was a decrease in the total phospholipid content in bile, mainly due to a decrease in the level of phosphatidylcholine (by 22.4-27.0%), the total fraction of inositol phosphatide and phosphatidylinositol (by 20.0-27.3%), and phosphatidylethanolamine (by 17.5-25.2%). Conversely, the introduction of milk phospholipids in the form of a dietary supplement “FLP-MD” in sick animals contributed to an increase in bile levels of phosphatidylserine by 67.1-99.8%, inositol phosphatide and phosphatidylinositol by 48.6-57.6%, phosphatidylcholine by 38.8-60.2%, phosphatidylethanolamine by 45.6-57.4%, and sphingomyelin by 30.4-46.3%. In the blood of such rats, a significant decrease in the content of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and sphingomyelin was found, which was not observed after administration of the “FLP-MD” dietary supplement to sick animals. In the case of using the supplement in healthy animals, only a 29.3% increase in the blood content of inositol phosphatide and phosphatidylinositol was noted. The determination of the most sensitive indicators in the phospholipid spectrum of blood and bile reveals the features of changes in molecular processes for the development of fatty hepatosis in animals, and also contributes to preclinical tests of the corrective effectiveness of newly created drugs according to established markers

Вступ. Широке розповсюдження запальних захворювань органів малого тазу (ЗЗОМТ) та ризик розвитку ускладнень зумовлюють актуальність проблеми створення нових фармацевтичних композицій для їх лікування. Медикаментозне лікування ЗЗОМТ досить ефективне і має низький ризик виникнення ускладнень. Однак, незважаючи на велику кількість лікарських засобів(ЛЗ) для лікування даної патології, вони не забезпечують повне одужання. Переважну кількість ЛЗ, що зареєстровані на фармацевтичному ринку України, мають однонаправлену фармакотерапевтичну дію, яка зводиться до симптоматичної терапії, не усувають основних причин захворювання: запалення, порушення репаративних процесів, стану та функцій слизових оболонок, а лише тимчасово поліпшують самопочуття. У більшості такі препарати містять активні фармацевтичні інгредієнти (АФІ) хімічного походження. Однак, застосування біологічно активних речовин (БАР) природного походження у складі лікарської форми є перспективною та обумовлено багатонаправленістю їх фармакотерапевтичної дії. Мета: вивчення осмотичної активності модельних зразків супозиторних основ з метою вибору їх оптимального складу. Методи: гравіметричний, описово-аналітичний, статистичний. Результати. Вивчення осмотичної активності модельних зразків супозиторіїв методом дифузії у рідке середовище крізь напівпроникну мембрану показав, що осмотична активність гідрофільних основ в два рази перевищує активність гідрофобних основ, що стало підставою при обґрунтованому виборі гідрофобних модельних зразків супозиторної основи – твердий жир. Вивчення впливу поверхнево-активних речовин (ПАР) на осмотичну активність модельних зразків показав доцільність вибору емульгатора №1 у кількості 3 %. Висновки. Встановлено, що осмотична активність гідрофільних основ в два рази перевищує активність гідрофобних основ, що стало підставою при обґрунтованому виборі гідрофобних модельних зразків супозиторної основи 1 – твердий жир з додаванням емульгатору №1 у кількості 3 %.

The development of empathy at an early age (12-36 months) is gaining more and more attention due to the growing understanding of its importance in motivating care and prosocial behavior. The authors present the results of testing the standardized experimental procedure “simulated adult distress,” which is most often used in foreign psychology to study empathy in young children: the experimenter and the mother in the presence of the child take turns showing signs of pain/discomfort of low intensity for a short time. The study involved 12 girls aged 19-32 months. The children’s behavior was recorded by categories: hypothesis testing, empathic personal distress, empathic concern (care), and prosocial behavior. The study presents descriptions of behavioral manifestations in all the categories as well as a description of the identified phenomenon of repetition of adult behavior in the children aged 22-28 months. The results of the study allow to conclude that the use of the “simulated adult distress” procedure is promising for identifying empathy phenomena characteristic of an early age.

In dairy cows, metabolic disorders are mainly found in the last weeks of the dry period and the first weeks after calving (transit period). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the hormonal regulation of the concentration of glucose and its derivatives in the blood of dairy cows during the transit period. The study was conducted on cows of 2-4 lactations, with a capacity of 7.8-8.2 thousand kg of milk for previous lactation. Blood for research was taken from cows 7-10 days before calving and Days 2-4, Days 10-14, and Days 30-40 after calving. The concentration of glucose in blood plasma was determined by the glucose oxidase method, pyruvate − by the modified Umbright method, lactate – by reaction with paraoxydyphenyl, and hormone content – by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It was established that high-performance dairy cows during the transit period experience substantial changes in carbohydrate metabolism and the functional state of organs and systems, which are aimed at ensuring high productivity. Thus, hypoglycaemia is found in cows within two weeks after calving. At the same time, with a decrease in the concentration of glucose in the blood plasma of cows, the content of pyruvate and lactate increases, as well as the lactate/pyruvate ratio, which indicates an increase in gluconeogenesis. Negative energy balance and increased gluconeogenesis lead to a decrease in the synthesis of insulin and insulin-like growth factor. Compared to the final dry period, on Days 2-4 of lactation, the concentration of leptin in the blood plasma of cows decreased threefold and stayed at a low level until Day 40 of lactation. Plasma cortisol levels were highest on Days 2-4 and 10-14 of lactation. Intensive cortisol synthesis during the period of energy deficiency increases gluconeogenesis, which is possible due to lipolysis and proteolysis. In the first days after calving, the content of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in the blood plasma of cows decreased. Inhibition of thyroid hormone production is a consequence of the physiological regulatory features of this period. Thus, in highly productive cows during the transit period, attention should be paid to maintaining vital body functions and their well-coordinated endocrine regulation, which will ensure a physiologically balanced metabolic rate, successful calving, high milk productivity, and animal health

Вступ. Серед лікарських форм місцевої дії важливе місце займають супозиторії. Їх застосування дозволяє знизити рівень алергічних реакцій, пролонгувати терапевтичний ефект, особливо у вогнищі запалення, збільшити швидкість всмоктування активного фармацевтичного інгредієнта (АФІ), а також у деяких випадках знизити концентрацію АФІ. Дослідження в області створення лікарських засобів (ЛЗ) місцевої дії для лікування ранових та запальних процесів постійно проводяться, однак дані розробки стосуються в основному однокомпонентних препаратів. Асортимент багатокомпонентних препаратів, які здатні впливати на патологічний процес ранового та запального процесу дещо обмежений. В той час як складний етіопатогенез ранових та запальних процесів потребує поліфункціональності ЛЗ: мати антимікробну, протизапальну та анестезуючу дію. Мета: вивчення та встановлення показників якості супозиторіїв. Матеріали та методи дослідження. В ході дослідження були використані методики Державної Фармакопеї України (ДФУ): визначення величини рН водних розчинів супозиторіїв проводили згідно ДФУ I вид., с. 17; визначення часу повної деформації супозиторій проводили згідно до ДФУ 1 вид., с. 505; визначення показника температури плавлення проводили відкритим капілярним методом згідно ДФУ 1 вид., с. 27; визначення показника температура тверднення супозиторій проводили згідно ДФУ 1 вид., с. 29; визначення однорідності маси супозиторіїв проводили згідно ДФУ I вид., с. 70; визначення однорідності вмісту випробування проводили згідно з Доповненням 1 до ДФУ I вид., с. 71. Результати. На основі експериментальних даних можна сертифікувати фізико-хімічні показники супозиторіїв, які відповідають вимогам ДФУ, зокрема: кислотне число не більше 0,5 мг KOH/г, перекисне число – не більше 3 моль/кг, рН 6,0 – 7,5, Середня температура тверднення більше 30 °С, температура плавлення – 37 °С, час деформації не перевищує 15 хв. Індивідуальна маса двох супозиторіїв не відхиляються від середньої маси супозиторіїв на 5 %. Висновки. Встановлено, що розроблені супозиторії відповідають вимогам ДФУ щодо показників кислотного перекисного та йодного чисел. Кислотне число у досліджуваних супозиторіях не перевищувало показника 0,5 мг KOH/г. Перекисне число не перевищувало граничного значення, що становить 3 моль/кг, та йодне число розроблених супозиторіїв вкладалось у межі допустимого. Вивчення величини рН водних розчинів супозиторіїв довело, що показник рН можна нормувати в межах від 6,0 до 7,5. Встановлено, що середня температура тверднення супозиторіїв є вище 30 °С, що відповідає вимогам ДФУ (температура тверднення для супозиторіїв повинна бути не нижче 30 °С). Температура плавлення становить 37 °С, час деформації не перевищує 15 хв, Індивідуальна маса двох супозиторіїв не відхиляються від середньої маси супозиторіїв на 5 %.

Російська агресія спричинила безпрецедентні гуманітарні та соціальні втрати в Україні, серйозне руйнування інфраструктури на території бойових дій, дезорганізацію налагоджених виробничих зв’язків та критичних поставок сировини, часткову втрату зовнішніх ринків збуту й експортного потенціалу. Тому сьогодні перед нашою державою стоїть завдання переходу до воєнної економіки, що є однією з найважливіших передумов перемоги в цій війні. Метою роботи є дослідження стратегічних пріоритетів розвитку економіки України в умовах воєнного часу та вивчення відповідей на сучасні виклики. Об’єктом дослідження є стратегічні пріоритети розвитку економіки України в умовах воєнного часу. Предмет дослідження – сучасні виклики, із якими зіткнулася Україна в умовах воєнного конфлікту. У результаті проведеного дослідження: вивчено сучасний стан економіки України та обґрунтовано основні шляхи відновлення й заходи з відновлення національної економіки в умовах воєнного стану; визначено, що основними завданнями економіки воєнного стану є допомога армії та забезпечення функціонування тилу; визначено, що формування економічної політики в умовах воєнного стану потребує постійного коригування системи управління економікою з метою покращення її стану шляхом моніторингу економічної ситуації, що вкрай необхідно для ухвалення нагальних управлінських рішень в умовах воєнного стану. Основним висновком із проведеного дослідження є підтвердження того, що саме завдяки реалізації стратегічних пріоритетів розвитку економіки в умовах воєнного часу Україна зможе відновити свою економіку та забезпечити сталий розвиток.

The relevance of the scientific study is associated with a substantial spread of hepatic steatosis in domestic animals (up to 40%) and the development of health-threatening complications in the form of cirrhosis of the liver, liver failure, and cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the corrective effectiveness of the “FLP-MD” dietary supplement based on milk phospholipids in relation to the content of triacylglycerols and free fatty acids in the bile of rats with tetracycline-induced hepatic steatosis. Modelling of the drug form of hepatic steatosis was conducted by intragastric administration of a 4% solution of tetracycline hydrochloride at the rate of 0.5 g/kg of animal body weight for seven days. As a corrective therapy, for nine days the animals were intragastrically administered a dietary supplement “FLP-MD” based on milk phospholipids at a dose of 13.5 mg/kg of body weight. At the end of the experiment, bile samples were taken from rats for three hours every 30 minutes, in which the content of triacylglycerols and free fatty acids was determined by thin-layer chromatography. It was determined that the concentration of triacylglycerols in the bile of sick rats at the third hour of its selection is 63.0% lower than the control indicators. In laboratory rats that received a phospholipid-containing supplement against the background of modelling drug-induced hepatosis, this indicator in bile corresponded to the values of the control group. Therewith, the concentration of free fatty acids in bile samples at the third hour of its selection in sick rats was marked by a decrease of 47.2% compared to the control. The use of the dietary supplement under study in sick animals caused an increase in the concentration of free fatty acids in bile by 2.85 times compared to the control, which reduces the intensity of their use for the synthesis of triacylglycerols and prevents the development of fatty liver infiltration. Therefore, the phospholipid-containing dietary supplement is a highly effective corrective agent for impaired metabolism of triacylglycerols and free fatty acids in rats with drug-induced hepatic steatosis. This gives grounds to recommend it as a corrective therapy and for the prevention of the development of hepatic steatosis, especially in the case of the use of tetracycline antibiotics in animals

Nanoparticles (NPs) with reactive oxygen species (ROS)-regulating ability have recently attracted great attention as promising agents for nanomedicine. In the present study, we have analyzed the effects of TiO2 defect structure related to the presence of stoichiometric (Ti4+) and non-stoichiometric (Ti3+ and Ti2+) titanium ions in the crystal lattice and TiO2 NPs aggregation ability on H2O2- and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH)-induced ROS production in L929 cells. Synthesized TiO2-A, TiO2-B, and TiO2-C NPs with varying Ti3+(Ti2+) content were characterized by x-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, small-angle x-ray scattering, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and optical spectroscopy methods. Given the role of ROS-mediated toxicity for metal oxide NPs, L929 cell viability and changes in the intracellular ROS levels in H2O2- and tBOOH-treated L929 cells incubated with TiO2 NPs have been evaluated. Our research shows that both the amount of non-stoichiometric Ti3+ and Ti2+ ions in the crystal lattice of TiO2 NPs and NPs aggregative behavior affect their catalytic activity, in particular, H2O2 decomposition and, consequently, the efficiency of aggravating H2O2- and tBOOH-induced oxidative damage to L929 cells. TiO2-A NPs reveal the strongest H2O2 decomposition activity aligning with their less pronounced additional effects on H2O2-treated L929 cells due to the highest amount of Ti3+(Ti2+) ions. TiO2-C NPs with smaller amounts of Ti3+ ions and a tendency to aggregate in water solutions show lower antioxidant activity and, consequently, some elevation of the level of ROS in H2O2/tBOOH-treated L929 cells. Our findings suggest that synthesized TiO2 NPs capable of enhancing ROS generation at concentrations non-toxic for normal cells, which should be further investigated to assess their possible application in nanomedicine as ROS-regulating pharmaceutical agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study of the role of diamond nanoparticles on 5CB liquid crystal composites with Fe3O4 nanoparticles is presented. Composite ferronematic systems based on the nematic liquid crystal 5CB doped with Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and additionally bound to diamond nanoparticles (DNPs), of a volume concentration of 3.2 mg/mL, 1.6 mg/mL and 0.32 mg/mL, were investigated using both magneto-optical effect and surface acoustic waves (SAWs) to study the role of diamond nanoparticles on the structural properties of ferronematic liquid crystals. The responses of light transmission and SAW attenuation to an external magnetic field were investigated experimentally under a linearly increasing and decreasing magnetic field, respectively. Investigations of the phase transition temperature shift of individual composites were also performed. The experimental results highlighted a decrease in the threshold field in the ferronematic LC composites compared to the pure 5CB as well as its further decrease after mixing Fe3O4 with diamond powder. Concerning the transition temperature, its increase with an increase in the volume fraction of both kinds of nanoparticles was registered. The role of diamond nanoparticles in the structural changes and the large residual light transition and/or attenuation (memory effect) were also observed. The presented results confirmed the potential of diamond nanoparticles in nematic composites to modify their properties which could lead to final applications.

This review article delves into the growing recognition of fractal structures in mesoscale phenomena. The article highlights the significance of realistic fractal-like aggregate models and efficient modeling codes for comparing data from diverse experimental findings and computational techniques. Specifically, the article discusses the current state of fractal aggregate modeling, with a focus on particle clusters that possess adjustable fractal dimensions (Df). The study emphasizes the suitability of different models for various Df–intervals, taking into account factors such as particle size, fractal prefactor, the polydispersity of structural units, and interaction potential. Through an analysis of existing models, this review aims to identify key similarities and differences and offer insights into future developments in colloidal science and related fields.

Context: "Tensegrity" is a structural-organization model initially described in the architecture and design fields. By applying tensegrity design principles to biological structures, scientists have developed "biotensegrity" to explain a complex systems-on-systems structural-organization philosophy for integrated human movements. Objective: To provide a brief historical overview of tensegrity and biotensegrity principles, including recommendations and benefits for integrating these structural models into athletic training education. Background: Tensegrity and biotensegrity structures require constant interaction between continuous tension and discontinuous compression elements that connect through focal adhesion points. During the 1970s and 1980s, scientists applied tensegrity concepts to biological organisms to create an integrated model of human structure and interaction. Since then, biotensegrity has grown as an accepted biological structural model capable of explaining complex and integrated human movements. Synthesis: By teaching tensegrity and biotensegrity principles, athletic training educators can provide athletic training students with a basic and consistent human body structural model. With this knowledge, students can better comprehend the integrated kinetic chain, including current and future prevention, examination, and rehabilitation paradigms. Results: Although absent from the Practice Analysis, seventh edition, and the 2020 Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education curricular content standards, tensegrity and biotensegrity relate to many injury prevention, examination, treatment, and rehabilitation concepts regularly taught in professional athletic training programs. Recommendation(s): Athletic training educators should consider ways to incorporate biotensegrity models into professional athletic training programs to improve critical thinking and whole-person health care principles of athletic training students. Conclusion(s): Integrating tensegrity and biotensegrity principles into professional athletic training programs provides a structural hierarchy of human body organization that athletic training students can apply to a multitude of current and future methodical approaches.

Introduction: Arterial hypertension (AH) coexists with such conditions as obesity, insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia, that is, interrelated metabolic disorders that characterize the metabolic syndrome (MS). The aim of the study was to establish relationships between components of MS and chronotype, level of daytime sleepiness, and dispositional optimism in patients with AH. Methods: The study included 42 patients diagnosed with stage 2 essential AH. To study the chronotype, we used the validated questionnaire “Composite Scale of Morningness” and scales from official available sources. Dispositional optimism (LOT-R) was assessed using a questionnaire adapted from O.A. Sychova. Epworth scale was used to assess the severity day sleepiness. Laboratory parameters were determined using commercially available kits. Results: The main components of the MS are found in more than half of the patients with AH, of which 61.90% have abdominal obesity, 42.86% have hypertriacylglycerolemia, 26.19% have hyperglycemia, and 66.67% have a decrease in HDL-C levels. Patients with AH with diagnosed components of MS have an evening chronotype, daytime sleepiness, and low optimism is diagnosed to the same extent as patients without MS. At the same time, evening (53.85%) and intermediate (38.46%) chronotypes are found in patients with abdominal obesity, and the frequency of daytime sleepiness registration, and a low level of optimism does not depend on the presence of abdominal obesity; patients with dyslipidemia are characterized by low optimism, evening and intermediate chronotypes, and severe daytime sleepiness; and a glucose level ≥5.6 mmol/l is registered in most patients with an evening chronotype. Conclusion: The research conducted showed significant relationships between abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and evening chronotype, daytime sleepiness, and low optimism in patients with AH.

The purpose of the article is to consider the method of accounting for settlements with debtors and creditors and to determine directions for its improvement. Methodology. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is a systematic approach to the study of practical accounting tools for settlement transactions. In the process of research and systematization of the obtained results, general scientific and special methods were used: abstract-theoretical, historical, dialectical, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, formalization and comparison. Results. It has been proven that the quality of accounting organization is important today, as it contributes to the organization of information, transparency and reliability of data on transactions with debtors and creditors, and also provides minimum guarantees of reality, completeness and legality of the given information on calculations for users of financial statements. Timeliness of payments is important for both the debtor and the creditor, and its provision depends to a large extent on the correct organization of accounting and day-to-day control. The availability of information on the amount of bad and overdue debts in the financial statements of economic entities would allow both internal and external users to make effective management decisions, which is extremely important in the context of European integration of the domestic economy. Practical implications. It is proposed to make an improvement that will unite all information about receivables and payables, make it integral and allow users, in particular the head of the enterprise, to receive complete information about the state of indebtedness to debtors and creditors for received goods and services, provided works. The analytical accounting statement of the extended balance to account 63 "Settlements with suppliers and contractors" will help in practical activities to prevent errors in the presentation of information in financial statements, and management personnel to make operational management decisions. It is possible to solve the problems of the company's accounts payable accounting by improving the procedure of applying individual elements of the accounting method on the basis of identifying systemic connections between them. The information from the above analytical accounts to account 66 "Settlements for Employee Benefits" will allow management to track salary trends not only by employee groups but also by type of benefit. For the rational organization of accounting of accounts payable at enterprises, it is suggested to use a special analytical table, which will highlight the debt in the section of each supplier according to contracts, the terms of debt repayment according to the schedule and actually. This document must reflect all transactions the company has made with a particular supplier during the year (receipt of goods and services for a particular delivery; receipt of a subscription for a particular delivery; payment of arrears for a previously received delivery). Value/originality. The above-mentioned possibilities will contribute to the improvement of the organization and accounting of the accounts, to the reduction of receivables and payables, and to the strengthening of the financial position of the company.

The purpose of the article is the method of analysis of settlements with debtors and creditors and determination of directions for their improvement. Methodology. In the process of solving the tasks of scientific research, general and special methods of research were applied: descriptive-analytical method, systematic approach, method of analysis and synthesis, method of systematization, method of comparison, method of scientific generalization. Results. It has been proved that the anti-crisis management system should provide a proper approach to the enterprise's debts, for their effective management, ensure the optimal ratio of receivables and payables, prevent their overdue occurrence, systematically monitor payments. The current state of enterprise settlements is characterized by an unsatisfactory level of payment discipline of subjects of economic activity and requires strengthening of their control both by state authorities in the sphere of economic policy implementation and by enterprises themselves. It was determined that the main source of information is regulatory acts, accounting data and the main stages of analysis of accounting transactions. The analysis of the company's receivables allows to estimate the possible amount of income that can be received in the form of fines, penalties and fines from the debtors who are in arrears. Characteristics of qualitative changes of liabilities in the structure of the company's liabilities can be obtained using horizontal and vertical analysis of the balance sheet. Horizontal analysis allows to compare indicators of liabilities for different periods. The necessity of analyzing the dynamics of the accounting operations of a business entity is covered. The existence of overdue receivables, especially bad debts, which are classified as doubtful debts, as well as an unjustified increase in receivables in general, adversely affects the financial position of the Company and leads to a shortage of financial resources. Bad debts are eliminated by writing them off against the company's losses as receivables for which the statute of limitations has expired. Special attention should be paid to the date of incurrence of the payable debt, the term of its repayment, the time of delay in the return of the debt, the reasons for its incurrence. Practical implications. It is possible to accelerate the repayment of receivables by getting acquainted with the financial condition of buyers and gaining confidence in their further solvency, timely execution of settlement documents, granting discounts to buyers for shortening the terms of payment of invoices, introducing penalties for late payments, releasing goods to buyers on prepayment terms, etc. In order to effectively manage the liabilities of Trans-Market, LLC, it is necessary to monitor the ratio of receivables and payables, to monitor the status of payments for overdue receivables, to timely identify unacceptable types of liabilities, which primarily include overdue debts to suppliers, payments to the budget, etc. Value/originality. A comprehensive analysis of receivables and payables in the enterprise management system is optimal. It makes it possible to assess the real state of the company's receivables and payables, to identify "bottlenecks" in the management of this type of debt, and to develop measures aimed at reducing or recovering overdue or doubtful receivables.

Iron-based materials, especially magnetite nanocrystals, have found extensive applications in many fields. Novel challenges focus on a deeper understanding of interactions between magnetite and biological macromolecules for developing further applications in diagnostic and treatment methods in medicine. Inspired by ferritin, the iron storage protein occurring in bacteria, plant, animal, and human cells, we developed an artificial ferritin-like material known as magnetoferritin. We present structural studies of magnetoferritin samples prepared using a controlled in vitro physicochemical synthesis. Considerable structural and size changes were observed by increasing the iron content and post-synthesis treatment. We propose the modulation of colloidal stability by using suitable solvents. Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, colloidal stability measurements, infrared spectroscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering methods were employed. The presented results aid in increasing the effectiveness of the various applications of magnetoferritin according to specific industrial requirements.

The study was undertaken to examine the effect of heavy metals on the antioxidant system and biochemical indexes in the organism of rats. The influence of heavy metals on indexes The influence of heavy metals on the indicators of the antioxidant system (the antioxidant enzyme activities – glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) and the processes of lipid peroxidation (the content of hydroperoxides and products of thiobarbituric acid) was determined. It is established, that the antioxidant system functions more intensively in blood and liver of rats under the action of heavy metals. The study of enzyme activity showed the activation of the latter under conditions of heavy metal intoxication 1.5–2.0 times (depending on the heavy metal) compared with the control. We found that blood levels of total and direct bilirubin, creatinine, and urea increased in intoxicated rats from all experimental groups compared with intact animals. However, a decrease in the content of albumin, total protein, cholesterol, and triglycerides was also found in all experimental groups, in comparison with intact rats. Under the action of heavy metals, the activity of total α-amylase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glucose concentration increases in blood of rats. According to the results of studies in intoxicated animals compared with the intact group, there was a change in the cation-anion pool, in particular, a tendency to decrease the content of sodium and inorganic phosphorus and increase chlorides, magnesium, calcium, and potassium

The purpose of the article is to form the main directions of improving the financial condition of the business entity in modern conditions. Methodology. Methods of theoretical generalization and concretization, Internet resources have been used in this study. Results. Groups of users of information concerning the financial condition of the enterprise are selected. The first group includes creditors, investors, competitors, regulators, and other users, and the second – the company's management, economic and other interested internal services, shareholders, etc. For each of these users, certain selected metrics are important. A technique for determining the significance of indicators for a particular group of users, which involves the use of economic and mathematical methods and models, is developed. In order to make certain management decisions, the analysis should be carried out according to the indicators required by the management and, accordingly, will be implemented in the management practice of Khmilnytske LLC. The sequence of assessment of the financial condition by economic and mathematical methods is determined. Having chosen the direction of research of indicators and having carried out their corresponding calculations, it is possible to carry out the analysis of factors of influence on the financial position of the investigated business entity and to calculate reserves of its improvement. To do this, it is advisable to use the procedures of correlation and regression analysis. The content of these procedures is to determine the impact on the financial condition of each of the elements of the formulas of coefficients or other indicators. A set of factors influencing the formation of economic strategy of agricultural enterprises is divided into two groups, namely exogenous and endogenous. The leading system ensuring the enterprise solvency has been developed. Software for the financial condition analysis at the enterprise is proved. Practical implications. The developed system takes into account the available initial data (financial statements and software) and significantly reduces the cost of working time for analysis, which speeds up the management decision-making process and allows you to respond quickly to changes in asset structure to improve efficiency and improve business subject efficiency. Value/originality. The developed model of the analysis of a financial condition with the use of economic and mathematical methods which is sufficiently adapted for automation will provide, provided its introduction in analytical practice, a high level of optimality of operative administrative decisions, and also will increase the efficiency of agricultural enterprises.