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Resumen Material Y Metodos Estudio de las caracteristicas anatomo-patologicas y los factores influyentes en la supervivencia de 59 pacientes diagnosticados de tumor urotelial de vias altas tratados con cirugia radical. Resultados La edad media fue de 65 anos, el 83% eran varones y en el 64% el tumor se localizaba en pelvis renal. el 54% era pt1-2. el 73% g1-2. el 10% tenian afectacion ganglionar y el 15% metastasis. el 44% tenia tumor vesical concomitante. no hubo exitus atribuible a la cirugia. el 60% seguia vivo al finalizar el estudio. la supervivencia actuarial global fue del 60% ± 7 a los 5 anos. la supervivencia media fue de 134 meses con una mediana de 156 (101-168 meses. ic 95%). sexo, localizacion, morfologia, tipo tumoral, concomitancia de tumor vesical, numero y afectacion ganglionar no influyen significativamente en la supervivencia. solo el grado de diferenciacion tumoral (p = 0,006) y el estadio patologico (p = 0,005) son significativos en el estudio univariado. al realizar el estudio multivariado el unico factor influyente en la supervivencia es el estadio patologico. Conclusiones El factor independiente mas influyente en la supervivencia de los pacientes con tumor de urotelio de vias altas es el estadio patologico. El grado es influyente en el estudio univariado y probablemente es un factor subsidiario. Por el escaso numero de casos, no hemos podido descartar que la afectacion ganglionar y el tipo tumoral influyan en la supervivencia.

Resumen Material y metodos Se estudia la eficacia del diagnostico estadial, la forma de fundamentarlo en datos objetivos de caracter clinico y la descripcion de un modelo pronostico, analizando 160 pacientes diagnosticados de adenocarcinoma de prostata localizado y sometidos a prostatectomia radical en la Clinica Universitaria de Navarra entre 1988-1997. Estudio estadistico utilizado: pruebas de Fisher o de Pearson para comparacion de variables cualitativas. Estudio multivariado de regresion logistica para evitar los factores influyentes en el estadio patologico. Resultados H an sido correctamente estadiados 85/160 (53%). El estadiaje incorrecto se ha producido en pacientes con mayor estadio clinico (T1-T2a: 25%; T2bc: 65%). El estadio patologico, en el estudio univariado, esta relacionado significativamente a) con el valor del PSA serico (15 ng/ml en p2 frente a 25 ng/ml en p3-4), siendo el punto de corte mas apropiado 15 ng/ml. b) con el tacto rectal y el Gleason. En el estudio multivariado son factores influyentes negativamente: el PSA mayor de 15 ng/ml, el Gleason mayor de 5 y el estadio clinico T2bc. Grupos de riesgo: Con los factores indicados se forman 4 grupos de riesgo (ser incluido en el 1o supone un riesgo de p3 del 8%, del 30% en el 2o, del 56% en el 3o y del 84% en el 4o). Conclusiones Los factores clinicos influyentes en el estadio patologico son el PSA, Gleason y estadio clinico. Con ellos se puede establecer grupos de riesgo de notable fiabilidad.

To report two cases of verrucous carcinoma of the penis, a rare tumor with a characteristic course and specific treatment that accounts for approximately 1% of tumors in the male.Two patients, aged 86 and 51 years, with verrucous carcinoma of the penis are described. Treatment was by partial penectomy and resection of the glans penis, respectively. The anatomopathological characteristics and prognostic aspects are reviewed.Verrucous carcinoma of the penis usually presents as an exophytic lesion in the glans penis or prepuce and should be distinguished from epidermoid carcinoma which carries a worse prognosis and requires a different therapeutic approach. The differential diagnosis is based on the biopsy findings. Verrucous carcinoma of the penis carries a good prognosis and can be managed by conservative surgery (partial penectomy).

To describe a case of epithelial cell paratesticular carcinoma of the epididymis and briefly review the literature on this tumor type.A 69-year-old male consulted for a testicular mass and intrascrotal pain, together with irritative bladder symptoms. The patient underwent orchidectomy, but consulted again shortly thereafter for persistent irritative bladder symptoms. A TUR biopsy of the bladder wall demonstrated undifferentiated carcinoma arising from the epididymis. The patient did not respond to chemotherapy. He developed systemic metastasis and died 4 months after the diagnosis.Carcinoma of the epididymis is a rare malignant paratesticular tumor arising from the epithelial cells with a very poor prognosis. Its clinical features are unspecific and this tumor type should be taken into account when making differential diagnosis from intrascrotal masses arsing from other causes. Due to the rarity of this disease, it has not been possible to identify treatments that might achieve better results.

Margins involvement in T1-T2 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy is a negative prognostic factor. We aimed to: a) Study the clinical and pathological features of patients with surgical margins involvement; b) Elucidate the influence of margins involvement on the progression-free survival.The study included the group with "positive margins" out of a series of 160 patients with localised prostate adenocarcinoma who underwent radical prostatectomy at the Clínica Universitaria de Navarra between 1988-1997. statistics used: Fisher's or Pearson's test for qualitative variables. Kaplan-Meyer, Log-rank and Cox's multivariate tests for the survival study.The group accounts for 28% (45/158) of all patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Mean PSA (22 +/- 14 ng/ml) is similar to the remaining group although there is greater significant rates of PSA15 ng/ml (p: 0.006), worse Gleason (p: 0.01), higher proportion of T2bc (p: 0.003) and node involvement (0.001). Progression-free survival (BPFS) is significantly lower in this group (32 +/- 12% vs 61 +/- 6% at 5 years). Margins are the single factor with higher influence (RR:5) in the multivariate study. Influence is clear in patients with Gleason5 (0% vs 87%) and PSA30 ng/ml (33 +/- 14 vs 70 +/- 7%), but has no influence on BPFS of patients with PSA30 ng/ml or Gleason 5-10.Positive margins in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy is associated to higher PSA, worse Gleason and higher stage. They are the most significant independent risk factor (except for PSA30 ng/ml) for biochemical progression-free survival as evidenced in the multivariate study, although it is likely this influence is diluted in patients with PSA30 ng/ml and/or Gleason 5-10.

Study on the efficacy of stage diagnosis, how to support it based on clinical objective data and description of a prognostic model. Analysis of 160 patients diagnosed with localized prostate adenocarcinoma undergoing radical prostatectomy in the Clínica Universitaria de Navarra between 1988-1997. The statistical study used Fisher's or Pearson's tests for the comparison of qualitative variables. A logistic regression multivariate analysis was run to avoid confounding factors in the pathological stage.85/160 (53%) were correctly staged. Incorrect staging occurred in patients with higher clinical stage (T1-T2a: 25%; T2bc: 65%). The univariate study shows that the pathological stage is significantly correlated to: a) serum PSA levels (15 ng/mL in P2 vr. 25 ng/mL in P3-4), the most suitable cutoff value being 15 ng/mL. b) digital rectal examination and Gleason. Negatively influencing factors in the multivariate study were: PSA greater than 15 ng/mL, Gleason greater than 5 and a T2bc clinical stage. Risk groups: 4 risk groups are established based on the above factors (inclusion in group 1 involves an 8% risk of having P3, 30% in group 2, 56% in group 3 and 84% in group 4).The clinical factors with influence in the pathological stage are PSA, Gleason and clinical stage. The reliability of the risk groups established based on these factors is remarkable.

Study of biochemical progression (PSA0.5 ng/ml) and biochemical progression-free survival in 160 patients diagnosed with clinically localized prostate adenocarcinoma who underwent radical prostatectomy at the University Clinic in Navarra between 1988-1997.At the end of the study, 120 patients (75%) are alive and free of progression, 33 (20%) are alive and in progression, 3 (1.9%) died of cancer, and 4 (2.5%) died for other causes. Biochemical progression occurred in 43/160 (27%) patients. Progression is related to previous PSA, both in absolute terms and divided into greater or smaller than 15 ng/ml; to Gleason grade greater or smaller than 7 or divided into 2-4, 5-7, 8-10; to pathological stage and to urethro-vesical junction stenosis. Biochemical progression-free survival (BPFS) in the univariate study is related to PSA (the ideal prognostic cut-off value being 15 ng/ml); to Gleason, specially when divided into 2-4, 5-7, 8-10; to the pathological stage and to margins. The multivariate study evidences that the single most influential factors are PSA (divided as greater or smaller than 15 ng/ml), Gleason grade (divided into: 2-4, 5-7, 8-10) and margins involvement. There are 3 highly reliable risk groups based on PSA, Gleason and clinical stage. When these are introduced as variables in the multivariate study, they appear as the strongest predictive variables.The influential factors on progression-free survival are PSA (15 ng/ml being the best prognostic cut-off value), Gleason grade (divided into 2-4, 5-7, 8-10) and margins' positivity, which are the single most significant pathological factor ahead of clinical stage. Serum PSA, clinical stage and Gleason grade allow to define three reliable risk groups.

Study of 165 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma who underwent radical prostatectomy using a retropubic approach. Mean PSA is 19 ng/ml, mean age 63 years and median follow-up 26 months. 22 patients (13.2%) reported complications during the first month post-surgery, primarily urinary fistula of more than 5 days long in 5 patients and rectal injury in 3.49 patients (29%) reported complications after the first month, mainly urinary incontinence in 26 cases and stenosis of the urethrovesical juncture in 15. The group with early complications showed no significant differences compared to those who had none, neither in PSA (p = 0.3) or a worse pathological stage (p = 0.1), and no evidence is shown in terms of biochemical progression or in disease free progression (p = 1). Patients with urethrovesical juncture stenosis have higher mean PSA (p = 0.01), greater biochemical progression (p = 0.006), worse Gleason (p = 0.03 = and worse progression free survival (p = 0.01). Patients with stress incontinence showed no differences compared to the other groups relative to the studied factors.

Contribution of one case of right paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma in a 3-year and 4-month old male patient. Following radical orchiectomy and clinical staging, grading is IRS Group I (fully resected localized disease). Subsequently, the patient received 7 polychemotherapy courses and was found to be asymptomatic 4 years after treatment.

Retrospective study of 107 patients diagnosed with infiltrant tumour of the bladder in stage T3-T4 N0-N1, treated with radical surgery. Eighty-four (84) received neoadjuvant therapy with radio- and/or chemotherapy. The neoadjuvant treatment was seen to provide significantly better survival, but the specific type of neoadjuvant treatment appears to have no influence. The multivariate study evidenced that the two most influential variables for survival are the complementary treatment and the clinical stage.

A prospective study which analyzes the presence of mutations in the suppressor oncogene p53 through automated genome sequentiation in 75 specimens of transitional cell carcinoma. The presence of mutations correlated to the pathological stage and cellular grade. Also, both the different types of mutations detected and the diversity of their location indicate the heterogeneity of bladder transitional cells carcinoma. The automated genome sequentiation method allows to detect both the type of mutation and the exact location. The detection of suppressor oncogene p53 mutations allows to identify those patients who may be at higher risk of disease progression and therefore those who should undergo a more intense follow-up.

Presentation of 11 cases of retroperitoneal sarcoma. Mean time from the beginning of symptoms to diagnosis is 6 months. The primary complementary study is CT. Surgery was performed in all cases, using complete resection in 6 cases, and partial resection in 5. Ten patients relapsed. 9 of which were treated with surgical rescue, in one or more occasions; chemotherapy was added in 6 cases and radiotherapy in 7. Survival at five years is 68%, with a mean follow-up of 66 months.

Presentation of 7 case reports of pheochromocytome, diagnosed and treated in our Centre between 1981 and 1995. Clinically all patients had hypertension. Three presented the triple condition of hypertension, pulsatile headache and palpitations. The most useful analytical studies were urine vainillylmandelic acid (VMA) and catecholamines. The main radiologic method was the scanner (CT). Pre-surgical preparation was with alpha-blockers in 5 patients, adding beta-blockers in 3. Treatment was surgical in all cases, and the approach was selected based on the tumour's size and location. One patient with severe rheumatic heart disease died on day 3 post-surgery. Mean follow-up is 19 months, and only one patient requires anti-hypertensive medication following surgery.

Between January 1989 and October 1995, 104 prostatectomies were performed in patients with prostate carcinoma in our centre. Mean follow-up 22 months, range 3-84 months. Overall frequency of complications was 33%. No fatal complications were reported. Complications in the early post-operative occurred in 17 patients (16%); late complications in 18 patients (17%), the most frequent one was stenosis of urethrovesical by-pass. No case of total incontinence has been recorded. The rate of stress incontinence at 3 months was 36% and 15% at 9 months.

Secondary or metastatic vesical tumours are a very uncommon condition (less than 1% of vesical tumours). Dissemination routes are usually through blood and lymph, and diagnosis occurs typically in advanced stages. This paper presents one case of metastatic vesical neoplasia that developed 5 years after diagnosis of the primary lung tumour.