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33,804 results on '"A, Toft"'

1. The Fermat curves and arrangements of lines and conics

Author: Toft, Nils Peder Astrup and Moe, Torgunn Karoline
Subjects: Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry, 14H45, 14H50
Abstract: In this paper we present new results about arrangements of lines and conics associated to the Fermat curves in the projective plane. The first result is that we compute the 2-Hessian to a Fermat curve, which is a union of lines, and we determine the singularities of this line arrangement. Then we consider the sextactic points on the Fermat curves and show that they are distributed on three grids. The lines in the grids constitute new line arrangements associated with the Fermat curves, and we determine the singularities on each of them. The main result is that we compute the hyperosculating conics to the Fermat curves, study the arrangement of these conics, and find that they intersect in a special way., Comment: 19 pages
Published: 2024

2. Discovery of dual 'little red dots' indicates excess clustering on kilo-parsec scales

Author: Tanaka, Takumi S., Silverman, John D., Shimasaku, Kazuhiro, Arita, Junya, Akins, Hollis B., Inayoshi, Kohei, Ding, Xuheng, Onoue, Masafusa, Liu, Zhaoxuan, Casey, Caitlin M., Lambrides, Erini, Kokorev, Vasily, Jin, Shuowen, Faisst, Andreas L., Drakos, Nicole, Shen, Yue, Li, Junyao, Zhuang, Mingyang, Fei, Qinyue, Ito, Kei, Ren, Wenke, Matsui, Suin, Ando, Makoto, Hatano, Shun, Fujii, Michiko S., Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S., Koekemoer, Anton M., Liu, Daizhong, McCracken, Henry Joy, Rhodes, Jason, Robertson, Brant E., Franco, Maximilien, Andika, Irham T., Cloonan, Aidan P., Fan, Xiaohui, Gozaliasl, Ghassem, Harish, Santosh, Hayward, Christopher C., Huertas-Company, Marc, Kakkad, Darshan, Kinugawa, Tomoya, Roy, Namrata, Shuntov, Marko, Talia, Margherita, Toft, Sune, Vijayan, Aswin P., and Zhang, Yiyang
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: ``Little Red Dots'' (LRDs) are an abundant high-redshift population newly discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). They are characterized by a red color in the rest-frame optical band, compact morphology, and broad Balmer emission lines (${\rm FWHM} \gtrsim 1000~{\rm km\,s^{-1}}$) that suggest an AGN nature. Using a method of pixel-by-pixel color selection and relaxing the compactness criteria, we identify three of the first dual LRD candidates in the COSMOS-Web survey with projected separations of $0.\!\!^{\prime\prime}2-0.\!\!^{\prime\prime}4$ (1-2 pkpc at their photometric redshifts). A comparison between existing LRD samples and mock data reveals that the projected separations of these dual LRD candidates are unlikely to result from chance projections of objects at different redshifts. In one case (CW-B5-15958), the dual LRD includes two bright sources ($m_{\rm F444W}=24.3$ and $24.8$) with characteristic V-shape spectral energy distribution (SEDs) and photometric redshifts consistent with each other. We find that CW-B5-15958 has a faint off-centered component and a companion galaxy. In the other two dual systems, the brighter LRD exhibits a V-shape SED, while the fainter LRD ($m_{\rm F444W}\gtrsim26$) is undetected in both F115W and F150W. These discoveries suggest that the angular auto-correlation function (ACF) of LRDs exhibits a significant excess ($\sim3\times10^2$ times) on sub-arcsec (kilo-parsec) separations compared to the extrapolation of a power-law ACF of JWST-found AGNs measured over $10^{\prime\prime}-100^{\prime\prime}$. Follow-up spectroscopic confirmation of their redshifts and the construction of a larger sample are essential to advance our understanding of the evolution of supermassive black holes and the importance of mergers in the early universe., Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, and 1 table. Comments are welcome
Published: 2024

3. Euclid preparation: TBD. The impact of line-of-sight projections on the covariance between galaxy cluster multi-wavelength observable properties -- insights from hydrodynamic simulations

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Ragagnin, A., Saro, A., Andreon, S., Biviano, A., Dolag, K., Ettori, S., Giocoli, C., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Mamon, G. A., Maughan, B. J., Meneghetti, M., Moscardini, L., Pacaud, F., Pratt, G. W., Sereno, M., Borgani, S., Calura, F., Castignani, G., De Petris, M., Eckert, D., Lesci, G. F., Macias-Perez, J., Maturi, M., Amara, A., Auricchio, N., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Dinis, J., Dubath, F., Dupac, X., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fumana, M., George, K., Gillis, B., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Haugan, S. V. H., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Jahnke, K., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kubik, B., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Mellier, Y., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Munari, E., Neissner, C., Niemi, S. -M., Nightingale, J. W., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Pettorino, V., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sakr, Z., Sánchez, A. G., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Scaramella, R., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Sefusatti, E., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zucca, E., Bolzonella, M., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Farinelli, R., Gracia-Carpio, J., Mauri, N., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Ballardini, M., Bergamini, P., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Canas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., Costanzi, M., De Caro, B., de la Torre, S., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Hall, A., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Libet, G., Loureiro, A., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Monaco, P., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Walton, Nicholas A., Patrizii, L., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Schneider, A., Schultheis, M., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Tao, C., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., and Verza, G.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Cluster cosmology can benefit from combining multi-wavelength studies, which can benefit from characterising the correlation coefficients between different mass-observable relations. In this work, we aim to provide information on the scatter, the skewness, and the covariance of various mass-observable relations in galaxy clusters in cosmological hydrodynamic simulations. This information will help future analyses to better tackle accretion histories and projection effects and model mass observable relations for cosmology studies.We identify galaxy clusters in Magneticum Box2b simulations with mass $M_{\rm 200c}>10^{14} {\rm M}_\odot$ at redshift $z=0.24$ and $z=0.90$. Our analysis includes \Euclid-derived properties such as richness, stellar mass, lensing mass, and concentration. Additionally, we investigate complementary multi-wavelength data, including X-ray luminosity, integrated Compton-$y$ parameter, gas mass, and temperature. The impact of projection effects on mass-observable residuals and correlations is then examined. At intermediate redshift ($z=0.24$), projection effects impact lensing concentration, richness, and gas mass the most in terms of scatter and skewness of log-residuals of scaling relations. The contribution of projection effects can be significant enough to boost a spurious hot- vs. cold-baryons correlation and consequently hide underlying correlations due to halo accretion histories. At high redshift ($z=0.9$), the richness has a much lower scatter (of log-residuals), and the quantity that is most impacted by projection effects is the lensing mass. Lensing concentration reconstruction, in particular, is affected by deviations of the reduced-shear profile shape from the one derived by an NFW profile rather than interlopers in the line of sight., Comment: 26 pages, 22 figures, submitted to A&A, replied to referee comments
Published: 2024

4. Testing for Intrinsic Type Ia Supernova Luminosity Evolution at z>2 with JWST

Author: Pierel, J. D. R., Coulter, D. A., Siebert, M. R., Akins, H. B., Engesser, M., Fox, O. D., Franco, M., Rest, A., Agrawal, A., Ajay, Y., Allen, N., Casey, C. M., Decoursey, C., Drakos, N. E., Egami, E., Faisst, A. L., Gezari, S., Gozaliasl, G., Ilbert, O., Jones, D. O., Karmen, M., Kartaltepe, J. S., Koekemoer, A. M., Lane, Z. G., Larson, R. L., Li, T., Liu, D., Moriya, T. J., McCracken, H. J., Paquereau, L., Quimby, R. M., Rich, R. M., Rhodes, J., Robertson, B. E., Sanders, D. B., Shahbandeh, M., Shuntov, M., Silverman, J. D., Strolger, L. G., Toft, S., and Zenati, Y.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is opening new frontiers of transient discovery and follow-up at high-redshift. Here we present the discovery of a spectroscopically confirmed Type Ia supernova (SN Ia; SN 2023aeax) at z=2.15 with JWST, with cadenced NIRCam observations that enable multi-band light curve fitting. SN 2023aeax lands at the edge of traditional low-z cosmology color cuts because of its blue color (peak rest-frame B-V~-0.3), but we still apply a fiducial standardization approach with the BayeSN model and find that the SN 2023aeax luminosity distance measurement is in agreement (~0.1sigma) with LambdaCDM. SN 2023aeax is only the second spectroscopically confirmed SN Ia in the dark matter-dominated Universe at z>2 (the other is SN 2023adsy), giving it rare leverage to constrain any potential evolution in SN Ia standardized luminosities. Similar to SN 2023adsy (B-V~0.8), SN 2023aeax has a fairly extreme (but opposite) color, which may be due to the small sample size or a secondary factor, such as host galaxy properties. Nevertheless, the SN 2023aeax spectrum is well-represented by normal low-z SN Ia spectra and we find no definitive evolution in SN Ia standardization with redshift. Still, the first two spectroscopically confirmed z>2 SNe Ia have peculiar colors and combine for a ~1sigma distance slope relative to LambdaCDM, the implications of which require a larger sample and dedicated host galaxy observations to investigate., Comment: Submitted to ApJL. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2406.05089
Published: 2024

5. COSMOS2020: Disentangling the Role of Mass and Environment in Star Formation Activity of Galaxies at $0.4<z<4$

Author: Taamoli, Sina, Nezhad, Negin, Mobasher, Bahram, Manesh, Faezeh, Chartab, Nima, Weaver, John R., Capak, Peter L., Casey, Caitlin M., Gozaliasl, Ghassem, Heintz, Kasper E., Ilbert, Olivier, Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S., McCracken, Henry J., Sanders, David B., Scoville, Nicholas, Toft, Sune, and Watson, Darach
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The role of internal and environmental factors in the star formation activity of galaxies is still a matter of debate, particularly at higher redshifts. Leveraging the most recent release of the COSMOS catalog, COSMOS2020, and density measurements from our previous study we disentangle the impact of environment and stellar mass on the star formation rate (SFR), and specific SFR (sSFR) of a sample of $\sim 210,000$ galaxies within redshift range $0.4< z < 4$ and present our findings in three cosmic epochs: 1) out to $z\sim 1$, the average SFR and sSFR decline at extremely dense environments and high mass end of the distribution which is mostly due to the presence of the massive quiescent population; 2) at $1
Published: 2024
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6. Galaxy Size and Mass Build-up in the First 2 Gyrs of Cosmic History from Multi-Wavelength JWST NIRCam Imaging

Author: Allen, Natalie, Oesch, Pascal A., Toft, Sune, Matharu, Jasleen, McPartland, Conor J. R., Weibel, Andrea, Brammer, Gabe, Bowler, Rebecca A. A., Ito, Kei, Gottumukkala, Rashmi, Rizzo, Francesca, Valentino, Francesco, Varadaraj, Rohan G., Weaver, John R., and Whitaker, Katherine E.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The evolution of galaxy sizes in different wavelengths provides unique insights on galaxy build-up across cosmic epochs. Such measurements can now finally be done at $z>3$ thanks to the exquisite spatial resolution and multi-wavelength capability of the JWST. With the public data from the CEERS, PRIMER-UDS, and PRIMER-COSMOS surveys, we measure the sizes of $\sim 3500$ star-forming galaxies at $3 \leqslant z<9$, in 7 NIRCam bands using the multi-wavelength model fitting code GalfitM. The size-mass relation is measured in four redshift bins, across all NIRCam bands. We find that, the slope and intrinsic scatter of the rest-optical size-mass relation are constant across this redshift range and consistent with previous HST-based studies at low-z. When comparing the relations across different wavelengths, the average rest-optical and rest-UV relations are consistent with each other up to $z=6$, but the intrinsic scatter is largest in rest-UV wavelengths compared to rest-optical and redder bands. This behaviour is independent of redshift and we speculate that it is driven by bursty star-formation in $z>4$ galaxies. Additionally, for $3\leqslant z<4$ star-forming galaxies at $\rm M_* > 10^{10} M_{\odot}$, we find smaller rest-$\rm 1\rm\,\mu m$ sizes in comparison to rest-optical (and rest-UV) sizes, suggestive of colour gradients. When comparing to simulations, we find agreement over $\rm M_* \approx 10^{9} - 10^{10} M_{\odot}$ but beyond this mass, the observed size-mass relation is significantly steeper. Our results show the power of JWST/NIRCam to provide new constraints on galaxy formation models., Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, submitted to A&A
Published: 2024

7. RUBIES: JWST/NIRSpec resolves evolutionary phases of dusty star-forming galaxies at $z\sim2$

Author: Cooper, Olivia R., Brammer, Gabriel, Heintz, Kasper E., Toft, Sune, Casey, Caitlin M., Setton, David J., de Graaff, Anna, Boogaard, Leindert, Cleri, Nikko J., Gillman, Steven, Gottumukkala, Rashmi, Greene, Jenny E., Gullberg, Bitten, Hirschmann, Michaela, Hviding, Raphael E., Lambrides, Erini, Leja, Joel, Long, Arianna S., Manning, Sinclaire M., Maseda, Michael V., McConachie, Ian, McKinney, Jed, Narayanan, Desika, Price, Sedona H., Strait, Victoria, Weibel, Andrea, and Williams, Christina C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The dearth of high quality spectroscopy of dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) -- the main drivers of the assembly of dust and stellar mass at the peak of activity in the Universe -- greatly hinders our ability to interpret their physical processes and evolutionary pathways. We present JWST/NIRSpec observations from RUBIES of four submillimeter-selected, ALMA-detected DSFGs at cosmic noon, $z\sim2.3-2.7$. While photometry uniformly suggests vigorous ongoing star formation for the entire sample in line with canonical DSFGs, the spectra differ: one source has spectroscopic evidence of an evolved stellar population, indicating a recent transition to a post-starburst phase, while the remainder show strong spectroscopic signatures of ongoing starbursts. All four galaxies are infrared-luminous (log$_{10}$$L_{\rm{IR}}$/L$_{\rm \odot}$ $>12.4$), massive (log$_{10}\,M_\star$/M$_{\rm \odot}$ $>11$), and very dust-obscured ($A_V\sim3-4$ ABmag). Leveraging detections of multiple Balmer and Paschen lines, we derive an optical attenuation curve consistent with Calzetti overall, yet an optical extinction ratio $R_V\sim2.5$, potentially indicating smaller dust grains or differences in star-dust geometry. This case study provides some of the first detailed spectroscopic evidence that the DSFGs encompass a heterogeneous sample spanning a range of star formation properties and evolutionary stages, and illustrates the advantages of synergistic JWST and ALMA analysis of DSFGs., Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures; submitted to ApJ
Published: 2024

8. COSMOS-Web: stellar mass assembly in relation to dark matter halos across $0.2<z<12$ of cosmic history

Author: Shuntov, M., Ilbert, O., Toft, S., Arango-Toro, R. C., Akins, H. B., Casey, C. M., Franco, M., Harish, S., Kartaltepe, J. S., Koekemoer, A. M., McCracken, H. J., Paquereau, L., Laigle, C., Bethermin, M., Dubois, Y., Drakos, N. E., Faisst, A., Gozaliasl, G., Gillman, S., Hayward, C. C., Hirschmann, M., Huertas-Company, M., Jespersen, C. K., Jin, S., Kokorev, V., Lambrides, E., Borgne, D. Le, Liu, D., Magdis, G., Massey, R., McPartland, C. J. R., Mercier, W., McCleary, J. E., McKinney, J., Oesch, P. A., Rhodes, J. D., Rich, R. M., Robertson, B. E., Sanders, D., Trebitsch, M., Tresse, L., Valentino, F., Vijayan, A. P., Weaver, J. R., Weibel, A., and Wilkins, S. M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We study the stellar mass function (SMF) and the co-evolution with dark matter halos via abundance matching in the largest redshift range to date $0.25$, we find increased abundances of massive (log$\, M_{\star}/M_{\odot}>10.5$) implying integrated star formation efficiencies (SFE) $\epsilon_{\star}\equiv M_{\star}\, f_{\rm b}^{-1} M_{\rm halo}^{-1} \gtrsim 0.5$. We find a flattening of the SMF at the high-mass end that is better described by a double power law at $z>5.5$. At $z \lesssim 5.5$ it transitions to a Schechter law which coincides with the emergence of the first massive quiescent galaxies in the Universe. We trace the cosmic stellar mass density (SMD) and infer the star formation rate density (SFRD), which at $z>7.5$ agrees remarkably with recent \JWST{} UV luminosity function-derived estimates. However, at $z \lesssim 3.5$, we find significant tension ($\sim 0.3$ dex) with the cosmic star formation (SF) history from instantaneous SF measures, the causes of which remain poorly understood. We infer the stellar-to-halo mass relation (SHMR) and the SFE from abundance matching out to $z=12$, finding a non-monotonic evolution. The SFE has the characteristic strong dependence with mass in the range of $0.02 - 0.2$, and mildly decreases at the low mass end out to $z\sim3.5$. At $z\sim3.5$ the SFE increases sharply from $\sim 0.1$ to approach high SFE of $0.8-1$ by $z\sim 10$ for log$(M_{\rm h}/M_{\odot})\approx11.5$, albeit with large uncertainties. Finally, we use the SHMR to track the SFE and stellar mass growth throughout the halo history and find that they do not grow at the same rate -- from the earliest times up until $z\sim3.5$ the halo growth rate outpaces galaxy assembly, but at $z>3.5$ halo growth stagnates and accumulated gas reservoirs keep the SF going and galaxies outpace halos.
Published: 2024

9. A history of galaxy migrations over the Stellar Mass - SFR plane from the COSMOS-Web survey

Author: Arango-Toro, R. C., Ilbert, O., Ciesla, L., Shuntov, M., Aufort, G., Mercier, W., Laigle, C., Franco, M., Bethermin, M., Borgne, D. Le, Dubois, Y., McCracken, H. J., Paquereau, L., Huertas-Company, M., Kartaltepe, J., Casey, C. M., Akins, H., Allen, N., Andika, I., Brinch, M., Drakos, N. E., Faisst, A., Gozaliasl, G., Harish, S., Kaminsky, A., Koekemoer, A., Kokorev, V., Liu, D., Magdis, G., Martin, C. L., Moutard, T., Rhodes, J., Rich, R. M., Robertson, B., Sanders, D. B., Sheth, K., Talia, M., Toft, S., Tresse, L., Valentino, F., Vijayan, A., and Weaver, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The stellar mass-star formation rate (M$_\star$ - SFR) plane is essential for distinguishing galaxy populations, but how galaxies move within this plane over cosmic time remains unclear. This study aims to describe galaxy migrations in the M$_\star$ - SFR plane by reconstructing star formation histories (SFHs) for a sample of galaxies out to redshift $z < 4$. This provides insights into the physical processes driving star formation. We use data from the COSMOS field, selecting 299131 galaxies at $z < 4$ with COSMOS-Web NIRCam data (m$_\mathrm{F444W} < 27$) over 0.54 deg$^2$. Using the SED modeling code CIGALE with non-parametric SFHs, we derive physical properties and migration vectors for these galaxies. These vectors describe the direction and velocity of evolutionary paths across the M$_\star$ - SFR plane. To assess the accuracy of these vectors, we compare them to results from the Horizon-AGN simulation. Galaxies within the main sequence show low migration amplitudes and dispersed movement directions, indicating oscillation within the main sequence. Most progenitors were already on the main sequence a billion years earlier. Starburst galaxies assembled half their mass in the last 350 Myr and originated from the main sequence. Passive galaxies show uniformly declining SFHs and include massive galaxies already in the passive region at $z = 3.5-4$, with increasing density over time. Using reconstructed SFHs up to $z < 4$, we propose a coherent picture of how galaxies migrate over cosmic time in the M$_\star$ - SFR plane, highlighting the connection between major phases in the star-formation history.
Published: 2024

10. Euclid preparation. The impact of relativistic redshift-space distortions on two-point clustering statistics from the Euclid wide spectroscopic survey

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Elkhashab, M. Y., Bertacca, D., Porciani, C., Salvalaggio, J., Aghanim, N., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, R., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Holmes, W., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kitching, T., Kubik, B., Kuijken, K., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mainetti, G., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Saglia, R., Sakr, Z., Sánchez, A. G., Sapone, D., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Scodeggio, M., Secroun, A., Sefusatti, E., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Surace, C., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Farinelli, R., Finelli, F., Gracia-Carpio, J., Mauri, N., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Balaguera-Antolinez, A., Ballardini, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Böhringer, H., Borgani, S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Canas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Cooray, A. R., Davini, S., De Caro, B., de la Torre, S., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finoguenov, A., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gozaliasl, G., Hall, A., Hartley, W. G., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Lacasa, F., Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Loureiro, A., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Monaco, P., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Potter, D., Reimberg, P., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Schneider, A., Sereno, M., Sikkema, G., Silvestri, A., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Tessore, N., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Vernizzi, F., Verza, G., Vielzeuf, P., and Hernández-Monteagudo, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Measurements of galaxy clustering are affected by RSD. Peculiar velocities, gravitational lensing, and other light-cone projection effects modify the observed redshifts, fluxes, and sky positions of distant light sources. We determine which of these effects leave a detectable imprint on several 2-point clustering statistics extracted from the EWSS on large scales. We generate 140 mock galaxy catalogues with the survey geometry and selection function of the EWSS and make use of the LIGER method to account for a variable number of relativistic RSD to linear order in the cosmological perturbations. We estimate different 2-point clustering statistics from the mocks and use the likelihood-ratio test to calculate the statistical significance with which the EWSS could reject the null hypothesis that certain relativistic projection effects can be neglected in the theoretical models. We find that the combined effects of lensing magnification and convergence imprint characteristic signatures on several clustering observables. Their S/N ranges between 2.5 and 6 (depending on the adopted summary statistic) for the highest-redshift galaxies in the EWSS. The corresponding feature due to the peculiar velocity of the Sun is measured with a S/N of order one or two. The $P_{\ell}(k)$ from the catalogues that include all relativistic effects reject the null hypothesis that RSD are only generated by the variation of the peculiar velocity along the line of sight with a significance of 2.9 standard deviations. As a byproduct of our study, we demonstrate that the mixing-matrix formalism to model finite-volume effects in the $P_{\ell}(k)$ can be robustly applied to surveys made of several disconnected patches. Our results indicate that relativistic RSD, the contribution from weak gravitational lensing in particular, cannot be disregarded when modelling 2-point clustering statistics extracted from the EWSS., Comment: 23 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2024

11. Crimson Behemoth: a Massive Clumpy Structure Hosting a Dusty AGN at $z=4.91$

Author: Tanaka, Takumi S., Silverman, John D., Nakazato, Yurina, Onoue, Masafusa, Shimasaku, Kazuhiro, Fudamoto, Yoshinobu, Fujimoto, Seiji, Ding, Xuheng, Faisst, Andreas L., Valentino, Francesco, Jin, Shuowen, Hayward, Christopher C., Kokorev, Vasily, Ceverino, Daniel, Kalita, Boris S., Casey, Caitlin M., Liu, Zhaoxuan, Kaminsky, Aidan, Fei, Qinyue, Andika, Irham T., Lambrides, Erini, Akins, Hollis B., Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S., Koekemoer, Anton M., McCracken, Henry Joy, Rhodes, Jason, Robertson, Brant E., Franco, Maximilien, Liu, Daizhong, Chartab, Nima, Gillman, Steven, Gozaliasl, Ghassem, Hirschmann, Michaela, Huertas-Company, Marc, Massey, Richard, Roy, Namrata, Sattari, Zahra, Shuntov, Marko, Sterling, Joseph, Toft, Sune, Trakhtenbrot, Benny, Yoshida, Naoki, and Zavala, Jorge A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The current paradigm for the co-evolution of galaxies and their supermassive black holes postulates that dust-obscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs) represent a transitional phase towards a more luminous and unobscured state. However, our understanding of dusty AGNs and their host galaxies at early cosmic times is inadequate due to observational limitations. Here, we present JWST observations of CID-931, an X-ray-detected AGN at a spectroscopic redshift of $z_{\rm spec}=4.91$. Multiband NIRCam imaging from the COSMOS-Web program reveals an unresolved red core, similar to JWST-discovered dusty AGNs. Strikingly, the red core is surrounded by at least eight massive star-forming clumps spread over $1.\!\!^{\prime\prime}6 \approx 10~{\rm kpc}$, each of which has a stellar mass of $10^9-10^{10}M_\odot$ and $\sim0.1-1~{\rm kpc}$ in radius. The whole system amounts to $10^{11}M_\odot$ in stellar mass, higher than typical star-forming galaxies at the same epoch. In this system, gas inflows and/or complex merger events may trigger clump formation and AGN activity thus leading to the rapid formation of a massive galaxy hosting a supermassive black hole. Future follow-up observations will provide new insights into the evolution of the galaxy-black hole relationship during such transitional phases in the early universe., Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures, submitted to PASJ
Published: 2024

12. Euclid preparation: 6x2 pt analysis of Euclid's spectroscopic and photometric data sets

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Paganin, L., Bonici, M., Carbone, C., Camera, S., Tutusaus, I., Davini, S., Bel, J., Tosi, S., Sciotti, D., Di Domizio, S., Risso, I., Testera, G., Sapone, D., Sakr, Z., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Battaglia, P., Bender, R., Bernardeau, F., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Capobianco, V., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Corcione, L., Costille, A., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Crocce, M., Cropper, M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Ealet, A., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., George, K., Gillard, W., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Ilić, S., Jahnke, K., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kitching, T., Kubik, B., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mainetti, G., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., McCracken, H. J., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Niemi, S. -M., Nightingale, J. W., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sartoris, B., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Scodeggio, M., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Starck, J. -L., Steinwagner, J., Surace, C., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tavagnacco, D., Taylor, A. N., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zacchei, A., Zamorani, G., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Di Ferdinando, D., Fabbian, G., Farinelli, R., Graciá-Carpio, J., Mauri, N., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Ballardini, M., Blanchard, A., Borgani, S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Cañas-Herrera, G., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., Coupon, J., Desprez, G., Dole, H., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Escoffier, S., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gregorio, A., Hall, A., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Monaco, P., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Patrizii, L., Pezzotta, A., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Pöntinen, M., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Schneider, A., Schultheis, M., Sereno, M., Tao, C., Tessore, N., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., and Vielzeuf, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present cosmological parameter forecasts for the Euclid 6x2pt statistics, which include the galaxy clustering and weak lensing main probes together with previously neglected cross-covariance and cross-correlation signals between imaging/photometric and spectroscopic data. The aim is understanding the impact of such terms on the Euclid performance. We produce 6x2pt cosmological forecasts, considering two different techniques: the so-called harmonic and hybrid approaches, respectively. In the first, we treat all the different Euclid probes in the same way, i.e. we consider only angular 2pt-statistics for spectroscopic and photometric clustering, as well as for weak lensing, analysing all their possible cross-covariances and cross-correlations in the spherical harmonic domain. In the second, we do not account for negligible cross-covariances between the 3D and 2D data, but consider the combination of their cross-correlation with the auto-correlation signals. We find that both cross-covariances and cross-correlation signals, have a negligible impact on the cosmological parameter constraints and, therefore, on the Euclid performance. In the case of the hybrid approach, we attribute this result to the effect of the cross-correlation between weak lensing and photometric data, which is dominant with respect to other cross-correlation signals. In the case of the 2D harmonic approach, we attribute this result to two main theoretical limitations of the 2D projected statistics implemented in this work according to the analysis of official Euclid forecasts: the high shot noise and the limited redshift range of the spectroscopic sample, together with the loss of radial information from subleading terms such as redshift-space distortions and lensing magnification. Our analysis suggests that 2D and 3D Euclid data can be safely treated as independent, with a great saving in computational resources., Comment: 32 pages, 20 figures. Comments are welcome
Published: 2024

13. Detachable pairs in $3$-connected matroids and simple $3$-connected graphs

Author: Brettell, Nick, Semple, Charles, and Toft, Gerry
Subjects: Mathematics - Combinatorics, 05B35
Abstract: Let $M$ be a $3$-connected matroid. A pair $\{e,f\}$ in $M$ is detachable if $M \backslash e \backslash f$ or $M / e / f$ is $3$-connected. Williams (2015) proved that if $M$ has at least 13 elements, then at least one of the following holds: $M$ has a detachable pair, $M$ has a $3$-element circuit or cocircuit, or $M$ is a spike. We address the case where $M$ has a $3$-element circuit or cocircuit, to obtain a characterisation of when a matroid with at least 13 elements has a detachable pair. As a consequence, we characterise when a simple $3$-connected graph $G$ with $|E(G)| \ge 13$ has a pair of edges $\{e,f\}$ such that $G/e/f$ or $G \backslash e\backslash f$ is simple and $3$-connected.
Published: 2024

14. Euclid preparation. Deep learning true galaxy morphologies for weak lensing shear bias calibration

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Csizi, B., Schrabback, T., Grandis, S., Hoekstra, H., Jansen, H., Linke, L., Congedo, G., Taylor, A. N., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Battaglia, P., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castander, F. J., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cropper, M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Dinis, J., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Faustini, F., Ferriol, S., Fotopoulou, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Ilić, S., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kubik, B., Kuijken, K., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marcin, S., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Raison, F., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sakr, Z., Sánchez, A. G., Sartoris, B., Schneider, P., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tavagnacco, D., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Farinelli, R., Gracia-Carpio, J., Matthew, S., Mauri, N., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Ballardini, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Borgani, S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Cañas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Caro, F., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finoguenov, A., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gasparetto, T., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gutierrez, C. M., Hall, A., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Joudaki, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Lesgourgues, J., Liaudat, T. I., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mancini, C., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martín-Fleitas, J., Martins, C. J. A. P., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Miluzio, M., Monaco, P., Montoro, A., Mora, A., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Walton, Nicholas A., Pagano, L., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Potter, D., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Sarpa, E., Schneider, A., Sereno, M., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Tessore, N., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., and Vielzeuf, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: To date, galaxy image simulations for weak lensing surveys usually approximate the light profiles of all galaxies as a single or double S\'ersic profile, neglecting the influence of galaxy substructures and morphologies deviating from such a simplified parametric characterization. While this approximation may be sufficient for previous data sets, the stringent cosmic shear calibration requirements and the high quality of the data in the upcoming Euclid survey demand a consideration of the effects that realistic galaxy substructures have on shear measurement biases. Here we present a novel deep learning-based method to create such simulated galaxies directly from HST data. We first build and validate a convolutional neural network based on the wavelet scattering transform to learn noise-free representations independent of the point-spread function of HST galaxy images that can be injected into simulations of images from Euclid's optical instrument VIS without introducing noise correlations during PSF convolution or shearing. Then, we demonstrate the generation of new galaxy images by sampling from the model randomly and conditionally. Next, we quantify the cosmic shear bias from complex galaxy shapes in Euclid-like simulations by comparing the shear measurement biases between a sample of model objects and their best-fit double-S\'ersic counterparts. Using the KSB shape measurement algorithm, we find a multiplicative bias difference between these branches with realistic morphologies and parametric profiles on the order of $6.9\times 10^{-3}$ for a realistic magnitude-S\'ersic index distribution. Moreover, we find clear detection bias differences between full image scenes simulated with parametric and realistic galaxies, leading to a bias difference of $4.0\times 10^{-3}$ independent of the shape measurement method. This makes it relevant for stage IV weak lensing surveys such as Euclid., Comment: Submitted to A&A. 29 pages, 20 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2024

15. Euclid preparation. Simulations and nonlinearities beyond $\Lambda$CDM. 4. Constraints on $f(R)$ models from the photometric primary probes

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Koyama, K., Pamuk, S., Casas, S., Bose, B., Carrilho, P., Sáez-Casares, I., Atayde, L., Cataneo, M., Fiorini, B., Giocoli, C., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Pace, F., Pourtsidou, A., Rasera, Y., Sakr, Z., Winther, H. -A., Altamura, E., Adamek, J., Baldi, M., Breton, M. -A., Rácz, G., Vernizzi, F., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baccigalupi, C., Bardelli, S., Bernardeau, F., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Caillat, A., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Gillis, B., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Hailey, M., Haugan, S. V. H., Holmes, W., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Ilić, S., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kubik, B., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mainetti, G., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Neissner, C., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Saglia, R., Salvignol, J. -C., Sánchez, A. G., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schirmer, M., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Fabbian, G., Farinelli, R., Finelli, F., Gracia-Carpio, J., Matthew, S., Mauri, N., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Anselmi, S., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Ballardini, M., Bertacca, D., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Böhringer, H., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Quevedo, B. Camacho, Cañas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Caro, F., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ezziati, M., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finoguenov, A., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gasparetto, T., Gautard, V., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gutierrez, C. M., Hall, A., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Joudaki, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Lesgourgues, J., Liaudat, T. I., Liu, S. J., Loureiro, A., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martín-Fleitas, J., Martins, C. J. A. P., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Miluzio, M., Monaco, P., Montoro, A., Mora, A., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Murray, C., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Pagano, L., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Potter, D., Reimberg, P., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Sarpa, E., Schneider, A., Sereno, M., Silvestri, A., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Tessore, N., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., and Vielzeuf, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We study the constraint on $f(R)$ gravity that can be obtained by photometric primary probes of the Euclid mission. Our focus is the dependence of the constraint on the theoretical modelling of the nonlinear matter power spectrum. In the Hu-Sawicki $f(R)$ gravity model, we consider four different predictions for the ratio between the power spectrum in $f(R)$ and that in $\Lambda$CDM: a fitting formula, the halo model reaction approach, ReACT and two emulators based on dark matter only $N$-body simulations, FORGE and e-Mantis. These predictions are added to the MontePython implementation to predict the angular power spectra for weak lensing (WL), photometric galaxy clustering and their cross-correlation. By running Markov Chain Monte Carlo, we compare constraints on parameters and investigate the bias of the recovered $f(R)$ parameter if the data are created by a different model. For the pessimistic setting of WL, one dimensional bias for the $f(R)$ parameter, $\log_{10}|f_{R0}|$, is found to be $0.5 \sigma$ when FORGE is used to create the synthetic data with $\log_{10}|f_{R0}| =-5.301$ and fitted by e-Mantis. The impact of baryonic physics on WL is studied by using a baryonification emulator BCemu. For the optimistic setting, the $f(R)$ parameter and two main baryon parameters are well constrained despite the degeneracies among these parameters. However, the difference in the nonlinear dark matter prediction can be compensated by the adjustment of baryon parameters, and the one-dimensional marginalised constraint on $\log_{10}|f_{R0}|$ is biased. This bias can be avoided in the pessimistic setting at the expense of weaker constraints. For the pessimistic setting, using the $\Lambda$CDM synthetic data for WL, we obtain the prior-independent upper limit of $\log_{10}|f_{R0}|< -5.6$. Finally, we implement a method to include theoretical errors to avoid the bias., Comment: 24 pages, 16 figures, submitted on behalf of the Euclid Collaboration
Published: 2024

16. Euclid preparation. Simulations and nonlinearities beyond $\Lambda$CDM. 2. Results from non-standard simulations

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Rácz, G., Breton, M. -A., Fiorini, B., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Winther, H. -A., Sakr, Z., Pizzuti, L., Ragagnin, A., Gayoux, T., Altamura, E., Carella, E., Pardede, K., Verza, G., Koyama, K., Baldi, M., Pourtsidou, A., Vernizzi, F., Adame, A. G., Adamek, J., Avila, S., Carbone, C., Despali, G., Giocoli, C., Hernández-Aguayo, C., Hassani, F., Kunz, M., Li, B., Rasera, Y., Yepes, G., Gonzalez-Perez, V., Corasaniti, P. -S., García-Bellido, J., Hamaus, N., Kiessling, A., Marinucci, M., Moretti, C., Mota, D. F., Piga, L., Pisani, A., Szapudi, I., Tallada-Crespí, P., Aghanim, N., Andreon, S., Baccigalupi, C., Bardelli, S., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Ealet, A., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Gillis, B., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Haugan, S. V. H., Holmes, W., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Ilić, S., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kilbinger, M., Kitching, T., Kubik, B., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mainetti, G., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Saglia, R., Salvignol, J. -C., Sánchez, A. G., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schirmer, M., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Taylor, A. N., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Fabbian, G., Finelli, F., Gracia-Carpio, J., Matthew, S., Mauri, N., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Porciani, C., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Balaguera-Antolinez, A., Ballardini, M., Bertacca, D., Blot, L., Borgani, S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Quevedo, B. Camacho, Cappi, A., Caro, F., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., De Caro, B., de la Torre, S., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., Gasparetto, T., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gutierrez, C. M., Hall, A., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Lacasa, F., Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Lesgourgues, J., Liaudat, T. I., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Miluzio, M., Monaco, P., Montoro, A., Mora, A., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Potter, D., Reimberg, P., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Schneider, A., Sereno, M., Silvestri, A., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Tessore, N., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., and Vielzeuf, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The Euclid mission will measure cosmological parameters with unprecedented precision. To distinguish between cosmological models, it is essential to generate realistic mock observables from cosmological simulations that were run in both the standard $\Lambda$-cold-dark-matter ($\Lambda$CDM) paradigm and in many non-standard models beyond $\Lambda$CDM. We present the scientific results from a suite of cosmological N-body simulations using non-standard models including dynamical dark energy, k-essence, interacting dark energy, modified gravity, massive neutrinos, and primordial non-Gaussianities. We investigate how these models affect the large-scale-structure formation and evolution in addition to providing synthetic observables that can be used to test and constrain these models with Euclid data. We developed a custom pipeline based on the Rockstar halo finder and the nbodykit large-scale structure toolkit to analyse the particle output of non-standard simulations and generate mock observables such as halo and void catalogues, mass density fields, and power spectra in a consistent way. We compare these observables with those from the standard $\Lambda$CDM model and quantify the deviations. We find that non-standard cosmological models can leave significant imprints on the synthetic observables that we have generated. Our results demonstrate that non-standard cosmological N-body simulations provide valuable insights into the physics of dark energy and dark matter, which is essential to maximising the scientific return of Euclid., Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2024

17. Euclid preparation. Simulations and nonlinearities beyond $\Lambda$CDM. 1. Numerical methods and validation

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Adamek, J., Fiorini, B., Baldi, M., Brando, G., Breton, M. -A., Hassani, F., Koyama, K., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Rácz, G., Winther, H. -A., Casalino, A., Hernández-Aguayo, C., Li, B., Potter, D., Altamura, E., Carbone, C., Giocoli, C., Mota, D. F., Pourtsidou, A., Sakr, Z., Vernizzi, F., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baccigalupi, C., Bardelli, S., Battaglia, P., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Caillat, A., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castander, F. J., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Gillis, B., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Holmes, W., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Ilić, S., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kubik, B., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mainetti, G., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Neissner, C., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Saglia, R., Sánchez, A. G., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schirmer, M., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tavagnacco, D., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Fabbian, G., Finelli, F., Gracia-Carpio, J., Matthew, S., Mauri, N., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Balaguera-Antolinez, A., Ballardini, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Böhringer, H., Borgani, S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Quevedo, B. Camacho, Cañas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Caro, F., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finoguenov, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gasparetto, T., Gautard, V., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gutierrez, C. M., Hall, A., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Joudaki, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Kruk, S., Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Lesgourgues, J., Liaudat, T. I., Loureiro, A., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Miluzio, M., Monaco, P., Montoro, A., Mora, A., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Reimberg, P., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Sarpa, E., Schneider, A., Sereno, M., Silvestri, A., Mancini, A. Spurio, Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Tessore, N., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., Vielzeuf, P., and Walton, N. A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: To constrain models beyond $\Lambda$CDM, the development of the Euclid analysis pipeline requires simulations that capture the nonlinear phenomenology of such models. We present an overview of numerical methods and $N$-body simulation codes developed to study the nonlinear regime of structure formation in alternative dark energy and modified gravity theories. We review a variety of numerical techniques and approximations employed in cosmological $N$-body simulations to model the complex phenomenology of scenarios beyond $\Lambda$CDM. This includes discussions on solving nonlinear field equations, accounting for fifth forces, and implementing screening mechanisms. Furthermore, we conduct a code comparison exercise to assess the reliability and convergence of different simulation codes across a range of models. Our analysis demonstrates a high degree of agreement among the outputs of different simulation codes, providing confidence in current numerical methods for modelling cosmic structure formation beyond $\Lambda$CDM. We highlight recent advances made in simulating the nonlinear scales of structure formation, which are essential for leveraging the full scientific potential of the forthcoming observational data from the Euclid mission., Comment: 20 pages, 7 figures, 1 appendix; submitted on behalf of the Euclid Collaboration
Published: 2024

18. Euclid preparation: Determining the weak lensing mass accuracy and precision for galaxy clusters

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Ingoglia, L., Sereno, M., Farrens, S., Giocoli, C., Baumont, L., Lesci, G. F., Moscardini, L., Murray, C., Vannier, M., Biviano, A., Carbone, C., Covone, G., Despali, G., Maturi, M., Maurogordato, S., Meneghetti, M., Radovich, M., Altieri, B., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bellagamba, F., Bender, R., Bernardeau, F., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cropper, M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Dinis, J., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Ealet, A., Farina, M., Faustini, F., Ferriol, S., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Gillard, W., Gillis, B., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Holmes, W., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Ilić, S., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kubik, B., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mainetti, G., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marcin, S., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Munari, E., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paech, K., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sakr, Z., Salvignol, J. -C., Sánchez, A. G., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tavagnacco, D., Taylor, A. N., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zucca, E., Bolzonella, M., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Farinelli, R., Finelli, F., Gracia-Carpio, J., Matthew, S., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Ballardini, M., Bertacca, D., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Böhringer, H., Borgani, S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Cañas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Caro, F., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., Costanzi, M., Cucciati, O., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ezziati, M., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finoguenov, A., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gasparetto, T., Gautard, V., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gutierrez, C. M., Hall, A., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Lesgourgues, J., Liaudat, T. I., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martín-Fleitas, J., Martins, C. J. A. P., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Miluzio, M., Monaco, P., Montoro, A., Mora, A., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Pagano, L., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Potter, D., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Sarpa, E., Schneider, A., Schultheis, M., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Stanford, S. A., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., and Vielzeuf, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We investigate the level of accuracy and precision of cluster weak-lensing (WL) masses measured with the \Euclid data processing pipeline. We use the DEMNUni-Cov $N$-body simulations to assess how well the WL mass probes the true halo mass, and, then, how well WL masses can be recovered in the presence of measurement uncertainties. We consider different halo mass density models, priors, and mass point estimates. WL mass differs from true mass due to, e.g., the intrinsic ellipticity of sources, correlated or uncorrelated matter and large-scale structure, halo triaxiality and orientation, and merging or irregular morphology. In an ideal scenario without observational or measurement errors, the maximum likelihood estimator is the most accurate, with WL masses biased low by $\langle b_M \rangle = -14.6 \pm 1.7 \, \%$ on average over the full range $M_\text{200c} > 5 \times 10^{13} \, M_\odot$ and $z < 1$. Due to the stabilising effect of the prior, the biweight, mean, and median estimates are more precise. The scatter decreases with increasing mass and informative priors significantly reduce the scatter. Halo mass density profiles with a truncation provide better fits to the lensing signal, while the accuracy and precision are not significantly affected. We further investigate the impact of additional sources of systematic uncertainty on the WL mass, namely the impact of photometric redshift uncertainties and source selection, the expected performance of \Euclid cluster detection algorithms, and the presence of masks. Taken in isolation, we find that the largest effect is induced by non-conservative source selection. This effect can be mostly removed with a robust selection. As a final \Euclid-like test, we combine systematic effects in a realistic observational setting and find results similar to the ideal case, $\langle b_M \rangle = - 15.5 \pm 2.4 \, \%$, under a robust selection.
Published: 2024

19. Euclid preparation. L. Calibration of the linear halo bias in $\Lambda(\nu)$CDM cosmologies

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Castro, T., Fumagalli, A., Angulo, R. E., Bocquet, S., Borgani, S., Costanzi, M., Dakin, J., Dolag, K., Monaco, P., Saro, A., Sefusatti, E., Aghanim, N., Amendola, L., Andreon, S., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Caillat, A., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Costille, A., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Di Giorgio, A. M., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Holmes, W., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Ilić, S., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kubik, B., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., Medinaceli, E., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Renzi, A., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Saglia, R., Sakr, Z., Salvignol, J. -C., Sánchez, A. G., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schirmer, M., Secroun, A., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zacchei, A., Zamorani, G., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Finelli, F., Gracia-Carpio, J., Matthew, S., Mauri, N., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Porciani, C., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Balaguera-Antolinez, A., Ballardini, M., Bertacca, D., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Böhringer, H., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Cañas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Caro, F., Carvalho, C. S., Chambers, K. C., Cooray, A. R., De Caro, B., de la Torre, S., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finoguenov, A., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gasparetto, T., Gautard, V., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gutierrez, C. M., Hall, A., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Lesgourgues, J., Liaudat, T. I., Loureiro, A., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Miluzio, M., Montoro, A., Mora, A., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Pagano, L., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Potter, D., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Sarpa, E., Schneider, A., Sereno, M., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Tessore, N., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., and Vielzeuf, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The Euclid mission, designed to map the geometry of the dark Universe, presents an unprecedented opportunity for advancing our understanding of the cosmos through its photometric galaxy cluster survey. This paper focuses on enhancing the precision of halo bias (HB) predictions, which is crucial for deriving cosmological constraints from the clustering of galaxy clusters. Our study is based on the peak-background split (PBS) model linked to the halo mass function (HMF); it extends with a parametric correction to precisely align with results from an extended set of $N$-body simulations carried out with the OpenGADGET3 code. Employing simulations with fixed and paired initial conditions, we meticulously analyze the matter-halo cross-spectrum and model its covariance using a large number of mock catalogs generated with Lagrangian Perturbation Theory simulations with the PINOCCHIO code. This ensures a comprehensive understanding of the uncertainties in our HB calibration. Our findings indicate that the calibrated HB model is remarkably resilient against changes in cosmological parameters including those involving massive neutrinos. The robustness and adaptability of our calibrated HB model provide an important contribution to the cosmological exploitation of the cluster surveys to be provided by the Euclid mission. This study highlights the necessity of continuously refining the calibration of cosmological tools like the HB to match the advancing quality of observational data. As we project the impact of our model on cosmological constraints, we find that, given the sensitivity of the Euclid survey, a miscalibration of the HB could introduce biases in cluster cosmology analyses. Our work fills this critical gap, ensuring the HB calibration matches the expected precision of the Euclid survey. The implementation of our model is publicly available in https://github.com/TiagoBsCastro/CCToolkit., Comment: 20 pages; 12 figures; accepted for publication in A&A; abstract abridged for arXiv submission
Published: 2024
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20. Euclid preparation. XLIX. Selecting active galactic nuclei using observed colours

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Bisigello, L., Massimo, M., Tortora, C., Fotopoulou, S., Allevato, V., Bolzonella, M., Gruppioni, C., Pozzetti, L., Rodighiero, G., Serjeant, S., Cunha, P. A. C., Gabarra, L., Feltre, A., Humphrey, A., La Franca, F., Landt, H., Mannucci, F., Prandoni, I., Radovich, M., Ricci, F., Salvato, M., Shankar, F., Stern, D., Spinoglio, L., Vergani, D., Vignali, C., Zamorani, G., Yung, L. Y. A., Charlot, S., Aghanim, N., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Battaglia, P., Bender, R., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brau-Nogue, S., Brescia, M., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castander, F. J., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Corcione, L., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cropper, M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Ealet, A., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Franzetti, P., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Granett, B. R., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Jahnke, K., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kitching, T., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Surace, C., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Wang, Y., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bozzo, E., Colodro-Conde, C., Di Ferdinando, D., Fabbian, G., Graciá-Carpio, J., Marcin, S., Mauri, N., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Akrami, Y., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Borgani, S., Borla, A. S., Bruton, S., Burigana, C., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Coupon, A. R. Cooray J., Cucciati, O., Davini, S., De Lucia, G., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Escoffier, S., Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gregorio, A., Hildebrandt, H., Muñoz, A. Jiminez, Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mainetti, G., Maoli, R., Martinelli, M., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Monaco, P., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Pöntinen, M., Rocci, P. -F., Sánchez, A. G., Schneider, A., Sereno, M., Simon, P., Stadel, J., Stanford, S. A., Steinwagner, J., Testera, G., Tewes, M., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valiviita, J., Viel, M., and Zinchenko, I. A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Euclid will cover over 14000 $deg^{2}$ with two optical and near-infrared spectro-photometric instruments, and is expected to detect around ten million active galactic nuclei (AGN). This unique data set will make a considerable impact on our understanding of galaxy evolution and AGN. In this work we identify the best colour selection criteria for AGN, based only on Euclid photometry or including ancillary photometric observations, such as the data that will be available with the Rubin legacy survey of space and time (LSST) and observations already available from Spitzer/IRAC. The analysis is performed for unobscured AGN, obscured AGN, and composite (AGN and star-forming) objects. We make use of the spectro-photometric realisations of infrared-selected targets at all-z (SPRITZ) to create mock catalogues mimicking both the Euclid Wide Survey (EWS) and the Euclid Deep Survey (EDS). Using these catalogues we estimate the best colour selection, maximising the harmonic mean (F1) of completeness and purity. The selection of unobscured AGN in both Euclid surveys is possible with Euclid photometry alone with F1=0.22-0.23, which can increase to F1=0.43-0.38 if we limit at z>0.7. Such selection is improved once the Rubin/LSST filters (a combination of the u, g, r, or z filters) are considered, reaching F1=0.84 and 0.86 for the EDS and EWS, respectively. The combination of a Euclid colour with the [3.6]-[4.5] colour, which is possible only in the EDS, results in an F1-score of 0.59, improving the results using only Euclid filters, but worse than the selection combining Euclid and LSST. The selection of composite ($f_{{\rm AGN}}$=0.05-0.65 at 8-40 $\mu m$) and obscured AGN is challenging, with F1<0.3 even when including ancillary data. This is driven by the similarities between the broad-band spectral energy distribution of these AGN and star-forming galaxies in the wavelength range 0.3-5 $\mu m$., Comment: 25 pages, 28 figures, accepted for publication on A&A
Published: 2024

21. Euclid preparation. LIX. Angular power spectra from discrete observations

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Tessore, N., Joachimi, B., Loureiro, A., Hall, A., Cañas-Herrera, G., Tutusaus, I., Jeffrey, N., Naidoo, K., McEwen, J. D., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bernardeau, F., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Caillat, A., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cropper, M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Dinis, J., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Faustini, F., Ferriol, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Gillard, W., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Hoekstra, H., Holmes, W., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kubik, B., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mainetti, G., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Mohr, J. J., Moresco, M., Morin, B., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Nakajima, R., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Raison, F., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sakr, Z., Sánchez, A. G., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Seiffert, M., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Finelli, F., Gracia-Carpio, J., Matthew, S., Mauri, N., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Scottez, V., Mancini, A. Spurio, Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Anselmi, S., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Balaguera-Antolinez, A., Ballardini, M., Benielli, D., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Böhringer, H., Borgani, S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Quevedo, B. Camacho, Cappi, A., Caro, F., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Cooray, A. R., de la Torre, S., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finoguenov, A., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gasparetto, T., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gutierrez, C. M., Hartley, W. G., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Joudaki, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Kruk, S., Lacasa, F., Lattanzi, M., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Lesgourgues, J., Liaudat, T. I., Macias-Perez, J., Magliocchetti, M., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martín-Fleitas, J., Martins, C. J. A. P., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Miluzio, M., Monaco, P., Montoro, A., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Murray, C., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Potter, D., Reimberg, P., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Rollins, R. P., Sahlén, M., Sarpa, E., Schneider, A., Sereno, M., Simon, P., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., Vielzeuf, P., Brown, M. L., and Sellentin, E.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the framework for measuring angular power spectra in the Euclid mission. The observables in galaxy surveys, such as galaxy clustering and cosmic shear, are not continuous fields, but discrete sets of data, obtained only at the positions of galaxies. We show how to compute the angular power spectra of such discrete data sets, without treating observations as maps of an underlying continuous field that is overlaid with a noise component. This formalism allows us to compute exact theoretical expectations for our measured spectra, under a number of assumptions that we track explicitly. In particular, we obtain exact expressions for the additive biases ("shot noise") in angular galaxy clustering and cosmic shear. For efficient practical computations, we introduce a spin-weighted spherical convolution with a well-defined convolution theorem, which allows us to apply exact theoretical predictions to finite-resolution maps, including HEALPix. When validating our methodology, we find that our measurements are biased by less than 1% of their statistical uncertainty in simulations of Euclid's first data release., Comment: 27 pages, 12 figures. Code available at https://github.com/heracles-ec/heracles. v2: Author Accepted Manuscript
Published: 2024

22. The Extended Mapping Obscuration to Reionization with ALMA (Ex-MORA) Survey: 5$\sigma$ Source Catalog and Redshift Distribution

Author: Long, Arianna S., Casey, Caitlin M., McKinney, Jed, Zavala, Jorge A., Akins, Hollis B., Cooper, Olivia R., Lambrides, Matthieu Bethermin Erini L., Franco, Maximilien, Caputi, Karina, Champagne, Jaclyn B., Man, Allison W. S., Treister, Ezequiel, Manning, Sinclaire M., Sanders, David B., Talia, Margherita, Aravena, Manuel, Clements, D. L., da Cunha, Elisabete, Faisst, Andreas L., Gentile, Fabrizio, Hodge, Jacqueline, Brammer, Gabriel, Brusa, Marcella, Finkelstein, Steven L., Fujimoto, Seiji, Hayward, Christopher C., Ilbert, Olivier, Jolly, Jean-Baptiste, Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S., Knudsen, Kirsten, Koekemoer, Anton M., Liu, Daizhong, Magdis, Georgios, McCracken, Henry Joy, Rhodes, Jason, Robertson, Brant E., Scoville, Nick, Sheth, Kartik, Smolcic, Vernesa, Spilker, Justin, Taniguchi, Yoshiaki, Toft, Sune, Urry, C. Megan, and Yun, Min
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: One of the greatest challenges in galaxy evolution over the last decade has been constraining the prevalence of heavily dust-obscured galaxies in the early Universe. At $z>3$, these galaxies are increasingly rare, and difficult to identify as they are interspersed among the more numerous dust-obscured galaxy population at $z=1-3$, making efforts to secure confident spectroscopic redshifts expensive, and sometimes unsuccessful. In this work, we present the Extended Mapping Obscuration to Reionization with ALMA (Ex-MORA) Survey -- a 2mm blank-field survey in the COSMOS-Web field, and the largest ever ALMA blank-field survey to-date covering 577 arcmin$^2$. Ex-MORA is an expansion of the MORA survey designed to identify primarily $z>3$ dusty, star-forming galaxies while simultaneously filtering out the more numerous $z<3$ population by leveraging the very negative $K$-correction at observed-frame 2mm. We identify 37 significant ($>$5$\sigma$) sources, 33 of which are robust thermal dust emitters. We measure a median redshift of $\langle z \rangle = 3.6^{+0.1}_{-0.2}$, with two-thirds of the sample at $z>3$, and just under half at $z>4$, demonstrating the overall success of the 2mm-selection technique. The integrated $z>3$ volume density of Ex-MORA sources is $\sim1-3\times10^{-5}$ Mpc$^{-3}$, consistent with other surveys of infrared luminous galaxies at similar epochs. We also find that techniques using rest-frame optical emission (or lack thereof) to identify $z>3$ heavily dust-obscured galaxies miss at least half of Ex-MORA galaxies. This supports the idea that the dusty galaxy population is heterogeneous, and that synergies across observatories spanning multiple energy regimes are critical to understanding their formation and evolution at $z>3$., Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, submitted to ApJ; fully reduced mosaic will be shared upon publication
Published: 2024

23. Not-so-little Red Dots: Two massive and dusty starbursts at z~5-7 pushing the limits of star formation discovered by JWST in the COSMOS-Web survey

Author: Gentile, Fabrizio, Casey, Caitlin M., Akins, Hollis B., Franco, Maximilien, McKinney, Jed, Berman, Edward, Cooper, Olivia R., Drakos, Nicole E., Hirschmann, Michaela, Long, Arianna S., Magdis, Georgios, Koekemoer, Anton M., Kokorev, Vasily, Shuntov, Marko, Talia, Margherita, Allen, Natalie, Harish, Santosh, Ilbert, Olivier, McCracken, Henry J., Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S., Liu, Daizhong, Paquereau, Louise, Rhodes, Jason, Rich, Michael R., Robertson, Brant, Toft, Sune, and Gozaliasl, Ghassem
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the properties of two candidate massive ($M_\star\sim10^{11}M_\odot$) and dusty ($A_{\rm v}>2.5$ mag) galaxies at $z=5-7$ in the first 0.28 deg$^2$ of the COSMOS-Web survey. One object is spectroscopically confirmed at $z_{\rm spec}=5.051$, while the other has a robust $z_{\rm phot}=6.7\pm0.3$. Thanks to their extremely red colors ($F277W-F444W\sim1.7$ mag), these galaxies satisfy the nominal color-selection for the widely-studied ``little red dot" (LRD) population with the exception of their spatially-resolved morphologies. The morphology of our targets allows us to conclude that their red continuum is dominated by highly obscured stellar emission and not by reddened nuclear activity. Using a variety of SED-fitting tools and star formation histories, we estimate the stellar masses to be $\log(M_\star)=11.32^{+0.07}_{-0.15}$ $M_\odot$ and $\log(M_\star)=11.2^{+0.1}_{-0.2}$ $M_\odot$, respectively, with a red continuum emission dominated by a recent episode of star formation. We then compare their number density to the halo mass function to infer stellar baryon fractions of $\epsilon_\star\sim0.25$ and $\epsilon_\star\sim0.5$. Both are significantly higher than what is commonly observed in lower-z galaxies or more dust-obscured galaxies at similar redshifts. With very bright ultra-high-z Lyman-Break Galaxies and some non-AGN dominated LRDs, such ``extended" LRDs represent another population that may require very efficient star formation at early times., Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in ApJL
Published: 2024
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24. Euclid Preparation. Cosmic Dawn Survey: Data release 1 multiwavelength catalogues for Euclid Deep Field North and Euclid Deep Field Fornax

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Zalesky, L., McPartland, C. J. R., Weaver, J. R., Toft, S., Sanders, D. B., Mobasher, B., Suzuki, N., Szapudi, I., Valdes, I., Murphree, G., Chartab, N., Allen, N., Taamoli, S., Barrow, S. W. J., Ortiz, O. Chávez, Finkelstein, S. L., Gwyn, S., Sawicki, M., McCracken, H. J., Stern, D., Dannerbauer, H., Altieri, B., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castander, F. J., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Corcione, L., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fotopoulou, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., Gillard, W., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Haugan, S. V. H., Hoekstra, H., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kubik, B., Kuijken, K., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Laureijs, R., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mainetti, G., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., Mei, S., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Neissner, C., Niemi, S. -M., Nightingale, J. W., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sakr, Z., Sapone, D., Scaramella, R., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Sefusatti, E., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Tallada-Crespí, P., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zucca, E., Bolzonella, M., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Farinelli, R., Gracia-Carpio, J., Mauri, N., Nucita, A. A., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Ballardini, M., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Borgani, S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Chary, R., Contarini, S., Contini, T., Cooray, A. R., De Caro, B., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Hall, A., Hartley, W. G., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Huertas-Company, M., Ilbert, O., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Libet, G., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mancini, C., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Monaco, P., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Walton, Nicholas A., Odier, J., Patrizii, L., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Reimberg, P., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Scarlata, C., Schneider, A., Sereno, M., Silvestri, A., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stanford, S. A., Tao, C., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., and Zinchenko, I. A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The Cosmic Dawn Survey (DAWN survey) provides multiwavelength (UV/optical to mid-IR) data across the combined 59 deg$^{2}$ of the Euclid Deep and Auxiliary fields (EDFs and EAFs). Here, the first public data release (DR1) from the DAWN survey is presented. DR1 catalogues are made available for a subset of the full DAWN survey that consists of two Euclid Deep fields: Euclid Deep Field North (EDF-N) and Euclid Deep Field Fornax (EDF-F). The DAWN survey DR1 catalogues do not include $Euclid$ data as they are not yet public for these fields. Nonetheless, each field has been covered by the ongoing Hawaii Twenty Square Degree Survey (H20), which includes imaging from CFHT MegaCam in the new $u$ filter and from Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) in the $griz$ filters. Each field is further covered by $Spitzer$/IRAC 3.6-4.5$\mu$m imaging spanning 10 deg$^{2}$ and reaching $\sim$25 mag AB (5$\sigma$). All present H20 imaging and all publicly available imaging from the aforementioned facilities are combined with the deep $Spitzer$/IRAC data to create source catalogues spanning a total area of 16.87 deg$^{2}$ in EDF-N and 2.85 deg$^{2}$ in EDF-F for this first release. Photometry is measured using The Farmer, a well-validated model-based photometry code. Photometric redshifts and stellar masses are computed using two independent codes for modeling spectral energy distributions: EAZY and LePhare. Photometric redshifts show good agreement with spectroscopic redshifts ($\sigma_{\rm NMAD} \sim 0.5, \eta < 8\%$ at $i < 25$). Number counts, photometric redshifts, and stellar masses are further validated in comparison to the COSMOS2020 catalogue. The DAWN survey DR1 catalogues are designed to be of immediate use in these two EDFs and will be continuously updated. Future data releases will provide catalogues of all EDFs and EAFs and include $Euclid$ data.
Published: 2024

25. Euclid preparation. The Cosmic Dawn Survey (DAWN) of the Euclid Deep and Auxiliary Fields

Author: Euclid Collaboration, McPartland, C. J. R., Zalesky, L., Weaver, J. R., Toft, S., Sanders, D. B., Mobasher, B., Suzuki, N., Szapudi, I., Valdes, I., Murphree, G., Chartab, N., Allen, N., Taamoli, S., Eisenhardt, P. R. M., Arnouts, S., Atek, H., Brinchmann, J., Castellano, M., Chary, R., Ortiz, O. Chávez, Cuby, J. -G., Finkelstein, S. L., Goto, T., Gwyn, S., Harikane, Y., Inoue, A. K., McCracken, H. J., Mohr, J. J., Oesch, P. A., Ouchi, M., Oguri, M., Rhodes, J., Rottgering, H. J. A., Sawicki, M., Scaramella, R., Scarlata, C., Silverman, J. D., Stern, D., Teplitz, H. I., Shuntov, M., Altieri, B., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Aussel, H., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bender, R., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castander, F. J., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Fabricius, M., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fotopoulou, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., George, K., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Hoekstra, H., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kitching, T., Kubik, B., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mainetti, G., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Nakajima, R., Neissner, C., Niemi, S. -M., Nightingale, J. W., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sakr, Z., Sánchez, A. G., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Surace, C., Tallada-Crespi, P., Tavagnacco, D., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Di Ferdinando, D., Farinelli, R., Gracia-Carpio, J., Mauri, N., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Ballardini, M., Bethermin, M., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Cañas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., Coupon, J., Davini, S., de la Torre, S., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gautard, V., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gregorio, A., Hall, A., Hartley, W. G., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Huertas-Company, M., Ilbert, O., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Libet, G., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mancini, C., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maturi, M., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Monaco, P., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Musi, P., Walton, Nicholas A., Odier, J., Patrizii, L., Pöntinen, M., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Reimberg, P., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Schneider, A., Sereno, M., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stanford, S. A., Tao, C., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., and Shankar, F.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Euclid will provide deep NIR imaging to $\sim$26.5 AB magnitude over $\sim$59 deg$^2$ in its deep and auxiliary fields. The Cosmic DAWN survey complements the deep Euclid data with matched depth multiwavelength imaging and spectroscopy in the UV--IR to provide consistently processed Euclid selected photometric catalogs, accurate photometric redshifts, and measurements of galaxy properties to a redshift of $z\sim 10$. In this paper, we present an overview of the survey, including the footprints of the survey fields, the existing and planned observations, and the primary science goals for the combined data set., Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures, submitted to A&A; Updated references; Updated author list
Published: 2024

26. COSMOS Brightest Group Galaxies -- III: Evolution of stellar ages

Author: Gozaliasl, G., Finoguenov, A., Babul, A., Ilbert, O., Sargent, M., Vardoulaki, E., Faisst, A. L., Liu, Z., Shuntov, M., Cooper, O., Dolag, K., Toft, S., Magdis, G. E., Toni, G., Mobasher, B., Barré, R., Cui, W., and Rennehan, D.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The unique characteristics of the brightest group galaxies (BGGs) link the evolutionary continuum between galaxies like the Milky Way and more massive BCGs in dense clusters. This study investigates the stellar properties of BGGs over cosmic time (z = 0.08-1.30), extending our previous work (Gozaliasl et al. 2016, 2018; Paper I and Paper II). We analyze data of 246 BGGs from our X-ray galaxy group catalog in the COSMOS field, examining stellar age, mass, star formation rate (SFR), specific SFR (sSFR), and halo mass. Comparisons are made with Millennium and Magneticum simulations. We explore the variation of stellar properties with the projected offset from the X-ray peak or host halo center. Using a mock galaxy catalog, we evaluated the accuracy of SED-derived stellar ages, finding a mean absolute error of about one Gyr. Observed BGG age distributions show a bias towards younger ages compared to semi-analytical models and the Magneticum simulation. Our analysis of stellar age versus mass reveals trends with a positive slope, suggesting complex evolutionary pathways across redshifts. We observe a negative correlation between stellar age and SFR across all redshift ranges. Using a cosmic-time-dependent main sequence framework, we identify star-forming BGGs, finding that about 20% of BGGs in the local universe exhibit star-forming characteristics, increasing to 50% at $z=1.0$. Our findings support an inside-out formation scenario for BGGs, where older stellar populations are near the X-ray peak and younger populations at larger offsets indicate ongoing star formation. The distribution of stellar ages for lower-mass BGGs ($10^{10-11} M_\odot$) deviates from constant ages predicted by models, highlighting current models' limitations in capturing galaxies' complex star formation histories., Comment: 24 Pages, 45 figures
Published: 2024
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27. Assessment of Patients with Head and Neck Cancer Using the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory: Results of a Study into Its Comprehensiveness, Comprehensibility and Relevance to Clinical Practice

Author: Kate Toft, Catherine Best, and Jayne Donaldson
Abstract: Background: The MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) is a widely used patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) which assesses dysphagia-related quality of life (QoL) in head and neck cancer (HNC). Despite its common use in HNC research and clinical practice, few of its psychometric properties have been reappraised since its inception. The aim of this study was to perform a survey-based qualitative analysis of UK HNC clinicians' perceptions of the content validity of the MDADI, evaluating it across the parameters of relevance, comprehensiveness and comprehensibility as per the COSMIN guideline for PROM assessment. Results: Four themes relating to the content validity of the MDADI were identified: (1) MDADI items lack clarity of definition of the terms 'swallowing', 'eating' and 'dysphagia'; (2) the MDADI is perceived to be overly negative in tone including items that service users may find distressing or disempowering; (3) items in the tool are exclusory to specific subgroups of patients, such as those who are nil by mouth or socially isolated; and (4) modifications to the MDADI were suggested and encouraged to make it more clinically useful and patient-centred. Conclusions: This study indicates that MDADI's content validity is 'insufficient' when rated by COSMIN parameters. This has significant implications for its continued use in HNC research and clinical practice. Further re-evaluation of the content validity of the MDADI is warranted, with potential future amendment of items being indicated if the results of this study are corroborated in subsequent research.
Published: 2024
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28. The genetic landscape of basal ganglia and implications for common brain disorders.

Author: Bahrami, Shahram, Nordengen, Kaja, Rokicki, Jaroslav, Shadrin, Alexey, Rahman, Zillur, Smeland, Olav, Jaholkowski, Piotr, Parker, Nadine, Parekh, Pravesh, OConnell, Kevin, Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn, Toft, Mathias, Djurovic, Srdjan, Dale, Anders, Westlye, Lars, Kaufmann, Tobias, and Andreassen, Ole
Subjects: Humans, Basal Ganglia, Genome-Wide Association Study, Parkinson Disease, Female, Male, Middle Aged, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Aged, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Alzheimer Disease, Brain Diseases, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, White People, Adult
Abstract: The basal ganglia are subcortical brain structures involved in motor control, cognition, and emotion regulation. We conducted univariate and multivariate genome-wide association analyses (GWAS) to explore the genetic architecture of basal ganglia volumes using brain scans obtained from 34,794 Europeans with replication in 4,808 white and generalization in 5,220 non-white Europeans. Our multivariate GWAS identified 72 genetic loci associated with basal ganglia volumes with a replication rate of 55.6% at P
Published: 2024

29. Euclid preparation. Exploring the properties of proto-clusters in the Simulated Euclid Wide Survey

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Böhringer, H., Chon, G., Cucciati, O., Dannerbauer, H., Bolzonella, M., De Lucia, G., Cappi, A., Moscardini, L., Giocoli, C., Castignani, G., Hatch, N. A., Andreon, S., Bañados, E., Ettori, S., Fontanot, F., Gully, H., Hirschmann, M., Maturi, M., Mei, S., Pozzetti, L., Schlenker, T., Spinelli, M., Aghanim, N., Altieri, B., Auricchio, N., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castander, F. J., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Faustini, F., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Gillis, B., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Haugan, S. V. H., Holmes, W., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kubik, B., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mainetti, G., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., Medinaceli, E., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sakr, Z., Sánchez, A. G., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Scodeggio, M., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zucca, E., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Finelli, F., Gracia-Carpio, J., Matthew, S., Mauri, N., Pöntinen, M., Porciani, C., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Alvi, S., Anselmi, S., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Balaguera-Antolinez, A., Ballardini, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Borgani, S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Caro, F., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., Costanzi, M., De Caro, B., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gasparetto, T., Gautard, V., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gonzalez, A. H., Gozaliasl, G., Gutierrez, C. M., Hall, A., Hartley, W. G., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Lesgourgues, J., Liaudat, T. I., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mancini, C., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Miluzio, M., Monaco, P., Montoro, A., Mora, A., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Walton, Nicholas A., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Potter, D., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Schneider, A., Schultheis, M., Sereno, M., Shankar, F., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Stanford, S. A., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., and Verza, G.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Galaxy proto-clusters are receiving an increased interest since most of the processes shaping the structure of clusters of galaxies and their galaxy population are happening at early stages of their formation. The Euclid Survey will provide a unique opportunity to discover a large number of proto-clusters over a large fraction of the sky (14 500 square degrees). In this paper, we explore the expected observational properties of proto-clusters in the Euclid Wide Survey by means of theoretical models and simulations. We provide an overview of the predicted proto-cluster extent, galaxy density profiles, mass-richness relations, abundance, and sky-filling as a function of redshift. Useful analytical approximations for the functions of these properties are provided. The focus is on the redshift range z= 1.5 to 4. We discuss in particular the density contrast with which proto-clusters can be observed against the background in the galaxy distribution if photometric galaxy redshifts are used as supplied by the ESA Euclid mission together with the ground-based photometric surveys. We show that the obtainable detection significance is sufficient to find large numbers of interesting proto-cluster candidates. For quantitative studies, additional spectroscopic follow-up is required to confirm the proto-clusters and establish their richness., Comment: Submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysics, 24 pages, 28 figures
Published: 2024
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30. Norm estimates for a broad class of modulation spaces, and continuity of Fourier type operators

Author: Toft, Joachim, Pfeuffer, Christine, and Teofanov, Nenad
Subjects: Mathematics - Functional Analysis
Abstract: Let $\mathscr B$ be a normal quasi-Banach function space with respect to $r_0 \in (0,1]$ and $v_0$, $\omega$ be $v$-moderate, and let $r\in [r_0,\infty ]$. Then we prove that $f$ belongs to the modulation space $M(\omega ,\mathscr B )$, iff $V_\phi f$ belongs to the Wiener amalgam space $W ^r(\omega ,\mathscr B )$, and $$ \| f \| _{M(\omega , \mathscr B)} \asymp \| V _\phi f \, \omega \| _{\mathscr B} \asymp \| V _\phi f\| _{W ^r(\omega, \mathscr B)}. $$ We also use the results to deduce continuity for pseudo-differential operators with symbols in weighted $M^{\infty,r_0}$-spaces, with $r_0\le 1$, when acting on $M(\omega ,\mathscr B )$-spaces., Comment: Title for 1st version: "On a broad family of quasi-Banach modulation spaces" This is the third version, which is extended with lifting properties for modulation spaces, and with convolution properties. It now has 63 p. (39 p. in 2nd version)
Published: 2024

31. Non-isotropic translation and modulation invariant Hilbert spaces

Author: Ratnakumar, P. K., Toft, Joachim, and Vindas, Jasson
Subjects: Mathematics - Functional Analysis
Abstract: Let $\mathcal H$ be a Hilbert space of distributions on $\mathbf R^d$ which contains at least one non-zero element in $\mathscr D '(\mathbf R^d)$. If there is a constant $C_0>0$ such that $$ \nm {e^{i\scal \cdo \xi}f(\cdo -x)}{\mathcal H}\le C_0\nm f{\mathcal H}, \qquad f\in \mathcal H ,\ x,\xi \in \mathbf R^d, $$ then we prove that $\maclH = L^2(\mathbf R^d)$, with equivalent norms., Comment: 12 pages. This is the second version of the document. We have included a proof of that each Hilbert space, considered in the paper must be separable. The new author team is P. K. Ratnakumar, J. Toft and J. Vindas
Published: 2024

32. A photo-z cautionary tale: Redshift confirmation of COSBO-7 at z=2.625

Author: Jin, Shuowen, Sillassen, Nikolaj B., Hodge, Jacqueline, Magdis, Georgios E., Rizzo, Francesca, Casey, Caitlin, Koekemoer, Anton M., Valentino, Francesco, Kokorev, Vasily, Magnelli, Benjamin, Gobat, Raphael, Gillman, Steven, Franco, Maximilien, Faisst, Andreas, Kartaltepe, Jeyhan, Schinnerer, Eva, Toft, Sune, Algera, Hiddo S. B., Harish, Santosh, Lee, Minju, Liu, Daizhong, Shuntov, Marko, Talia, Margherita, and Vijayan, Aswin
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Photometric redshifts are widely used in studies of dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs), but catastrophic photo-$z$ failure can undermine all redshift-dependent results. Here we report the spectroscopic redshift confirmation of COSBO-7, a strongly lensed DSFG in the COSMOS-PRIMER field. Recently, a photometric redshift solution of $z\gtrsim7.0$ was reported for COSBO-7 based on ten bands of {\it James Webb} Space Telescope (JWST) NIRCam and MIRI imaging data. This $z$ value was favored by four independent spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting codes, and the result provided an appealing candidate for the most distant massive DSFG known to date. This photo-$z$ solution was also supported by a single line detection in Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) Band 3 consistent with CO(7-6) at $z=7.46$. However, our new ALMA observations robustly detect two lines in Band 6 identified as CO(7-6) and [CI](2-1) at $z_{\rm spec}=2.625$, and thus the Band 3 line as CO(3-2). These three robust line detections decidedly place COSBO-7 at $z=2.625$, refuting the photo-$z$ solution. We derive physical parameters by fitting near-infrared(NIR)-to-millimeter(mm) photometry and lens modeling, revealing that COSBO-7 is a main sequence galaxy. We examine possible reasons for this photo-$z$ failure and attribute it to (1) the likely underestimation of photometric uncertainties at 0.9\,$\mu$m and 1.15 \,$\mu$m; and (2) the lack of photometry at wavelengths beyond 20\,$\mu$m. Notably, we recover a bona fide $z_{\rm phot}\sim 2.3$ by including the existing MIPS $24\,\mu$m photometry, demonstrating the critical importance of mid-infrared (MIR) data in bolstering photo-$z$ measurements. This work highlights a common challenge in modeling the SEDs of DSFGs, and provides a cautionary tale regarding the reliability of photometric redshifts as well as pseudo-spectroscopic redshifts based on single line detection., Comment: Published in A&A
Published: 2024
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33. Euclid preparation. LI. Forecasting the recovery of galaxy physical properties and their relations with template-fitting and machine-learning methods

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Enia, A., Bolzonella, M., Pozzetti, L., Humphrey, A., Cunha, P. A. C., Hartley, W. G., Dubath, F., Paltani, S., Lopez, X. Lopez, Quai, S., Bardelli, S., Bisigello, L., Cavuoti, S., De Lucia, G., Ginolfi, M., Grazian, A., Siudek, M., Tortora, C., Zamorani, G., Aghanim, N., Altieri, B., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castander, F. J., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Corcione, L., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Fabricius, M., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fosalba, P., Fotopoulou, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Grupp, F., Haugan, S. V. H., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Jahnke, K., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kubik, B., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., McCracken, H. J., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Neissner, C., Niemi, S. -M., Nightingale, J. W., Padilla, C., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Pettorino, V., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sakr, Z., Sapone, D., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Scodeggio, M., Secroun, A., Sefusatti, E., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Surace, C., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tavagnacco, D., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Boucaud, A., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Gracia-Carpio, J., Mauri, N., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Porciani, C., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Ballardini, M., Bergamini, P., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Borgani, S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Canas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Contini, T., Cooray, A. R., Cucciati, O., Davini, S., De Caro, B., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finoguenov, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gautard, V., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gozaliasl, G., Hall, A., Hemmati, S., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Joudaki, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mancini, C., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Monaco, P., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Walton, Nicholas A., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Potter, D., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Schneider, A., Schultheis, M., Sereno, M., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stanford, S. A., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., Zinchenko, I. A., Rodighiero, G., and Talia, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Euclid will collect an enormous amount of data during the mission's lifetime, observing billions of galaxies in the extragalactic sky. Along with traditional template-fitting methods, numerous machine learning algorithms have been presented for computing their photometric redshifts and physical parameters (PPs), requiring significantly less computing effort while producing equivalent performance measures. However, their performance is limited by the quality and amount of input information, to the point where the recovery of some well-established physical relationships between parameters might not be guaranteed. To forecast the reliability of Euclid photo-$z$s and PPs calculations, we produced two mock catalogs simulating Euclid photometry. We simulated the Euclid Wide Survey (EWS) and Euclid Deep Fields (EDF). We tested the performance of a template-fitting algorithm (Phosphoros) and four ML methods in recovering photo-$z$s, PPs (stellar masses and star formation rates), and the SFMS. To mimic the Euclid processing as closely as possible, the models were trained with Phosphoros-recovered labels. For the EWS, we found that the best results are achieved with a mixed labels approach, training the models with wide survey features and labels from the Phosphoros results on deeper photometry, that is, with the best possible set of labels for a given photometry. This imposes a prior, helping the models to better discern cases in degenerate regions of feature space, that is, when galaxies have similar magnitudes and colors but different redshifts and PPs, with performance metrics even better than those found with Phosphoros. We found no more than 3% performance degradation using a COSMOS-like reference sample or removing u band data, which will not be available until after data release DR1. The best results are obtained for the EDF, with appropriate recovery of photo-$z$, PPs, and the SFMS., Comment: 26 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication on A&A
Published: 2024
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34. Euclid preparation. Sensitivity to non-standard particle dark matter model

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Lesgourgues, J., Schwagereit, J., Bucko, J., Parimbelli, G., Giri, S. K., Hervas-Peters, F., Schneider, A., Archidiacono, M., Pace, F., Sakr, Z., Amara, A., Amendola, L., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Aussel, H., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Di Giorgio, A. M., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Hoekstra, H., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Ilić, S., Jahnke, K., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kubik, B., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Laureijs, R., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mainetti, G., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Nakajima, R., Neissner, C., Niemi, S. -M., Nightingale, J. W., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Saglia, R., Sánchez, A. G., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Scaramella, R., Schewtschenko, J. A., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Sefusatti, E., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Fabbian, G., Farinelli, R., Gracia-Carpio, J., Mauri, N., Nucita, A. A., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Anselmi, S., Ballardini, M., Bertacca, D., Blot, L., Böhringer, H., Borgani, S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., Davini, S., De Caro, B., de la Torre, S., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Munñoz, A. Jimenez, Joudaki, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Libet, G., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Monaco, P., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Patrizii, L., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Reimberg, P., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Sereno, M., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Tao, C., Tessore, N., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., and Verza, G.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The Euclid mission of the European Space Agency will provide weak gravitational lensing and galaxy clustering surveys that can be used to constrain the standard cosmological model and its extensions, with an opportunity to test the properties of dark matter beyond the minimal cold dark matter paradigm. We present forecasts from the combination of these surveys on the parameters describing four interesting and representative non-minimal dark matter models: a mixture of cold and warm dark matter relics; unstable dark matter decaying either into massless or massive relics; and dark matter experiencing feeble interactions with relativistic relics. We model these scenarios at the level of the non-linear matter power spectrum using emulators trained on dedicated N-body simulations. We use a mock Euclid likelihood to fit mock data and infer error bars on dark matter parameters marginalised over other parameters. We find that the Euclid photometric probe (alone or in combination with CMB data from the Planck satellite) will be sensitive to the effect of each of the four dark matter models considered here. The improvement will be particularly spectacular for decaying and interacting dark matter models. With Euclid, the bounds on some dark matter parameters can improve by up to two orders of magnitude compared to current limits. We discuss the dependence of predicted uncertainties on different assumptions: inclusion of photometric galaxy clustering data, minimum angular scale taken into account, modelling of baryonic feedback effects. We conclude that the Euclid mission will be able to measure quantities related to the dark sector of particle physics with unprecedented sensitivity. This will provide important information for model building in high-energy physics. Any hint of a deviation from the minimal cold dark matter paradigm would have profound implications for cosmology and particle physics., Comment: 31 pages, 21 figures
Published: 2024

35. COSMOS-Web: The over-abundance and physical nature of 'little red dots'--Implications for early galaxy and SMBH assembly

Author: Akins, Hollis B., Casey, Caitlin M., Lambrides, Erini, Allen, Natalie, Andika, Irham T., Brinch, Malte, Champagne, Jaclyn B., Cooper, Olivia, Ding, Xuheng, Drakos, Nicole E., Faisst, Andreas, Finkelstein, Steven L., Franco, Maximilien, Fujimoto, Seiji, Gentile, Fabrizio, Gillman, Steven, Gozaliasl, Ghassem, Harish, Santosh, Hayward, Christopher C., Hirschmann, Michaela, Ilbert, Olivier, Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S., Kocevski, Dale D., Koekemoer, Anton M., Kokorev, Vasily, Liu, Daizhong, Long, Arianna S., McCracken, Henry Joy, McKinney, Jed, Onoue, Masafusa, Paquereau, Louise, Renzini, Alvio, Rhodes, Jason, Robertson, Brant E., Shuntov, Marko, Silverman, John D., Tanaka, Takumi S., Toft, Sune, Trakhtenbrot, Benny, Valentino, Francesco, and Zavala, Jorge
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: JWST has revealed a population of compact and extremely red galaxies at $z>4$, which likely host active galactic nuclei (AGN). We present a sample of 434 ``little red dots'' (LRDs), selected from the 0.54 deg$^2$ COSMOS-Web survey. We fit galaxy and AGN SED models to derive redshifts and physical properties; the sample spans $z\sim5$-$9$ after removing brown dwarf contaminants. We consider two extreme physical scenarios: either LRDs are all AGN, and their continuum emission is dominated by the accretion disk, or they are all compact star-forming galaxies, and their continuum is dominated by stars. If LRDs are AGN-dominated, our sample exhibits bolometric luminosities $\sim10^{45-47}$ erg\,s$^{-1}$, spanning the gap between JWST AGN in the literature and bright, rare quasars. We derive a bolometric luminosity function (LF) $\sim100$ times the (UV-selected) quasar LF, implying a non-evolving black hole accretion density of $\sim10^{-4}$ M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-3}$ from $z\sim2$-$9$. By contrast, if LRDs are dominated by star formation, we derive stellar masses $\sim10^{8.5-10}\,M_\odot$. MIRI/F770W is key to deriving accurate stellar masses; without it, we derive a mass function inconsistent with $\Lambda$CDM. The median stellar mass profile is broadly consistent with the maximal stellar mass surface densities seen in the nearby universe, though the most massive $\sim50$\% of objects exceed this limit, requiring substantial AGN contribution to the continuum. Nevertheless, stacking all available X-ray, mid-IR, far-IR/sub-mm, and radio data yields non-detections. Whether dominated by dusty AGN, compact star-formation, or both, the high masses/luminosities and remarkable abundance of LRDs implies a dominant mode of early galaxy/SMBH growth., Comment: 27 pages, 13 figures. Submitted to ApJ, comments welcome! Data access at https://github.com/hollisakins/akins24_cw
Published: 2024

36. ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: Physical characterization of near-infrared-dark intrinsically faint ALMA sources at z=2-4

Author: Tsujita, Akiyoshi, Kohno, Kotaro, Huang, Shuo, Oguri, Masamune, Tadaki, Ken-ichi, Smail, Ian, Umehata, Hideki, Gao, Zhen-Kai, Wang, Wei-Hao, Sun, Fengwu, Fujimoto, Seiji, Wang, Tao, Uematsu, Ryosuke, Espada, Daniel, Valentino, Francesco, Ao, Yiping, Bauer, Franz E., Hatsukade, Bunyo, Egusa, Fumi, Nishimura, Yuri, Koekemoer, Anton M., Schaerer, Daniel, Lagos, Claudia, Dessauges-Zavadsky, Miroslava, Brammer, Gabriel, Caputi, Karina, Egami, Eiichi, González-López, Jorge, Jolly, Jean-Baptiste, Knudsen, Kirsten K., Kokorev, Vasily, Magdis, Georgios E., Ouchi, Masami, Toft, Sune, Wu, John F., and Zitrin, Adi
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We present results from Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) spectral line-scan observations at 3-mm and 2-mm bands of three near-infrared-dark (NIR-dark) galaxies behind two massive lensing clusters MACS J0417.5-1154 and RXC J0032.1+1808. Each of these three sources is a faint (de-lensed $S_{\text{1.2 mm}}$ $<$ 1 mJy) triply lensed system originally discovered in the ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey. We have successfully detected CO and [C I] emission lines and confirmed that their spectroscopic redshifts are $z=3.652$, 2.391, and 2.985. By utilizing a rich multi-wavelength data set, we find that the NIR-dark galaxies are located on the star formation main sequence in the intrinsic stellar mass range of log ($M_*$/$M_\odot$) = 9.8 - 10.4, which is about one order of magnitude lower than that of typical submillimeter galaxies (SMGs). These NIR-dark galaxies show a variety in gas depletion times and spatial extent of dust emission. One of the three is a normal star-forming galaxy with gas depletion time consistent with a scaling relation, and its infrared surface brightness is an order of magnitude smaller than that of typical SMGs. Since this galaxy has an elongated axis ratio of $\sim 0.17$, we argue that normal star-forming galaxies in an edge-on configuration can be heavily dust-obscured. This implies that existing deep WFC3/F160W surveys may miss a fraction of typical star-forming main-sequence galaxies due to their edge-on orientation., Comment: 23 pages, 10 figures, Submitted to ApJ
Published: 2024

37. Euclid preparation. Observational expectations for redshift z<7 active galactic nuclei in the Euclid Wide and Deep surveys

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Selwood, M., Fotopoulou, S., Bremer, M. N., Bisigello, L., Landt, H., Bañados, E., Zamorani, G., Shankar, F., Stern, D., Lusso, E., Spinoglio, L., Allevato, V., Ricci, F., Feltre, A., Mannucci, F., Salvato, M., Bowler, R. A. A., Mignoli, M., Vergani, D., La Franca, F., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cropper, M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Dubath, F., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Hoekstra, H., Holliman, M. S., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kubik, B., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Laureijs, R., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Niemi, S. -M., Nightingale, J. W., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Rix, Hans-Walter, Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Scaramella, R., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Surace, C., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tavagnacco, D., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Colodro-Conde, C., De Lucia, G., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Farinelli, R., George, K., Gracia-Carpio, J., Martinelli, M., Mauri, N., Neissner, C., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Anselmi, S., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Borgani, S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Canas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Contini, T., Cooray, A. R., Cucciati, O., Davini, S., De Caro, B., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gautard, V., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Hall, A., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Libet, G., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Monaco, P., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Nicastro, L., Walton, Nicholas A., Patrizii, L., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Sánchez, A. G., Schneider, A., Sefusatti, E., Sereno, M., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Steinwagner, J., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Verza, G., Weaver, J. R., and Zinchenko, I. A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We forecast the expected population of active galactic nuclei (AGN) observable in the Euclid Wide Survey (EWS) and Euclid Deep Survey (EDS). Starting from an X-ray luminosity function (XLF) we generate volume-limited samples of the AGN expected in the survey footprints. Each AGN is assigned an SED appropriate for its X-ray luminosity and redshift, with perturbations sampled from empirical distributions. The photometric detectability of each AGN is assessed via mock observation of the assigned SED. We estimate 40 million AGN will be detectable in at least one band in the EWS and 0.24 million in the EDS, corresponding to surface densities of 2.8$\times$10$^{3}$ deg$^{-2}$ and 4.7$\times$10$^{3}$ deg$^{-2}$. Employing colour selection criteria on our simulated data we select a sample of 4.8$\times$10$^{6}$ (331 deg$^{-2}$) AGN in the EWS and 1.7$\times$10$^{4}$ (346 deg$^{-2}$) in the EDS, amounting to 10% and 8% of the AGN detectable in the EWS and EDS. Including ancillary Rubin/LSST bands improves the completeness and purity of AGN selection. These data roughly double the total number of selected AGN to comprise 21% and 15% of the detectable AGN in the EWS and EDS. The total expected sample of colour-selected AGN contains 6.0$\times$10$^{6}$ (74%) unobscured AGN and 2.1$\times$10$^{6}$ (26%) obscured AGN, covering $0.02 \leq z \lesssim 5.2$ and $43 \leq \log_{10} (L_{bol} / erg s^{-1}) \leq 47$. With this simple colour selection, expected surface densities are already comparable to the yield of modern X-ray and mid-infrared surveys of similar area. The relative uncertainty on our expectation for detectable AGN is 6.7% for the EWS and 12.5% for the EDS, driven by the uncertainty of the XLF., Comment: 36 pages, 21 figures, submitted to A&A
Published: 2024

38. Euclid preparation. LVIII. Detecting globular clusters in the Euclid survey

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Voggel, K., Lançon, A., Saifollahi, T., Larsen, S. S., Cantiello, M., Rejkuba, M., Cuillandre, J. -C., Hudelot, P., Nucita, A. A., Urbano, M., Romelli, E., Raj, M. A., Schirmer, M., Tortora, C., Abdurro'uf, Annibali, F., Baes, M., Boldrini, P., Cabanac, R., Carollo, D., Conselice, C. J., Duc, P. -A., Ferguson, A. M. N., Hunt, L. K., Knapen, J. H., Lonare, P., Marleau, F. R., Paolillo, M., Poulain, M., Sánchez-Janssen, R., Sola, E., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carlberg, R. G., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cropper, M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Dubath, F., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fotopoulou, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., George, K., Gillard, W., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Haugan, S. V. H., Hoekstra, H., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Jahnke, K., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kohley, R., Kubik, B., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Laureijs, R., Liebing, P., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Nakajima, R., Neissner, C., Nichol, R. C., Niemi, S. -M., Nightingale, J. W., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sakr, Z., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Scaramella, R., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Sefusatti, E., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Surace, C., Tallada-Crespí, P., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Farinelli, R., Gracia-Carpio, J., Mauri, N., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Ballardini, M., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Bruton, S., Calabro, A., Canas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., De Caro, B., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gautard, V., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Hall, A., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Ilbert, O., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Libet, G., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Monaco, P., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Walton, Nicholas A., Patrizii, L., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Reimberg, P., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Schneider, A., Sereno, M., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., Zinchenko, I. A., Mamon, G. A., and Scott, D.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Extragalactic globular clusters (EGCs) are an abundant and powerful tracer of galaxy dynamics and formation, and their own formation and evolution is also a matter of extensive debate. The compact nature of globular clusters means that they are hard to spatially resolve and thus study outside the Local Group. In this work we have examined how well EGCs will be detectable in images from the Euclid telescope, using both simulated pre-launch images and the first early-release observations of the Fornax galaxy cluster. The Euclid Wide Survey will provide high-spatial resolution VIS imaging in the broad IE band as well as near-infrared photometry (YE, JE, and HE). We estimate that the galaxies within 100 Mpc in the footprint of the Euclid survey host around 830 000 EGCs of which about 350 000 are within the survey's detection limits. For about half of these EGCs, three infrared colours will be available as well. For any galaxy within 50Mpc the brighter half of its GC luminosity function will be detectable by the Euclid Wide Survey. The detectability of EGCs is mainly driven by the residual surface brightness of their host galaxy. We find that an automated machine-learning EGC-classification method based on real Euclid data of the Fornax galaxy cluster provides an efficient method to generate high purity and high completeness GC candidate catalogues. We confirm that EGCs are spatially resolved compared to pure point sources in VIS images of Fornax. Our analysis of both simulated and first on-sky data show that Euclid will increase the number of GCs accessible with high-resolution imaging substantially compared to previous surveys, and will permit the study of GCs in the outskirts of their hosts. Euclid is unique in enabling systematic studies of EGCs in a spatially unbiased and homogeneous manner and is primed to improve our understanding of many understudied aspects of GC astrophysics., Comment: Accepted in A&A
Published: 2024

39. Euclid: ERO -- NISP-only sources and the search for luminous $z=6-8$ galaxies

Author: Weaver, J. R., Taamoli, S., McPartland, C. J. R., Zalesky, L., Allen, N., Toft, S., Sanders, D. B., Atek, H., Bowler, R. A. A., Stern, D., Conselice, C. J., Mobasher, B., Szapudi, I., Eisenhardt, P. R. M., Murphree, G., Valdes, I., Ito, K., Belladitta, S., Oesch, P. A., Serjeant, S., Mortlock, D. J., Hatch, N. A., Kluge, M., Milvang-Jensen, B., Rodighiero, G., Bañados, E., Diego, J. M., Gavazzi, R., Congedo, G., Shuntov, M., Dole, H., Rocci, P. -F., Saifollahi, T., Miluzio, M., Ezziati, M., Hughes, A. C. N., Cuillandre, J. -C., Laureijs, R., Paltani, S., Schirmer, M., Stone, C., Aghanim, N., Altieri, B., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baldi, M., Balestra, A., Bardelli, S., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castander, F. J., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Corcione, L., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Dupac, X., Ealet, A., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fotopoulou, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Franzetti, P., Galeotta, S., Gillard, W., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Hoar, J., Hoekstra, H., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kitching, T., Kubik, B., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lahav, O., Mignant, D. Le, Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Masters, D. C., Maurogordato, S., McCracken, H. J., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Mohr, J. J., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Nakajima, R., Nichol, R. C., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Tutusaus, I., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zucca, E., Burigana, C., Castignani, G., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Viel, M., Simon, P., Martín-Fleitas, J., and Scott, D.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: This paper presents a search for high redshift galaxies from the Euclid Early Release Observations program "Magnifying Lens." The 1.5 deg$^2$ area covered by the twin Abell lensing cluster fields is comparable in size to the few other deep near-infrared surveys such as COSMOS, and so provides an opportunity to significantly increase known samples of rare UV-bright galaxies at $z\approx6-8$ ($M_{\rm UV}\lesssim-22$). Beyond their still uncertain role in reionisation, these UV-bright galaxies are ideal laboratories from which to study galaxy formation and constrain the bright-end of the UV luminosity function. Of the 501994 sources detected from a combined $Y_{\rm E}$, $J_{\rm E}$, and $H_{\rm E}$ NISP detection image, 168 do not have any appreciable VIS/$I_{\rm E}$ flux. These objects span a range in spectral colours, separated into two classes: 139 extremely red sources; and 29 Lyman-break galaxy candidates. Best-fit redshifts and spectral templates suggest the former is composed of both $z\gtrsim5$ dusty star-forming galaxies and $z\approx1-3$ quiescent systems. The latter is composed of more homogeneous Lyman break galaxies at $z\approx6-8$. In both cases, contamination by L- and T-type dwarfs cannot be ruled out with Euclid images alone. Additional contamination from instrumental persistence is investigated using a novel time series analysis. This work lays the foundation for future searches within the Euclid Deep Fields, where thousands more $z\gtrsim6$ Lyman break systems and extremely red sources will be identified., Comment: 22 pages, 13 figures, paper submitted as part of the A&A special issue `Euclid on Sky', which contains Euclid key reference papers and first results from the Euclid Early Release Observations
Published: 2024

40. Euclid: Early Release Observations -- A preview of the Euclid era through a galaxy cluster magnifying lens

Author: Atek, H., Gavazzi, R., Weaver, J. R., Diego, J. M., Schrabback, T., Hatch, N. A., Aghanim, N., Dole, H., Hartley, W. G., Taamoli, S., Congedo, G., Jimenez-Teja, Y., Cuillandre, J. -C., Bañados, E., Belladitta, S., Bowler, R. A. A., Franco, M., Jauzac, M., Mahler, G., Richard, J., Rocci, P. -F., Serjeant, S., Toft, S., Abriola, D., Bergamini, P., Biviano, A., Dimauro, P., Ezziati, M., Golden-Marx, J. B., Grillo, C., Hughes, A. C. N., Kang, Y., Kneib, J. -P., Lombardi, M., Mamon, G. A., McPartland, C. J. R., Meneghetti, M., Miyatake, H., Montes, M., Mortlock, D. J., Oesch, P. A., Okabe, N., Rosati, P., Taylor, A. N., Tarsitano, F., Weller, J., Kluge, M., Laureijs, R., Paltani, S., Saifollahi, T., Schirmer, M., Stone, C., Mora, A., Altieri, B., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baldi, M., Balestra, A., Bardelli, S., Basset, A., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Candini, G. P., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castander, F. J., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Corcione, L., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Ealet, A., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fotopoulou, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Gillard, W., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Hailey, M., Haugan, S. V. H., Hoar, J., Hoekstra, H., Holliman, M. S., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kitching, T., Kohley, R., Kubik, B., Kuijken, K., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lahav, O., Mignant, D. Le, Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., McCracken, H. J., Mei, S., Mellier, Y., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Nakajima, R., Nichol, R. C., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paech, K., Pasian, F., Peacock, J. A., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Schneider, P., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Skottfelt, J., Stanco, L., Tallada-Crespí, P., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Tutusaus, I., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Zucca, E., Baccigalupi, C., Burigana, C., Castignani, G., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Viel, M., Simon, P., Stern, D., Martín-Fleitas, J., and Scott, D.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We present the first analysis of the Euclid Early Release Observations (ERO) program that targets fields around two lensing clusters, Abell 2390 and Abell 2764. We use VIS and NISP imaging to produce photometric catalogs for a total of $\sim 500\,000$ objects. The imaging data reach a $5\,\sigma$ typical depth in the range 25.1-25.4 AB in the NISP bands, and 27.1-27.3 AB in the VIS band. Using the Lyman-break method in combination with photometric redshifts, we identify $30$ Lyman-break galaxy (LBG) candidates at $z>6$ and 139 extremely red sources (ERSs), most likely at lower redshift. The deeper VIS imaging compared to NISP means we can routinely identify high-redshift Lyman breaks of the order of $3$ magnitudes, which reduces contamination by brown dwarf stars and low-redshift galaxies. Spectroscopic follow-up campaigns of such bright sources will help constrain both the bright end of the ultraviolet galaxy luminosity function and the quasar luminosity function at $z>6$, and constrain the physical nature of these objects. Additionally, we have performed a combined strong lensing and weak lensing analysis of A2390, and demonstrate how Euclid will contribute to better constraining the virial mass of galaxy clusters. From these data, we also identify optical and near-infrared counterparts of known $z>0.6$ clusters, which exhibit strong lensing features, establishing the ability of Euclid to characterize high-redshift clusters. Finally, we provide a glimpse of Euclid's ability to map the intracluster light out to larger radii than current facilities, enabling a better understanding of the cluster assembly history and mapping of the dark matter distribution. This initial dataset illustrates the diverse spectrum of legacy science that will be enabled by the Euclid survey., Comment: Paper submitted as part of the A&A special issue `Euclid on Sky', which contains Euclid key reference papers and first results from the Euclid Early Release Observations. 17 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2024

41. Euclid: Early Release Observations -- Programme overview and pipeline for compact- and diffuse-emission photometry

Author: Cuillandre, J. -C., Bertin, E., Bolzonella, M., Bouy, H., Gwyn, S., Isani, S., Kluge, M., Lai, O., Lançon, A., Lang, D. A., Laureijs, R., Saifollahi, T., Schirmer, M., Stone, C., Abdurro'uf, Aghanim, N., Altieri, B., Annibali, F., Atek, H., Awad, P., Baes, M., Bañados, E., Barrado, D., Belladitta, S., Belokurov, V., Boselli, A., Bournaud, F., Bovy, J., Bowler, R. A. A., Buenadicha, G., Buitrago, F., Cantiello, M., Carollo, D., Codis, S., Collins, M. L. M., Congedo, G., Dalessandro, E., de Lapparent, V., De Paolis, F., Diego, J. M., Dimauro, P., Dinis, J., Dole, H., Duc, P. -A., Erkal, D., Ezziati, M., Ferguson, A. M. N., Ferré-Mateu, A., Franco, A., Gavazzi, R., George, K., Gillard, W., Golden-Marx, J. B., Goldman, B., Gonzalez, A. H., Habas, R., Hartley, W. G., Hatch, N. A., Kohley, R., Hoar, J., Howell, J. M., Hunt, L. K., Jablonka, P., Jauzac, M., Kang, Y., Knapen, J. H., Kneib, J. -P., Kuzma, P. B., Larsen, S. S., Marchal, O., Martín-Fleitas, J., Marcos-Arenal, P., Marleau, F. R., Martín, E. L., Massari, D., McConnachie, A. W., Meneghetti, M., Miluzio, M., Carretero, J. Miro, Miyatake, H., Mondelin, M., Montes, M., Mora, A., Müller, O., Nally, C., Noeske, K., Nucita, A. A., Oesch, P. A., Oguri, M., Peletier, R. F., Poulain, M., Quilley, L., Racca, G. D., Rejkuba, M., Rhodes, J., Rocci, P. -F., Román, J., Sacquegna, S., Saremi, E., Scaramella, R., Schinnerer, E., Serjeant, S., Sola, E., Sorce, J. G., Tarsitano, F., Tereno, I., Toft, S., Tortora, C., Urbano, M., Venhola, A., Voggel, K., Weaver, J. R., Xu, X., Žerjal, M., Zöller, R., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baldi, M., Balestra, A., Bardelli, S., Basset, A., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Branchini, E., Brau-Nogue, S., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castander, F. J., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cropper, M., Cuby, J. -G., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Douspis, M., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Fabricius, M., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fotopoulou, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Hoekstra, H., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kitching, T., Kubik, B., Kuijken, K., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lahav, O., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., McCracken, H. J., Medinaceli, E., Mellier, Y., Meylan, G., Mohr, J. J., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Nakajima, R., Nichol, R. C., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Peacock, J. A., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Refregier, A., Renzi, A., Riccio, G., Rix, Hans-Walter, Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Skottfelt, J., Stanco, L., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Tsyganov, A., Tutusaus, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Wang, Y., Weller, J., Williams, O. R., Zamorani, G., Zucca, E., Baccigalupi, C., Burigana, C., Casenove, P., Liebing, P., Scottez, V., Simon, P., and Scott, D.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The Euclid ERO showcase Euclid's capabilities in advance of its main mission, targeting 17 astronomical objects, from galaxy clusters, nearby galaxies, globular clusters, to star-forming regions. A total of 24 hours observing time was allocated in the early months of operation, engaging the scientific community through an early public data release. We describe the development of the ERO pipeline to create visually compelling images while simultaneously meeting the scientific demands within months of launch, leveraging a pragmatic, data-driven development strategy. The pipeline's key requirements are to preserve the image quality and to provide flux calibration and photometry for compact and extended sources. The pipeline's five pillars are: removal of instrumental signatures; astrometric calibration; photometric calibration; image stacking; and the production of science-ready catalogues for both the VIS and NISP instruments. We report a PSF with a full width at half maximum of 0.16" in the optical and 0.49" in the three NIR bands. Our VIS mean absolute flux calibration is accurate to about 1%, and 10% for NISP due to a limited calibration set; both instruments have considerable colour terms. The median depth is 25.3 and 23.2 AB mag with a SNR of 10 for galaxies, and 27.1 and 24.5 AB mag at an SNR of 5 for point sources for VIS and NISP, respectively. Euclid's ability to observe diffuse emission is exceptional due to its extended PSF nearly matching a pure diffraction halo, the best ever achieved by a wide-field, high-resolution imaging telescope. Euclid offers unparalleled capabilities for exploring the LSB Universe across all scales, also opening a new observational window in the NIR. Median surface-brightness levels of 29.9 and 28.3 AB mag per square arcsec are achieved for VIS and NISP, respectively, for detecting a 10 arcsec x 10 arcsec extended feature at the 1 sigma level., Comment: Submitted to A&A, 44 pages, 36 figures - Part of the A&A special issue `Euclid on Sky', which contains Euclid key reference papers and first results from the Euclid Early Release Observations
Published: 2024

42. Euclid. V. The Flagship galaxy mock catalogue: a comprehensive simulation for the Euclid mission

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Castander, F. J., Fosalba, P., Stadel, J., Potter, D., Carretero, J., Tallada-Crespí, P., Pozzetti, L., Bolzonella, M., Mamon, G. A., Blot, L., Hoffmann, K., Huertas-Company, M., Monaco, P., Gonzalez, E. J., De Lucia, G., Scarlata, C., Breton, M. -A., Linke, L., Viglione, C., Li, S. -S., Zhai, Z., Baghkhani, Z., Pardede, K., Neissner, C., Teyssier, R., Crocce, M., Tutusaus, I., Miller, L., Congedo, G., Biviano, A., Hirschmann, M., Pezzotta, A., Aussel, H., Hoekstra, H., Kitching, T., Percival, W. J., Guzzo, L., Mellier, Y., Oesch, P. A., Bowler, R. A. A., Bruton, S., Allevato, V., Gonzalez-Perez, V., Manera, M., Avila, S., Kovács, A., Aghanim, N., Altieri, B., Amara, A., Amendola, L., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baldi, M., Balestra, A., Bardelli, S., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Corcione, L., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Ealet, A., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fotopoulou, S., Fourmanoit, N., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Franzetti, P., Galeotta, S., Gillard, W., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Granett, B. R., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Haugan, S. V. H., Holliman, M. S., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kohley, R., Kubik, B., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lahav, O., Laureijs, R., Mignant, D. Le, Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Masters, D. C., Maurogordato, S., McCracken, H. J., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Mohr, J. J., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Nakajima, R., Nichol, R. C., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paech, K., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Peacock, J. A., Pedersen, K., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rosset, C., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Scodeggio, M., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Starck, J. -L., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tsyganov, A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zacchei, A., Zamorani, G., Zerbi, F. M., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Baccigalupi, C., Bernardeau, F., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Casenove, P., Castignani, G., Colodro-Conde, C., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Fabbian, G., Finelli, F., Gracia-Carpio, J., Ilić, S., Liebing, P., Marcin, S., Martinelli, M., Matthew, S., Mauri, N., Pöntinen, M., Porciani, C., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Sefusatti, E., Steinwagner, J., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Anselmi, S., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aubourg, E., Balaguera-Antolinez, A., Ballardini, M., Bertacca, D., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Böhringer, H., Borgani, S., Bouvard, T., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Quevedo, B. Camacho, Canas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Caro, F., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Contini, T., Cooray, A. R., Costanzi, M., Cucciati, O., Davini, S., De Caro, B., de la Torre, S., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ezziati, M., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finoguenov, A., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gasparetto, T., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gonzalez, A. H., Gozaliasl, G., Hall, A., Hartley, W. G., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Holland, A. D., Ilbert, O., Joudaki, S., Jullo, E., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Lesgourgues, J., Liaudat, T. I., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Magliocchetti, M., Mancini, C., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Miluzio, M., Mora, A., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Nicastro, L., Walton, Nicholas A., Oguri, M., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Pourtsidou, A., Reimberg, P., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Rollins, R. P., Rusholme, B., Sahlén, M., Sánchez, A. G., Schaye, J., Schewtschenko, J. A., Schneider, A., Schultheis, M., Sereno, M., Shankar, F., Shulevski, A., Silvestri, A., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stanford, S. A., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Tessore, N., Testera, G., Tewes, M., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Vernizzi, F., Verza, G., Vielzeuf, P., Weaver, J. R., Zalesky, L., Dimauro, P., Duc, P. -A., Fang, Y., Ferguson, A. M. N., Gutierrez, C. M., Kova{č}ić, I., Kruk, S., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Montoro, A., Murray, C., Pagano, L., Paoletti, D., Sarpa, E., Viitanen, A., Martín-Fleitas, J., and Yung, L. Y. A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the Flagship galaxy mock, a simulated catalogue of billions of galaxies designed to support the scientific exploitation of the Euclid mission. Euclid is a medium-class mission of the European Space Agency optimised to determine the properties of dark matter and dark energy on the largest scales of the Universe. It probes structure formation over more than 10 billion years primarily from the combination of weak gravitational lensing and galaxy clustering data. The breath of Euclid's data will also foster a wide variety of scientific analyses. The Flagship simulation was developed to provide a realistic approximation to the galaxies that will be observed by Euclid and used in its scientific analyses. We ran a state-of-the-art N-body simulation with four trillion particles, producing a lightcone on the fly. From the dark matter particles, we produced a catalogue of 16 billion haloes in one octant of the sky in the lightcone up to redshift z=3. We then populated these haloes with mock galaxies using a halo occupation distribution and abundance matching approach, calibrating the free parameters of the galaxy mock against observed correlations and other basic galaxy properties. Modelled galaxy properties include luminosity and flux in several bands, redshifts, positions and velocities, spectral energy distributions, shapes and sizes, stellar masses, star formation rates, metallicities, emission line fluxes, and lensing properties. We selected a final sample of 3.4 billion galaxies with a magnitude cut of H_E<26, where we are complete. We have performed a comprehensive set of validation tests to check the similarity to observational data and theoretical models. In particular, our catalogue is able to closely reproduce the main characteristics of the weak lensing and galaxy clustering samples to be used in the mission's main cosmological analysis. (abridged), Comment: Paper submitted as part of the A&A special issue `Euclid on Sky', which contains Euclid key reference papers and first results from the Euclid Early Release Observations
Published: 2024

43. Euclid. IV. The NISP Calibration Unit

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Hormuth, F., Jahnke, K., Schirmer, M., Lee, C. G. -Y., Scott, T., Barbier, R., Ferriol, S., Gillard, W., Grupp, F., Holmes, R., Holmes, W., Kubik, B., Macias-Perez, J., Laurent, M., Marpaud, J., Marton, M., Medinaceli, E., Morgante, G., Toledo-Moreo, R., Trifoglio, M., Rix, Hans-Walter, Secroun, A., Seiffert, M., Stassi, P., Wachter, S., Gutierrez, C. M., Vescovi, C., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Balestra, A., Bardelli, S., Battaglia, P., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, R., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Corcione, L., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Dinis, J., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Ducret, F., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Fabricius, M., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Faustini, F., Fotopoulou, S., Fourmanoit, N., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Franzetti, P., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., George, K., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Grazian, A., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Hoekstra, H., Hook, I., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jhabvala, M., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kitching, T., Kohley, R., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Mignant, D. Le, Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mainetti, G., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marcin, S., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., McCracken, H. J., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Mohr, J. J., Moresco, M., Morris, P. W., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Nakajima, R., Neissner, C., Nichol, R. C., Niemi, S. -M., Nightingale, J. W., Padilla, C., Paech, K., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Rusholme, B., Saglia, R., Sakr, Z., Sánchez, A. G., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Sauvage, M., Schewtschenko, J. A., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Sefusatti, E., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Smadja, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tavagnacco, D., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zacchei, A., Zamorani, G., Zerbi, F. M., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Farinelli, R., Gracia-Carpio, J., Kazandjian, M. V., Mauri, N., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Aubourg, E., Ballardini, M., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Borsato, E., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Canas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Casenove, P., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Charles, Y., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., Cucciati, O., Davini, S., De Caro, B., de la Torre, S., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Hall, A., Hartley, W. G., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Huertas-Company, M., Ilbert, O., Jacobson, J., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Joudaki, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Laudisio, F., Legrand, L., Libet, G., Loureiro, A., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mancini, C., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Miluzio, M., Moretti, C., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Patrizii, L., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Rollins, R. P., Sahlén, M., Scarlata, C., Schneider, A., Schultheis, M., Sereno, M., Shulevski, A., Silvestri, A., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Tao, C., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., Zalesky, L., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Bouvard, T., Caro, F., Dimauro, P., Fang, Y., Ferguson, A. M. N., Finoguenov, A., Gasparetto, T., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Graet, J. Le, Liaudat, T. I., Montoro, A., Murray, C., Oguri, M., Pagano, L., Paoletti, D., Sarpa, E., Tanidis, K., Vernizzi, F., Viitanen, A., Kova{č}ić, I., Lesgourgues, J., Martín-Fleitas, J., and Mora, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The near-infrared calibration unit (NI-CU) on board Euclid's Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) is the first astronomical calibration lamp based on light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to be operated in space. Euclid is a mission in ESA's Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 framework, to explore the dark universe and provide a next-level characterisation of the nature of gravitation, dark matter, and dark energy. Calibrating photometric and spectrometric measurements of galaxies to better than 1.5% accuracy in a survey homogeneously mapping ~14000 deg^2 of extragalactic sky requires a very detailed characterisation of near-infrared (NIR) detector properties, as well their constant monitoring in flight. To cover two of the main contributions - relative pixel-to-pixel sensitivity and non-linearity characteristics - as well as support other calibration activities, NI-CU was designed to provide spatially approximately homogeneous (<12% variations) and temporally stable illumination (0.1%-0.2% over 1200s) over the NISP detector plane, with minimal power consumption and energy dissipation. NI-CU is covers the spectral range ~[900,1900] nm - at cryo-operating temperature - at 5 fixed independent wavelengths to capture wavelength-dependent behaviour of the detectors, with fluence over a dynamic range of >=100 from ~15 ph s^-1 pixel^-1 to >1500 ph s^-1 pixel^-1. For this functionality, NI-CU is based on LEDs. We describe the rationale behind the decision and design process, describe the challenges in sourcing the right LEDs, as well as the qualification process and lessons learned. We also provide a description of the completed NI-CU, its capabilities and performance as well as its limits. NI-CU has been integrated into NISP and the Euclid satellite, and since Euclid's launch in July 2023 has started supporting survey operations., Comment: Paper accepted for publication in A&A as part of the special issue 'Euclid on Sky', which contains Euclid key reference papers and first results from the Euclid Early Release Observations
Published: 2024

44. Euclid. III. The NISP Instrument

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Jahnke, K., Gillard, W., Schirmer, M., Ealet, A., Maciaszek, T., Prieto, E., Barbier, R., Bonoli, C., Corcione, L., Dusini, S., Grupp, F., Hormuth, F., Ligori, S., Martin, L., Morgante, G., Padilla, C., Toledo-Moreo, R., Trifoglio, M., Valenziano, L., Bender, R., Castander, F. J., Garilli, B., Lilje, P. B., Rix, H. -W., Auricchio, N., Balestra, A., Barriere, J. -C., Battaglia, P., Berthe, M., Bodendorf, C., Boenke, T., Bon, W., Bonnefoi, A., Caillat, A., Capobianco, V., Carle, M., Casas, R., Cho, H., Costille, A., Ducret, F., Ferriol, S., Franceschi, E., Gimenez, J. -L., Holmes, W., Hornstrup, A., Jhabvala, M., Kohley, R., Kubik, B., Laureijs, R., Mignant, D. Le, Lloro, I., Medinaceli, E., Mellier, Y., Polenta, G., Racca, G. D., Renzi, A., Salvignol, J. -C., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Seiffert, M., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Strada, P., Smadja, G., Stanco, L., Wachter, S., Anselmi, S., Borsato, E., Caillat, L., Cogato, F., Colodro-Conde, C., Crouzet, P. -E., Conforti, V., D'Alessandro, M., Copin, Y., Cuillandre, J. -C., Davies, J. E., Davini, S., Derosa, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Di Ferdinando, D., Farinelli, R., Ferrari, A. G., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Gutierrez, C. M., Giacomini, F., Lagier, P., Gianotti, F., Krause, O., Madrid, F., Laudisio, F., Macias-Perez, J., Naletto, G., Niclas, M., Marpaud, J., Mauri, N., da Silva, R., Passalacqua, F., Paterson, K., Patrizii, L., Risso, I., Solheim, B. G. B., Scodeggio, M., Stassi, P., Steinwagner, J., Tenti, M., Testera, G., Travaglini, R., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tubio, O., Valieri, C., Vescovi, C., Ventura, S., Aghanim, N., Altieri, B., Amara, A., Amiaux, J., Andreon, S., Aussel, H., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Basset, A., Bonchi, A., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Chabaud, P. -Y., Cimatti, A., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cropper, M., Cuby, J. -G., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Fabricius, M., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Faustini, F., Fosalba, P., Fotopoulou, S., Fourmanoit, N., Frailis, M., Franzetti, P., Galeotta, S., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Granett, B. R., Grazian, A., Guzzo, L., Hailey, M., Haugan, S. V. H., Hoar, J., Hoekstra, H., Hook, I., Hudelot, P., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kitching, T., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lahav, O., Lindholm, V., Alvarez, J. Lorenzo, Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martignac, J., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Masters, D. C., Maurogordato, S., McCracken, H. J., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Mohr, J. J., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Nakajima, R., Nichol, R. C., Niemi, S. -M., Nutma, T., Paech, K., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Peacock, J. A., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Refregier, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rosset, C., Rossetti, E., Rottgering, H. J. A., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Sauvage, M., Scaramella, R., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Serrano, S., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tavagnacco, D., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Veropalumbo, A., Vibert, D., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zacchei, A., Zamorani, G., Zerbi, F. M., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Appleton, P. N., Baccigalupi, C., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Casenove, P., Crocce, M., De Lucia, G., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Fabbian, G., Finelli, F., George, K., Gracia-Carpio, J., Ilić, S., Liebing, P., Liu, C., Mainetti, G., Marcin, S., Martinelli, M., Morris, P. W., Neissner, C., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Porciani, C., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Sefusatti, E., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Aubourg, E., Ballardini, M., Bertacca, D., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Calderone, G., Canas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Charles, Y., Chary, R., Colbert, J., Contarini, S., Contini, T., Cooray, A. R., Costanzi, M., Cucciati, O., De Caro, B., de la Torre, S., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finoguenov, A., Fontana, A., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gautard, V., Gaztanaga, E., Gozaliasl, G., Gregorio, A., Hall, A., Hartley, W. G., Hemmati, S., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Hosseini, S., Huertas-Company, M., Ilbert, O., Jacobson, J., Joudaki, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Lacasa, F., Brun, V. Le, Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Libet, G., Liu, S. J., Loureiro, A., Magliocchetti, M., Mancini, C., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., McPartland, C. J. R., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Miluzio, M., Monaco, P., Moretti, C., Nadathur, S., Nicastro, L., Walton, Nicholas A., Odier, J., Oguri, M., Popa, V., Potter, D., Pourtsidou, A., Rocci, P. -F., Rollins, R. P., Rusholme, B., Sahlén, M., Sánchez, A. G., Scarlata, C., Schaye, J., Schewtschenko, J. A., Schneider, A., Schultheis, M., Sereno, M., Shankar, F., Shulevski, A., Sikkema, G., Silvestri, A., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Stanford, S. A., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Tessore, N., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tucci, M., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Vernizzi, F., Verza, G., Vielzeuf, P., Weaver, J. R., Zalesky, L., Zinchenko, I. A., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Bennett, C. L., Bouvard, T., Caro, F., Conseil, S., Dimauro, P., Duc, P. -A., Fang, Y., Ferguson, A. M. N., Gasparetto, T., Kova{č}ić, I., Kruk, S., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Liaudat, T. I., Montoro, A., Mora, A., Murray, C., Pagano, L., Paoletti, D., Radovich, M., Sarpa, E., Tommasi, E., Viitanen, A., Lesgourgues, J., Levi, M. E., and Martín-Fleitas, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) on board the Euclid satellite provides multiband photometry and R>=450 slitless grism spectroscopy in the 950-2020nm wavelength range. In this reference article we illuminate the background of NISP's functional and calibration requirements, describe the instrument's integral components, and provide all its key properties. We also sketch the processes needed to understand how NISP operates and is calibrated, and its technical potentials and limitations. Links to articles providing more details and technical background are included. NISP's 16 HAWAII-2RG (H2RG) detectors with a plate scale of 0.3" pix^-1 deliver a field-of-view of 0.57deg^2. In photo mode, NISP reaches a limiting magnitude of ~24.5AB mag in three photometric exposures of about 100s exposure time, for point sources and with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 5. For spectroscopy, NISP's point-source sensitivity is a SNR = 3.5 detection of an emission line with flux ~2x10^-16erg/s/cm^2 integrated over two resolution elements of 13.4A, in 3x560s grism exposures at 1.6 mu (redshifted Ha). Our calibration includes on-ground and in-flight characterisation and monitoring of detector baseline, dark current, non-linearity, and sensitivity, to guarantee a relative photometric accuracy of better than 1.5%, and relative spectrophotometry to better than 0.7%. The wavelength calibration must be better than 5A. NISP is the state-of-the-art instrument in the NIR for all science beyond small areas available from HST and JWST - and an enormous advance due to its combination of field size and high throughput of telescope and instrument. During Euclid's 6-year survey covering 14000 deg^2 of extragalactic sky, NISP will be the backbone for determining distances of more than a billion galaxies. Its NIR data will become a rich reference imaging and spectroscopy data set for the coming decades., Comment: Paper submitted as part of the A&A special issue 'Euclid on Sky', which contains Euclid key reference papers and first results from the Euclid Early Release Observations
Published: 2024

45. Euclid. I. Overview of the Euclid mission

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Mellier, Y., Abdurro'uf, Barroso, J. A. Acevedo, Achúcarro, A., Adamek, J., Adam, R., Addison, G. E., Aghanim, N., Aguena, M., Ajani, V., Akrami, Y., Al-Bahlawan, A., Alavi, A., Albuquerque, I. S., Alestas, G., Alguero, G., Allaoui, A., Allen, S. W., Allevato, V., Alonso-Tetilla, A. V., Altieri, B., Alvarez-Candal, A., Alvi, S., Amara, A., Amendola, L., Amiaux, J., Andika, I. T., Andreon, S., Andrews, A., Angora, G., Angulo, R. E., Annibali, F., Anselmi, A., Anselmi, S., Arcari, S., Archidiacono, M., Aricò, G., Arnaud, M., Arnouts, S., Asgari, M., Asorey, J., Atayde, L., Atek, H., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aubert, M., Aubourg, E., Auphan, T., Auricchio, N., Aussel, B., Aussel, H., Avelino, P. P., Avgoustidis, A., Avila, S., Awan, S., Azzollini, R., Baccigalupi, C., Bachelet, E., Bacon, D., Baes, M., Bagley, M. B., Bahr-Kalus, B., Balaguera-Antolinez, A., Balbinot, E., Balcells, M., Baldi, M., Baldry, I., Balestra, A., Ballardini, M., Ballester, O., Balogh, M., Bañados, E., Barbier, R., Bardelli, S., Baron, M., Barreiro, T., Barrena, R., Barriere, J. -C., Barros, B. J., Barthelemy, A., Bartolo, N., Basset, A., Battaglia, P., Battisti, A. J., Baugh, C. M., Baumont, L., Bazzanini, L., Beaulieu, J. -P., Beckmann, V., Belikov, A. N., Bel, J., Bellagamba, F., Bella, M., Bellini, E., Benabed, K., Bender, R., Benevento, G., Bennett, C. L., Benson, K., Bergamini, P., Bermejo-Climent, J. R., Bernardeau, F., Bertacca, D., Berthe, M., Berthier, J., Bethermin, M., Beutler, F., Bevillon, C., Bhargava, S., Bhatawdekar, R., Bianchi, D., Bisigello, L., Biviano, A., Blake, R. P., Blanchard, A., Blazek, J., Blot, L., Bosco, A., Bodendorf, C., Boenke, T., Böhringer, H., Boldrini, P., Bolzonella, M., Bonchi, A., Bonici, M., Bonino, D., Bonino, L., Bonvin, C., Bon, W., Booth, J. T., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Borsato, E., Bose, B., Botticella, M. T., Boucaud, A., Bouche, F., Boucher, J. S., Boutigny, D., Bouvard, T., Bouwens, R., Bouy, H., Bowler, R. A. A., Bozza, V., Bozzo, E., Branchini, E., Brando, G., Brau-Nogue, S., Brekke, P., Bremer, M. N., Brescia, M., Breton, M. -A., Brinchmann, J., Brinckmann, T., Brockley-Blatt, C., Brodwin, M., Brouard, L., Brown, M. L., Bruton, S., Bucko, J., Buddelmeijer, H., Buenadicha, G., Buitrago, F., Burger, P., Burigana, C., Busillo, V., Busonero, D., Cabanac, R., Cabayol-Garcia, L., Cagliari, M. S., Caillat, A., Caillat, L., Calabrese, M., Calabro, A., Calderone, G., Calura, F., Quevedo, B. Camacho, Camera, S., Campos, L., Canas-Herrera, G., Candini, G. P., Cantiello, M., Capobianco, V., Cappellaro, E., Cappelluti, N., Cappi, A., Caputi, K. I., Cara, C., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carella, E., Carlberg, R. G., Carle, M., Carminati, L., Caro, F., Carrasco, J. M., Carretero, J., Carrilho, P., Duque, J. Carron, Carry, B., Carvalho, A., Carvalho, C. S., Casas, R., Casas, S., Casenove, P., Casey, C. M., Cassata, P., Castander, F. J., Castelao, D., Castellano, M., Castiblanco, L., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Cavet, C., Cavuoti, S., Chabaud, P. -Y., Chambers, K. C., Charles, Y., Charlot, S., Chartab, N., Chary, R., Chaumeil, F., Cho, H., Chon, G., Ciancetta, E., Ciliegi, P., Cimatti, A., Cimino, M., Cioni, M. -R. L., Claydon, R., Cleland, C., Clément, B., Clements, D. L., Clerc, N., Clesse, S., Codis, S., Cogato, F., Colbert, J., Cole, R. E., Coles, P., Collett, T. E., Collins, R. S., Colodro-Conde, C., Colombo, C., Combes, F., Conforti, V., Congedo, G., Conseil, S., Conselice, C. J., Contarini, S., Contini, T., Conversi, L., Cooray, A. R., Copin, Y., Corasaniti, P. -S., Corcho-Caballero, P., Corcione, L., Cordes, O., Corpace, O., Correnti, M., Costanzi, M., Costille, A., Courbin, F., Mifsud, L. Courcoult, Courtois, H. M., Cousinou, M. -C., Covone, G., Cowell, T., Cragg, C., Cresci, G., Cristiani, S., Crocce, M., Cropper, M., Crouzet, P. E, Csizi, B., Cuby, J. -G., Cucchetti, E., Cucciati, O., Cuillandre, J. -C., Cunha, P. A. C., Cuozzo, V., Daddi, E., D'Addona, M., Dafonte, C., Dagoneau, N., Dalessandro, E., Dalton, G. B., D'Amico, G., Dannerbauer, H., Danto, P., Das, I., Da Silva, A., da Silva, R., Doumerg, W. d'Assignies, Daste, G., Davies, J. E., Davini, S., Dayal, P., de Boer, T., Decarli, R., De Caro, B., Degaudenzi, H., Degni, G., de Jong, J. T. A., de la Bella, L. F., de la Torre, S., Delhaise, F., Delley, D., Delucchi, G., De Lucia, G., Denniston, J., De Paolis, F., De Petris, M., Derosa, A., Desai, S., Desjacques, V., Despali, G., Desprez, G., De Vicente-Albendea, J., Deville, Y., Dias, J. D. F., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Diego, J. M., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dimauro, P., Dinis, J., Dolag, K., Dolding, C., Dole, H., Sánchez, H. 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A., Valenziano, L., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Broeck, M. Van den, Vassallo, T., Vavrek, R., Vega-Ferrero, J., Venemans, B., Venhola, A., Ventura, S., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Vergani, D., Verma, A., Vernizzi, F., Veropalumbo, A., Verza, G., Vescovi, C., Vibert, D., Viel, M., Vielzeuf, P., Viglione, C., Viitanen, A., Villaescusa-Navarro, F., Vinciguerra, S., Visticot, F., Voggel, K., von Wietersheim-Kramsta, M., Vriend, W. J., Wachter, S., Walmsley, M., Walth, G., Walton, D. M., Walton, N. A., Wander, M., Wang, L., Wang, Y., Weaver, J. R., Weller, J., Wetzstein, M., Whalen, D. J., Whittam, I. H., Widmer, A., Wiesmann, M., Wilde, J., Williams, O. R., Winther, H. -A., Wittje, A., Wong, J. H. W., Wright, A. H., Yankelevich, V., Yeung, H. W., Yoon, M., Youles, S., Yung, L. Y. A., Zacchei, A., Zalesky, L., Zamorani, G., Vitorelli, A. Zamorano, Marc, M. Zanoni, Zennaro, M., Zerbi, F. M., Zinchenko, I. A., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., and Zumalacarregui, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The current standard model of cosmology successfully describes a variety of measurements, but the nature of its main ingredients, dark matter and dark energy, remains unknown. Euclid is a medium-class mission in the Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 programme of the European Space Agency (ESA) that will provide high-resolution optical imaging, as well as near-infrared imaging and spectroscopy, over about 14,000 deg^2 of extragalactic sky. In addition to accurate weak lensing and clustering measurements that probe structure formation over half of the age of the Universe, its primary probes for cosmology, these exquisite data will enable a wide range of science. This paper provides a high-level overview of the mission, summarising the survey characteristics, the various data-processing steps, and data products. We also highlight the main science objectives and expected performance., Comment: Accepted for publication in the A&A special issue`Euclid on Sky'
Published: 2024

46. Euclid. II. The VIS Instrument

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Cropper, M. S., Al-Bahlawan, A., Amiaux, J., Awan, S., Azzollini, R., Benson, K., Berthe, M., Boucher, J., Bozzo, E., Brockley-Blatt, C., Candini, G. P., Cara, C., Chaudery, R. A., Cole, R. E., Danto, P., Denniston, J., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dryer, B., Dubois, J. -P., Endicott, J., Farina, M., Galli, E., Genolet, L., Gow, J. P. D., Guttridge, P., Hailey, M., Hall, D., Harper, C., Hoekstra, H., Holland, A. D., Horeau, B., Hu, D., James, R. E., Khalil, A., King, R., Kitching, T., Kohley, R., Larcheveque, C., Lawrenson, A., Liebing, P., Liu, S. J., Martignac, J., Massey, R., McCracken, H. J., Miller, L., Murray, N., Nakajima, R., Niemi, S. -M., Nightingale, J. W., Paltani, S., Pendem, A., Philippon, A., Plana, C., Pool, P., Pottinger, S., Racca, G. D., Rhodes, J., Rousseau, A., Ruane, K., Salatti, M., Salvignol, J. -C., Sciortino, A., Short, A., Skottfelt, J., Smit, S. J. A., Swindells, I., Szafraniec, M., Thomas, P. D., Thomas, W., Tommasi, E., Tosti, S., Visticot, F., Walton, D. M., Willis, G., Winter, B., Aghanim, N., Altieri, B., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Aussel, H., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Balestra, A., Bardelli, S., Basset, A., Bender, R., Bernardeau, F., Bodendorf, C., Boenke, T., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, R., Casas, S., Castander, F. J., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Crocce, M., Cuby, J. -G., Cuillandre, J. -C., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Dinis, J., Dolding, C., Douspis, M., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Ealet, A., Fabricius, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fosalba, P., Fotopoulou, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Franzetti, P., Frugier, P. -A., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., George, K., Gillard, W., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Granett, B. R., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Herent, O., Hoar, J., Holliman, M. S., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Ilić, S., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kubik, B., Kuijken, K., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lahav, O., Laureijs, R., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Alvarez, J. Lorenzo, Mainetti, G., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marcin, S., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Masters, D. C., Maurogordato, S., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Mohr, J. J., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Neissner, C., Nichol, R. C., Nutma, T., Padilla, C., Paech, K., Pasian, F., Peacock, J. A., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Refregier, A., Renzi, A., Riccio, G., Rix, Hans-Walter, Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rosset, C., Rossetti, E., Rottgering, H. J. A., Rusholme, B., Saglia, R., Sakr, Z., Sánchez, A. G., Sapone, D., Sauvage, M., Scaramella, R., Schewtschenko, J. A., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Sefusatti, E., Seidel, G., Seiffert, M., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Starck, J. -L., Steinwagner, J., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tavagnacco, D., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Veropalumbo, A., Wachter, S., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Boucaud, A., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Casenove, P., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Fabbian, G., Farinelli, R., Finelli, F., Gracia-Carpio, J., Israel, H., Mauri, N., Nguyen-Kim, H. N., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Porciani, C., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Aubourg, E., Ballardini, M., Bertacca, D., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Calderone, G., Canas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Chary, R., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., Cordes, O., Costanzi, M., Cucciati, O., Davini, S., De Caro, B., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finoguenov, A., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gautard, V., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gregorio, A., Hall, A., Hartley, W. G., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Huertas-Company, M., Ilbert, O., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Joudaki, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Lacasa, F., Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Libet, G., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Magliocchetti, M., Mancini, C., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., McPartland, C. J. R., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Miluzio, M., Monaco, P., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Odier, J., Oguri, M., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Potter, D., Pourtsidou, A., Reimberg, P., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Rollins, R. P., Sahlén, M., Scarlata, C., Schaye, J., Schneider, A., Schultheis, M., Sereno, M., Shankar, F., Sikkema, G., Silvestri, A., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Stanford, S. A., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Tessore, N., Testera, G., Tewes, M., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Vernizzi, F., Verza, G., Vielzeuf, P., Weaver, J. R., Zalesky, L., Zinchenko, I. A., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Bouvard, T., Caro, F., Dimauro, P., Duc, P. -A., Fang, Y., Ferguson, A. M. N., Gasparetto, T., Gutierrez, C. M., Kovačić, I., Kruk, S., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Liaudat, T. I., Montoro, A., Mora, A., Murray, C., Pagano, L., Paoletti, D., Sarpa, E., Viitanen, A., Lesgourgues, J., Martín-Fleitas, J., and Scott, D.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: This paper presents the specification, design, and development of the Visible Camera (VIS) on the ESA Euclid mission. VIS is a large optical-band imager with a field of view of 0.54 deg^2 sampled at 0.1" with an array of 609 Megapixels and spatial resolution of 0.18". It will be used to survey approximately 14,000 deg^2 of extragalactic sky to measure the distortion of galaxies in the redshift range z=0.1-1.5 resulting from weak gravitational lensing, one of the two principal cosmology probes of Euclid. With photometric redshifts, the distribution of dark matter can be mapped in three dimensions, and, from how this has changed with look-back time, the nature of dark energy and theories of gravity can be constrained. The entire VIS focal plane will be transmitted to provide the largest images of the Universe from space to date, reaching m_AB>24.5 with S/N >10 in a single broad I_E~(r+i+z) band over a six year survey. The particularly challenging aspects of the instrument are the control and calibration of observational biases, which lead to stringent performance requirements and calibration regimes. With its combination of spatial resolution, calibration knowledge, depth, and area covering most of the extra-Galactic sky, VIS will also provide a legacy data set for many other fields. This paper discusses the rationale behind the VIS concept and describes the instrument design and development before reporting the pre-launch performance derived from ground calibrations and brief results from the in-orbit commissioning. VIS should reach fainter than m_AB=25 with S/N>10 for galaxies of full-width half-maximum of 0.3" in a 1.3" diameter aperture over the Wide Survey, and m_AB>26.4 for a Deep Survey that will cover more than 50 deg^2. The paper also describes how VIS works with the other Euclid components of survey, telescope, and science data processing to extract the cosmological information., Comment: Paper submitted as part of the A&A special issue `Euclid on Sky', which contains Euclid key reference papers and first results from the Euclid Early Release Observations (A&A reference aa50996-24). This revision is the version accepted by A&A on 19 September 2024. Other than changes to the author list, changes are limited to editorial and journal style
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

47. COSMOS-Web: The Role of Galaxy Interactions and Disk Instabilities in Producing Starbursts at z<4

Author: Faisst, A. L., Yang, L., Brinch, M., Casey, C. M., Chartab, N., Dessauges-Zavadsky, M., Drakos, N. E., Gillman, S., Gonzaliasl, G., Hayward, C. C., Ilbert, O., Jablonka, P., Kaminsky, A., Kartaltepe, J. S., Koekemoer, A. M., Kokorev, V., Lambrides, E., Liu, D., Maraston, C., Martin, C. L., Renzini, A., Robertson, B. E., Sanders, D. B., Sattari, Z., Scoville, N., Urry, C. M., Vijayan, A. P., Weaver, J. R., Akins, H. B., Allen, N., Arango-Toro, R. C., Cooper, O. R., Franco, M., Gentile, F., Harish, S., Hirschmann, M., Khostovan, A. A., Laigle, C., Larson, R. L., Lee, M., Liu, Z., Long, A. S., Magdis, G., Massey, R., McCracken, H. J., McKinney, J., Paquereau, L., Rhodes, J., Rich, R. M., Shuntov, M., Silverman, J. D., Talia, M., Toft, S., and Zavala, J. A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We study of the role of galaxy-galaxy interactions and disk instabilities in producing starburst activity in galaxies out to z = 4. For this, we use a sample of 387 galaxies with robust total star formation rate measurements from Herschel, gas masses from ALMA, stellar masses and redshifts from multi-band photometry, and JWST/NIRCam rest-frame optical imaging. Using mass-controlled samples, we find an increased fraction of interacting galaxies in the starburst regime at all redshifts out to z = 4. This increase correlates with star formation efficiency (SFE), but not with gas fraction. However, the correlation is weak (and only significant out to z = 2), which could be explained by the short duration of SFE increase during interaction. In addition, we find that isolated disk galaxies make up a significant fraction of the starburst population. The fraction of such galaxies with star-forming clumps ("clumpy disks") is significantly increased compared to the main-sequence disk population. Furthermore, this fraction directly correlates with SFE. This is direct observational evidence for a long-term increase of SFE maintained due to disk instabilities, contributing to the majority of starburst galaxies in our sample and hence to substantial mass growth in these systems. This result could also be of importance for explaining the growth of the most massive galaxies at z > 6., Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures. Accepted by ApJ
Published: 2024

48. Euclid preparation. Sensitivity to neutrino parameters

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Archidiacono, M., Lesgourgues, J., Casas, S., Pamuk, S., Schöneberg, N., Sakr, Z., Parimbelli, G., Schneider, A., Peters, F. Hervas, Pace, F., Sabarish, V. M., Costanzi, M., Camera, S., Carbone, C., Clesse, S., Frusciante, N., Fumagalli, A., Monaco, P., Scott, D., Viel, M., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Capobianco, V., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Ealet, A., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Hoekstra, H., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Jahnke, K., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kitching, T., Kubik, B., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., McCracken, H. J., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Niemi, S. -M., Nightingale, J. W., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Scaramella, R., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Colodro-Conde, C., Crocce, M., Fabbian, G., Graciá-Carpio, J., Mainetti, G., Martinelli, M., Mauri, N., Neissner, C., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Anselmi, S., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Bernardeau, F., Bertacca, D., Borgani, S., Borsato, E., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Cañas-Herrera, G., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., Coupon, J., Davini, S., de la Torre, S., De Lucia, G., Desprez, G., Di Domizio, S., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Escoffier, S., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gregorio, A., Hall, A., Hildebrandt, H., Ilić, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Patrizii, L., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Reimberg, P., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Sánchez, A. G., Sefusatti, E., Sereno, M., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Steinwagner, J., Testera, G., Tewes, M., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., and Vielzeuf, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The Euclid mission of the European Space Agency will deliver weak gravitational lensing and galaxy clustering surveys that can be used to constrain the standard cosmological model and extensions thereof. We present forecasts from the combination of these surveys on the sensitivity to cosmological parameters including the summed neutrino mass $M_\nu$ and the effective number of relativistic species $N_{\rm eff}$ in the standard $\Lambda$CDM scenario and in a scenario with dynamical dark energy ($w_0 w_a$CDM). We compare the accuracy of different algorithms predicting the nonlinear matter power spectrum for such models. We then validate several pipelines for Fisher matrix and MCMC forecasts, using different theory codes, algorithms for numerical derivatives, and assumptions concerning the non-linear cut-off scale. The Euclid primary probes alone will reach a sensitivity of $\sigma(M_\nu)=$56meV in the $\Lambda$CDM+$M_\nu$ model, whereas the combination with CMB data from Planck is expected to achieve $\sigma(M_\nu)=$23meV and raise the evidence for a non-zero neutrino mass to at least the $2.6\sigma$ level. This can be pushed to a $4\sigma$ detection if future CMB data from LiteBIRD and CMB Stage-IV are included. In combination with Planck, Euclid will also deliver tight constraints on $\Delta N_{\rm eff}< 0.144$ (95%CL) in the $\Lambda$CDM+$M_\nu$+$N_{\rm eff}$ model, or $\Delta N_{\rm eff}< 0.063$ when future CMB data are included. When floating $(w_0, w_a)$, we find that the sensitivity to $N_{\rm eff}$ remains stable, while that to $M_\nu$ degrades at most by a factor 2. This work illustrates the complementarity between the Euclid spectroscopic and imaging/photometric surveys and between Euclid and CMB constraints. Euclid will have a great potential for measuring the neutrino mass and excluding well-motivated scenarios with additional relativistic particles., Comment: 48 pages, 33 figures
Published: 2024
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49. Quasi-Banach Schatten-von Neumann properties in Weyl-H\'ormander calculus

Author: Bonino, Matteo, Coriasco, Sandro, Petersson, Albin, and Toft, Joachim
Subjects: Mathematics - Functional Analysis
Abstract: We study structural properties of Wiener-Lebesgue spaces with respect to a slowly varying metrics and certain Lebesgue parameters. For $p\in (0,1]$, we deduce Schatten-$p$ properties for pseudo-differential operators whose symbols, together with their derivatives, obey suitable Wiener-Lebesgue-boundedness conditions. Especially, we perform such investigations for the Weyl-H\"ormander calculus. Finally, we apply our results to global-type SG and Shubin pseudo-differential operators., Comment: 21 pages. This is the first version. Some changes might be performed in the next versions
Published: 2024

50. Hermite expansions for spaces of functions with nearly optimal time-frequency decay

Author: Neyt, Lenny, Toft, Joachim, and Vindas, Jasson
Subjects: Mathematics - Functional Analysis, 46E10, 42A38, 42C10, 30H20
Abstract: We establish Hermite expansion characterizations for several subspaces of the Fr\'{e}chet space of functions on the real line satisfying \begin{equation*} |f(x)| \lesssim e^{-(\frac{1}{2} - \lambda ) x^{2}} , \qquad | \widehat{f}(\xi )| \lesssim e^{-(\frac{1}{2} - \lambda ) \xi ^{2}} , \qquad \forall \lambda > 0 . \end{equation*} In particular, we extend and improve Fourier characterizations of the so-called proper Pilipovi\'{c} spaces obtained in [J. Funct. Anal. 284 (2023), 109724]. The main ingredients in our proofs are the Bargmann transform and some achieved optimal forms of the Phragm\'{e}n-Lindel\"{o}f principle., Comment: 14 pages
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

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