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122 results on '"5109 Space Sciences"'

1. Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRSpec PRISM

Author

Rustamkulov, Z., Sing, D. K., Mukherjee, S., May, E. M., Kirk, J., Schlawin, E., Line, M. R., Piaulet, C., Carter, A. L., Batalha, N. E., Goyal, J. M., López-Morales, M., Lothringer, J. D., MacDonald, R. J., Moran, S. E., Stevenson, K. B., Wakeford, H. R., Espinoza, N., Bean, J. L., Batalha, N. M., Benneke, B., Berta-Thompson, Z. K., Crossfield, I. J. M., Gao, P., Kreidberg, L., Powell, D. K., Cubillos, P. E., Gibson, N. P., Leconte, J., Molaverdikhani, K., Nikolov, N. K., Parmentier, V., Roy, P., Taylor, J., Turner, J. D., Wheatley, P. J., Aggarwal, K., Ahrer, E., Alam, M. K., Alderson, L., Allen, N. H., Banerjee, A., Barat, S., Barrado, D., Barstow, J. K., Bell, T. J., Blecic, J., Brande, J., Casewell, S., Changeat, Q., Chubb, K. L., Crouzet, N., Daylan, T., Decin, L., Désert, J., Mikal-Evans, T., Feinstein, A. D., Flagg, L., Fortney, J. J., Harrington, J., Heng, K., Hong, Y., Hu, R., Iro, N., Kataria, T., Kempton, E. M.-R., Krick, J., Lendl, M., Lillo-Box, J., Louca, A., Lustig-Yaeger, J., Mancini, L., Mansfield, M., Mayne, N. J., Miguel, Y., Morello, G., Ohno, K., Palle, E., Petit Dit De La Roche, D. J. M., Rackham, B. V., Radica, M., Ramos-Rosado, L., Redfield, S., Rogers, L. K., Shkolnik, E. L., Southworth, J., Teske, J., Tremblin, P., Tucker, G. S., Venot, O., Waalkes, W. C., Welbanks, L., Zhang, X., Zieba, S., University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy, Rustamkulov, Z. [0000-0003-4408-0463], Sing, D. K. [0000-0001-6050-7645], Line, M. R. [0000-0001-6247-8323], Piaulet, C. [0000-0002-2875-917X], Goyal, J. M. [0000-0002-8515-7204], López-Morales, M. [0000-0003-3204-8183], Lothringer, J. D. [0000-0003-3667-8633], Stevenson, K. B. [0000-0002-7352-7941], Wakeford, H. R. [0000-0003-4328-3867], Benneke, B. [0000-0001-5578-1498], Powell, D. K. [0000-0002-4250-0957], Gibson, N. P. [0000-0002-9308-2353], Molaverdikhani, K. [0000-0002-0502-0428], Nikolov, N. K. [0000-0002-6500-3574], Taylor, J. [0000-0003-4844-9838], Wheatley, P. J. [0000-0003-1452-2240], Aggarwal, K. [0000-0002-7004-8670], Ahrer, E. [0000-0003-0973-8426], Alderson, L. [0000-0001-8703-7751], Allen, N. H. [0000-0002-0832-710X], Banerjee, A. [0000-0002-9124-6537], Barrado, D. [0000-0002-5971-9242], Barstow, J. K. [0000-0003-3726-5419], Crouzet, N. [0000-0001-7866-8738], Daylan, T. [0000-0002-6939-9211], Decin, L. [0000-0002-5342-8612], Mikal-Evans, T. [0000-0001-5442-1300], Feinstein, A. D. [0000-0002-9464-8101], Harrington, J. [0000-0002-8955-8531], Hu, R. [0000-0003-2215-8485], Kempton, E. M.-R. [0000-0002-1337-9051], Lillo-Box, J. [0000-0003-3742-1987], Mancini, L. [0000-0002-9428-8732], Mansfield, M. [0000-0003-4241-7413], Mayne, N. J. [0000-0001-6707-4563], Morello, G. [0000-0002-4262-5661], Palle, E. [0000-0003-0987-1593], Petit dit de la Roche, D. J. M. [0000-0002-8963-3810], Redfield, S. [0000-0003-3786-3486], Southworth, J. [0000-0002-3807-3198], Tremblin, P. [0000-0001-6172-3403], Zhang, X. [0000-0002-8706-6963], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Imperial College London, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, ASU School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Department of Physics [Montréal], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Utah Valley University (UVU), Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Carl Sagan Institute, Cornell University [New York], Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson] (LPL), H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Space Telescope Science Institute (STSci), Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics [Chicago], University of Chicago, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences [Boulder], University of Colorado [Boulder], Department of Physics and Astronomy [Lawrence Kansas], University of Kansas [Lawrence] (KU), Earth and Planets Laboratory [Washington], Carnegie Institution for Science, Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), INAF/Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, Turin, Italy, Trinity College Dublin, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University Observatory Munich, Ludwig-Maximillians University Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, University of Warwick [Coventry], Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Observatories [Carnegie Institution], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek (AI PANNEKOEK), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Bay Area Environmental Research Institute (BAER), New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU), University of Leicester, European Space Agency (Baltimore) Space Telescope Science Institute (ESA), University of St Andrews [Scotland], Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden, Department of Physics, Princeton University (DPPU), Princeton University, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics [UCSC Santa Cruz], University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Florida Space Institute [Orlando] (FSI), University of Central Florida [Orlando] (UCF), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institut de recherches Arctiques Jean Malaurie (IRAM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Saclay, Maison de la Simulation (MDLS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA, Entomological Society of America, ESA, Space Telescope Science Institute, STScI, Heising-Simons Foundation, HSF, Canadian Space Agency, CSA, (JWST-ERS-01366, NAS 5-03127), Rustamkulov, Z [0000-0003-4408-0463], Sing, DK [0000-0001-6050-7645], Line, MR [0000-0001-6247-8323], Piaulet, C [0000-0002-2875-917X], Goyal, JM [0000-0002-8515-7204], López-Morales, M [0000-0003-3204-8183], Lothringer, JD [0000-0003-3667-8633], Stevenson, KB [0000-0002-7352-7941], Wakeford, HR [0000-0003-4328-3867], Benneke, B [0000-0001-5578-1498], Powell, DK [0000-0002-4250-0957], Gibson, NP [0000-0002-9308-2353], Molaverdikhani, K [0000-0002-0502-0428], Nikolov, NK [0000-0002-6500-3574], Taylor, J [0000-0003-4844-9838], Wheatley, PJ [0000-0003-1452-2240], Aggarwal, K [0000-0002-7004-8670], Ahrer, E [0000-0003-0973-8426], Alderson, L [0000-0001-8703-7751], Allen, NH [0000-0002-0832-710X], Banerjee, A [0000-0002-9124-6537], Barrado, D [0000-0002-5971-9242], Barstow, JK [0000-0003-3726-5419], Crouzet, N [0000-0001-7866-8738], Daylan, T [0000-0002-6939-9211], Decin, L [0000-0002-5342-8612], Mikal-Evans, T [0000-0001-5442-1300], Feinstein, AD [0000-0002-9464-8101], Harrington, J [0000-0002-8955-8531], Hu, R [0000-0003-2215-8485], Kempton, EM-R [0000-0002-1337-9051], Lillo-Box, J [0000-0003-3742-1987], Mancini, L [0000-0002-9428-8732], Mansfield, M [0000-0003-4241-7413], Mayne, NJ [0000-0001-6707-4563], Morello, G [0000-0002-4262-5661], Palle, E [0000-0003-0987-1593], Petit Dit de la Roche, DJM [0000-0002-8963-3810], Redfield, S [0000-0003-3786-3486], Southworth, J [0000-0002-3807-3198], Tremblin, P [0000-0001-6172-3403], and Zhang, X [0000-0002-8706-6963]

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), 141, MCC, Multidisciplinary, Settore FIS/05, 134, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 639/33/445/862, article, FOS: Physical sciences, 639/33/445/824, DAS, 639/33/34/862, 5109 Space Sciences, 140, QC Physics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, QB Astronomy, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 51 Physical Sciences, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), QC, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, QB
Abstract

Transmission spectroscopy of exoplanets has revealed signatures of water vapor, aerosols, and alkali metals in a few dozen exoplanet atmospheres. However, these previous inferences with the Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes were hindered by the observations' relatively narrow wavelength range and spectral resolving power, which precluded the unambiguous identification of other chemical species$-$in particular the primary carbon-bearing molecules. Here we report a broad-wavelength 0.5-5.5 $\mu$m atmospheric transmission spectrum of WASP-39 b, a 1200 K, roughly Saturn-mass, Jupiter-radius exoplanet, measured with JWST NIRSpec's PRISM mode as part of the JWST Transiting Exoplanet Community Early Release Science Team program. We robustly detect multiple chemical species at high significance, including Na (19$\sigma$), H$_2$O (33$\sigma$), CO$_2$ (28$\sigma$), and CO (7$\sigma$). The non-detection of CH$_4$, combined with a strong CO$_2$ feature, favours atmospheric models with a super-solar atmospheric metallicity. An unanticipated absorption feature at 4$\mu$m is best explained by SO$_2$ (2.7$\sigma$), which could be a tracer of atmospheric photochemistry. These observations demonstrate JWST's sensitivity to a rich diversity of exoplanet compositions and chemical processes., Comment: 41 pages, 4 main figures, 10 extended data figures, 4 tables. Under review in Nature

Published
2023

2. Radial profiles of surface density in debris discs

Author

Rafikov, RR, Rafikov, Roman [0000-0002-0012-1609], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5109 Space Sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 51 Physical Sciences, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Resolved observations of debris discs can be used to derive radial profiles of Azimuthally-averaged Surface Density (ASD), which carries important information about the disc structure even in presence of non-axisymmetric features and has improved signal-to-noise characteristics. We develop a (semi-)analytical formalism allowing one to relate ASD to the underlying semi-major axis and eccentricity distributions of the debris particles in a straightforward manner. This approach does not involve the distribution of particle apsidal angles, thus simplifying calculations. It is a much faster, more flexible and effective way of calculating ASD than the Monte Carlo sampling of orbital parameters of debris particles. We present explicit analytical results based on this technique for a number of particle eccentricity distributions, including two cases of particular practical importance: a prescribed radial profile of eccentricity, and the Rayleigh distribution of eccentricities. We then show how our framework can be applied to observations of debris discs and rings for retrieving either the semi-major axis distribution or (in some cases) the eccentricity distribution of debris, thus providing direct information about the architecture and dynamical processes operating in debris discs. Our approach also provides a fast and efficient way of forward modeling observations. Applications of this technique to other astrophysical systems, e.g. the nuclear stellar disc in M31 or tenuous planetary rings, are also discussed., Comment: 16 pages, 13 figures, submitted to MNRAS, comments welcome

Published
2022

3. An olivine cumulate outcrop on the floor of Jezero crater, Mars

Author

Liu, Y, Tice, MM, Schmidt, ME, Treiman, AH, Kizovski, TV, Hurowitz, JA, Allwood, AC, Henneke, J, Pedersen, DAK, VanBommel, SJ, Jones, MWM, Knight, AL, Orenstein, BJ, Clark, BC, Elam, WT, Heirwegh, CM, Barber, T, Beegle, LW, Benzerara, K, Bernard, S, Beyssac, O, Bosak, T, Brown, AJ, Cardarelli, EL, Catling, DC, Christian, Cloutis, EA, Cohen, BA, Davidoff, S, Fairén, AG, Farley, KA, Flannery, DT, Galvin, A, Grotzinger, JP, Gupta, S, Hall, J, Herd, CDK, Hickman-Lewis, K, Hodyss, RP, Horgan, BHN, Johnson, Jørgensen, JL, Kah, LC, Maki, JN, Mandon, L, Mangold, N, McCubbin, FM, McLennan, SM, Moore, K, Nachon, M, Nemere, P, Nothdurft, LD, Núñez, JI, O'Neil, L, Quantin-Nataf, CM, Sautter, V, Shuster, DL, Siebach, KL, Simon, JI, Sinclair, KP, Stack, KM, Steele, A, Tarnas, JD, Tosca, NJ, Uckert, K, Udry, A, Wade, LA, Weiss, BP, Wiens, RC, Williford, KH, Zorzano, M-P, Mangold, Nicolas, Cosmochimie [IMPMC] (IMPMC_COSMO), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Liu, Y [0000-0003-0308-0942], Tice, MM [0000-0003-2560-1702], Schmidt, ME [0000-0003-4793-7899], Treiman, AH [0000-0002-8073-2839], Kizovski, TV [0000-0001-8188-9769], Hurowitz, JA [0000-0002-5857-8652], Henneke, J [0000-0002-3195-7417], Pedersen, DAK [0000-0001-7182-8567], VanBommel, SJ [0000-0002-6565-0827], Jones, MWM [0000-0002-0720-8715], Knight, AL [0000-0001-6832-8190], Orenstein, BJ [0000-0002-6586-4227], Clark, BC [0000-0002-5546-8757], Beegle, LW [0000-0002-4944-4353], Benzerara, K [0000-0002-0553-0137], Bernard, S [0000-0001-5576-7020], Beyssac, O [0000-0001-8879-4762], Bosak, T [0000-0001-5179-5323], Brown, AJ [0000-0002-9352-6989], Cardarelli, EL [0000-0001-5451-2309], Catling, DC [0000-0001-5646-120X], Christian, JR [0000-0003-4646-2852], Cloutis, EA [0000-0001-7301-0929], Cohen, BA [0000-0001-5896-5903], Davidoff, S [0000-0002-4417-7268], Fairén, AG [0000-0002-2938-6010], Flannery, DT [0000-0001-8982-496X], Grotzinger, JP [0000-0001-9324-1257], Gupta, S [0000-0001-6415-1332], Hall, J [0000-0003-0884-3777], Herd, CDK [0000-0001-5210-4002], Hickman-Lewis, K [0000-0001-8014-233X], Hodyss, RP [0000-0002-6523-3660], Horgan, BHN [0000-0001-6314-9724], Johnson, JR [0000-0002-5586-4901], Jørgensen, JL [0000-0002-0343-239X], Kah, LC [0000-0001-7172-2033], Maki, JN [0000-0002-7887-0343], Mandon, L [0000-0002-9310-0742], Mangold, N [0000-0002-0022-0631], McCubbin, FM [0000-0002-2101-4431], McLennan, SM [0000-0003-4259-7178], Nachon, M [0000-0003-0417-7076], Nothdurft, LD [0000-0001-9646-9070], Núñez, JI [0000-0003-0930-6674], O'Neil, L [0000-0003-1555-8229], Quantin-Nataf, CM [0000-0002-8313-8595], Shuster, DL [0000-0003-2507-9977], Siebach, KL [0000-0002-6628-6297], Simon, JI [0000-0002-3969-8958], Sinclair, KP [0000-0001-6261-4591], Stack, KM [0000-0003-3444-6695], Steele, A [0000-0001-9643-2841], Tarnas, JD [0000-0002-6256-0826], Tosca, NJ [0000-0003-4415-4231], Uckert, K [0000-0002-0859-5526], Udry, A [0000-0002-0074-8110], Wade, LA [0000-0001-8254-8181], Weiss, BP [0000-0003-3113-3415], Wiens, RC [0000-0002-3409-7344], Zorzano, M-P [0000-0002-4492-9650], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
[SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Multidisciplinary, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, 37 Earth Sciences, 3705 Geology, 5109 Space Sciences, [SDU.STU.PL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, 51 Physical Sciences, 3703 Geochemistry
Abstract

International audience; The geological units on the floor of Jezero crater, Mars, are part of a wider regional stratigraphy of olivine-rich rocks, which extends well beyond the crater. We investigate the petrology of olivine and carbonate-bearing rocks of the Séítah formation in the floor of Jezero. Using multispectral images and x-ray fluorescence data, acquired by the Perseverance rover, we performed a petrographic analysis of the Bastide and Brac outcrops within this unit. We find that these outcrops are composed of igneous rock, moderately altered by aqueous fluid. The igneous rocks are mainly made of coarse-grained olivine, similar to some Martian meteorites. We interpret them as an olivine cumulate, formed by settling and enrichment of olivine through multi-stage cooling of a thick magma body.

Published
2022

4. A BayeSN distance ladder: H0 from a consistent modelling of Type Ia supernovae from the optical to the near-infrared

Author

Dhawan, Suhail, Thorp, Stephen, Mandel, Kaisey S, Ward, Sam M, Narayan, Gautham, Jha, Saurabh W, Chant, Thaisen, Dhawan, Suhail [0000-0002-2376-6979], Mandel, Kaisey S [0000-0001-9846-4417], Jha, Saurabh W [0000-0001-8738-6011], Chant, Thaisen [0000-0002-4296-6765], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences
Abstract

The local distance ladder estimate of the Hubble constant (H0) is important in cosmology, given the recent tension with the early universe inference. We estimate H0 from the Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) distance ladder, inferring SN Ia distances with the hierarchical Bayesian SED model, BayeSN. This method has a notable advantage of being able to continuously model the optical and near-infrared (NIR) SN Ia light curves simultaneously. We use two independent distance indicators, Cepheids or the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB), to calibrate a Hubble-flow sample of 67 SNe Ia with optical and NIR data. We estimate H0 = 74.82 ± 0.97 (stat) $\pm \, 0.84$ (sys) km ${\rm s}^{-1}\, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$ when using the calibration with Cepheid distances to 37 host galaxies of 41 SNe Ia, and 70.92 ± 1.14 (stat) $\pm \, 1.49$ (sys) km ${\rm s}^{-1}\, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$ when using the calibration with TRGB distances to 15 host galaxies of 18 SNe Ia. For both methods, we find a low intrinsic scatter σint ≲ 0.1 mag. We test various selection criteria and do not find significant shifts in the estimate of H0. Simultaneous modelling of the optical and NIR yields up to ∼15 per cent reduction in H0 uncertainty compared to the equivalent optical-only cases. With improvements expected in other rungs of the distance ladder, leveraging joint optical-NIR SN Ia data can be critical to reducing the H0 error budget.

Published
2023

5. The Winchcombe fireball—That lucky survivor

Author

Sarah McMullan, Denis Vida, Hadrien A. R. Devillepoix, Jim Rowe, Luke Daly, Ashley J. King, Martin Cupák, Robert M. Howie, Eleanor K. Sansom, Patrick Shober, Martin C. Towner, Seamus Anderson, Luke McFadden, Jana Horák, Andrew R. D. Smedley, Katherine H. Joy, Alan Shuttleworth, Francois Colas, Brigitte Zanda, Áine C. O'Brien, Ian McMullan, Clive Shaw, Adam Suttle, Martin D. Suttle, John S. Young, Peter Campbell‐Burns, Richard Kacerek, Richard Bassom, Steve Bosley, Richard Fleet, Dave Jones, Mark McIntyre, Nick James, Derek Robson, Paul Dickinson, Philip A. Bland, Gareth S. Collins, McMullan, S [0000-0002-7194-6317], Vida, D [0000-0003-4166-8704], Devillepoix, HAR [0000-0001-9226-1870], Daly, L [0000-0002-7150-4092], King, AJ [0000-0001-6113-5417], Cupák, M [0000-0003-2193-0867], Howie, RM [0000-0002-5864-105X], Sansom, EK [0000-0003-2702-673X], Shober, P [0000-0003-4766-2098], Towner, MC [0000-0002-8240-4150], Anderson, S [0000-0002-8914-3264], Smedley, ARD [0000-0001-7137-6628], Joy, KH [0000-0003-4992-8750], Colas, F [0000-0002-0764-5042], O'Brien, ÁC [0000-0002-2591-7902], Suttle, MD [0000-0001-7165-2215], McIntyre, M [0000-0002-5769-4280], Bland, PA [0000-0002-4681-7898], Collins, GS [0000-0002-6087-6149], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, 5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences
Abstract

On February 28, 2021, a fireball dropped ∼0.6 kg of recovered CM2 carbonaceous chondrite meteorites in South-West England near the town of Winchcombe. We reconstruct the fireball's atmospheric trajectory, light curve, fragmentation behavior, and pre-atmospheric orbit from optical records contributed by five networks. The progenitor meteoroid was three orders of magnitude less massive (∼13 kg) than any previously observed carbonaceous fall. The Winchcombe meteorite survived entry because it was exposed to a very low peak atmospheric dynamic pressure (∼0.6 MPa) due to a fortuitous combination of entry parameters, notably low velocity (13.9 km s−1). A near-catastrophic fragmentation at ∼0.07 MPa points to the body's fragility. Low entry speeds which cause low peak dynamic pressures are likely necessary conditions for a small carbonaceous meteoroid to survive atmospheric entry, strongly constraining the radiant direction to the general antapex direction. Orbital integrations show that the meteoroid was injected into the near-Earth region ∼0.08 Myr ago and it never had a perihelion distance smaller than ∼0.7 AU, while other CM2 meteorites with known orbits approached the Sun closer (∼0.5 AU) and were heated to at least 100 K higher temperatures.

Published
2023

6. Photochemically produced SO2 in the atmosphere of WASP-39b

Author

Tsai, Shang-Min, Lee, Elspeth K H, Powell, Diana, Gao, Peter, Zhang, Xi, Moses, Julianne, Hébrard, Eric, Venot, Olivia, Parmentier, Vivien, Jordan, Sean, Hu, Renyu, Alam, Munazza K, Alderson, Lili, Batalha, Natalie M, Bean, Jacob L, Benneke, Björn, Bierson, Carver J, Brady, Ryan P, Carone, Ludmila, Carter, Aarynn L, Chubb, Katy L, Inglis, Julie, Leconte, Jérémy, Line, Michael, López-Morales, Mercedes, Miguel, Yamila, Molaverdikhani, Karan, Rustamkulov, Zafar, Sing, David K, Stevenson, Kevin B, Wakeford, Hannah R, Yang, Jeehyun, Aggarwal, Keshav, Baeyens, Robin, Barat, Saugata, de Val-Borro, Miguel, Daylan, Tansu, Fortney, Jonathan J, France, Kevin, Goyal, Jayesh M, Grant, David, Kirk, James, Kreidberg, Laura, Louca, Amy, Moran, Sarah E, Mukherjee, Sagnick, Nasedkin, Evert, Ohno, Kazumasa, Rackham, Benjamin V, Redfield, Seth, Taylor, Jake, Tremblin, Pascal, Visscher, Channon, Wallack, Nicole L, Welbanks, Luis, Youngblood, Allison, Ahrer, Eva-Maria, Batalha, Natasha E, Behr, Patrick, Berta-Thompson, Zachory K, Blecic, Jasmina, Casewell, S L, Crossfield, Ian J M, Crouzet, Nicolas, Cubillos, Patricio E, Decin, Leen, Désert, Jean-Michel, Feinstein, Adina D, Gibson, Neale P, Harrington, Joseph, Heng, Kevin, Henning, Thomas, Kempton, Eliza M-R, Krick, Jessica, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Lendl, Monika, Lothringer, Joshua D, Mansfield, Megan, Mayne, N J, Mikal-Evans, Thomas, Palle, Enric, Schlawin, Everett, Shorttle, Oliver, Wheatley, Peter J, Yurchenko, Sergei N, Tsai, Shang-Min [0000-0002-8163-4608], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), MCC, Multidisciplinary, 520 Astronomy, 520 Astronomie, FOS: Physical sciences, DAS, 5109 Space Sciences, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, QB Astronomy, 51 Physical Sciences, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, QB
Abstract

Photochemistry is a fundamental process of planetary atmospheres that regulates the atmospheric composition and stability. However, no unambiguous photochemical products have been detected in exoplanet atmospheres to date. Recent observations from the JWST Transiting Exoplanet Early Release Science Program found a spectral absorption feature at 4.05 $\mu$m arising from SO$_2$ in the atmosphere of WASP-39b. WASP-39b is a 1.27-Jupiter-radii, Saturn-mass (0.28 M$_J$) gas giant exoplanet orbiting a Sun-like star with an equilibrium temperature of $\sim$1100 K. The most plausible way of generating SO$_2$ in such an atmosphere is through photochemical processes. Here we show that the SO$_2$ distribution computed by a suite of photochemical models robustly explains the 4.05 $\mu$m spectral feature identified by JWST transmission observations with NIRSpec PRISM (2.7$\sigma$) and G395H (4.5$\sigma$). SO$_2$ is produced by successive oxidation of sulphur radicals freed when hydrogen sulphide (H$_2$S) is destroyed. The sensitivity of the SO$_2$ feature to the enrichment of the atmosphere by heavy elements (metallicity) suggests that it can be used as a tracer of atmospheric properties, with WASP-39b exhibiting an inferred metallicity of $\sim$10$\times$ solar. We further point out that SO$_2$ also shows observable features at ultraviolet and thermal infrared wavelengths not available from the existing observations., Comment: 39 pages, 14 figures, accepted to be published in Nature

Published
2023

7. A Large Double-ring Disk Around the Taurus M Dwarf J04124068+2438157

Author

Feng Long, Bin B. Ren, Nicole L. Wallack, Daniel Harsono, Gregory J. Herczeg, Paola Pinilla, Dimitri Mawet, Michael C. Liu, Sean M. Andrews, Xue-Ning Bai, Sylvie Cabrit, Lucas A. Cieza, Doug Johnstone, Jarron M. Leisenring, Giuseppe Lodato, Yao Liu, Carlo F. Manara, Gijs D. Mulders, Enrico Ragusa, Steph Sallum, Yangfan Shi, Marco Tazzari, Taichi Uyama, Kevin Wagner, David J. Wilner, Jerry W. Xuan, Long, F [0000-0002-7607-719X], Ren, BB [0000-0003-1698-9696], Wallack, NL [0000-0003-0354-0187], Harsono, D [0000-0001-6307-4195], Herczeg, GJ [0000-0002-7154-6065], Pinilla, P [0000-0001-8764-1780], Mawet, D [0000-0002-8895-4735], Liu, MC [0000-0003-2232-7664], Andrews, SM [0000-0003-2253-2270], Bai, XN [0000-0001-6906-9549], Cabrit, S [0000-0002-1593-3693], Cieza, LA [0000-0002-2828-1153], Johnstone, D [0000-0002-6773-459X], Leisenring, JM [0000-0002-0834-6140], Lodato, G [0000-0002-2357-7692], Manara, CF [0000-0003-3562-262X], Mulders, GD [0000-0002-1078-9493], Ragusa, E [0000-0001-5378-7749], Sallum, S [0000-0001-6871-6775], Shi, Y [0000-0001-9277-6495], Tazzari, M [0000-0003-3590-5814], Uyama, T [0000-0002-6879-3030], Wagner, K [0000-0002-4309-6343], Wilner, DJ [0000-0003-1526-7587], Xuan, JW [0000-0002-6618-1137], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Space and Planetary Science, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Planet formation imprints signatures on the physical structures of disks. In this paper, we present high-resolution ($\sim$50 mas, 8 au) Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of 1.3 mm dust continuum and CO line emission toward the disk around the M3.5 star 2MASS J04124068+2438157. The dust disk consists only of two narrow rings at radial distances of 0.47 and 0.78 arcsec ($\sim$70 and 116 au), with Gaussian $\sigma$ widths of 5.6 and 8.5 au, respectively. The width of the outer ring is smaller than the estimated pressure scale height by $\sim25\%$, suggesting dust trapping in a radial pressure bump. The dust disk size, set by the location of the outermost ring, is significantly larger (by $3\sigma$) than other disks with similar millimeter luminosity, which can be explained by an early formation of local pressure bump to stop radial drift of millimeter dust grains. After considering the disk's physical structure and accretion properties, we prefer planet--disk interaction over dead zone or photoevaporation models to explain the observed dust disk morphology. We carry out high-contrast imaging at $L'$ band using Keck/NIRC2 to search for potential young planets, but do not identify any source above $5\sigma$. Within the dust gap between the two rings, we reach a contrast level of $\sim$7 mag, constraining the possible planet below $\sim$2--4 $M_{\rm Jup}$. Analyses of the gap/ring properties suggest a $\sim$Saturn mass planet at $\sim$90 au is likely responsible for the formation of the outer ring, which can be potentially revealed with JWST., Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2023

8. Azimuthal C/O variations in a planet-forming disk

Author

Keyte, L, Kama, M, Booth, AS, Bergin, EA, Cleeves, LI, Van Dishoeck, EF, Drozdovskaya, MN, Furuya, K, Rawlings, J, Shorttle, O, Walsh, C, Keyte, L [0000-0001-5849-577X], Kama, M [0000-0003-0065-7267], Booth, AS [0000-0003-2014-2121], Bergin, EA [0000-0003-4179-6394], van Dishoeck, EF [0000-0001-7591-1907], Drozdovskaya, MN [0000-0001-7479-4948], Furuya, K [0000-0002-2026-8157], Shorttle, O [0000-0002-8713-1446], Walsh, C [0000-0001-6078-786X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The elemental carbon-to-oxygen ratio (C/O) in the atmosphere of a giant planet is a promising diagnostic of that planet's formation history in a protoplanetary disk. Alongside efforts in the exoplanet community to measure C/O in planetary atmospheres, observational and theoretical studies of disks are increasingly focused on understanding how the gas-phase C/O varies both with radial location and between disks. This is mostly tied to the icelines of major volatile carriers such as CO and H2O. Using ALMA observations of CS and SO, we have unearthed evidence for an entirely novel type of C/O variation in the protoplanetary disk around HD 100546: an azimuthal variation from a typical, oxygen-dominated ratio (C/O=0.5) to a carbon-dominated ratio (C/O>1.0). We show that the spatial distribution and peculiar line kinematics of both CS and SO molecules can be well-explained by azimuthal variations in the C/O ratio. We propose a shadowing mechanism that could lead to such a chemical dichotomy. Our results imply that tracing the formation history of giant exoplanets using their atmospheric C/O ratios will need to take into account time-dependent azimuthal C/O variations in a planet's accretion zone., Accepted in Nature Astronomy

Published
2023

9. Overview of the DESI Milky Way Survey

Author

Andrew P. Cooper, Sergey E. Koposov, Carlos Allende Prieto, Christopher J. Manser, Namitha Kizhuprakkat, Adam D. Myers, Arjun Dey, Boris T. Gänsicke, Ting S. Li, Constance Rockosi, Monica Valluri, Joan Najita, Alis Deason, Anand Raichoor, M.-Y. Wang, Y.-S. Ting, Bokyoung Kim, Andreia Carrillo, Wenting Wang, Leandro Beraldo e Silva, Jiwon Jesse Han, Jiani Ding, Miguel Sánchez-Conde, Jessica N. Aguilar, Steven Ahlen, Stephen Bailey, Vasily Belokurov, David Brooks, Katia Cunha, Kyle Dawson, Axel de la Macorra, Peter Doel, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Parker Fagrelius, Kevin Fanning, Andreu Font-Ribera, Jaime E. Forero-Romero, Enrique Gaztañaga, Satya Gontcho A Gontcho, Julien Guy, Klaus Honscheid, Robert Kehoe, Theodore Kisner, Anthony Kremin, Martin Landriau, Michael E. Levi, Paul Martini, Aaron M. Meisner, Ramon Miquel, John Moustakas, Jundan J. D. Nie, Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille, Will J. Percival, Claire Poppett, Francisco Prada, Nabeel Rehemtulla, Edward Schlafly, David Schlegel, Michael Schubnell, Ray M. Sharples, Gregory Tarlé, Risa H. Wechsler, David H. Weinberg, Zhimin Zhou, Hu Zou, Cooper, AP [0000-0001-8274-158X], Koposov, SE [0000-0003-2644-135X], Allende Prieto, C [0000-0002-0084-572X], Manser, CJ [0000-0003-1543-5405], Dey, A [0000-0002-4928-4003], Gänsicke, BT [0000-0002-2761-3005], Li, TS [0000-0002-9110-6163], Rockosi, C [0000-0002-6667-7028], Valluri, M [0000-0002-6257-2341], Najita, J [0000-0002-5758-150X], Deason, A [0000-0001-6146-2645], Raichoor, A [0000-0001-5999-7923], Ting, YS [0000-0001-5082-9536], Kim, B [0000-0002-8999-1108], Carrillo, A [0000-0002-5786-0787], Beraldo e Silva, L [0000-0002-0740-1507], Han, JJ [0000-0002-6800-5778], Ding, J [0000-0003-4651-8510], Sánchez-Conde, M [0000-0002-3849-9164], Aguilar, JN [0000-0003-0822-452X], Ahlen, S [0000-0001-6098-7247], Bailey, S [0000-0003-4162-6619], Belokurov, V [0000-0002-0038-9584], Brooks, D [0000-0002-8458-5047], Cunha, K [0000-0001-6476-0576], Dawson, K [0000-0002-0553-3805], Eisenstein, DJ [0000-0002-2929-3121], Font-Ribera, A [0000-0002-3033-7312], Forero-Romero, JE [0000-0002-2890-3725], Gaztañaga, E [0000-0001-9632-0815], A Gontcho, SG [0000-0003-3142-233X], Guy, J [0000-0001-9822-6793], Kehoe, R [0000-0002-7101-697X], Kisner, T [0000-0003-3510-7134], Kremin, A [0000-0001-6356-7424], Landriau, M [0000-0003-1838-8528], Levi, ME [0000-0003-1887-1018], Martini, P [0000-0002-0194-4017], Meisner, AM [0000-0002-1125-7384], Miquel, R [0000-0002-6610-4836], Moustakas, J [0000-0002-2733-4559], Nie, JJD [0000-0001-6590-8122], Palanque-Delabrouille, N [0000-0003-3188-784X], Percival, WJ [0000-0002-0644-5727], Prada, F [0000-0001-7145-8674], Rehemtulla, N [0000-0002-5683-2389], Schlafly, E [0000-0002-3569-7421], Schlegel, D [0000-0002-5042-5088], Sharples, RM [0000-0003-3449-8583], Tarlé, G [0000-0003-1704-0781], Wechsler, RH [0000-0003-2229-011X], Weinberg, DH [0000-0001-7775-7261], Zhou, Z [0000-0002-4135-0977], Zou, H [0000-0002-6684-3997], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, HEP, INSPIRE, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Surveys (1671), Dwarf Galaxies (416), astro-ph.GA, FOS: Physical sciences, Milky Way Dark Matter Halo (1049), 5109 Space Sciences, Stellar Abundances (1577), Galaxy Formation (595), Milky Way Evolution (1052), Milky Way Galaxy (1054), Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Milky Way Stellar Halo (1060), Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Space and Planetary Science, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Radial Velocity (1332), astro-ph.CO, Milky Way Dynamics (1051), Spectroscopy (1558), Milky Way Galaxy Physics (1056), [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 51 Physical Sciences, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, los autores pertenecientes a la UAM y el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si lo hubiere, We describe the Milky Way Survey (MWS) that will be undertaken with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) on the Mayall 4 m telescope at the Kitt Peak National Observatory. Over the next 5 yr DESI MWS will observe approximately seven million stars at Galactic latitudes ∣b∣ > 20°, with an inclusive target selection scheme focused on the thick disk and stellar halo. MWS will also include several high-completeness samples of rare stellar types, including white dwarfs, low-mass stars within 100 pc of the Sun, and horizontal branch stars. We summarize the potential of DESI to advance understanding of the Galactic structure and stellar evolution. We introduce the final definitions of the main MWS target classes and estimate the number of stars in each class that will be observed. We describe our pipelines for deriving radial velocities, atmospheric parameters, and chemical abundances. We use ≃500,000 spectra of unique stellar targets from the DESI Survey Validation program (SV) to demonstrate that our pipelines can measure radial velocities to ≃1 km s−1 and [Fe/H] accurate to ≃0.2 dex for typical stars in our main sample. We find the stellar parameter distributions from ≈100 deg2 of SV observations with ≳90% completeness on our main sample are in good agreement with expectations from mock catalogs and previous surveys, This equipment was funded by MoE, NSTC, and National Tsing Hua University. C.A.P. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) projects AYA2017-86389-P and PID2020-117493GB-I00. C.J.M. acknowledges financial support from Imperial College London through an Imperial College Research Fellowship grant. M.V. and L.B.e.S. acknowledge support from NASA-ATP award 80NSSC20K0509. The work of A.D. and J.N. is supported by NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. T.S.L. acknowledges financial support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) through grant RGPIN-2022-04794. B.T. G. was supported by grant ST/T000406/1 from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC). This project has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Unionʼs Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 101020057). This research made use of computing time available on the high-performance computing system at the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias

Published
2023
Full Text
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10. JWST and ALMA imaging of dust-obscured, massive substructures in a typical $z \sim 3$ star-forming disk galaxy

Author

Wiphu Rujopakarn, Christina C. Williams, Emanuele Daddi, Malte Schramm, Fengwu Sun, Stacey Alberts, George H. Rieke, Qing-Hua Tan, Sandro Tacchella, Mauro Giavalisco, John D. Silverman, Rujopakarn, W [0000-0002-0303-499X], Williams, CC [0000-0003-2919-7495], Schramm, M [0000-0001-7825-0075], Sun, F [0000-0002-4622-6617], Alberts, S [0000-0002-8909-8782], Rieke, GH [0000-0003-2303-6519], Tan, QH [0000-0003-3032-0948], Tacchella, S [0000-0002-8224-4505], Giavalisco, M [0000-0002-7831-8751], Silverman, JD [0000-0002-0000-6977], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Space and Planetary Science, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We present an identification of dust-attenuated star-forming galactic-disk substructures in a typical star-forming galaxy (SFG), UDF2, at $z = 2.696$. To date, substructures containing significant buildup of stellar mass and actively forming stars have yet to be found in typical (i.e., main-sequence) SFGs at $z > 2$. This is due to the strong dust attenuation common in massive galaxies at the epoch and the scarcity of high-resolution, high-sensitivity extinction-independent imaging. To search for disk substructures, we subtracted the central stellar-mass disk from the JWST/NIRCam rest-frame 1.2 $\mu$m image ($0.13''$ resolution) and subtracted, in the visibility plane, the central starburst disk from ALMA rest-frame 240 $\mu$m observations ($0.03''$ resolution). The residual images revealed substructures at rest-frame 1.2 $\mu$m co-located with those found at rest-frame 240 $\mu$m, $\simeq 2$ kpc away from the galactic center. The largest substructure contains $\simeq20$% of the total stellar mass and $\simeq5$% of the total SFR of the galaxy. While UDF2 exhibits a kinematically-ordered velocity field of molecular gas consistent with a secularly evolving disk, more sensitive observations are required to characterize the nature and the origin of this substructure (spiral arms, minor merger, or other types of disk instabilities). UDF2 resides in an overdense region ($N \geqslant 4$ massive galaxies within 70 kpc projected distance at $z=2.690-2.697$) and the substructures may be associated with interaction-induced instabilities. Importantly, a statistical sample of such substructures identified with JWST and ALMA could play a key role in bridging the gap between the bulge-forming starburst and the rest of the galaxy., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures; ApJL, accepted

Published
2023

11. Evidence for a Massive Andromeda Galaxy Using Satellite Galaxy Proper Motions

Author

Ekta Patel, Kaisey S. Mandel, Patel, E [0000-0002-9820-1219], Mandel, KS [0000-0001-9846-4417], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5109 Space Sciences, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, 51 Physical Sciences
Abstract

We present new mass estimates for Andromeda (M31) using the orbital angular momenta of four satellite galaxies (M33, NGC 185, NGC 147, IC 10) derived from existing proper motions, distances, and line-of-sight velocities. We infer two masses for M31: $M_{\rm vir}= 2.85^{+1.47}_{-0.77}\times10^{12}\, M_{\odot}$ using satellite galaxy phase space information derived with HST-based M31 proper motions and $M_{\rm vir}=3.02^{+1.30}_{-0.69}\times10^{12}\, M_{\odot}$ using phase space information derived with the weighted average of HST+Gaia-based M31 proper motions. The precision of our new M31 mass estimates (23-50%) improves by a factor of two compared to previous mass estimates using a similar methodology with just one satellite galaxy and places our results amongst the highest precision M31 estimates in recent literature. Furthermore, our results are consistent with recently revised estimates for the total mass of the Local Group (LG), with the stellar mass--halo mass relation, and with observed kinematic data for both M31 and its entire population of satellites. An M31 mass $> 2.5 \times 10^{12}\, M_{\odot}$ could have major implications for our understanding of LG dynamics, M31's merger and accretion history, and our understanding of LG galaxies in a cosmological context., 21 pages, 6 figures. Submitted to ApJ

Published
2023
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12. The JWST Early-release Science Program for Direct Observations of Exoplanetary Systems II: A 1 to 20 μm Spectrum of the Planetary-mass Companion VHS 1256-1257 b

Author

Miles, BE, Biller, BA, Patapis, P, Worthen, K, Rickman, E, Hoch, KKW, Skemer, A, Perrin, MD, Whiteford, N, Chen, CH, Sargent, B, Mukherjee, S, Morley, CV, Moran, SE, Bonnefoy, M, Petrus, S, Carter, AL, Choquet, E, Hinkley, S, Ward-Duong, K, Leisenring, JM, Millar-Blanchaer, MA, Pueyo, L, Ray, S, Sallum, S, Stapelfeldt, KR, Stone, JM, Wang, JJ, Absil, O, Balmer, WO, Boccaletti, A, Bonavita, M, Booth, M, Bowler, BP, Chauvin, G, Christiaens, V, Currie, T, Danielski, C, Fortney, JJ, Girard, JH, Grady, CA, Greenbaum, AZ, Henning, T, Hines, DC, Janson, M, Kalas, P, Kammerer, J, Kennedy, GM, Kenworthy, MA, Kervella, P, Lagage, PO, Lew, BWP, Liu, MC, Macintosh, B, Marino, S, Marley, MS, Marois, C, Matthews, EC, Matthews, BC, Mawet, D, McElwain, MW, Metchev, S, Meyer, MR, Molliere, P, Pantin, E, Quirrenbach, A, Rebollido, I, Ren, BB, Schneider, G, Vasist, M, Wyatt, MC, Zhou, Y, Briesemeister, ZW, Bryan, ML, Calissendorff, P, Cantalloube, F, Cugno, G, De Furio, M, Dupuy, TJ, Factor, SM, Faherty, JK, Fitzgerald, MP, Franson, K, Gonzales, EC, Hood, CE, Howe, AR, Kraus, AL, Kuzuhara, M, Lagrange, AM, Lawson, K, Lazzoni, C, Liu, P, Llop-Sayson, J, Lloyd, JP, Martinez, RA, Mazoyer, J, Quanz, SP, Redai, JA, Samland, M, Schlieder, JE, Miles, BE [0000-0002-5500-4602], Biller, BA [0000-0003-4614-7035], Patapis, P [0000-0001-8718-3732], Worthen, K [0000-0002-5885-5779], Rickman, E [0000-0003-4203-9715], Hoch, KKW [0000-0002-9803-8255], Skemer, A [0000-0001-6098-3924], Perrin, MD [0000-0002-3191-8151], Whiteford, N [0000-0001-8818-1544], Chen, CH [0000-0002-8382-0447], Sargent, B [0000-0001-9855-8261], Mukherjee, S [0000-0003-1622-1302], Morley, CV [0000-0002-4404-0456], Moran, SE [0000-0002-6721-3284], Bonnefoy, M [0000-0001-5579-5339], Petrus, S [0000-0003-0331-3654], Carter, AL [0000-0001-5365-4815], Choquet, E [0000-0002-9173-0740], Hinkley, S [0000-0001-8074-2562], Ward-Duong, K [0000-0002-4479-8291], Leisenring, JM [0000-0002-0834-6140], Millar-Blanchaer, MA [0000-0001-6205-9233], Ray, S [0000-0003-2259-3911], Sallum, S [0000-0001-6871-6775], Stapelfeldt, KR [0000-0002-2805-7338], Stone, JM [0000-0003-0454-3718], Wang, JJ [0000-0003-0774-6502], Absil, O [0000-0002-4006-6237], Balmer, WO [0000-0001-6396-8439], Boccaletti, A [0000-0001-9353-2724], Bonavita, M [0000-0002-7520-8389], Booth, M [0000-0001-8568-6336], Bowler, BP [0000-0003-2649-2288], Chauvin, G [0000-0003-4022-8598], Christiaens, V [0000-0002-0101-8814], Currie, T [0000-0002-7405-3119], Danielski, C [0000-0002-3729-2663], Fortney, JJ [0000-0002-9843-4354], Girard, JH [0000-0001-8627-0404], Greenbaum, AZ [0000-0002-7162-8036], Henning, T [0000-0002-1493-300X], Hines, DC [0000-0003-4653-6161], Janson, M [0000-0001-8345-593X], Kalas, P [0000-0002-6221-5360], Kammerer, J [0000-0003-2769-0438], Kennedy, GM [0000-0001-6831-7547], Kenworthy, MA [0000-0002-7064-8270], Kervella, P [0000-0003-0626-1749], Lew, BWP [0000-0003-1487-6452], Liu, MC [0000-0003-2232-7664], Macintosh, B [0000-0003-1212-7538], Marino, S [0000-0002-5352-2924], Marley, MS [0000-0002-5251-2943], Marois, C [0000-0002-4164-4182], Matthews, EC [0000-0003-0593-1560], Matthews, BC [0000-0003-3017-9577], Mawet, D [0000-0002-8895-4735], McElwain, MW [0000-0003-0241-8956], Metchev, S [0000-0003-3050-8203], Meyer, MR [0000-0003-1227-3084], Molliere, P [0000-0003-4096-7067], Pantin, E [0000-0001-6472-2844], Rebollido, I [0000-0002-4388-6417], Ren, BB [0000-0003-1698-9696], Schneider, G [0000-0002-4511-5966], Vasist, M [0000-0002-4511-3602], Wyatt, MC [0000-0001-9064-5598], Zhou, Y [0000-0003-2969-6040], Briesemeister, ZW [0000-0002-1764-2494], Bryan, ML [0000-0002-6076-5967], Calissendorff, P [0000-0002-5335-0616], Cantalloube, F [0000-0002-3968-3780], Cugno, G [0000-0001-7255-3251], De Furio, M [0000-0003-1863-4960], Dupuy, TJ [0000-0001-9823-1445], Factor, SM [0000-0002-8332-8516], Faherty, JK [0000-0001-6251-0573], Fitzgerald, MP [0000-0002-0176-8973], Franson, K [0000-0003-4557-414X], Gonzales, EC [0000-0003-4636-6676], Hood, CE [0000-0003-1150-7889], Howe, AR [0000-0002-4884-7150], Kraus, AL [0000-0001-9811-568X], Kuzuhara, M [0000-0002-4677-9182], Lawson, K [0000-0002-6964-8732], Lazzoni, C [0000-0001-7819-9003], Liu, P [0000-0001-7047-0874], Llop-Sayson, J [0000-0002-3414-784X], Martinez, RA [0000-0001-6301-896X], Mazoyer, J [0000-0002-9133-3091], Quanz, SP [0000-0003-3829-7412], Redai, JA [0000-0002-4489-3168], Samland, M [0000-0001-9992-4067], Schlieder, JE [0000-0001-5347-7062], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
The Solar System, Exoplanets, and Astrobiology, 5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences
Abstract

We present the highest fidelity spectrum to date of a planetary-mass object. VHS 1256 b is a M Jup widely separated (∼8″, a = 150 au), young, planetary-mass companion that shares photometric colors and spectroscopic features with the directly imaged exoplanets HR 8799c, d, and e. As an L-to-T transition object, VHS 1256 b exists along the region of the color–magnitude diagram where substellar atmospheres transition from cloudy to clear. We observed VHS 1256 b with JWST's NIRSpec IFU and MIRI MRS modes for coverage from 1 to 20 μm at resolutions of ∼1000–3700. Water, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sodium, and potassium are observed in several portions of the JWST spectrum based on comparisons from template brown dwarf spectra, molecular opacities, and atmospheric models. The spectral shape of VHS 1256 b is influenced by disequilibrium chemistry and clouds. We directly detect silicate clouds, the first such detection reported for a planetary-mass companion.

Published
2023

13. Thermodynamics of diamond formation from hydrocarbon mixtures in planets

Author

Bingqing Cheng, Sebastien Hamel, Mandy Bethkenhagen, Cheng, Bingqing [0000-0002-3584-9632], Hamel, Sebastien [0000-0003-4246-0892], Bethkenhagen, Mandy [0000-0002-1838-2129], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, General Physics and Astronomy, 5109 Space Sciences, General Chemistry, 51 Physical Sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract

Hydrocarbon mixtures are extremely abundant in the Universe, and diamond formation from them can play a crucial role in shaping the interior structure and evolution of planets. With first-principles accuracy, we first estimate the melting line of diamond, and then reveal the nature of chemical bonding in hydrocarbons at extreme conditions. We finally establish the pressure-temperature phase boundary where it is thermodynamically possible for diamond to form from hydrocarbon mixtures with different atomic fractions of carbon. Notably, here we show a depletion zone at pressures above 200 GPa and temperatures below 3000 K-3500 K where diamond formation is thermodynamically favorable regardless of the carbon atomic fraction, due to a phase separation mechanism. The cooler condition of the interior of Neptune compared to Uranus means that the former is much more likely to contain the depletion zone. Our findings can help explain the dichotomy of the two ice giants manifested by the low luminosity of Uranus, and lead to a better understanding of (exo-)planetary formation and evolution.

Published
2023

14. Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRCam

Author

Eva-Maria Ahrer, Kevin B. Stevenson, Megan Mansfield, Sarah E. Moran, Jonathan Brande, Giuseppe Morello, Catriona A. Murray, Nikolay K. Nikolov, Dominique J. M. Petit dit de la Roche, Everett Schlawin, Peter J. Wheatley, Sebastian Zieba, Natasha E. Batalha, Mario Damiano, Jayesh M. Goyal, Monika Lendl, Joshua D. Lothringer, Sagnick Mukherjee, Kazumasa Ohno, Natalie M. Batalha, Matthew P. Battley, Jacob L. Bean, Thomas G. Beatty, Björn Benneke, Zachory K. Berta-Thompson, Aarynn L. Carter, Patricio E. Cubillos, Tansu Daylan, Néstor Espinoza, Peter Gao, Neale P. Gibson, Samuel Gill, Joseph Harrington, Renyu Hu, Laura Kreidberg, Nikole K. Lewis, Michael R. Line, Mercedes López-Morales, Vivien Parmentier, Diana K. Powell, David K. Sing, Shang-Min Tsai, Hannah R. Wakeford, Luis Welbanks, Munazza K. Alam, Lili Alderson, Natalie H. Allen, David R. Anderson, Joanna K. Barstow, Daniel Bayliss, Taylor J. Bell, Jasmina Blecic, Edward M. Bryant, Matthew R. Burleigh, Ludmila Carone, S. L. Casewell, Quentin Changeat, Katy L. Chubb, Ian J. M. Crossfield, Nicolas Crouzet, Leen Decin, Jean-Michel Désert, Adina D. Feinstein, Laura Flagg, Jonathan J. Fortney, John E. Gizis, Kevin Heng, Nicolas Iro, Eliza M.-R. Kempton, Sarah Kendrew, James Kirk, Heather A. Knutson, Thaddeus D. Komacek, Pierre-Olivier Lagage, Jérémy Leconte, Jacob Lustig-Yaeger, Ryan J. MacDonald, Luigi Mancini, E. M. May, N. J. Mayne, Yamila Miguel, Thomas Mikal-Evans, Karan Molaverdikhani, Enric Palle, Caroline Piaulet, Benjamin V. Rackham, Seth Redfield, Laura K. Rogers, Pierre-Alexis Roy, Zafar Rustamkulov, Evgenya L. Shkolnik, Kristin S. Sotzen, Jake Taylor, P. Tremblin, Gregory S. Tucker, Jake D. Turner, Miguel de Val-Borro, Olivia Venot, Xi Zhang, Ahrer, Eva-Maria [0000-0003-0973-8426], Stevenson, Kevin B. [0000-0002-7352-7941], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy, and Stevenson, Kevin B [0000-0002-7352-7941]

Subjects
141, Extraterrestrial Environment, 639/33/445/862, FOS: Physical sciences, Planets, 5109 Space Sciences, 140, Exobiology, QB Astronomy, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), QB, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), MCC, Multidisciplinary, Atmosphere, Settore FIS/05, article, Water, DAS, 639/33/34/862, Oxygen, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 51 Physical Sciences, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Measuring the metallicity and carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio in exoplanet atmospheres is a fundamental step towards constraining the dominant chemical processes at work and, if in equilibrium, revealing planet formation histories. Transmission spectroscopy provides the necessary means by constraining the abundances of oxygen- and carbon-bearing species; however, this requires broad wavelength coverage, moderate spectral resolution, and high precision that, together, are not achievable with previous observatories. Now that JWST has commenced science operations, we are able to observe exoplanets at previously uncharted wavelengths and spectral resolutions. Here we report time-series observations of the transiting exoplanet WASP-39b using JWST's Near InfraRed Camera (NIRCam). The long-wavelength spectroscopic and short-wavelength photometric light curves span 2.0 - 4.0 $\mu$m, exhibit minimal systematics, and reveal well-defined molecular absorption features in the planet's spectrum. Specifically, we detect gaseous H$_2$O in the atmosphere and place an upper limit on the abundance of CH$_4$. The otherwise prominent CO$_2$ feature at 2.8 $\mu$m is largely masked by H$_2$O. The best-fit chemical equilibrium models favour an atmospheric metallicity of 1-100$\times$ solar (i.e., an enrichment of elements heavier than helium relative to the Sun) and a sub-stellar carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio. The inferred high metallicity and low C/O ratio may indicate significant accretion of solid materials during planet formation or disequilibrium processes in the upper atmosphere., Comment: 35 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables, Nature, accepted

Published
2023
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15. RC100: Rotation Curves of 100 Massive Star-forming Galaxies at z = 0.6-2.5 Reveal Little Dark Matter on Galactic Scales

Author

A. Nestor Shachar, S. H. Price, N. M. Förster Schreiber, R. Genzel, T. T. Shimizu, L. J. Tacconi, H. Übler, A. Burkert, R. I. Davies, A. Dekel, R. Herrera-Camus, L. L. Lee, D. Liu, D. Lutz, T. Naab, R. Neri, A. Renzini, R. Saglia, K. F. Schuster, A. Sternberg, E. Wisnioski, S. Wuyts, Nestor Shachar, A [0000-0003-1785-1357], Price, SH [0000-0002-0108-4176], Förster Schreiber, NM [0000-0003-4264-3381], Genzel, R [0000-0002-2767-9653], Shimizu, TT [0000-0002-2125-4670], Tacconi, LJ [0000-0002-1485-9401], Übler, H [0000-0003-4891-0794], Burkert, A [0000-0001-6879-9822], Davies, RI [0000-0003-4949-7217], Dekel, A [0000-0003-4174-0374], Herrera-Camus, R [0000-0002-2775-0595], Lee, LL [0000-0001-7457-4371], Liu, D [0000-0001-9773-7479], Lutz, D [0000-0003-0291-9582], Naab, T [0000-0002-7314-2558], Neri, R [0000-0002-7176-4046], Renzini, A [0000-0002-7093-7355], Saglia, R [0000-0003-0378-7032], Schuster, KF [0000-0003-2890-9454], Sternberg, A [0000-0001-5065-9530], Wisnioski, E [0000-0003-1657-7878], Wuyts, S [0000-0003-3735-1931], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Space and Planetary Science, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5109 Space Sciences, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, 51 Physical Sciences
Abstract

We analyze Ha or CO rotation curves (RCs) extending out to several galaxy effective radii for 100 massive, large, star-forming disk galaxies (SFGs) across the peak of cosmic galaxy star formation (z~0.6-2.5), more than doubling the previous sample presented by Genzel et al. (2020) and Price et al. (2021). The observations were taken with SINFONI and KMOS integral-field spectrographs at ESO-VLT, LUCI at LBT, NOEMA at IRAM, and ALMA. We fit the major axis kinematics with beam-convolved, forward models of turbulent rotating disks with bulges embedded in dark matter (DM) halos, including the effects of pressure support. The fraction of dark to total matter within the disk effective radius ($R_e ~ 5 kpc$), $f_DM (R_e)=V_{DM}^2 (R_e)/V_{circ}^2 (R_e)$, decreases with redshift: At z~1 (z~2) the median DM fraction is $0.38\pm 0.23$ ($0.27\pm 0.18$), and a third (half) of all galaxies are "maximal" disks with $f_{DM} (R_e)2.5 M_{\odot} yr^{-1} kpc^{-2}$) and galaxies with massive bulges ($M_{bulge}>10^{10} M_{\odot}$). A combination of stellar or active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback, and/or heating due to dynamical friction, either from satellite accretion or clump migration, may drive the DM from cuspy into cored mass distributions. The observations plausibly indicate an efficient build-up of massive bulges and central black holes at z~2 SFGs., Submitted to ApJ (34 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables)

Published
2023
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16. Impact of Correlated Noise on the Mass Precision of Earth-analog Planets in Radial Velocity Surveys

Author

Luhn, JK, Ford, EB, Guo, Z, Gilbertson, C, Newman, P, Plavchan, P, Burt, JA, Teske, J, Gupta, AF, Luhn, JK [0000-0002-4927-9925], Ford, EB [0000-0001-6545-639X], Guo, Z [0000-0002-0951-2171], Gilbertson, C [0000-0002-1743-3684], Newman, P [0000-0003-3848-3418], Plavchan, P [0000-0002-8864-1667], Burt, JA [0000-0002-0040-6815], Gupta, AF [0000-0002-5463-9980], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Luhn, Jacob K. [0000-0002-4927-9925], Ford, Eric B. [0000-0001-6545-639X], Guo, Zhao [0000-0002-0951-2171], Gilbertson, Christian [0000-0002-1743-3684], Newman, Patrick [0000-0003-3848-3418], Plavchan, Peter [0000-0002-8864-1667], Burt, Jennifer A. [0000-0002-0040-6815], and Gupta, Arvind F. [0000-0002-5463-9980]

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Space and Planetary Science, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 5109 Space Sciences, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 51 Physical Sciences, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Laboratory Astrophysics, Instrumentation, Software, and Data
Abstract

Characterizing the masses and orbits of near-Earth-mass planets is crucial for interpreting observations from future direct imaging missions (e.g., HabEx, LUVOIR). Therefore, the Exoplanet Science Strategy report (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2018) recommended further research so future extremely precise radial velocity surveys could contribute to the discovery and/or characterization of near-Earth-mass planets in the habitable zones of nearby stars prior to the launch of these future imaging missions. Newman et al. (2021) simulated such 10-year surveys under various telescope architectures, demonstrating they can precisely measure the masses of potentially habitable Earth-mass planets in the absence of stellar variability. Here, we investigate the effect of stellar variability on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the planet mass measurements in these simulations. We find that correlated noise due to active regions has the largest effect on the observed mass SNR, reducing the SNR by a factor of $\sim$5.5 relative to the no-variability scenario -- granulation reduces by a factor of $\sim$3, while p-mode oscillations has little impact on the proposed survey strategies. We show that in the presence of correlated noise, 5-cm s$^{-1}$ instrumental precision offers little improvement over 10-cm s$^{-1}$ precision, highlighting the need to mitigate astrophysical variability. With our noise models, extending the survey to 15 years doubles the number of Earth-analogs with mass SNR $>$ 10, and reaching this threshold for any Earth-analog orbiting a star $>$ 0.76 M$_{\odot}$ in a 10-year survey would require an increase in number of observations per star from that in Newman et al. (2021)., 30 pages, 9 figures, accepted in AJ

Published
2023
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17. On the Role of Dynamical Cooling in the Dynamics of Circumbinary Disks

Author

Wang, HY, Bai, XN, Lai, D, Wang, HY [0000-0001-7167-6110], Bai, XN [0000-0001-6906-9549], Lai, D [0000-0002-1934-6250], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences
Abstract

Hydrodynamical interactions between binaries and circumbinary disks (CBDs) play an important role in a variety of astrophysical systems, from young stellar binaries to supermassive black hole binaries. Previous simulations of CBDs have mostly employed locally isothermal equations of state. We carry out 2D viscous hydrodynamic simulations of CBDs around equal-mass, circular binaries, treating the gas thermodynamics by thermal relaxation toward equilibrium temperature (the constant-β cooling ansatz, where β is the cooling time in units of the local Keplerian time). As an initial study, we use the grid-based code Athena++ on a polar grid, covering an extended disk outside the binary co-orbital region. We find that with a longer cooling time, the accretion variability is gradually suppressed, and the morphology of the CBD becomes more symmetric. The disk also shows evidence of hysteresis behavior depending on the initial conditions. Gas cooling also affects the rate of angular momentum transfer between the binary and the CBD, where given our adopted disk thickness and viscosity (H/r ∼ 0.1 and α ∼ 0.1), the binary orbit expands while undergoing accretion for most β values between 0 and 4.0 except over a narrow range of intermediate β values. The validity of using a polar grid excising the central domain is also discussed.

Published
2023
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18. Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRISS

Author

Adina D. Feinstein, Michael Radica, Luis Welbanks, Catriona Anne Murray, Kazumasa Ohno, Louis-Philippe Coulombe, Néstor Espinoza, Jacob L. Bean, Johanna K. Teske, Björn Benneke, Michael R. Line, Zafar Rustamkulov, Arianna Saba, Angelos Tsiaras, Joanna K. Barstow, Jonathan J. Fortney, Peter Gao, Heather A. Knutson, Ryan J. MacDonald, Thomas Mikal-Evans, Benjamin V. Rackham, Jake Taylor, Vivien Parmentier, Natalie M. Batalha, Zachory K. Berta-Thompson, Aarynn L. Carter, Quentin Changeat, Leonardo A. dos Santos, Neale P. Gibson, Jayesh M. Goyal, Laura Kreidberg, Mercedes López-Morales, Joshua D. Lothringer, Yamila Miguel, Karan Molaverdikhani, Sarah E. Moran, Giuseppe Morello, Sagnick Mukherjee, David K. Sing, Kevin B. Stevenson, Hannah R. Wakeford, Eva-Maria Ahrer, Munazza K. Alam, Lili Alderson, Natalie H. Allen, Natasha E. Batalha, Taylor J. Bell, Jasmina Blecic, Jonathan Brande, Claudio Caceres, S. L. Casewell, Katy L. Chubb, Ian J. M. Crossfield, Nicolas Crouzet, Patricio E. Cubillos, Leen Decin, Jean-Michel Désert, Joseph Harrington, Kevin Heng, Thomas Henning, Nicolas Iro, Eliza M.-R. Kempton, Sarah Kendrew, James Kirk, Jessica Krick, Pierre-Olivier Lagage, Monika Lendl, Luigi Mancini, Megan Mansfield, E. M. May, N. J. Mayne, Nikolay K. Nikolov, Enric Palle, Dominique J. M. Petit dit de la Roche, Caroline Piaulet, Diana Powell, Seth Redfield, Laura K. Rogers, Michael T. Roman, Pierre-Alexis Roy, Matthew C. Nixon, Everett Schlawin, Xianyu Tan, P. Tremblin, Jake D. Turner, Olivia Venot, William C. Waalkes, Peter J. Wheatley, Xi Zhang, University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy, Feinstein, Adina D [0000-0002-9464-8101], Line, Michael R [0000-0001-6247-8323], Rustamkulov, Zafar [0000-0003-4408-0463], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Feinstein, Adina D. [0000-0002-9464-8101], and Line, Michael R. [0000-0001-6247-8323]

Subjects
Extraterrestrial Environment, 639/33/445/862, FOS: Physical sciences, 610 Medicine & health, 5109 Space Sciences, 140, QB Astronomy, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), QC, QB, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Multidisciplinary, Settore FIS/05, Spectrum Analysis, article, Water, 639/33/34/862, 3rd-DAS, Oxygen, QC Physics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, MCP, Potassium, 570 Life sciences, biology, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 51 Physical Sciences, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Transmission spectroscopy provides insight into the atmospheric properties and consequently the formation history, physics, and chemistry of transiting exoplanets. However, obtaining precise inferences of atmospheric properties from transmission spectra requires simultaneously measuring the strength and shape of multiple spectral absorption features from a wide range of chemical species. This has been challenging given the precision and wavelength coverage of previous observatories. Here, we present the transmission spectrum of the Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b obtained using the SOSS mode of the NIRISS instrument on the JWST. This spectrum spans $0.6 - 2.8 \mu$m in wavelength and reveals multiple water absorption bands, the potassium resonance doublet, as well as signatures of clouds. The precision and broad wavelength coverage of NIRISS-SOSS allows us to break model degeneracies between cloud properties and the atmospheric composition of WASP-39b, favoring a heavy element enhancement ("metallicity") of $\sim 10 - 30 \times$ the solar value, a sub-solar carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio, and a solar-to-super-solar potassium-to-oxygen (K/O) ratio. The observations are best explained by wavelength-dependent, non-gray clouds with inhomogeneous coverage of the planet's terminator., Comment: 48 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables. Under review at Nature

Published
2023

19. A Dynamical Systems Approach to the Theory of Circumbinary Orbits in the Circular Restricted Problem

Author

Langford, Andrew, Weiss, Lauren M, Langford, Andrew [0000-0001-5312-649X], Weiss, Lauren M [0000-0002-3725-3058], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Dynamical Systems (math.DS), 5109 Space Sciences, Nonlinear Sciences - Chaotic Dynamics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, FOS: Mathematics, Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD), Mathematics - Dynamical Systems, 51 Physical Sciences, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

To better understand the orbital dynamics of exoplanets around close binary stars, i.e., circumbinary planets (CBPs), we applied techniques from dynamical systems theory to a physically motivated set of solutions in the Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem (CR3BP). We applied Floquet theory to characterize the linear dynamical behavior -- static, oscillatory, or exponential -- surrounding planar circumbinary periodic trajectories (limit cycles). We computed prograde and retrograde limit cycles and analyzed their geometries, stability bifurcations, and dynamical structures. Orbit and stability calculations are exact computations in the CR3BP and reproducible through the open-source Python package pyraa. The periodic trajectories produce a set of non-crossing, dynamically cool circumbinary orbits conducive to planetesimal growth. For mass ratios $\mu \in [0.01, 0.50]$ we found recurring features in the prograde families. These features include: (1) an innermost near-circular trajectory, inside which solutions have resonant geometries, (2) an innermost stable trajectory ($a_{cr} \approx 1.61 - 1.85 \, a_\textrm{bin}$) characterized by a tangent bifurcating limit cycle, and (3) a region of dynamical instability ($a \approx 2.1 \ a_\textrm{bin}; \Delta a \approx 0.1 \ a_\textrm{bin}$), the exclusion zone, bounded by a pair of critically stable trajectories -- bifurcating limit cycles. The exterior boundary of the exclusion zone is consistent with prior determinations of $a_{cr}$ around a circular binary. We validate our analytic results with N-body simulations and apply them to the Pluto-Charon system. The absence of detected CBPs in the inner stable region, between the prograde exclusion zone and $a_{cr}$, suggests that the exclusion zone may inhibit the inward migration of CBPs., Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal. 31 pages, 17 figures, 4 tables, open-source results from numerical computations

Published
2023

20. The formation and aqueous alteration of CM2 chondrites and their relationship to CO3 chondrites: a fresh isotopic (O, Cd, Cr, Si, Te, Ti and Zn) perspective from the Winchcombe CM2 fall

Author

R. C. Greenwood, R. Findlay, R. Martins, R. C. J. Steele, K. M. M. Shaw, E. Morton, P. S. Savage, M. E. Murphy, M. Rehkämper, I. A. Franchi, T. Elliott, M. D. Suttle, A. J. King, M. Anand, J. Malley, K. T. Howard, X. Zhao, D. Johnson, M.‐C. Liu, K. A. McCain, N. R. Stephen, University of St Andrews. School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews. St Andrews Centre for Exoplanet Science, University of St Andrews. St Andrews Isotope Geochemistry, Greenwood, RC [0000-0002-5544-8027], Findlay, R [0000-0001-7794-1819], Martins, R [0000-0003-2453-5942], Steele, RCJ [0000-0003-1406-6855], Shaw, KMM [0000-0002-3847-9382], Morton, E [0000-0001-6208-2388], Savage, PS [0000-0001-8464-0264], Murphy, ME [0000-0003-0385-9526], Rehkämper, M [0000-0002-0075-9872], Franchi, IA [0000-0003-4151-0480], Elliott, T [0000-0002-0984-0191], Suttle, MD [0000-0001-7165-2215], King, AJ [0000-0001-6113-5417], Anand, M [0000-0003-4026-4476], Zhao, X [0000-0003-0268-8139], Johnson, D [0009-0005-7239-412X], Liu, MC [0000-0003-4030-5258], McCain, KA [0000-0002-0811-135X], Stephen, NR [0000-0003-3952-922X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, MCP, NDAS, 5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences
Abstract

STFC are acknowledged for supporting the “Curation and Preliminary Examination of the Winchcombe Carbonaceous Chondrite Fall” project (ST/V000799/1), and Natural History Museum staff for curatorial support. Oxygen isotope studies at the Open University are funded by a consolidated grant from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), UK GRANT NUMBER: ST/T000228/1 (IAF, RCG, JM, MA), and STFC studentship NUMBER: ST/S505614/1 (RF). As part of an integrated consortium study, we have undertaken O, Cd, Cr, Si, Te, Ti, and Zn whole rock isotopic measurements of the Winchcombe CM2 meteorite. δ66Zn values determined for two Winchcombe aliquots are +0.29 ± 0.05‰ (2SD) and +0.45 ± 0.05‰ (2SD). The difference between these analyses likely reflects sample heterogeneity. Zn isotope compositions for Winchcombe show excellent agreement with published CM2 data. δ114Cd for a single Winchcombe aliquot is +0.29 ± 0.04‰ (2SD), which is close to a previous result for Murchison. δ130Te values for three aliquots gave indistinguishable results, with a mean value of +0.62 ± 0.01‰ (2SD) and are essentially identical to published values for CM2s. ε53Cr and ε54Cr for Winchcombe are 0.319 ± 0.029 (2SE) and 0.775 ± 0.067 (2SE), respectively. Based on its Cr isotopic composition, Winchcombe plots close to other CM2 chondrites. ε50Ti and ε46Ti values for Winchcombe are 3.21 ± 0.09 (2SE) and 0.46 ± 0.08 (2SE), respectively, and are in line with recently published data for CM2s. The δ30Si composition of Winchcombe is −0.50 ± 0.06‰ (2SD, n = 11) and is essentially indistinguishable from measurements obtained on other CM2 chondrites. In conformity with petrographic observations, oxygen isotope analyses of both bulk and micromilled fractions from Winchcombe clearly demonstrate that its parent body experienced extensive aqueous alteration. The style of alteration exhibited by Winchcombe is consistent with relatively closed system processes. Analysis of different fractions within Winchcombe broadly support the view that, while different lithologies within an individual CM2 meteorite can be highly variable, each meteorite is characterized by a predominant alteration type. Mixing of different lithologies within a regolith environment to form cataclastic matrix is supported by oxygen isotope analysis of micromilled fractions from Winchcombe. Previously unpublished bulk oxygen isotope data for 12 CM2 chondrites, when combined with published data, define a well‐constrained regression line with a slope of 0.77. Winchcombe analyses define a more limited linear trend at the isotopically heavy, more aqueously altered, end of the slope 0.77 CM2 array. The CM2 slope 0.77 array intersects the oxygen isotope field of CO3 falls, indicating that the unaltered precursor material to the CMs was essentially identical in oxygen isotope composition to the CO3 falls. Our data are consistent with earlier suggestions that the main differences between the CO3s and CM2s reflect differing amounts of water ice that co‐accreted into their respective parent bodies, being high in the case of CM2s and low in the case of CO3s. The small difference in Si isotope compositions between the CM and CO meteorites can be explained by different proportions of matrix versus refractory silicates. CMs and COs may also be indistinguishable with respect to Ti and Cr isotopes; however, further analysis is required to test this possibility. The close relationship between CO3 and CM2 chondrites revealed by our data supports the emerging view that the snow line within protoplanetary disks marks an important zone of planetesimal accretion. Publisher PDF

Published
2023

21. Radio jet–ISM interaction and positive radio-mechanical feedback in Abell 1795

Author

Prathamesh D Tamhane, Brian R McNamara, Helen R Russell, Francoise Combes, Yu Qiu, Alastair C Edge, Roberto Maiolino, Andrew C Fabian, Paul E J Nulsen, R Johnstone, Stefano Carniani, Tamhane, Prathamesh D [0000-0001-8176-7665], Qiu, Yu [0000-0002-6164-8463], Fabian, Andrew C [0000-0002-9378-4072], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Space and Planetary Science, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5109 Space Sciences, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, 51 Physical Sciences
Abstract

We present XSHOOTER observations with previous ALMA, MUSE and $HST$ observations to study the nature of radio-jet triggered star formation and the interaction of radio jets with the interstellar medium in the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) in the Abell 1795 cluster. Using $HST$ UV data we determined an ongoing star formation rate of 9.3 M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$. The star formation follows the global Kennicutt-Schmidt law, however, it has a low efficiency compared to circumnuclear starbursts in nearby galaxies with an average depletion time of $\sim$1 Gyr. The star formation and molecular gas are offset by $\sim1$ kpc indicating that stars have decoupled from the gas. We detected an arc of high linewidth in ionized gas where electron densities are elevated by a factor of $\sim$4 suggesting a shock front driven by radio jets or peculiar motion of the BCG. An analysis of nebular emission line flux ratios suggests that the gas is predominantly ionized by star formation with a small contribution from shocks. We also calculated the velocity structure function (VSF) of the ionized and molecular gases using velocity maps to characterize turbulent motion in the gas. The ionized gas VSF suggests that the radio jets are driving supersonic turbulence in the gas. Thus radio jets can not only heat the atmosphere on large scales and may quench star formation on longer timescales while triggering star formation in positive feedback on short timescales of a few million years., Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 22 pages, 13 figures 1 table

Published
2023

22. Accurate dust temperature and star formation rate in the most luminous z>6 quasar in the HYPerluminous quasars at the Epoch of ReionizatION (HYPERION) sample

Author

Maiolino, Roberto, Tripodi, R [0000-0002-9909-3491], Feruglio, C [0000-0002-4227-6035], Kemper, F [0000-0003-2743-8240], Civano, F [0000-0002-2115-1137], Costa, T [0000-0002-6748-2900], Elvis, M [0000-0001-5060-1398], Bischetti, M [0000-0002-4314-021X], Carniani, S [0000-0002-6719-380X], D’Odorico, V [0000-0003-3693-3091], Fiore, F [0000-0002-4031-4157], Gallerani, S [0000-0002-7200-8293], Ginolfi, M [0000-0002-9122-1700], Maiolino, R [0000-0002-4985-3819], Piconcelli, E [0000-0001-9095-2782], Valiante, R [0000-0003-3050-1765], Zappacosta, L [0000-0002-4205-6884], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences
Abstract

We present ALMA Band 9 continuum observation of the ultraluminous quasi-stellar object (QSO) SDSS J0100+2802, providing a ∼ 10σ detection at ∼ 670 GHz. SDSS J0100+2802 is the brightest QSO with the most massive super massive black hole (SMBH) known at z > 6, and we study its dust spectral energy distribution in order to determine the dust properties and the star formation rate (SFR) of its host-galaxy. We obtain the most accurate estimate so far of the temperature, mass and emissivity index of the dust, having Tdust = 48.4 ± 2.3 K, Mdust = (2.29 ± 0.83) × 107 M , β = 2.63 ± 0.23. This allows us to measure the SFR with the smallest statistical error for this QSO, SFR= 265 ± 32 M yr−1. Our results enable us to evaluate the relative growth of the SMBH and host galaxy of J0100+2802, finding that the SMBH is dominating the process of BH-galaxy growth in this QSO at z = 6.327, when the Universe was 865 Myr old. Such unprecedented constraints on the host galaxy SFR and dust temperature can only be obtained through high frequency observations, and highlight the importance of ALMA Band 9 to obtain a robust overview of the build-up of the first quasars’ host galaxies at z > 6.

Published
2023

23. Measuring the Dust Masses of Protoplanetary Disks in Lupus with ALMA: Evidence That Disks Can Be Optically Thick at 3 mm

Author

Z. Xin, C. C. Espaillat, A. M. Rilinger, Á. Ribas, E. Macías, Xin, Z [0000-0001-6060-2730], Espaillat, CC [0000-0001-9227-5949], Rilinger, AM [0000-0002-3091-8061], Ribas, Á [0000-0003-3133-3580], Macías, E [0000-0003-1283-6262], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Accurate disk mass measurements are necessary to constrain disk evolution and the timescale of planet formation, but such measurements are difficult to make and are very dependent on assumptions. Here we look at the assumption that the disk is optically thin at radio wavelengths and the effect of this assumption on measurements of disk dust mass. We model the optical to radio spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of 41 protoplanetary disks located in the young (~1-3 Myr old) Lupus star-forming region, including 0.89 mm, 1.33 mm, and 3 mm flux densities when available. We measure disk dust masses that are ~1.5-6 times higher than when using the commonly adopted disk dust mass equation under the assumption of optically thin emission in the (sub-)millimeter. The cause of this discrepancy is that most disks are optically thick at millimeter wavelengths, even up to 3 mm, demonstrating that observations at longer wavelengths are needed to trace the fully optically thin emission of disks., Comment: accepted to ApJ

Published
2023

24. Mid-to-late M Dwarfs Lack Jupiter Analogs

Author

Pass, Emily K, Winters, Jennifer G, Charbonneau, David, Irwin, Jonathan M, Latham, David W, Berlind, Perry, Calkins, Michael L, Esquerdo, Gilbert A, Mink, Jessica, Pass, EK [0000-0002-1533-9029], Winters, JG [0000-0001-6031-9513], Charbonneau, D [0000-0002-9003-484X], Latham, DW [0000-0001-9911-7388], Calkins, ML [0000-0002-2830-5661], Esquerdo, GA [0000-0002-9789-5474], Mink, J [0000-0003-3594-1823], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, FOS: Physical sciences, 5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Cold Jovian planets play an important role in sculpting the dynamical environment in which inner terrestrial planets form. The core accretion model predicts that giant planets cannot form around low-mass M dwarfs, although this idea has been challenged by recent planet discoveries. Here, we investigate the occurrence rate of giant planets around low-mass (0.1-0.3M$_\odot$) M dwarfs. We monitor a volume-complete, inactive sample of 200 such stars located within 15 parsecs, collecting four high-resolution spectra of each M dwarf over six years and performing intensive follow-up monitoring of two candidate radial-velocity variables. We use TRES on the 1.5 m telescope at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory and CHIRON on the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory 1.5 m telescope for our primary campaign, and MAROON-X on Gemini North for high-precision follow-up. We place a 95%-confidence upper limit of 1.5% (68%-confidence limit of 0.57%) on the occurrence of $M_{\rm P}$sin$i > $1M$_{\rm J}$ giant planets out to the water snow line and provide additional constraints on the giant planet population as a function of $M_{\rm P}$sin$i$ and period. Beyond the snow line ($100$ K $< T_{\rm eq} < 150$ K), we place 95%-confidence upper limits of 1.5%, 1.7%, and 4.4% (68%-confidence limits of 0.58%, 0.66%, and 1.7%) for 3M$_{\rm J} < M_{\rm P}$sin$i < 10$M$_{\rm J}$, 0.8M$_{\rm J} < M_{\rm P}$sin$i < 3$M$_{\rm J}$, and 0.3M$_{\rm J} < M_{\rm P}$sin$i < 0.8$M$_{\rm J}$ giant planets; i.e., Jupiter analogs are rare around low-mass M dwarfs. In contrast, surveys of Sun-like stars have found that their giant planets are most common at these Jupiter-like instellations., Accepted for publication in AJ; 19 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables

Published
2023

25. Hubble Space Telescope Transmission Spectroscopy for the Temperate Sub-Neptune TOI-270 d: A Possible Hydrogen-rich Atmosphere Containing Water Vapor

Author

Thomas Mikal-Evans, Nikku Madhusudhan, Jason Dittmann, Maximilian N. Günther, Luis Welbanks, Vincent Van Eylen, Ian J. M. Crossfield, Tansu Daylan, Laura Kreidberg, Mikal-Evans, T [0000-0001-5442-1300], Madhusudhan, N [0000-0002-4869-000X], Günther, MN [0000-0002-3164-9086], Welbanks, L [0000-0003-0156-4564], Daylan, T [0000-0002-6939-9211], Kreidberg, L [0000-0003-0514-1147], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Space and Planetary Science, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

TOI-270d is a temperate sub-Neptune discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) around a bright (J=9.1mag) M3V host star. With an approximate radius of 2RE and equilibrium temperature of 350K, TOI-270d is one of the most promising small exoplanets for atmospheric characterisation using transit spectroscopy. Here we present a primary transit observation of TOI-270d made with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) spectrograph across the 1.126-1.644 micron wavelength range, and a 95% credible upper limit of $8.2 \times 10^{-14}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ A$^{-1}$ arcsec$^{-2}$ for the stellar Ly-alpha emission obtained using the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS). The transmission spectrum derived from the TESS and WFC3 data provides evidence for molecular absorption by a hydrogen-rich atmosphere at 4-sigma significance relative to a featureless spectrum. The strongest evidence for any individual absorber is obtained for H2O, which is favoured at 3-sigma significance. When retrieving on the WFC3 data alone and allowing for the possibility of a heterogeneous stellar brightness profile, the detection significance of H2O is reduced to 2.8-sigma. Further observations are therefore required to robustly determine the atmospheric composition of TOI-270d and assess the impact of stellar heterogeneity. If confirmed, our findings would make TOI-270d one of the smallest and coolest exoplanets to date with detected atmospheric spectral features., Comment: Accepted for publication in AAS journals on November 22, 2022 (received July 5, 2022; revised October 30, 2022)

Published
2023

26. TOI-4010: A System of Three Large Short-Period Planets With a Massive Long-Period Companion

Author

Kunimoto, Michelle, Vanderburg, Andrew, Huang, Chelsea X., Davis, M. Ryleigh, Affer, Laura, Cameron, Andrew Collier, Charbonneau, David, Cosentino, Rosario, Damasso, Mario, Dumusque, Xavier, Fiorenzano, A. F. Martnez, Ghedina, Adriano, Haywood, R. D., Lienhard, Florian, López-Morales, Mercedes, Mayor, Michel, Pepe, Francesco, Pinamonti, Matteo, Poretti, Ennio, Maldonado, Jesús, Rice, Ken, Sozzetti, Alessandro, Wilson, Thomas G., Udry, Stéphane, Baptista, Jay, Barkaoui, Khalid, Becker, Juliette, Benni, Paul, Bieryla, Allyson, Bosch-Cabot, Pau, Ciardi, David R., Collins, Karen A., Collins, Kevin I., Evans, Elise, Dupuy, Trent J., Goliguzova, Maria V., Guerra, Pere, Kraus, Adam, Lissauer, Jack J., Huber, Daniel, Murgas, Felipe, Palle, Enric, Quinn, Samuel N., Safonov, Boris S., Schwarz, Richard P., Shporer, Avi, Stassun, Keivan G., Jenkins, Jon M., Latham, David W., Ricker, George R., Seager, Sara, Vanderspek, Roland, Winn, Joshua, Essack, Zahra, Lewis, Hannah M., Rose, Mark E., Kunimoto, M [0000-0001-9269-8060], Vanderburg, A [0000-0001-7246-5438], Huang, CX [0000-0003-0918-7484], Davis, MR [0000-0002-7451-4704], Affer, L [0000-0001-5600-3778], Cameron, AC [0000-0002-8863-7828], Charbonneau, D [0000-0002-9003-484X], Cosentino, R [0000-0003-1784-1431], Damasso, M [0000-0001-9984-4278], Dumusque, X [0000-0002-9332-2011], Fiorenzano, AFM [0000-0002-4272-4272], Ghedina, A [0000-0003-4702-5152], Haywood, RD [0000-0001-9140-3574], Lienhard, F [0000-0003-4047-0771], López-Morales, M [0000-0003-3204-8183], Mayor, M [0000-0002-9352-5935], Pepe, F [0000-0002-9815-773X], Pinamonti, M [0000-0002-4445-1845], Poretti, E [0000-0003-1200-0473], Maldonado, J [0000-0002-2218-5689], Rice, K [0000-0002-6379-9185], Sozzetti, A [0000-0002-7504-365X], Wilson, TG [0000-0001-8749-1962], Udry, S [0000-0001-7576-6236], Baptista, J [0000-0002-9306-1704], Barkaoui, K [0000-0003-1464-9276], Becker, J [0000-0002-7733-4522], Benni, P [0000-0001-6981-8722], Bieryla, A [0000-0001-6637-5401], Bosch-Cabot, P [0000-0002-1514-5558], Ciardi, DR [0000-0002-5741-3047], Collins, KA [0000-0001-6588-9574], Collins, KI [0000-0003-2781-3207], Dupuy, TJ [0000-0001-9823-1445], Goliguzova, MV [0000-0003-2228-7914], Guerra, P [0000-0002-4308-2339], Kraus, A [0000-0001-9811-568X], Lissauer, JJ [0000-0001-6513-1659], Huber, D [0000-0001-8832-4488], Murgas, F [0000-0001-9087-1245], Palle, E [0000-0003-0987-1593], Quinn, SN [0000-0002-8964-8377], Safonov, BS [0000-0003-1713-3208], Schwarz, RP [0000-0001-8227-1020], Shporer, A [0000-0002-1836-3120], Stassun, KG [0000-0002-3481-9052], Jenkins, JM [0000-0002-4715-9460], Latham, DW [0000-0001-9911-7388], Ricker, GR [0000-0003-2058-6662], Seager, S [0000-0002-6892-6948], Vanderspek, R [0000-0001-6763-6562], Winn, J [0000-0002-4265-047X], Essack, Z [0000-0002-2482-0180], Lewis, HM [0000-0002-7871-085X], Rose, ME [0000-0003-4724-745X], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Science & Technology Facilities Council, University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy, and University of St Andrews. St Andrews Centre for Exoplanet Science

Subjects
MCC, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Exoplanets, Exoplanet dynamics, FOS: Physical sciences, DAS, 5109 Space Sciences, Hot Neptunes, QB Astronomy, Transit photometry, Exoplanet systems, 51 Physical Sciences, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, QB
Abstract

We report the confirmation of three exoplanets transiting TOI-4010 (TIC-352682207), a metal-rich K dwarf observed by TESS in Sectors 24, 25, 52, and 58. We confirm these planets with HARPS-N radial velocity observations and measure their masses with 8 - 12% precision. TOI-4010 b is a sub-Neptune ($P = 1.3$ days, $R_{p} = 3.02_{-0.08}^{+0.08}~R_{\oplus}$, $M_{p} = 11.00_{-1.27}^{+1.29}~M_{\oplus}$) in the hot Neptune desert, and is one of the few such planets with known companions. Meanwhile, TOI-4010 c ($P = 5.4$ days, $R_{p} = 5.93_{-0.12}^{+0.11}~R_{\oplus}$, $M_{p} = 20.31_{-2.11}^{+2.13}~M_{\oplus}$) and TOI-4010 d ($P = 14.7$ days, $R_{p} = 6.18_{-0.14}^{+0.15}~R_{\oplus}$, $M_{p} = 38.15_{-3.22}^{+3.27}~M_{\oplus}$) are similarly-sized sub-Saturns on short-period orbits. Radial velocity observations also reveal a super-Jupiter-mass companion called TOI-4010 e in a long-period, eccentric orbit ($P \sim 762$ days and $e \sim 0.26$ based on available observations). TOI-4010 is one of the few systems with multiple short-period sub-Saturns to be discovered so far., Comment: 26 pages, 16 figures, published in AJ; (v3) added missing citation

Published
2023
Full Text
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27. Identification and properties of intense star-forming galaxies at redshifts z > 10

Author

Robertson, BE, Tacchella, S, Johnson, BD, Hainline, K, Whitler, L, Eisenstein, DJ, Endsley, R, Rieke, M, Stark, DP, Alberts, S, Dressler, A, Egami, E, Hausen, R, Rieke, G, Shivaei, I, Williams, CC, Willmer, CNA, Arribas, S, Bonaventura, N, Bunker, A, Cameron, AJ, Carniani, S, Charlot, S, Chevallard, J, Curti, M, Curtis-Lake, E, D’Eugenio, F, Jakobsen, P, Looser, TJ, Lützgendorf, N, Maiolino, R, Maseda, MV, Rawle, T, Rix, HW, Smit, R, Übler, H, Willott, C, Witstok, J, Baum, S, Bhatawdekar, R, Boyett, K, Chen, Z, De Graaff, A, Florian, M, Helton, JM, Hviding, RE, Ji, Z, Kumari, N, Lyu, J, Nelson, E, Sandles, L, Saxena, A, Suess, KA, Sun, F, Topping, M, Wallace, IEB, Robertson, BE [0000-0002-4271-0364], Tacchella, S [0000-0002-8224-4505], Johnson, BD [0000-0002-9280-7594], Whitler, L [0000-0003-1432-7744], Eisenstein, DJ [0000-0002-2929-3121], Egami, E [0000-0003-1344-9475], Hausen, R [0000-0002-8543-761X], Williams, CC [0000-0003-2919-7495], Willmer, CNA [0000-0001-9262-9997], Arribas, S [0000-0001-7997-1640], Bunker, A [0000-0002-8651-9879], Cameron, AJ [0000-0002-0450-7306], Carniani, S [0000-0002-6719-380X], Charlot, S [0000-0003-3458-2275], Curti, M [0000-0002-2678-2560], Curtis-Lake, E [0000-0002-9551-0534], D’Eugenio, F [0000-0003-2388-8172], Jakobsen, P [0000-0002-6780-2441], Looser, TJ [0000-0002-3642-2446], Lützgendorf, N [0000-0002-4034-0080], Maseda, MV [0000-0003-0695-4414], Rawle, T [0000-0002-7028-5588], Rix, HW [0000-0003-4996-9069], Smit, R [0000-0001-8034-7802], Übler, H [0000-0003-4891-0794], Willott, C [0000-0002-4201-7367], Witstok, J [0000-0002-7595-121X], Bhatawdekar, R [0000-0003-0883-2226], Boyett, K [0000-0003-4109-304X], Chen, Z [0000-0002-2178-5471], de Graaff, A [0000-0002-2380-9801], Hviding, RE [0000-0002-4684-9005], Kumari, N [0000-0002-5320-2568], Lyu, J [0000-0002-6221-1829], Nelson, E [0000-0002-7524-374X], Sandles, L [0000-0001-9276-7062], Saxena, A [0000-0001-5333-9970], Suess, KA [0000-0002-1714-1905], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
5101 Astronomical Sciences, 5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences
Abstract

Surveys with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have discovered candidate galaxies in the first 400 Myr of cosmic time. Preliminary indications have suggested these candidate galaxies may be more massive and abundant than previously thought. However, without confirmed distances, their inferred properties remain uncertain. Here we identify four galaxies located in the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey Near-Infrared Camera imaging with photometric redshifts z of roughly 10–13. These galaxies include the first redshift z > 12 systems discovered with distances spectroscopically confirmed by JWST in a companion paper. Using stellar population modelling, we find the galaxies typically contain 100 million solar masses in stars, in stellar populations that are less than 100 million years old. The moderate star-formation rates and compact sizes suggest elevated star-formation rate surface densities, a key indicator of their formation pathways. Taken together, these measurements show that the first galaxies contributing to cosmic reionization formed rapidly and with intense internal radiation fields.

Published
2023

28. Independent Validation of the Temperate Super-Earth HD 79211 b using HARPS-N

Author

Victoria DiTomasso, Chantanelle Nava, Mercedes López-Morales, Allyson Bieryla, Ryan Cloutier, Luca Malavolta, Annelies Mortier, Lars A. Buchhave, Keivan G. Stassun, Alessandro Sozzetti, Aldo Stefano Bonomo, David Charbonneau, Andrew Collier Cameron, Rosario Cosentino, Mario Damasso, Xavier Dumusque, A. F. Martínez Fiorenzano, Adriano Ghedina, Avet Harutyunyan, R. D. Haywood, David Latham, Emilio Molinari, Francesco A. Pepe, Matteo Pinamonti, Ennio Poretti, Ken Rice, Dimitar Sasselov, Manu Stalport, Stéphane Udry, Christopher Watson, Thomas G. Wilson, DiTomasso, Victoria [0000-0003-0741-7661], Nava, Chantanelle [0000-0001-8838-3883], López-Morales, Mercedes [0000-0003-3204-8183], Bieryla, Allyson [0000-0001-6637-5401], Cloutier, Ryan [0000-0001-5383-9393], Malavolta, Luca [0000-0002-6492-2085], Mortier, Annelies [0000-0001-7254-4363], Buchhave, Lars A [0000-0003-1605-5666], Stassun, Keivan G [0000-0002-3481-9052], Sozzetti, Alessandro [0000-0002-7504-365X], Bonomo, Aldo Stefano [0000-0002-6177-198X], Charbonneau, David [0000-0002-9003-484X], Collier Cameron, Andrew [0000-0002-8863-7828], Cosentino, Rosario [0000-0003-1784-1431], Damasso, Mario [0000-0001-9984-4278], Dumusque, Xavier [0000-0002-9332-2011], Martínez Fiorenzano, AF [0000-0002-4272-4272], Ghedina, Adriano [0000-0003-4702-5152], Haywood, RD [0000-0001-9140-3574], Latham, David [0000-0001-9911-7388], Molinari, Emilio [0000-0002-1742-7735], Pinamonti, Matteo [0000-0002-4445-1845], Poretti, Ennio [0000-0003-1200-0473], Rice, Ken [0000-0002-6379-9185], Sasselov, Dimitar [0000-0001-7014-1771], Stalport, Manu [0000-0003-0996-6402], Udry, Stéphane [0000-0001-7576-6236], Watson, Christopher [0000-0002-9718-3266], Wilson, Thomas G [0000-0001-8749-1962], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Science & Technology Facilities Council, University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy, and University of St Andrews. St Andrews Centre for Exoplanet Science

Subjects
MCC, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Radial velocity, The Solar System, Exoplanets, and Astrobiology, Exoplanets, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 3rd-DAS, 5109 Space Sciences, Astrobiology, M dwarf stars, Binary stars, QC Physics, Rare Diseases, Space and Planetary Science, astro-ph.EP, QB Astronomy, Exoplanet detection methods, Solar System, 51 Physical Sciences, QC, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, QB
Abstract

We present high-precision radial velocities (RVs) from the HARPS-N spectrograph for HD79210 and HD79211, two M0V members of a gravitationally-bound binary system. We detect a planet candidate with a period of $24.421^{+0.016}_{-0.017}$ days around HD79211 in these HARPS-N RVs, validating the planet candidate originally identified in CARMENES RV data alone. Using HARPS-N, CARMENES and HIRES RVs spanning a total of 25 years, we further refine the planet candidate parameters to $P=24.422\pm0.014$ days, $K=3.19\pm0.27$ m/s, $M$ sin $i = 10.6 \pm 1.2 M_\oplus$, and $a = 0.142 \pm0.005$ au. We do not find any additional planet candidate signals in the data of HD79211 nor do we find any planet candidate signals in HD79210. This system adds to the number of exoplanets detected in binaries with M dwarf members, and serves as a case study for planet formation in stellar binaries., Comment: Accepted for publication in AJ, 29 pages, 17 figures

Published
2023

29. Dusty Starbursts Masquerading as Ultra-high Redshift Galaxies in JWST CEERS Observations

Author

Zavala, JA, Buat, V, Casey, CM, Finkelstein, SL, Burgarella, D, Bagley, MB, Ciesla, L, Daddi, E, Dickinson, M, Ferguson, HC, Franco, M, Jiménez-Andrade, EF, Kartaltepe, JS, Koekemoer, AM, Bail, AL, Murphy, EJ, Papovich, C, Tacchella, S, Wilkins, SM, Aretxaga, I, Behroozi, P, Champagne, JB, Fontana, A, Giavalisco, M, Grazian, A, Grogin, NA, Kewley, LJ, Kocevski, DD, Kirkpatrick, A, Lotz, JM, Pentericci, L, Pérez-González, PG, Pirzkal, N, Ravindranath, S, Somerville, RS, Trump, Yang, G, Aaron Yung, LY, Almaini, O, Amorín, RO, Annunziatella, M, Haro, PA, Backhaus, BE, Barro, G, Bell, EF, Bhatawdekar, R, Bisigello, L, Buitrago, F, Calabrò, A, Castellano, M, Chávez Ortiz, ÓA, Chworowsky, K, Cleri, NJ, Cohen, SH, Cole, JW, Cooke, KC, Cooper, MC, Cooray, AR, Costantin, L, Cox, IG, Croton, D, Davé, R, Vega, ADL, Dekel, A, Elbaz, D, Estrada-Carpenter, V, Fernández, V, Finkelstein, KD, Freundlich, J, Fujimoto, S, García-Argumánez, Á, Gardner, JP, Gawiser, E, Gómez-Guijarro, C, Guo, Y, Hamilton, TS, Hathi, NP, Holwerda, BW, Hirschmann, M, Huertas-Company, M, Hutchison, TA, Iyer, KG, Jaskot, AE, Jha, SW, Jogee, S, Juneau, S, Jung, I, Kassin, SA, Kurczynski, P, Larson, RL, Leung, GCK, Long, AS, Lucas, RA, Magnelli, B, Mantha, KB, Matharu, J, McGrath, EJ, McIntosh, DH, Medrano, A, Merlin, E, Zavala, JA [0000-0002-7051-1100], Buat, V [0000-0003-3441-903X], Casey, CM [0000-0002-0930-6466], Finkelstein, SL [0000-0001-8519-1130], Burgarella, D [0000-0002-4193-2539], Bagley, MB [0000-0002-9921-9218], Ciesla, L [0000-0003-0541-2891], Daddi, E [0000-0002-3331-9590], Dickinson, M [0000-0001-5414-5131], Ferguson, HC [0000-0001-7113-2738], Franco, M [0000-0002-3560-8599], Jiménez-Andrade, EF [0000-0002-2640-5917], Kartaltepe, JS [0000-0001-9187-3605], Koekemoer, AM [0000-0002-6610-2048], Bail, AL [0000-0002-9466-2763], Murphy, EJ [0000-0001-7089-7325], Papovich, C [0000-0001-7503-8482], Tacchella, S [0000-0002-8224-4505], Wilkins, SM [0000-0003-3903-6935], Aretxaga, I [0000-0002-6590-3994], Behroozi, P [0000-0002-2517-6446], Champagne, JB [0000-0002-6184-9097], Fontana, A [0000-0003-3820-2823], Giavalisco, M [0000-0002-7831-8751], Grazian, A [0000-0002-5688-0663], Grogin, NA [0000-0001-9440-8872], Kewley, LJ [0000-0001-8152-3943], Kocevski, DD [0000-0002-8360-3880], Kirkpatrick, A [0000-0002-5537-8110], Lotz, JM [0000-0003-3130-5643], Pentericci, L [0000-0001-8940-6768], Pérez-González, PG [0000-0003-4528-5639], Pirzkal, N [0000-0003-3382-5941], Ravindranath, S [0000-0002-5269-6527], Somerville, RS [0000-0002-6748-6821], Trump, JR [0000-0002-1410-0470], Yang, G [0000-0001-8835-7722], Aaron Yung, LY [0000-0003-3466-035X], Almaini, O [0000-0001-9328-3991], Amorín, RO [0000-0001-5758-1000], Annunziatella, M [0000-0002-8053-8040], Haro, PA [0000-0002-7959-8783], Backhaus, BE [0000-0001-8534-7502], Barro, G [0000-0001-6813-875X], Bell, EF [0000-0002-5564-9873], Bhatawdekar, R [0000-0003-0883-2226], Bisigello, L [0000-0003-0492-4924], Buitrago, F [0000-0002-2861-9812], Calabrò, A [0000-0003-2536-1614], Castellano, M [0000-0001-9875-8263], Chávez Ortiz, ÓA [0000-0003-2332-5505], Chworowsky, K [0000-0003-4922-0613], Cleri, NJ [0000-0001-7151-009X], Cohen, SH [0000-0003-3329-1337], Cole, JW [0000-0002-6348-1900], Cooke, KC [0000-0002-2200-9845], Cooper, MC [0000-0003-1371-6019], Cooray, AR [0000-0002-3892-0190], Costantin, L [0000-0001-6820-0015], Cox, IG [0000-0002-1803-794X], Croton, D [0000-0002-5009-512X], Davé, R [0000-0003-2842-9434], Vega, ADL [0000-0002-6219-5558], Dekel, A [0000-0003-4174-0374], Elbaz, D [0000-0002-7631-647X], Estrada-Carpenter, V [0000-0001-8489-2349], Fernández, V [0000-0003-0531-5450], Finkelstein, KD [0000-0003-0792-5877], Freundlich, J [0000-0002-5245-7796], Fujimoto, S [0000-0001-7201-5066], García-Argumánez, Á [0000-0002-8365-5525], Gardner, JP [0000-0003-2098-9568], Gawiser, E [0000-0003-1530-8713], Gómez-Guijarro, C [0000-0002-4085-9165], Guo, Y [0000-0002-4162-6523], Hamilton, TS [0000-0002-9753-1769], Hathi, NP [0000-0001-6145-5090], Holwerda, BW [0000-0002-4884-6756], Hirschmann, M [0000-0002-3301-3321], Huertas-Company, M [0000-0002-1416-8483], Hutchison, TA [0000-0001-6251-4988], Iyer, KG [0000-0001-9298-3523], Jaskot, AE [0000-0002-6790-5125], Jha, SW [0000-0001-8738-6011], Jogee, S [0000-0002-1590-0568], Juneau, S [0000-0002-0000-2394], Jung, I [0000-0003-1187-4240], Kassin, SA [0000-0002-3838-8093], Kurczynski, P [0000-0002-8816-5146], Larson, RL [0000-0003-2366-8858], Leung, GCK [0000-0002-9393-6507], Long, AS [0000-0002-7530-8857], Lucas, RA [0000-0003-1581-7825], Magnelli, B [0000-0002-6777-6490], Matharu, J [0000-0002-7547-3385], McGrath, EJ [0000-0001-8688-2443], Merlin, E [0000-0001-6870-8900], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
5101 Astronomical Sciences, 5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences, Galaxies and Cosmology
Abstract

Lyman-break galaxy (LBG) candidates at z ≳ 10 are rapidly being identified in James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam observations. Due to the (redshifted) break produced by neutral hydrogen absorption of rest-frame UV photons, these sources are expected to drop out in the bluer filters while being well detected in redder filters. However, here we show that dust-enshrouded star-forming galaxies at lower redshifts (z ≲ 7) may also mimic the near-infrared (near-IR) colors of z > 10 LBGs, representing potential contaminants in LBG candidate samples. First, we analyze CEERS-DSFG-1, a NIRCam dropout undetected in the F115W and F150W filters but detected at longer wavelengths. Combining the JWST data with (sub)millimeter constraints, including deep NOEMA interferometric observations, we show that this source is a dusty star-forming galaxy (DSFG) at z ≈ 5.1. We also present a tentative 2.6σ SCUBA-2 detection at 850 μm around a recently identified z ≈ 16 LBG candidate in the same field and show that, if the emission is real and associated with this candidate, the available photometry is consistent with a z ∼ 5 dusty galaxy with strong nebular emission lines despite its blue near-IR colors. Further observations on this candidate are imperative to mitigate the low confidence of this tentative submillimeter emission and its positional uncertainty. Our analysis shows that robust (sub)millimeter detections of NIRCam dropout galaxies likely imply z ∼ 4–6 redshift solutions, where the observed near-IR break would be the result of a strong rest-frame optical Balmer break combined with high dust attenuation and strong nebular line emission, rather than the rest-frame UV Lyman break. This provides evidence that DSFGs may contaminate searches for ultra-high redshift LBG candidates from JWST observations.

Published
2023

30. Early Insights for Atmospheric Retrievals of Exoplanets using JWST Transit Spectroscopy

Author

Savvas Constantinou, Nikku Madhusudhan, Siddharth Gandhi, Constantinou, S [0000-0001-6839-4569], Madhusudhan, N [0000-0002-4869-000X], Gandhi, S [0000-0001-9552-3709], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), The Solar System, Exoplanets, and Astrobiology, Space and Planetary Science, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We have entered the era of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We use the first JWST transmission spectrum of the hot Saturn-mass exoplanet, WASP-39 b, obtained with the NIRSpec instrument in the 3-5 $\mu$m range to investigate (a) what atmospheric constraints are possible with JWST-quality data in this spectral range, (b) requirements for atmospheric models used in retrievals, (c) effect of differences between data reduction pipelines on retrieved atmospheric properties, and (d) complementarity between JWST data in the 3-5 $\mu$m range and HST observations at shorter wavelengths. JWST spectra in the 3-5 $\mu$m range provide a promising avenue for chemical detections while encompassing a window in cloud opacity for several prominent aerosols. We confirm recent inferences of CO$_2$, SO$_2$, H$_2$O, and CO in WASP-39 b, report tentative evidence for H$_2$S, and retrieve elemental abundances consistent with Saturn's metallicity. We retrieve molecular abundances with $\sim$0.3-0.6 dex precision with this relatively limited spectral range. When considering the 3-5 $\mu$m data alone, reported differences in spectra with different reduction pipelines can affect abundance estimates by up to $\sim$1 dex and the detectability of less prominent species. Complementing with data at shorter wavelengths, e.g. with other JWST instruments or HST WFC3 ($\sim$0.8-1.7 $\mu$m), can significantly improve the accuracy and precision of the abundance estimates. The high data quality enables constraints on aerosol properties, including their composition, modal size and extent, motivating their consideration in retrievals. Our results highlight the promise of JWST exoplanet spectroscopy, while underscoring the importance of robust data reduction and atmospheric retrieval approaches in the JWST era., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters

Published
2023
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31. TOI-3235 b: A Transiting Giant Planet around an M4 Dwarf Star

Author

Hobson, MJ, Jordán, A, Bryant, EM, Brahm, R, Bayliss, D, Hartman, JD, Bakos, GI, Henning, T, Almenara, JM, Barkaoui, K, Benkhaldoun, Z, Bonfils, X, Bouchy, F, Charbonneau, D, Cointepas, M, Collins, KA, Eastman, JD, Ghachoui, M, Gillon, M, Goeke, RF, Horne, K, Irwin, JM, Jehin, E, Jenkins, JM, Latham, DW, Moldovan, D, Murgas, F, Pozuelos, FJ, Ricker, GR, Schwarz, RP, Seager, S, Srdoc, G, Striegel, S, Timmermans, M, Vanderburg, A, Vanderspek, R, Winn, JN, Hobson, MJ [0000-0002-5945-7975], Jordán, A [0000-0002-5389-3944], Bryant, EM [0000-0001-7904-4441], Brahm, R [0000-0002-9158-7315], Bayliss, D [0000-0001-6023-1335], Hartman, JD [0000-0001-8732-6166], Bakos, GI [0000-0001-7204-6727], Henning, T [0000-0002-1493-300X], Almenara, JM [0000-0003-3208-9815], Barkaoui, K [0000-0003-1464-9276], Benkhaldoun, Z [0000-0001-6285-9847], Bonfils, X [0000-0001-9003-8894], Bouchy, F [0000-0002-7613-393X], Charbonneau, D [0000-0002-9003-484X], Collins, KA [0000-0001-6588-9574], Eastman, JD [0000-0003-3773-5142], Ghachoui, M [0000-0003-3986-0297], Gillon, M [0000-0003-1462-7739], Horne, K [0000-0003-1728-0304], Jehin, E [0000-0001-8923-488X], Jenkins, JM [0000-0002-4715-9460], Latham, DW [0000-0001-9911-7388], Murgas, F [0000-0001-9087-1245], Pozuelos, FJ [0000-0003-1572-7707], Ricker, GR [0000-0003-2058-6662], Schwarz, RP [0000-0001-8227-1020], Seager, S [0000-0002-6892-6948], Vanderburg, A [0000-0001-7246-5438], Vanderspek, R [0000-0001-6763-6562], Winn, JN [0000-0002-4265-047X], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy, and University of St Andrews. St Andrews Centre for Exoplanet Science

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Space and Planetary Science, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, MCP, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 3rd-DAS, 5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the discovery of TOI-3235 b, a short-period Jupiter orbiting an M-dwarf with a stellar mass close to the critical mass at which stars transition from partially to fully convective. TOI-3235 b was first identified as a candidate from TESS photometry, and confirmed with radial velocities from ESPRESSO, and ground-based photometry from HATSouth, MEarth-South, TRAPPIST-South, LCOGT, and ExTrA. We find that the planet has a mass of $\mathrm{0.665\pm0.025\,M_J}$ and a radius of $\mathrm{1.017\pm0.044\,R_J}$. It orbits close to its host star, with an orbital period of $\mathrm{2.5926\,d}$, but has an equilibrium temperature of $\mathrm{\approx 604 \, K}$, well below the expected threshold for radius inflation of hot Jupiters. The host star has a mass of $\mathrm{0.3939\pm0.0030\,M_\odot}$, a radius of $\mathrm{0.3697\pm0.0018\,R_\odot}$, an effective temperature of $\mathrm{3389 \, K}$, and a J-band magnitude of $\mathrm{11.706\pm0.025}$. Current planet formation models do not predict the existence of gas giants such as TOI-3235 b around such low-mass stars. With a high transmission spectroscopy metric, TOI-3235 b is one of the best-suited giants orbiting M-dwarfs for atmospheric characterization., 15 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in APJL

Published
2023

32. Hazy with a Chance of Star Spots: Constraining the Atmosphere of Young Planet K2-33b

Author

Pa Chia Thao, Andrew W. Mann, Peter Gao, Dylan A. Owens, Andrew Vanderburg, Elisabeth R. Newton, Yao Tang, Matthew J. Fields, Trevor J. David, Jonathan M. Irwin, Tim-Oliver Husser, David Charbonneau, Sarah Ballard, Thao, PC [0000-0001-5729-6576], Mann, AW [0000-0003-3654-1602], Gao, P [0000-0002-8518-9601], Owens, DA [0000-0002-6397-6719], Vanderburg, A [0000-0001-7246-5438], Newton, ER [0000-0003-4150-841X], Tang, Y [0000-0003-3980-7808], Fields, MJ [0000-0002-9641-3138], David, TJ [0000-0001-6534-6246], Husser, TO [0000-0003-2466-5077], Charbonneau, D [0000-0002-9003-484X], Ballard, S [0000-0002-3247-5081], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Although all-sky surveys have led to the discovery of dozens of young planets, little is known about their atmospheres. Here, we present multi-wavelength transit data for the super Neptune-sized exoplanet, K2-33b -- the youngest (~10 Myr) transiting exoplanet to-date. We combined photometric observations of K2-33 covering a total of 33 transits spanning >2 years, taken from K2, MEarth, Hubble, and Spitzer. The transit photometry spanned from the optical to the near-infrared (0.6-4.5$μ$m), enabling us to construct a transmission spectrum of the planet. We find that the optical transit depths are nearly a factor of two deeper than those from the near-infrared. This difference holds across multiple datasets taken over years, ruling out issues of data analysis and unconstrained systematics. Surface inhomogeneities on the young star can reproduce some of the difference, but required spot coverage fractions (>60%) are ruled out by the observed stellar spectrum(, Accepted to AJ. 26 pages, 14 figures, 6 tables

Published
2022
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33. A Long Time Ago in a Galaxy Far, Far Away: A Candidate z ~ 12 Galaxy in Early JWST CEERS Imaging

Author

Finkelstein, SL, Bagley, MB, Haro, PA, Dickinson, M, Ferguson, HC, Kartaltepe, JS, Papovich, C, Burgarella, D, Kocevski, DD, Huertas-Company, M, Iyer, KG, Koekemoer, AM, Larson, RL, Pérez-González, PG, Rose, C, Tacchella, S, Wilkins, SM, Chworowsky, K, Medrano, A, Morales, AM, Somerville, RS, Aaron Yung, LY, Fontana, A, Giavalisco, M, Grazian, A, Grogin, NA, Kewley, LJ, Kirkpatrick, A, Kurczynski, P, Lotz, JM, Pentericci, L, Pirzkal, N, Ravindranath, S, Ryan, RE, Trump, Yang, G, Almaini, O, Amorín, RO, Annunziatella, M, Backhaus, BE, Barro, G, Behroozi, P, Bell, EF, Bhatawdekar, R, Bisigello, L, Bromm, V, Buat, V, Buitrago, F, Calabrò, A, Casey, CM, Castellano, M, Chávez Ortiz, ÓA, Ciesla, L, Cleri, NJ, Cohen, SH, Cole, JW, Cooke, KC, Cooper, MC, Cooray, AR, Costantin, L, Cox, IG, Croton, D, Daddi, E, Davé, R, De La Vega, A, Dekel, A, Elbaz, D, Estrada-Carpenter, V, Faber, SM, Fernández, V, Finkelstein, KD, Freundlich, J, Fujimoto, S, García-Argumánez, Á, Gardner, JP, Gawiser, E, Gómez-Guijarro, C, Guo, Y, Hamblin, K, Hamilton, TS, Hathi, NP, Holwerda, BW, Hirschmann, M, Hutchison, TA, Jaskot, AE, Jha, SW, Jogee, S, Juneau, S, Jung, I, Kassin, SA, Le Bail, A, Leung, GCK, Lucas, RA, Magnelli, B, Mantha, KB, Matharu, J, McGrath, EJ, McIntosh, DH, Merlin, E, Mobasher, B, Finkelstein, SL [0000-0001-8519-1130], Bagley, MB [0000-0002-9921-9218], Haro, PA [0000-0002-7959-8783], Dickinson, M [0000-0001-5414-5131], Ferguson, HC [0000-0001-7113-2738], Kartaltepe, JS [0000-0001-9187-3605], Papovich, C [0000-0001-7503-8482], Burgarella, D [0000-0002-4193-2539], Kocevski, DD [0000-0002-8360-3880], Huertas-Company, M [0000-0002-1416-8483], Iyer, KG [0000-0001-9298-3523], Koekemoer, AM [0000-0002-6610-2048], Larson, RL [0000-0003-2366-8858], Pérez-González, PG [0000-0003-4528-5639], Rose, C [0000-0002-8018-3219], Tacchella, S [0000-0002-8224-4505], Wilkins, SM [0000-0003-3903-6935], Chworowsky, K [0000-0003-4922-0613], Morales, AM [0000-0003-4965-0402], Somerville, RS [0000-0002-6748-6821], Aaron Yung, LY [0000-0003-3466-035X], Fontana, A [0000-0003-3820-2823], Giavalisco, M [0000-0002-7831-8751], Grazian, A [0000-0002-5688-0663], Grogin, NA [0000-0001-9440-8872], Kewley, LJ [0000-0001-8152-3943], Kirkpatrick, A [0000-0002-1306-1545], Kurczynski, P [0000-0002-8816-5146], Lotz, JM [0000-0003-3130-5643], Pentericci, L [0000-0001-8940-6768], Pirzkal, N [0000-0003-3382-5941], Ravindranath, S [0000-0002-5269-6527], Ryan, RE [0000-0003-0894-1588], Trump, JR [0000-0002-1410-0470], Yang, G [0000-0001-8835-7722], Almaini, O [0000-0001-9328-3991], Amorín, RO [0000-0001-5758-1000], Annunziatella, M [0000-0002-8053-8040], Backhaus, BE [0000-0001-8534-7502], Behroozi, P [0000-0002-2517-6446], Bell, EF [0000-0002-5564-9873], Bhatawdekar, R [0000-0003-0883-2226], Bisigello, L [0000-0003-0492-4924], Bromm, V [0000-0003-0212-2979], Buat, V [0000-0003-3441-903X], Buitrago, F [0000-0002-2861-9812], Calabrò, A [0000-0003-2536-1614], Casey, CM [0000-0002-0930-6466], Castellano, M [0000-0001-9875-8263], Chávez Ortiz, ÓA [0000-0003-2332-5505], Ciesla, L [0000-0003-0541-2891], Cleri, NJ [0000-0001-7151-009X], Cohen, SH [0000-0003-3329-1337], Cole, JW [0000-0002-6348-1900], Cooke, KC [0000-0002-2200-9845], Cooper, MC [0000-0003-1371-6019], Cooray, AR [0000-0002-3892-0190], Costantin, L [0000-0001-6820-0015], Cox, IG [0000-0002-1803-794X], Croton, D [0000-0002-5009-512X], Daddi, E [0000-0002-3331-9590], Davé, R [0000-0003-2842-9434], De La Vega, A [0000-0002-6219-5558], Dekel, A [0000-0003-4174-0374], Elbaz, D [0000-0002-7631-647X], Estrada-Carpenter, V [0000-0001-8489-2349], Fernández, V [0000-0003-0531-5450], Finkelstein, KD [0000-0003-0792-5877], Freundlich, J [0000-0002-5245-7796], Fujimoto, S [0000-0001-7201-5066], García-Argumánez, Á [0000-0002-8365-5525], Gardner, JP [0000-0003-2098-9568], Gawiser, E [0000-0003-1530-8713], Gómez-Guijarro, C [0000-0002-4085-9165], Guo, Y [0000-0002-4162-6523], Hamblin, K [0000-0002-6292-4589], Hamilton, TS [0000-0002-9753-1769], Hathi, NP [0000-0001-6145-5090], Holwerda, BW [0000-0002-4884-6756], Hirschmann, M [0000-0002-3301-3321], Hutchison, TA [0000-0001-6251-4988], Jaskot, AE [0000-0002-6790-5125], Jha, SW [0000-0001-8738-6011], Jogee, S [0000-0002-1590-0568], Juneau, S [0000-0002-0000-2394], Jung, I [0000-0003-1187-4240], Kassin, SA [0000-0002-3838-8093], Le Bail, A [0000-0002-9466-2763], Leung, GCK [0000-0002-9393-6507], Lucas, RA [0000-0003-1581-7825], Magnelli, B [0000-0002-6777-6490], Matharu, J [0000-0002-7547-3385], McGrath, EJ [0000-0001-8688-2443], Merlin, E [0000-0001-6870-8900], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
5101 Astronomical Sciences, 5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences, Galaxies and Cosmology
Abstract

We report the discovery of a candidate galaxy with a photo-z of z ∼ 12 in the first epoch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey. Following conservative selection criteria, we identify a source with a robust z phot = 11.8 − 0.2 + 0.3 (1σ uncertainty) with m F200W = 27.3 and ≳7σ detections in five filters. The source is not detected at λ < 1.4 μm in deep imaging from both Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and JWST and has faint ∼3σ detections in JWST F150W and HST F160W, which signal a Lyα break near the red edge of both filters, implying z ∼ 12. This object (Maisie’s Galaxy) exhibits F115W − F200W > 1.9 mag (2σ lower limit) with a blue continuum slope, resulting in 99.6% of the photo-z probability distribution function favoring z > 11. All data-quality images show no artifacts at the candidate’s position, and independent analyses consistently find a strong preference for z > 11. Its colors are inconsistent with Galactic stars, and it is resolved (r h = 340 ± 14 pc). Maisie’s Galaxy has log M */M ⊙ ∼ 8.5 and is highly star-forming (log sSFR ∼ −8.2 yr−1), with a blue rest-UV color (β ∼ −2.5) indicating little dust, though not extremely low metallicity. While the presence of this source is in tension with most predictions, it agrees with empirical extrapolations assuming UV luminosity functions that smoothly decline with increasing redshift. Should follow-up spectroscopy validate this redshift, our universe was already aglow with galaxies less than 400 Myr after the Big Bang.

Published
2022
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34. Determining Dust Properties in Protoplanetary Disks: SED-derived Masses and Settling With ALMA

Author

Rilinger, Anneliese M, Espaillat, Catherine C, Xin, Zihua, Ribas, Álvaro, Macías, Enrique, Luettgen, Sarah, Rilinger, Anneliese M [0000-0002-3091-8061], Espaillat, Catherine C [0000-0001-9227-5949], Xin, Zihua [0000-0001-6060-2730], Ribas, Álvaro [0000-0003-3133-3580], Macías, Enrique [0000-0003-1283-6262], Luettgen, Sarah [0000-0002-1069-9834], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, Space and Planetary Science, Interstellar Matter and the Local Universe, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present spectral energy distribution (SED) modeling of 338 disks around T Tauri stars from eleven star-forming regions, ranging from $\sim$0.5 to 10 Myr old. The disk masses we infer from our SED models are typically greater than those reported from (sub)mm surveys by a factor of 1.5-5, with the discrepancy being generally higher for the more massive disks. Masses derived from (sub)mm fluxes rely on the assumption that the disks are optically thin at all millimeter wavelengths, which may cause the disk masses to be underestimated since the observed flux is not sensitive to the whole mass in the disk; SED models do not make this assumption and thus yield higher masses. Disks with more absorbing material should be optically thicker at a given wavelength; which could lead to a larger discrepancy for disks around massive stars when the disk temperature is scaled by the stellar luminosity. We also compare the disk masses and degree of dust settling across the different star-forming regions and find that disks in younger regions have more massive disks than disks in older regions, but a similar degree of dust settling. Together, these results offer potential partial solutions to the "missing" mass problem: disks around T Tauri stars may indeed have enough material to form planetary systems, though previous studies have underestimated the mass by assuming the disks to be optically thin; these planetary systems may also form earlier than previously theorized since significant dust evolution (i.e., settling) is already apparent in young disks., Preprint includes 27 pages, 15 figures. Accepted to ApJ on November 21, 2022

Published
2022

35. The Winchcombe meteorite, a unique and pristine witness from the outer solar system

Author

King, Ashley J, Daly, Luke, Rowe, James, Joy, Katherine H, Greenwood, Richard C, Devillepoix, Hadrien AR, Suttle, Martin D, Chan, Queenie HS, Russell, Sara S, Bates, Helena C, Bryson, James FJ, Clay, Patricia L, Vida, Denis, Lee, Martin R, O'Brien, Áine, Hallis, Lydia J, Stephen, Natasha R, Tartèse, Romain, Sansom, Eleanor K, Towner, Martin C, Cupak, Martin, Shober, Patrick M, Bland, Phil A, Findlay, Ross, Franchi, Ian A, Verchovsky, Alexander B, Abernethy, Feargus AJ, Grady, Monica M, Floyd, Cameron J, Van Ginneken, Matthias, Bridges, John, Hicks, Leon J, Jones, Rhian H, Mitchell, Jennifer T, Genge, Matthew J, Jenkins, Laura, Martin, Pierre-Etienne, Sephton, Mark A, Watson, Jonathan S, Salge, Tobias, Shirley, Katherine A, Curtis, Rowan J, Warren, Tristram J, Bowles, Neil E, Stuart, Finlay M, Di Nicola, Luigia, Györe, Domokos, Boyce, Adrian J, Shaw, Kathryn MM, Elliott, Tim, Steele, Robert CJ, Povinec, Pavel, Laubenstein, Matthias, Sanderson, David, Cresswell, Alan, Jull, Anthony JT, Sýkora, Ivan, Sridhar, Sanjana, Harrison, Richard J, Willcocks, Francesca M, Harrison, Catherine S, Hallatt, Daniel, Wozniakiewicz, Penny J, Burchell, Mark J, Alesbrook, Luke S, Dignam, Aishling, Almeida, Natasha V, Smith, Caroline L, Clark, Brett, Humphreys-Williams, Emma R, Schofield, Paul F, Cornwell, Luke T, Spathis, Vassilia, Morgan, Geraint H, Perkins, Mark J, Kacerek, Richard, Campbell-Burns, Peter, Colas, Francois, Zanda, Brigitte, Vernazza, Pierre, Bouley, Sylvain, Jeanne, Simon, Hankey, Mike, Collins, Gareth S, Young, John S, Shaw, Clive, Horak, Jana, Jones, Dave, James, Nick, Bosley, Steve, Shuttleworth, Alan, Dickinson, Paul, McMullan, Ian, Robson, Derek, Smedley, Andrew RD, Stanley, Ben, Bassom, Richard, McIntyre, Mark, Suttle, Adam A, Fleet, Richard, Bastiaens, Luc, Ihász, Míra B, McMullan, Sarah, Boazman, Sarah J, Dickeson, Zach I, Grindrod, Peter M, Pickersgill, Annemarie E, Weir, Colin J, Suttle, Fiona M, Farrelly, Sarah, Spencer, Ieun, Naqvi, Sheeraz, Mayne, Ben, Skilton, Dan, Kirk, Dan, Mounsey, Ann, Mounsey, Sally E, Mounsey, Sarah, Godfrey, Pamela, Bond, Lachlan, Bond, Victoria, Wilcock, Cathryn, Wilcock, Hannah, Wilcock, Rob, King, Ashley J [0000-0001-6113-5417], Daly, Luke [0000-0002-7150-4092], Joy, Katherine H [0000-0003-4992-8750], Greenwood, Richard C [0000-0002-5544-8027], Devillepoix, Hadrien AR [0000-0001-9226-1870], Suttle, Martin D [0000-0001-7165-2215], Chan, Queenie HS [0000-0001-7205-8699], Russell, Sara S [0000-0001-5531-7847], Bates, Helena C [0000-0002-0469-9483], Bryson, James FJ [0000-0002-5675-8545], Vida, Denis [0000-0003-4166-8704], Lee, Martin R [0000-0002-6004-3622], O'Brien, Áine [0000-0002-2591-7902], Hallis, Lydia J [0000-0001-6455-8415], Stephen, Natasha R [0000-0003-3952-922X], Tartèse, Romain [0000-0002-3490-9875], Sansom, Eleanor K [0000-0003-2702-673X], Towner, Martin C [0000-0002-8240-4150], Cupak, Martin [0000-0003-2193-0867], Shober, Patrick M [0000-0003-4766-2098], Bland, Phil A [0000-0002-4681-7898], Findlay, Ross [0000-0001-7794-1819], Franchi, Ian A [0000-0003-4151-0480], Verchovsky, Alexander B [0000-0002-3532-5003], Abernethy, Feargus AJ [0000-0001-7210-3058], Grady, Monica M [0000-0002-4055-533X], Floyd, Cameron J [0000-0001-5986-491X], Van Ginneken, Matthias [0000-0002-2508-7021], Bridges, John [0000-0002-9579-5779], Hicks, Leon J [0000-0002-2464-0948], Jones, Rhian H [0000-0001-8238-9379], Mitchell, Jennifer T [0000-0002-5922-2463], Genge, Matthew J [0000-0002-9528-5971], Jenkins, Laura [0000-0003-0886-8667], Martin, Pierre-Etienne [0000-0003-1848-9695], Sephton, Mark A [0000-0002-2190-5402], Watson, Jonathan S [0000-0003-0354-1729], Salge, Tobias [0000-0002-4414-4917], Shirley, Katherine A [0000-0003-0669-7497], Curtis, Rowan J [0000-0002-9554-3053], Warren, Tristram J [0000-0003-3877-0046], Bowles, Neil E [0000-0001-5400-1461], Stuart, Finlay M [0000-0002-6395-7868], Di Nicola, Luigia [0000-0002-7596-474X], Györe, Domokos [0000-0003-4438-8361], Boyce, Adrian J [0000-0002-9680-0787], Shaw, Kathryn MM [0000-0002-3847-9382], Elliott, Tim [0000-0002-0984-0191], Steele, Robert CJ [0000-0003-1406-6855], Povinec, Pavel [0000-0003-0275-794X], Laubenstein, Matthias [0000-0001-5390-4343], Sanderson, David [0000-0002-9615-4412], Cresswell, Alan [0000-0002-5100-8075], Jull, Anthony JT [0000-0002-4079-4947], Sýkora, Ivan [0000-0003-3447-5621], Sridhar, Sanjana [0000-0003-1179-2093], Harrison, Richard J [0000-0003-3469-762X], Willcocks, Francesca M [0000-0002-3726-0258], Hallatt, Daniel [0000-0002-4426-9891], Wozniakiewicz, Penny J [0000-0002-1441-4883], Burchell, Mark J [0000-0002-2680-8943], Alesbrook, Luke S [0000-0001-9892-281X], Dignam, Aishling [0000-0001-5408-9061], Almeida, Natasha V [0000-0003-4871-8225], Smith, Caroline L [0000-0001-7005-6470], Humphreys-Williams, Emma R [0000-0002-1397-5785], Schofield, Paul F [0000-0003-0902-0588], Cornwell, Luke T [0000-0003-1428-2160], Spathis, Vassilia [0000-0002-5745-4383], Morgan, Geraint H [0000-0002-7580-6880], Campbell-Burns, Peter [0000-0001-8544-728X], Zanda, Brigitte [0000-0002-4210-7151], Vernazza, Pierre [0000-0002-2564-6743], Bouley, Sylvain [0000-0003-0377-5517], Collins, Gareth S [0000-0002-6087-6149], Young, John S [0000-0001-6583-7643], Horak, Jana [0000-0002-0492-2235], Jones, Dave [0000-0002-7215-0521], Bosley, Steve [0000-0002-9478-8518], Dickinson, Paul [0000-0003-0078-0919], McMullan, Ian [0000-0002-5579-8115], Robson, Derek [0000-0001-7807-9853], Smedley, Andrew RD [0000-0001-7137-6628], McIntyre, Mark [0000-0002-5769-4280], Suttle, Adam A [0000-0002-6075-976X], Fleet, Richard [0000-0002-8366-7673], McMullan, Sarah [0000-0002-7194-6317], Boazman, Sarah J [0000-0003-4694-0818], Dickeson, Zach I [0000-0001-9116-2571], Grindrod, Peter M [0000-0002-0934-5131], Pickersgill, Annemarie E [0000-0001-5452-2849], Suttle, Fiona M [0000-0003-1970-0034], Wilcock, Cathryn [0000-0001-7731-2860], Wilcock, Hannah [0000-0002-1043-2267], Wilcock, Rob [0000-0001-8977-7956], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), and University of St Andrews. School of Earth & Environmental Sciences

Subjects
MCC, QC Physics, Multidisciplinary, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, NDAS, QB Astronomy, 37 Earth Sciences, 3705 Geology, 5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences, QC, QB
Abstract

Funding: This study was supported by urgency funding from the U.K.’s Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) as part of the project “Curation and Preliminary Examination of the Winchcombe Carbonaceous Chondrite Fall.” Additional work was funded by STFC through grants ST/N000846/1, ST/T002328/1, ST/T506096/1, and ST/W001128/1 (to L.D., M.R.L., and L.J.Ha.); ST/V000675/1 (to K.H.J. and R.H.J.); ST/P005225/1 (to R.T.); ST/S000348/1 (to M.V.G., P.J.W., and M.J.B.); ST/R00143X/1 (to J.B. and L.J.Hi.); ST/S000615/1 (to G.S.C.); ST/V000799/1 (to P.G.); and ST/V000888/1 (to T.E.). A.J.K. and H.C.B. acknowledge funding support from UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) grant MR/T020261/1. P.L.C. acknowledges funding support from UKRI grant MR/S03465X/1. K.H.J. acknowledges funding support from the Royal Society, grant URF\R\201009. L.J.Ha. and M.R.L. acknowledge funding from Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) National Environmental Isotope Facility (NEIF) grant no. 2406.0321. L.D., M.R.L., and L.J.Ha. acknowledge COVID-19 funding support from the University of Glasgow, UK. D.V. was supported in part by NASA cooperative agreement 80NSSC21M0073. P.P. and I.Sy. acknowledge funding from the VEGA agency, project no.1/0421/20. A.J.T.J. acknowledges support from the European Union and the State of Hungary, cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund in the project of GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00009 “ICER.” P.M.S. acknowledges support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 945298. FRIPON was initiated by funding from ANR (grant N.13-BS05-0009-03), carried out by the Paris Observatory, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris-Saclay University, and Institut Pythéas (LAM-CEREGE). FRIPON data are hosted and processed at Institut Pythéas SIP (Service Informatique Pythéas). The Desert Fireball Network team and Global Fireball Observatory are funded by the Australian Research Council (DP200102073). Direct links between carbonaceous chondrites and their parent bodies in the solar system are rare. The Winchcombe meteorite is the most accurately recorded carbonaceous chondrite fall. Its pre-atmospheric orbit and cosmic-ray exposure age confirm that it arrived on Earth shortly after ejection from a primitive asteroid. Recovered only hours after falling, the composition of the Winchcombe meteorite is largely unmodified by the terrestrial environment. It contains abundant hydrated silicates formed during fluid-rock reactions, and carbon- and nitrogen-bearing organic matter including soluble protein amino acids. The near-pristine hydrogen isotopic composition of the Winchcombe meteorite is comparable to the terrestrial hydrosphere, providing further evidence that volatile-rich carbonaceous asteroids played an important role in the origin of Earth's water. Publisher PDF

Published
2022

36. TOI-1695 b: A Water World Orbiting an Early M Dwarf in the Planet Radius Valley

Author

Collin Cherubim, Ryan Cloutier, David Charbonneau, Chris Stockdale, Keivan G. Stassun, Richard P. Schwarz, Boris Safonov, Annelies Mortier, Pablo Lewin, David W. Latham, Keith Horne, Raphaëlle D. Haywood, Erica Gonzales, Maria V. Goliguzova, Karen A. Collins, David R. Ciardi, Allyson Bieryla, Alexandre A. Belinski, Bill Wohler, Christopher A. Watson, Roland Vanderspek, Stéphane Udry, Alessandro Sozzetti, Damien Ségransan, Dimitar Sasselov, George R. Ricker, Ken Rice, Ennio Poretti, Giampaolo Piotto, Francesco Pepe, Emilio Molinari, Giuseppina Micela, Michel Mayor, Christophe Lovis, Mercedes López-Morales, Jon M. Jenkins, Zahra Essack, Xavier Dumusque, John P. Doty, Knicole D. Colón, Andrew Collier Cameron, Lars A. Buchhave, University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews. St Andrews Centre for Exoplanet Science, Cherubim, Collin [0000-0002-8466-5469], Cloutier, Ryan [0000-0001-5383-9393], Charbonneau, David [0000-0002-9003-484X], Stockdale, Chris [0000-0003-2163-1437], Stassun, Keivan G [0000-0002-3481-9052], Schwarz, Richard P [0000-0001-8227-1020], Safonov, Boris [0000-0003-1713-3208], Mortier, Annelies [0000-0001-7254-4363], Lewin, Pablo [0000-0003-0828-6368], Latham, David W [0000-0001-9911-7388], Horne, Keith [0000-0003-1728-0304], Haywood, Raphaëlle D [0000-0001-9140-3574], Collins, Karen A [0000-0001-6588-9574], Ciardi, David R [0000-0002-5741-3047], Bieryla, Allyson [0000-0001-6637-5401], Belinski, Alexandre A [0000-0003-3469-0989], Wohler, Bill [0000-0002-5402-9613], Watson, Christopher A [0000-0002-9718-3266], Vanderspek, Roland [0000-0001-6763-6562], Udry, Stéphane [0000-0001-7576-6236], Sozzetti, Alessandro [0000-0002-7504-365X], Ségransan, Damien [0000-0003-2355-8034], Sasselov, Dimitar [0000-0001-7014-1771], Ricker, George R [0000-0003-2058-6662], Rice, Ken [0000-0002-6379-9185], Poretti, Ennio [0000-0003-1200-0473], Piotto, Giampaolo [0000-0002-9937-6387], Molinari, Emilio [0000-0002-1742-7735], Micela, Giuseppina [0000-0002-9900-4751], Mayor, Michel [0000-0002-9352-5935], López-Morales, Mercedes [0000-0003-3204-8183], Jenkins, Jon M [0000-0002-4715-9460], Essack, Zahra [0000-0002-2482-0180], Dumusque, Xavier [0000-0002-9332-2011], Doty, John P [0000-0003-2996-8421], Colón, Knicole D [0000-0001-8020-7121], Cameron, Andrew Collier [0000-0002-8863-7828], Buchhave, Lars A [0000-0003-1605-5666], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), MCC, Space and Planetary Science, The Solar System, Exoplanets, and Astrobiology, FOS: Physical sciences, QB Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5109 Space Sciences, 3rd-DAS, 51 Physical Sciences, QB, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Characterizing the bulk compositions of transiting exoplanets within the M dwarf radius valley offers a unique means to establish whether the radius valley emerges from an atmospheric mass loss process or is imprinted by planet formation itself. We present the confirmation of such a planet orbiting an early M dwarf ($T_{\rm mag} = 11.0294 \pm 0.0074, M_s = 0.513 \pm 0.012\ M_\odot, R_s = 0.515 \pm 0.015\ R_\odot, T_{\rm eff} =3690\pm 50 K$): TOI-1695 b ($P = 3.13$ days, $R_p = 1.90^{+0.16}_{-0.14}\ R_\oplus$). TOI-1695 b's radius and orbital period situate the planet between model predictions from thermally-driven mass loss versus gas depleted formation, offering an important test case for radius valley emergence models around early M dwarfs. We confirm the planetary nature of TOI-1695 b based on five sectors of TESS data and a suite of follow-up observations including 49 precise radial velocity measurements taken with the HARPS-N spectrograph. We measure a planetary mass of $6.36 \pm 1.00\ M_\oplus$, which reveals that TOI-1695 b is inconsistent with a purely terrestrial composition of iron and magnesium silicate, and instead is likely a water-rich planet. Our finding that TOI-1695 b is not terrestrial is inconsistent with the planetary system being sculpted by thermally driven mass loss. We present a statistical analysis of seven well-characterized planets within the M dwarf radius valley demonstrating that a thermally-driven mass loss scenario is unlikely to explain this population., 22 pages, 11 figures. Accepted in AJ

Published
2022

37. CEERS Key Paper V: A triality on the nature of HST-dark galaxies

Author

Pablo G. Pérez-González, Guillermo Barro, Marianna Annunziatella, Luca Costantin, Ángela García-Argumánez, Elizabeth J. McGrath, Rosa M. Mérida, Jorge A. Zavala, Pablo Arrabal Haro, Micaela B. Bagley, Bren E. Backhaus, Peter Behroozi, Eric F. Bell, Laura Bisigello, Véronique Buat, Antonello Calabrò, Caitlin M. Casey, Nikko J. Cleri, Rosemary T. Coogan, M. C. Cooper, Asantha R. Cooray, Avishai Dekel, Mark Dickinson, David Elbaz, Henry C. Ferguson, Steven L. Finkelstein, Adriano Fontana, Maximilien Franco, Jonathan P. Gardner, Mauro Giavalisco, Carlos Gómez-Guijarro, Andrea Grazian, Norman A. Grogin, Yuchen Guo, Marc Huertas-Company, Shardha Jogee, Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe, Lisa J. Kewley, Allison Kirkpatrick, Dale D. Kocevski, Anton M. Koekemoer, Arianna S. Long, Jennifer M. Lotz, Ray A. Lucas, Casey Papovich, Nor Pirzkal, Swara Ravindranath, Rachel S. Somerville, Sandro Tacchella, Jonathan R. Trump, Weichen Wang, Stephen M. Wilkins, Stijn Wuyts, Guang Yang, L. Y. Aaron Yung, Pérez-González, PG [0000-0003-4528-5639], Barro, G [0000-0001-6813-875X], Annunziatella, M [0000-0002-8053-8040], Costantin, L [0000-0001-6820-0015], García-Argumánez, Á [0000-0002-8365-5525], McGrath, EJ [0000-0001-8688-2443], Mérida, RM [0000-0001-8115-5845], Zavala, JA [0000-0002-7051-1100], Haro, PA [0000-0002-7959-8783], Bagley, MB [0000-0002-9921-9218], Backhaus, BE [0000-0001-8534-7502], Behroozi, P [0000-0002-2517-6446], Bell, EF [0000-0002-5564-9873], Bisigello, L [0000-0003-0492-4924], Buat, V [0000-0003-3441-903X], Calabrò, A [0000-0003-2536-1614], Casey, CM [0000-0002-0930-6466], Cleri, NJ [0000-0001-7151-009X], Coogan, RT [0000-0002-4343-0479], Cooper, MC [0000-0003-1371-6019], Cooray, AR [0000-0002-3892-0190], Dekel, A [0000-0003-4174-0374], Dickinson, M [0000-0001-5414-5131], Elbaz, D [0000-0002-7631-647X], Ferguson, HC [0000-0001-7113-2738], Finkelstein, SL [0000-0001-8519-1130], Fontana, A [0000-0003-3820-2823], Franco, M [0000-0002-3560-8599], Gardner, JP [0000-0003-2098-9568], Giavalisco, M [0000-0002-7831-8751], Gómez-Guijarro, C [0000-0002-4085-9165], Grazian, A [0000-0002-5688-0663], Grogin, NA [0000-0001-9440-8872], Guo, Y [0000-0002-4162-6523], Huertas-Company, M [0000-0002-1416-8483], Jogee, S [0000-0002-1590-0568], Kartaltepe, JS [0000-0001-9187-3605], Kewley, LJ [0000-0001-8152-3943], Kirkpatrick, A [0000-0002-1306-1545], Kocevski, DD [0000-0002-8360-3880], Koekemoer, AM [0000-0002-6610-2048], Long, AS [0000-0002-7530-8857], Lotz, JM [0000-0003-3130-5643], Lucas, RA [0000-0003-1581-7825], Papovich, C [0000-0001-7503-8482], Pirzkal, N [0000-0003-3382-5941], Ravindranath, S [0000-0002-5269-6527], Somerville, RS [0000-0002-6748-6821], Tacchella, S [0000-0002-8224-4505], Trump, JR [0000-0002-1410-0470], Wang, W [0000-0002-9593-8274], Wilkins, SM [0000-0003-3903-6935], Wuyts, S [0000-0003-3735-1931], Yang, G [0000-0001-8835-7722], Aaron Yung, LY [0000-0003-3466-035X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The new capabilities that JWST offers in the near- and mid-infrared (IR) are used to investigate in unprecedented detail the nature of optical/near-IR faint, mid-IR bright sources, HST-dark galaxies among them. We gather JWST data from the CEERS survey in the EGS, jointly with HST data, and analyze spatially resolved optical-to-mid-IR spectral energy distributions (SEDs) to estimate both photometric redshifts in 2 dimensions and stellar populations properties in a pixel-by-pixel basis. We select 138 galaxies with F150W-F356W>1.5 mag, F356W100 Gyr^-1); (2) 18% are quiescent/dormant (i.e., subject to reignition and rejuvenation) galaxies at 3, Comment: Published in CEERS ApJL Focus Issue, ApJL 946, L16

Published
2022

38. ALMA Observations of the HD~110058 debris disk

Author

Antonio S. Hales, Sebastián Marino, Patrick D. Sheehan, Silvio Ulloa, Sebastián Pérez, Luca Matrà, Quentin Kral, Mark Wyatt, William Dent, John Carpenter, Hales, AS [0000-0001-5073-2849], Sheehan, PD [0000-0002-9209-8708], Ulloa, S [0000-0002-9966-9403], Pérez, S [0000-0003-2953-755X], Matrà, L [0000-0003-4705-3188], Wyatt, M [0000-0001-9064-5598], Carpenter, J [0000-0003-2251-0602], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the young, gas-rich debris disk around HD 110058 at 0.″3–0.″6 resolution. The disk is detected in the 0.85 and 1.3 mm continuum, as well as the J = 2–1 and J = 3–2 transitions of 12CO and 13CO. The observations resolve the dust and gas distributions and reveal that this is the smallest debris disk around stars of similar luminosity observed by ALMA. The new ALMA data confirm the disk is very close to edge-on, as shown previously in scattered-light images. We use radiative transfer modeling to constrain the physical properties of dust and gas disks. The dust density peaks at around 31 au and has a smooth outer edge that extends out to ∼70 au. Interestingly, the dust emission is marginally resolved along the minor axis, which indicates that it is vertically thick if truly close to edge-on with an aspect ratio between 0.13 and 0.28. We also find that the CO gas distribution is more compact than the dust (similar to the disk around 49 Ceti), which could be due to a low viscosity and a higher gas release rate at small radii. Using simulations of the gas evolution taking into account the CO photodissociation, shielding, and viscous evolution, we find that HD 110058's CO gas mass and distribution are consistent with a secondary origin scenario. Finally, we find that the gas densities may be high enough to cause the outward drift of small dust grains in the disk.

Published
2022

39. Radiation-driven acceleration in the expanding WR140 dust shell

Author

Han, Yinuo, Tuthill, Peter G, Lau, Ryan M, Soulain, Anthony, Han, Yinuo [0000-0002-2106-0403], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), FOS: Physical sciences, 5109 Space Sciences, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, 51 Physical Sciences, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract

The Wolf-Rayet (WR) binary system WR140 is a close (0.9-16.7 mas) binary star consisting of an O5 primary and WC7 companion and is known as the archetype of episodic dust-producing WRs. Dust in WR binaries is known to form in a confined stream originating from the collision of the two stellar winds, with orbital motion of the binary sculpting the large-scale dust structure into arcs as dust is swept radially outwards. It is understood that sensitive conditions required for dust production in WR140 are only met around periastron when the two stars are sufficiently close. Here we present multiepoch imagery of the circumstellar dust shell of WR140. We constructed geometric models that closely trace the expansion of the intricately structured dust plume, showing that complex effects induced by orbital modulation may result in a 'Goldilocks zone' for dust production. We find that the expansion of the dust plume cannot be reproduced under the assumption of a simple uniform-speed outflow, finding instead the dust to be accelerating. This constitutes a direct kinematic record of dust motion under acceleration by radiation pressure and further highlights the complexity of the physical conditions in colliding-wind binaries., Comment: Published in Nature

Published
2022

40. VVV J165507.19-421755.5: A Nearby T Dwarf Hidden in the Galactic Plane

Author

Schapera, Noah, Caselden, Dan, Meisner, Aaron M, Burgasser, Adam J, Schneider, Adam C, Humphreys, Austin, Hsu, Chih-Chun, Softich, Emma, Smith, Leigh C, Lucas, Philip W, Kirkpatrick, J Davy, Marocco, Federico, Faherty, Jacqueline K, Kuchner, Marc J, Cushing, Michael C, Schapera, Noah [0000-0002-4318-7173], Caselden, Dan [0000-0001-7896-5791], Meisner, Aaron M [0000-0002-1125-7384], Burgasser, Adam J [0000-0002-6523-9536], Schneider, Adam C [0000-0002-6294-5937], Humphreys, Austin [0000-0002-8142-6948], Hsu, Chih-Chun [0000-0002-5370-7494], Softich, Emma [0000-0002-1420-1837], Smith, Leigh C [0000-0002-3259-2771], Lucas, Philip W [0000-0002-8872-4462], Kirkpatrick, J Davy [0000-0003-4269-260X], Marocco, Federico [0000-0001-7519-1700], Faherty, Jacqueline K [0000-0001-6251-0573], Kuchner, Marc J [0000-0002-2387-5489], Cushing, Michael C [0000-0001-7780-3352], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
General Medicine, 5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences
Abstract

We present the discovery of VVV J165507.19−421755.5, a mid-T dwarf found through ongoing unWISE-based proper motion searches. A near-infrared spectrum of this object obtained with the NIRES instrument on the Keck II telescope indicates a spectral classification of T5. Using data from the VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV) catalog with a 9 year baseline, we measure a proper motion of ( μ α cos ( δ ) , μ δ ) = (−631.0 ± 1.3, −315.0 ± 1.4) mas yr−1 and a trigonometric parallax of π abs = 66.0 ± 4.8 mas, corresponding to a distance of 15.2 ± 1.1 pc. The trigonometric parallax agrees well with our photometric distance estimate (16.1 − 3.9 + 5.1 pc) assuming that VVV J165507.19−421755.5 is a single T5 dwarf. VVV J165507.19−421755.5 is a new member of the 20 parsec census.

Published
2022

41. Extragalactic Magnetism with SOFIA (SALSA Legacy Program). IV. Program Overview and First Results on the Polarization Fraction

Author

Enrique Lopez-Rodriguez, Sui Ann Mao, Rainer Beck, Alejandro S. Borlaff, Evangelia Ntormousi, Konstantinos Tassis, Daniel A. Dale, Julia Roman-Duval, Kandaswamy Subramanian, Sergio Martin-Alvarez, Pamela M. Marcum, Susan E. Clark, William T. Reach, Doyal A. Harper, Ellen G. Zweibel, Lopez-Rodriguez, E [0000-0001-5357-6538], Mao, SA [0000-0001-8906-7866], Borlaff, AS [0000-0003-3249-4431], Ntormousi, E [0000-0002-4324-0034], Tassis, K [0000-0002-8831-2038], Dale, DA [0000-0002-5782-9093], Roman-Duval, J [0000-0001-6326-7069], Subramanian, K [0000-0002-4210-3513], Martin-Alvarez, S [0000-0002-4059-9850], Clark, SE [0000-0002-7633-3376], Reach, WT [0000-0001-8362-4094], Zweibel, EG [0000-0003-4821-713X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 5109 Space Sciences, Galaxies and Cosmology, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, 51 Physical Sciences, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the first data release of the Survey on extragALactic magnetiSm with SOFIA (SALSA Legacy Program) with a set of 14 nearby ($, Comment: 43 pages, 28 figures. Accepted for publication to ApJ

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

42. Extragalactic Magnetism with SOFIA (SALSA Legacy Program). III. First Data Release and On-the-fly Polarization Mapping Characterization* * The SOFIA Legacy Program for Magnetic Fields in Galaxies (SALSA) provides a software repository at https://github.com/galmagfields/hawc and publicly available data at http://galmagfields.com

Author

Lopez-Rodriguez, E, Clarke, M, Shenoy, S, Vacca, W, Coude, S, Arneson, R, Ashton, P, Eftekharzadeh, S, Beck, R, Beckman, JE, Borlaff, AS, Clark, SE, Dale, DA, Martin-Alvarez, S, Ntormousi, E, Reach, WT, Roman-Duval, J, Tassis, K, Harper, DA, Marcum, PM, Lopez-Rodriguez, E [0000-0001-5357-6538], Vacca, W [0000-0002-9123-0068], Coude, S [0000-0002-0859-0805], Beckman, JE [0000-0001-5747-7086], Borlaff, AS [0000-0003-3249-4431], Clark, SE [0000-0002-7633-3376], Dale, DA [0000-0002-5782-9093], Martin-Alvarez, S [0000-0002-4059-9850], Ntormousi, E [0000-0002-4324-0034], Reach, WT [0000-0001-8362-4094], Roman-Duval, J [0000-0001-6326-7069], Tassis, K [0000-0002-8831-2038], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Pediatric Research Initiative, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, 5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics
Abstract

We describe the data processing of the Survey on extragALactic magnetiSm with SOFIA (SALSA Legacy Program). This first data release presents 33% (51.34 hr out of 155.7 hr, including overheads) of the total awarded time from 2020 January to 2021 December. Our observations were performed using the newly implemented on-the-fly mapping (OTFMAP) technique in the polarimetric mode. We present the pipeline steps to obtain homogeneously reduced high-level data products of polarimetric maps of galaxies for use in scientific analysis. Our approach has a general design and can be applied to sources smaller than the field of view of the HAWC+ array in any given band. We estimate that the OTFMAP polarimetric mode offers a reduction of observing overheads by a factor 2.34 and an improvement in sensitivity by a factor 1.80 when compared to the same on-source time polarimetric observations using the chopping and nodding mode. The OTFMAP is a significant optimization of the polarimetric mode of HAWC+, as it ultimately reduces the cost of operations of HAWC+/SOFIA by increasing the science collected per hour of observation up to an overall factor of 2.49. The OTFMAP polarimetric mode is the standard observing strategy of SALSA. The results and quantitative analysis of this first data release are presented in Papers IV and V of the series.

Published
2022
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43. Morpheus Reveals Distant Disk Galaxy Morphologies with JWST: The First AI/ML Analysis of JWST Images

Author

Robertson, BE, Tacchella, S, Johnson, BD, Hausen, R, Alabi, AB, Boyett, K, Bunker, AJ, Carniani, S, Egami, E, Eisenstein, DJ, Hainline, KN, Helton, JM, Ji, Z, Kumari, N, Lyu, J, Maiolino, R, Nelson, EJ, Rieke, MJ, Shivaei, I, Sun, F, Übler, H, Williams, CC, Willmer, CNA, Witstok, J, Robertson, BE [0000-0002-4271-0364], Tacchella, S [0000-0002-8224-4505], Johnson, BD [0000-0002-9280-7594], Hausen, R [0000-0002-8543-761X], Alabi, AB [0000-0002-3475-587X], Boyett, K [0000-0003-4109-304X], Carniani, S [0000-0002-6719-380X], Egami, E [0000-0003-1344-9475], Eisenstein, DJ [0000-0002-2929-3121], Hainline, KN [0000-0003-4565-8239], Helton, JM [0000-0003-4337-6211], Ji, Z [0000-0001-7673-2257], Kumari, N [0000-0002-5320-2568], Lyu, J [0000-0002-6221-1829], Maiolino, R [0000-0002-4985-3819], Nelson, EJ [0000-0002-7524-374X], Rieke, MJ [0000-0002-7893-6170], Shivaei, I [0000-0003-4702-7561], Sun, F [0000-0002-4622-6617], Übler, H [0000-0003-4891-0794], Williams, CC [0000-0003-2919-7495], Willmer, CNA [0000-0001-9262-9997], Witstok, J [0000-0002-7595-121X], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Robertson, B. E., Tacchella, S., Johnson, B. D., Hausen, R., Alabi, A. B., Boyett, K., Bunker, A. J., Carniani, S., Egami, E., Eisenstein, D. J., Hainline, K. N., Helton, J. M., Ji, Z., Kumari, N., Lyu, J., Maiolino, R., Nelson, E. J., Rieke, M. J., Shivaei, I., Sun, F., Ubler, H., Williams, C. C., Willmer, C. N. A., and Witstok, J.

Subjects
Disk galaxies (391), Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxies (573), 5109 Space Sciences, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Galaxy classification systems (582) [Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts], Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), James Webb Space Telescope (2291), Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Neural networks (1933), 51 Physical Sciences, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The dramatic first images with James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) demonstrated its power to provide unprecedented spatial detail for galaxies in the high-redshift universe. Here, we leverage the resolution and depth of the JWST Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey (CEERS) data in the Extended Groth Strip (EGS) to perform pixel-level morphological classifications of galaxies in JWST F150W imaging using the Morpheus deep learning framework for astronomical image analysis. By cross-referencing with existing photometric redshift catalogs from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) CANDELS survey, we show that JWST images indicate the emergence of disk morphologies before z~2 and with candidates appearing as early as z~5. By modeling the light profile of each object and accounting for the JWST point-spread function, we find the high-redshift disk candidates have exponential surface brightness profiles with an average Sersic (1968) index n=1.04 and >90% displaying "disky" profiles (n, Submitted to AAS Journals

Published
2022

44. Variations in Observations of Geosynchronous Magnetopause and Last Closed Drift Shell Crossings with Magnetic Local Time

Author

Daggitt, TA, Horne, RB, Glauert, SA, Del Zanna, G, Freeman, MP, Daggitt, TA [0000-0002-3021-8890], Horne, RB [0000-0002-0412-6407], Glauert, SA [0000-0003-0149-8608], Freeman, MP [0000-0002-8653-8279], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Magnetic storms and substorms, Atmospheric Science, Space weather, SOLAR PHYSICS, ASTROPHYSICS, AND ASTRONOMY, 5109 Space Sciences, NATURAL HAZARDS, MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS, Space radiation environment, Models, Magnetic storms, Coronal mass ejections, INTERPLANETARY PHYSICS, 51 Physical Sciences, Research Article
Abstract

We analyze a set of events in which both electron flux dropouts caused by magnetopause shadowing and geosynchronous magnetopause crossings (GMCs) are observed. These observations are compared to event‐specific last closed drift shell (LCDS) models derived from the TS05 and TS07 external field models and magnetopause standoff distance. The LCDS models show good association with losses due to magnetopause shadowing but fail to reproduce observations of GMCs on the timescale of minutes. We show that different satellites in geostationary orbit observe different trends in electron flux during storm events on timescales of less than a day due to their separation in longitude. These differences demonstrate that both satellite L* and magnetic local time must be taken into account when modeling rapid variations in the outer radiation belt, and at least three satellites in geostationary orbit, ideally more, may be required for accurate forecasting and reconstruction of these events on timescales shorter than days.

Published
2022

45. Detection of companion galaxies around hot dust-obscured hyper-luminous galaxy W0410-0913

Author

Ginolfi, M, Piconcelli, E, Zappacosta, L, Jones, GC, Pentericci, L, Maiolino, R, Travascio, A, Menci, N, Carniani, S, Rizzo, F, Arrigoni Battaia, F, Cantalupo, S, De Breuck, C, Graziani, L, Knudsen, K, Laursen, P, Mainieri, V, Schneider, R, Stanley, F, Valiante, R, Verhamme, A, Ginolfi, M [0000-0002-9122-1700], Piconcelli, E [0000-0001-9095-2782], Jones, GC [0000-0002-0267-9024], Maiolino, R [0000-0002-4985-3819], Menci, N [0000-0002-4096-2680], Rizzo, F [0000-0001-9705-2461], Arrigoni Battaia, F [0000-0002-4770-6137], De Breuck, C [0000-0002-6637-3315], Graziani, L [0000-0002-9231-1505], Knudsen, K [0000-0002-7821-8873], Laursen, P [0000-0003-4207-0245], Valiante, R [0000-0003-3050-1765], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Ginolfi, M, Piconcelli, E, Zappacosta, L, Jones, G C, Pentericci, L, Maiolino, R, Travascio, A, Menci, N, Carniani, S, Rizzo, F, Arrigoni Battaia, F, Cantalupo, S, De Breuck, C, Graziani, L, Knudsen, K, Laursen, P, Mainieri, V, Schneider, R, Stanley, F, Valiante, R, Verhamme, A, and Jones, G

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), article, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 639/33/34/865, General Chemistry, 5109 Space Sciences, 639/33/34/863, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxie, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), 639/33/34/4120, 51 Physical Sciences, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The phase transition between galaxies and quasars is often identified with the rare population of hyper-luminous, hot dust-obscured galaxies. Galaxy formation models predict these systems to grow via mergers, that can deliver large amounts of gas toward their centers, induce intense bursts of star formation and feed their supermassive black holes. Here we report the detection of 24 galaxies emitting Lyman-alpha emission on projected physical scales of about 400 kpc around the hyper-luminous hot dust-obscured galaxy W0410-0913, at redshift z = 3.631, using Very Large Telescope observations. While this indicates that W0410-0913 evolves in a very dense environment, we do not find clear signs of mergers that could sustain its growth. Data suggest that if mergers occurred, as models expect, these would involve less massive satellites, with only a moderate impact on the internal interstellar medium of W0410-0913, which is sustained by a rotationally-supported fast-rotating molecular disk, as Atacama Large Millimeter Array observations suggest., 26 pages, 12 figures, 1 table. Authors' version. Published in Nature Communications on 05 August 2022

Published
2022

46. 50 Years in Space Science

Author

Charles F. Kennel, Kennel, Charles F [0000-0001-5997-7201], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Geography, Planning and Development, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

These are my personal recollections of my 50‐year involvement in planning NASA space projects, including the Voyager Missions, The Hubble Space Telescope, the International Space Station, the Space Shuttle, the Falcon Space X launcher, and the James Webb Space Telescope.

Published
2022

47. 50 Years in Space Science

Author

Kennel, Charles F

Subjects
5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences
Abstract

These are my personal recollections of my 50‐year involvement in planning NASA space projects, including the Voyager Missions, The Hubble Space Telescope, the International Space Station, the Space Shuttle, the Falcon Space X launcher, and the James Webb Space Telescope.

Published
2022
Full Text
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48. Revealing the Drag Instability in One-fluid Nonideal Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of a 1D Isothermal C-shock

Author

Gu, PG, Chen, CY, Shen, E, Yen, CC, Lin, MK, Gu, PG [0000-0002-5067-4017], Chen, CY [0000-0002-9209-7916], Yen, CC [0000-0001-5674-5309], Lin, MK [0000-0002-8597-4386], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
5101 Astronomical Sciences, 5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics
Abstract

C-type shocks are believed to be ubiquitous in turbulent molecular clouds thanks to ambipolar diffusion. We investigate whether the drag instability in 1D isothermal C-shocks, inferred from the local linear theory of Gu & Chen, can appear in nonideal magnetohydrodynamic simulations. Two C-shock models (with narrow and broad steady-state shock widths) are considered to represent the typical environment of star-forming clouds. The ionization-recombination equilibrium is adopted for the one-fluid approach. In the 1D simulation, the inflow gas is continuously perturbed by a sinusoidal density fluctuation with a constant frequency. The perturbations clearly grow after entering the C-shock region until they start being damped at the transition to the post-shock region. We show that the profiles of a predominant Fourier mode extracted locally from the simulated growing perturbation match those of the growing mode derived from the linear analysis. Moreover, the local growth rate and wave frequency derived from the predominant mode generally agree with those from the linear theory. Therefore, we confirm the presence of the drag instability in simulated 1D isothermal C-shocks. We also explore the nonlinear behavior of the instability by imposing larger-amplitude perturbations to the simulation. We find that the drag instability is subject to wave steepening, leading to saturated perturbation growth. Issues concerning local analysis, nonlinear effects, one-fluid approach, and astrophysical applications are discussed.

Published
2022

49. The Disk Wind in GRS 1915+105 as Seen by Insight-Hard X-Ray Modulation Telescope

Author

Honghui Liu, Yuhan Fu, Cosimo Bambi, Jiachen Jiang, Michael L. Parker, Long Ji, Lingda Kong, Liang Zhang, Shu Zhang, Yuexin Zhang, Astronomy, Parker, Michael [0000-0002-8466-7317], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
5101 Astronomical Sciences, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 7 Affordable and Clean Energy, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

We analyze three observations of GRS 1915+105 in 2017 by Insight–Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope when the source was in a spectrally soft state. We find strong absorption lines from highly ionized iron, which are due to absorption by disk wind outflowing at a velocity of ∼1000 km s−1 along our line of sight. Two of the three observations show large amplitude oscillation in their light curves and the variation pattern corresponds to state κ of GRS 1915+105. From time-averaged and flux-resolved analysis, we find that the variation in the ionization state of the disk wind follows the X-ray continuum on timescales from hundreds of seconds to months. The radial location of the disk wind is consistent with thermal driving. The mass-loss rate due to the outflowing wind is comparable to the mass accretion rate in the inner disk, which demonstrates the important role of the disk wind in the disk accretion system.

Published
2022

50. The Privileged Life of a Theoretical Observer

Author

Gough, Douglas, Gough, Douglas [0000-0002-6086-2636], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Space and Planetary Science, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, Memoirs, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences
Abstract

This is a summary of my scientific career, biased by my personal view of events and unashamedly concentrating on those aspects of some of the scientific developments to which I have contributed. A selective unbiased alternative has been written by Christensen-Dalsgaard and Thompson (A selective overview. In: Thompson, M.J., Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. (Eds.) Stellar Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, pp. 1 – 19, 2003), followed by some further remarks by Christensen-Dalsgaard (Unsolved Problems in Stellar Physics: A Conference in Honour of Douglas Gough, American Institute of Physics Conference Series, 948, xii, 2007).

Published
2022

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