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目的 评估成人烟雾病患者的认知水平及其在长期随访中的变化，并探讨成人烟雾病患者认知功能下降的影响因素。 方法 采用前瞻性队列研究设计，连续纳入2015年1月—2016年6月海军军医大学第一附属医院脑血管病中心收治的成人烟雾病患者64例，其中42例接受血流重建术（联合血流重建术16例、间接血流重建术26例）治疗，22例未接受手术治疗。收集所有患者的基线资料，并使用MoCA评估患者基线、短期[（6±1）个月]随访、长期[（10±1）年]随访时的认知功能，采用9条目患者健康问卷（patient health questionnaire-9，PHQ-9）和7条目广泛性焦虑障碍（generalized anxiety disorder-7-item，GAD-7）量表评估患者的情绪状态。分析所有患者以及接受不同治疗患者在短期随访和长期随访中的认知功能和情绪状态变化。采用可靠变化指数（reliable change index，RCI）判断是否存在功能下降，计算公式为RCIMoCA=（X2-X1）/标准差（standard deviation，SD），将RCIMoCA＜-1定义为认知功能下降。采用二元logistic回归模型探讨成人烟雾病患者长期认知功能下降的独立影响因素。 结果 共53例患者完成长期随访，其中接受联合血流重建术治疗患者13例，接受间接血流重建术治疗患者22例，未接受手术者18例。整体人群3个随访时期MoCA评分趋于稳定（P=0.694）：接受联合血流重建术[21（18～25）分 vs. 19（17～24）分，P=0.035]和间接血流重建术[20（17～22）分 vs. 19（16～22）分，P=0.047]治疗的患者短期随访MoCA评分有改善，但长期随访相对基线趋于稳定；未手术患者短期随访MoCA评分无明显下降，长期随访较基线有下降[（15（11～24）分 vs. 18（14～26）分，P=0.039]。随着时间的延长，成人烟雾病患者的认知功能恶化有加重趋势，而焦虑、抑郁状态有好转趋势。长期随访认知功能下降组与未下降组之间的手术治疗比例差异有统计学意义（P=0.037），但logistic回归分析未发现手术治疗是其独立影响因素（P＞0.05）。 结论 在长期随访中，成人烟雾病患者认知功能大致保持稳定，焦虑、抑郁状态趋于好转。血流重建术可能对维持长期认知稳定有积极作用，但仍需扩大样本量进一步明确。 Abstract: Objective To assess the cognitive function of adult patients with Moyamoya disease (MMD) and the changes during long-term follow-up, and to explore the influencing factors of cognitive decline in adult patients with MMD. Methods A prospective cohort study was used to continuously include 64 adult patients with MMD admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from January 2015 to June 2016, of whom 42 patients underwent revascularization (16 patients underwent combined revascularization and 26 patients underwent indirect revascularization), and 22 patients did not receive surgical treatment. Baseline characteristics of all patients were collected, and cognitive function was assessed by the MoCA at baseline, short-term [(6±1) months] follow-up, and long-term [(10±1) years] follow-up. Emotional status was assessed by patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and generalized anxiety disorder-7-item (GAD-7). The changes in cognitive function and emotional status were analyzed in all patients, as well as in patients receiving different treatment approaches, during short- and long-term follow-ups. The reliable change index (RCI) was used to determine whether there was a decline in function with the following formula: RCIMoCA= (X2-X1) /standard deviation (SD). It was defined as cognitive decline when RCIMoCA＜-1. The binary logistic regression model was used to explore the independent influencing factors of long-term cognitive decline in adult patients with MMD. Results A total of 53 patients completed the long-term follow-up, including 13 patients who underwent combined revascularization, 22 patients who underwent indirect revascularization, and 18 patients who did not undergo surgery. The MoCA scores of the overall population tended to stabilize during the long-term follow-up period (P=0.694). Patients who underwent combined revascularization [21 (18-25) points vs. 19 (17-24) points, P=0.035] and indirect revascularization [20 (17-22) points vs. 19 (16-22) points, P=0.047] showed improvement in MoCA scores at short-term follow-up, but tended to stabilize relative to baseline at long-term follow-up. There was no significant decrease in MoCA scores in patients who did not undergo surgery at short-term follow-up, but there was a decrease in MoCA scores compared with baseline at long-term follow-up [15 (11-24) points vs. 18 (14-26) points, P=0.039]. Over time, the cognitive function of adult patients with MMD tended to worsen, while the anxiety and depression status tended to improve. There was a significant difference in the proportion of surgical treatment between the two groups with and without cognitive decline during the long-term follow-up (P=0.037), but logistic regression did not find it as an independent influencing factor (P>0.05). Conclusions During long-term follow-up, the cognitive function of adult patients with MMD generally remain stable, and the anxiety and depression status tends to improve. Revascularization may have a positive effect on maintaining long-term cognitive stability, and future studies with larger sample sizes are needed.

交叉性小脑神经机能联系不能（crossed cerebellar diaschisis，CCD）是指当一侧大脑半球发生病变时，病灶对侧小脑半球出现血流量减少、葡萄糖氧化代谢水平下降的功能障碍，严重时甚至可能出现交叉性小脑萎缩的现象。CCD在临床工作中易被忽略或误诊。本文报告1例因左侧幕上脑梗死出现CCD导致左侧肢体共济失调以及认知功能障碍加重的病例，通过文献综述，阐明CCD的发生机制、临床特点及影响因素，为临床提供借鉴。 Abstract: The crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) is a condition characterised by reduced blood flow and decreased oxidative metabolism of glucose in the contralateral cerebellar hemisphere following a lesion in one cerebral hemisphere, potentially resulting in crossed cerebellar atrophy in severe cases. It is easy to be overlooked or misdiagnosed in clinical practice. This paper presents a case of ataxia on the left side and worsening cognitive dysfunction resulting from left supratentorial cerebral infarction-induced CCD. The pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, and influencing factors of CCD were elucidated through the literature review to provide references for clinical practice.

In order to predict the life of the auxiliary bearing in the design stage, it is crucial to calculate the friction heating power of the auxiliary bearing during the rotor drop process. In many cases, the auxiliary bearing has no lubrication or only solid lubrication. Therefore, the local method was chosen to calculate the friction power, focusing on analyzing the rolling elastic hysteresis power between the ball and raceway, the spin power of the ball and the differential sliding power between the ball and raceway. The calculation formulas of these powers were provided in this paper, along with the derivation of an analytical formula for the differential sliding power, which facilitates practical applications. These formulas are based on the quasi-static analysis and the raceway control theory. When the rotation speed of the inner ring of the auxiliary bearing, the radial force acting on the auxiliary bearing and the axial preloading force are all known, the friction heating power of the auxiliary bearing can be calculated by these formulas. The free drop experiment of an electromagnetic bearing high-speed motor without braking was carried out to test the calculation, under 3 000, 5 400, and 6 600 r/min. The rotor axis trajectory and the horizontal and vertical impact force acting on the auxiliary bearing were measured. The rotation speed of the inner ring of the auxiliary bearing was assumed to be the same as the speed of the rotor, calculated by the rotor axis trajectory. The radial force acting on the auxiliary bearing was calculated based on the horizontal and vertical impact force. The axial preloading force, which is about 410 N in this paper, was determined by the experimental data under 3 000 r/min with the method of trial calculation. With these parameters, the friction heating power of the auxiliary bearing was calculated, and compared with the change rate of the kinetic energy of the rotor observed in the experiment. It is found that the heating power calculated by the local method is approximately equivalent to the change rate of the kinetic energy, which proves the feasibility of the theoretical calculation. During the drop process of a non-lubricated auxiliary bearing, the spin of the ball generates the most heat, followed by the differential sliding between the ball and the raceway. The sum of the two accounts for the main part of the total heat, and the rolling elastic hysteresis between the ball and the raceway generates less heat.

To address the need for rapid acquisition of gamma radiation field information in nuclear facility sites and digital radiation protection systems, simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) technology was combined with gamma dose detection technology in this paper. This combination aims to solve the problem of efficiently measuring gamma dose rate radiation fields in indoor scenarios while ensuring compatibility with digital systems. The study leverages the characteristics of scene sensors, focusing on visual SLAM (VSLAM) algorithms and methods for synchronizing and locating radiation measurement data using an RGBD camera. A gamma dose rate measurement device based on VSLAM was developed, employing an RGBD camera to capture the device motion trajectory and scene information. The gamma dose rate data was temporally and spatially matched with the trajectory test data by utilizing timestamps and the integral path midpoint method. This approach ensures precise synchronization between the spatial data from the VSLAM system and the temporal data from the gamma dose measurements. The quality of the scene point cloud, the accuracy of trajectory localization, and the performance of the gamma dose rate detection module were thoroughly tested. The measurement efficiency, localization accuracy, and compatibility with digital systems were analyzed at the experiments conducted at a nuclear facility site. The results show that more than 80% of the VSLAM scene point cloud matches the reference point cloud with a nearest neighbor distance of less than 0.2 m. This high level of accuracy in point cloud matching indicates that the VSLAM system can reliably reconstruct the 3D environment of the nuclear facility. The average matching distance between the measured trajectory and the motion capture system trajectory is 4.2 cm, with a standard deviation of 0.4 m. This demonstrates the high precision of the trajectory localization achieved by the VSLAM system. Within a dose rate range of 20 μGy/h to 20 mGy/h, the relative error in dose rate measurement is less than ±5%, indicating the reliability of the gamma dose detection module. Compared to traditional measurement methods, the new method improves the measurement efficiency of radiation dose rate fields by 10 times. This significant enhancement in efficiency can greatly reduce the time and effort required for radiation monitoring in nuclear facilities. The average matching distance between the measured trajectory and traditional tracking equipment (total station) was 18 cm, further validating the accuracy of the SLAM-based approach. Integration with digital systems achieves 3D spatial interpolation of radiation fields, with a single gamma source localization error of less than 0.8 m. This integration allows for a comprehensive visualization and analysis of radiation fields, facilitating better decision-making for radiation protection and safety. The developed VSLAM gamma dose rate measurement method and corresponding device offer high measurement efficiency, accurate localization, and good compatibility with digital systems, indicating a broad application prospect in the field of nuclear safety and radiation protection.

为了推动甘肃省油菜产业高质量发展，从油菜种植面积、油菜籽产量、油菜生产机械化程度、主栽品种类型和主推技术等方面分析了甘肃省油菜生产现状，分析了甘肃省油菜生产中存在的问题，并提出了对策。甘肃省油菜生产存在油菜品种搭配不合理，机械化生产技术与装备落后，绿色生产技术研发、应用不够和油料加工业发展滞后等突出问题。为此，提出了加强政策扶持，引导和推动规模种植，加强适宜机械化收获品种的选育，加快研制和筛选油菜机械化装备，发展产业基础性研究，以及培育加工龙头企业等建议。In order to promote the high-quality development of rapeseed industry in Gansu Province, the status of rapeseed production in Gansu Province was analyzed from the aspects of rapeseed planting area, rapeseed yield, mechanization degree of rapeseed production, main varieties and main promotion technology. The problems in rapeseed production in Gansu Province were analyzed, and the countermeasures were put forward. There were some outstanding problems in rapeseed production in Gansu Province, such as unreasonable collocation of rapeseed varieties, backward mechanized production technology and equipment, insufficient research and application of green production technology, and lagging development of oilseed processing industry. Therefore, some suggestions were put forward, such as strengthening policy support, guiding and promoting large-scale planting, strengthening the breeding of varieties suitable for mechanized harvesting, accelerating the development and screening of mechanized equipment for rapeseed, developing basic research of industry, and cultivating leading enterprises in processing.

DTDC的设计和操作关系到工厂管理的安全、环保和能源消耗，在保证豆粕质量的前提下，降低DT的蒸汽消耗和降低豆粕的残溶是关键。论述了DTDC的预脱溶层、脱溶层、干燥层和冷却层的结构及关键操作参数设置，改进的DT功能性结构部件，DT的关键控制点、控制点及关键安全装置控制参数，另外论述了降低豆粕残溶及节能的措施。生产实践中，适度增加预脱溶盘数量，控制气相温度在68~70 ℃,保持脱溶层总料层高度不小于3.4 m,改进脱溶层逆流盘透气孔、搅拌叶、料位和落料控制机构和直接蒸汽喷孔，控制层料之间的压力降，延长蒸脱时间至45~55 min,经脱溶后，美国大豆豆粕和巴西大豆豆粕的残溶分别在50~80 mg/kg、 100~150 mg/kg，溶耗分别在0.3 kg/t和0.5 kg/t，KOH蛋白质溶解度分别在84%和80%~82%，尿素酶活性等指标合格，压榨厂蒸汽消耗控制在170~190 kg/t。The design and operation of DTDC is related to the safety, environmental protection and energy consumption of plant management, and it is critical to reduce the steam consumption of DT and reduce the residual solvent of soybean meal under the premise of ensuring the quality of soybean meal.The structure and key operating parameters of pre-desolventization layer, desolventization layer, drying layer and cooling layer of DTDC, improved DT functional structural components, DT key control points, control points and key safety device control parameters were discussed. Measures for reducing the residual solvent of soybean meal and energy consumption were introduced. In production practice, moderately increasing the number of pre-stripping discs, controlling the gas-phase temperature at 68-70 ℃, keeping the total material layer height of the desolventization layer not lower than 3.4 m, improving the desolventization layer countercurrent disc ventilation holes, stirring blades, level of material and material control mechanism and direct steam injection holes, controlling the pressure drop between the layers of material, prolonging the steaming time to 45-55 min. After desolventization, in US soybean meal and Brazilian soybean meal, the residual solvent were 50-80 mg/kg and 100-150 mg/kg, solvent consumption were 0.3 kg/t and 0.5 kg/t, KOH protein solubility were 84% and 80%-82%, respectively, urease activity and other indicators of soybean meal were qualified, and steam consumption in the pressing plant was controllled in 170-190 kg/t.

为了降低高温棉籽粕中游离棉酚的含量，促进其在畜禽饲料和水产饲料上的应用，总结了高温棉籽粕的生产工艺改进情况及实际生产过程中的问题及其解决方法。结合实际生产，在高温棉籽粕的生产工艺的预处理工序中调整壳仁分离和筛分工序，在光籽剥壳前增加风力清籽机、自卸式磁选器和蛛网式除尘机组等设备，调整阶梯筛各层筛网孔经，并将平面回转筛改为旋振筛，筛分后物料经软化、蒸炒和膨化工序，箱链式浸出器浸出脱脂以及控制蒸脱工序蒸汽量脱溶，保证高温棉籽粕产品的质量，同时控制膨化进料水分在9%~10%，建立提前质量预警机制。经工艺改进后，高温棉籽粕的游离棉酚含量可稳定控制在800 mg/kg以下，产品质量得到明显提高。In order to reduce the content of free gossypol of high-temperature cottonseed meal and promote its application in livestock and poultry feed and aquafeed, the improvement of the production process of high-temperature cottonseed meal and the problem and its solution in the actual production process were introduced. Combined with the actual production, in the high-temperature cottonseed meal production process of the pretreatment process shell-kernel separation and screening process was adjusted, before the bare seed shelling adding wind power seed cleaning machine, self-unloading magnetic separator and spider mesh dust removal unit and other equipments, and adjusting the mesh size of riffle screen, using rotary vibration sieve stead of plane rotary sieve, and after screening, the material was softened, stir-fried and extruded, then defatted by box-chain extractor as well as removed solvent by controlling of the steam to ensure the quality of the high-temperature cottonseed meal. In addition, the feed moisture of extruding was controlled at 9%-10%, and an early quality warning mechanism was established. After the improvement of the process, the content of free gossypol in high-temperature cottonseed meal can be stably controlled below 800 mg/kg, and the quality of the product has been significantly improved.

为了调查市售植物油中氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯污染情况并为市场监管和行业质量提升提供技术依据，采用13C同位素稀释-气相色谱-串联质谱法，对市售13种共48批次植物油样品中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇（3-MCPD）酯、2-氯-1,3-丙二醇（2-MCPD）酯和缩水甘油酯含量进行检测，采用气相色谱-质谱法对植物油中豆甾二烯含量进行检测，分析氯丙醇酯、缩水甘油酯和豆甾二烯含量之间的相关性，并考察精炼工序（脱色、脱臭）对植物油中氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯含量的影响。结果表明：所采用的氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯检测方法平均回收率为102.0%~110.4%，相对标准偏差小于或等于11.10%，且该方法测试结果均为满意；39批次样品中3-MCPD酯含量超过100 μg/kg，范围为126~4 252 μg/kg，超过欧盟限量的有1批次，超标率为2.1%；32批次样品中2-MCPD酯含量超过100 μg/kg，范围为101~2 192 μg/kg；34批次样品中缩水甘油酯含量超过100 μg/kg，范围为109~4 593 μg/kg，超过欧盟限量的有6批次，超标率为12.5%；未精炼油脂（豆甾二烯含量小于01 mg/kg）中氯丙醇酯与缩水甘油酯含量均在定量限（100 μg/kg）以下；3-MCPD酯含量与2-MCPD酯含量之间具有明显的相关性，而与缩水甘油酯、豆甾二烯含量之间不具有相关性，缩水甘油酯含量与豆甾二烯含量之间同样不具有相关性；精炼过程，特别是脱臭过程会导致氯丙醇酯与缩水甘油酯的产生。综上，市售植物油中缩水甘油酯污染情况相对较为严重，其污染原因与植物油精炼过程有关，需要引起重视。In order to investigate the pollution of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters in commercially available vegetable oils and to provide technical basis for market regulation and quality improvement of the industry, 13C isotope dilution-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method was used to analyse the contents of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) esters, 2-chloro-1,3-propanediol (2-MCPD) esters and glycidyl esters in a total of 48 batches of 13 types of vegetable oils available in the market, stigmastadiene content was measured by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the correlation between chloropropanol esters, glycidyl esters and stigmastadiene contents, and the effects of refining processes (bleaching and deodorization) on the contents of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters were investigated. The results showed that the average recoveries of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters were 102.0%-110.4% with the relative standard deviations (RSD) less than or equal to 11.10%, and the results of this method were satisfactory. The content of 3-MCPD esters in 39 batches exceeded 100 μg/kg, ranging from 126 μg/kg to 4 252 μg/kg and one batch exceeded the EU limit, with an exceeding rate of 2.1%. The content of 2-MCPD esters in 32 batches exceeded 100 μg/kg, ranging from 101 μg/kg to 2 192 μg/kg. The content of glycidyl esters in 34 batches exceeded 100 μg/kg, ranging from 109 μg/kg to 4 593 μg/kg, and 6 batches exceeded the EU limit, with an exceeding rate of 12.5%. The contents of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters in unrefined oils (with a content of stigmastadiene less than 0.1 mg/kg) were both below the limit of quantification (100 μg/kg). There was a significant correlation between 3-MCPD esters content and 2-MCPD esters content while there was no correlation between 3-MCPD esters content, glycidyl esters content and stigmastadiene content, and no correlation between glycidyl esters content and stigmastadiene content. The refining process, especially the deodorization process, led to the production of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters. In conclusion, the pollution of glycidyl esters in vegetable oils on the market is relatively serious, and the cause of pollution is related to the refining process of vegetable oils, which needs to be paid attention to.

为进一步提高莱茵衣藻的生物量和油脂含量，在前期已明确最佳碳氮水平的基础上，通过分析不同磷水平下莱茵衣藻生物量、油脂含量、叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量、油脂脂肪酸组成及含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量等指标的变化，探究高碳低氮条件下培养基中磷水平（0P、1/8P、1/4P、 2/4P、4/4P、5/4P）对该藻生长及油脂积累的影响。结果表明：随着培养基中磷水平的增加，莱茵衣藻生物量、油脂含量和油脂产率呈先增加后降低的趋势，培养5 d，磷水平1/8P时的生物量、油脂含量和油脂产率最高，分别为2.27 g/L、43.35%和191.31 mg/（L·d)，分别比0P时提高9155%、13.09%和123倍；培养5 d，磷水平5/4P时叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量最高，分别达到515 mg/L和3.46 mg/L，分别比0P时高230倍和0.65倍;当磷水平为1/8P～5/4P时，莱茵衣藻油中各脂肪酸含量总体差异不显著，但其多不饱和脂肪酸含量均显著低于0P时的，饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸含量则显著高于0P时的；随培养基中磷水平的增加，可溶性糖含量呈上升趋势，而可溶性蛋白含量呈降低趋势。综上，在高碳低氮条件下，与常规磷水平培养基培养相比，适当降低培养基中磷水平可进一步提高莱茵衣藻的生物量和油脂含量，同时获得较高的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量。To further increase the biomass and oil content of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, based on the optimized carbon and nitrogen levels in previous research, the effects of various phosphorus(P) levels(0P, 1/8P, 1/4P, 2/4P, 4/4P, 5/4P) on the growth and oil accumulation were investigated under high carbon and low nitrogen conditions by analyzing the changes of biomass, oil content, fatty acid composition and content of oil, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents, as well as soluble sugar and soluble protein contents. The results showed that the biomass, oil content and oil productivity of C. reinhardtii tended to increase and then decrease with the increase of P levels. The algal cells cultured for 5 d under 1/8P treatment displayed the highest biomass, oil content, and oil productivity of 2.27 g/L, 43.35%, and 191.31 mg/(L·d), which improved by 91.55%, 1309%, and 1.23 times in contrast with the 0P treatment, respectively. The maximal contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were achieved at 5/4P, with values of 5.15 mg/L and 3.46 mg/L, respectively. These values were 230 times and 0.65 times higher than those of 0P, respectively. When P levels ranged from 1/8P to 5/4P, the differences in the percentage of each fatty acid in the oil of C. reinhardtii were non-significant, but polyunsaturated fatty acid content were remarkably lower than those of the cultures grown in the 0P substrate. Meanwhile, the content of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were obviously higher than those in the 0P treatment. In addition, the increase in P levels was accompanied by a marked enhancement in soluble sugar content, while soluble protein levels declined. In conclusion, under high carbon and low nitrogen conditions, the biomass and oil content of C. reinhardtii can be further increased by reasonably lowering the P level in the medium compared with the cultured cells in the conventional P levels, simultaneously obtaining higher soluble sugar and soluble protein contents.

为提高低温压榨菜籽饼的附加值和应用价值，采用石油醚对低温压榨菜籽饼进行脱脂，然后利用超声预处理分别辅助木瓜蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶直接酶解制备菜籽肽，通过单因素试验探究超声功率、超声时间及酶添加量对菜籽肽得率的影响，通过响应面法优化超声辅助酶解工艺条件，并对所得菜籽肽的组成、物理特性以及结构进行分析。结果表明：碱性蛋白酶酶解的菜籽肽得率高于木瓜蛋白酶的；最佳超声辅助碱性蛋白酶酶解工艺条件为酶添加量12 289.79 U/g、超声时间21.82 min、超声功率306.56 W，该条件下菜籽肽得率为55.19%；最佳条件下所得菜籽肽的分子质量范围为88.02~1 290.00 Da，其中9840%的菜籽肽分子质量小于500 Da，相较于未超声辅助酶解，所制备的菜籽肽氨基酸含量增加，粒径变小，Zeta电位绝对值变大，二级结构中α-螺旋和β-折叠含量增加，β-转角含量减少，二级结构更有序、稳定。综上，超声辅助酶法不使用有机溶剂，环境友好，且产品品质较好，可以用于高效提取菜籽肽。 To enhance the added value and application potential of low temperature pressed rapeseed cake, the low temperature pressed rapeseed cake was defatted with petroleum ether, then ultrasound pretreatment was employed to assist in the direct enzymatic hydrolysis using both papain and alkaline protease to prepare rapeseed peptides. Single-factor experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of ultrasound power, ultrasound time, and enzyme addition amount on the yield of rapeseed peptides, followed by optimization of process conditions using response surface methodology. The composition, physical properties and structure of the obtained rapeseed peptides were analyzed.The results indicated that the yield of rapeseed peptides obtained by alkaline protease hydrolysis was higher than that of papain. The optimal process conditions were alkaline protease addition amount 12 289.79 U/g, ultrasound time 21.82 min, and ultrasound power 306.56 W. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of rapeseed peptide was 55.19%, and the molecular weight of rapeseed peptides ranged from 88.02 Da to 1 290.00 Da, with 98.40% of rapeseed peptides less than 500 Da. Compared with the product without ultrasound assisted enzymatic treatment, the content of amino acid of rapeseed peptides increased, the particle size decreased, the absolute value of Zeta potential increased, α-helix and β-folding in the secondary structure increased, β-angle decreased, and the secondary structure was more orderly and stable. In conclusion, ultrasound assisted enzymatic methods does not use solvent, is environmentally friendly and has good product quality, and can be used for the efficient and direct extraction of rapeseed peptides.

为生产高品质的一级大豆油，以大豆原油为原料，采取深度酶法脱胶、预复脱色、填料塔和板式塔脱臭、双捕集器捕集工艺生产一级大豆油。对于磷含量600~800 mg/kg的大豆原油，采用磷脂酶C(PLC)、磷脂酶A1(PLA1)/磷脂酶A2(PLA2)脱胶，选用低酸性活性白土脱色，先进填料塔脱酸，再进8层板式塔脱除微量组分，脱臭条件为温度230~240 ℃（可调）、真空度100~150 Pa、时间100 min（可调），采取双捕集器分别捕集维生素E含量10%~12%、酸值（KOH)40~50 mg/g和维生素E含量低于1%、酸值（KOH)130~140 mg/g的馏出物。在该工艺条件下，一级大豆油3-氯丙醇酯含量678.9 μg/kg，2-氯丙醇酯含量310.3 μg/kg，缩水甘油酯含量860 μg/kg，反式脂肪酸含量0.886%，精炼得率提高2%左右。In order to produce high-quality first-grade soybean oil, with crude soybean oil as raw material, first-grade soybean oil was produced using deep enzymatic degumming, pre-decolorization, packed tower and plate tower deodorization, and double catchers processes. For crude soybean oil with phosphorus content of 600-800 mg/kg, PLC, PLA1/PLA2 were used for degumming, low acidic active clay was used for decolorization, packed tower was used for deacidification, and then an 8-layer plate tower was used for deodorizing microcomponent and the deodorization conditions were temperature 230-240 ℃ (adjustable), vacuum degree 100-150 Pa, and time 100 min (adjustable), and double catchers were used to capture distillates with VE content 10%-12% and acid value 40-50 mgKOH/g, and VE content less than 1% and acid value 130-140 mgKOH/g. Using this process, the contents of 3-chloropropanol ester, 2-chloropropanol ester, glycidyl ester and trans fatty acid in first-grade soybean oil were 678.9, 310.3, 860 μg/kg and 0.886%, respectively, and the refining yield increased by about 2%.

目的 评估脑心共患疾病在共治与分治两种模式下的卫生经济学效益，以确定更优的医疗策略，提高治疗效率与经济效益。 方法 本研究采用回顾性分析方法，收集2019年1月—2023年12月在首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院心血管内科、神经内科、神经外科、心血管外科和介入放射科等治疗的，符合中国疾病诊断相关分组（Chinese diagnosis related groups，CN-DRG）中神经系统疾病及功能障碍合并循环系统疾病及功能障碍患者的病历资料，记录患者的人口学特征、总住院天数、各类医疗费用以及病例组合指数（case mix index，CMI）和权重（relative weight，RW）。将患者分为共治组（一次住院期间对患者的脑心共患疾病进行统筹规划和综合治疗）与分治组（不同住院期间分别进行神经系统和心血管系统疾病的治疗），比较两组的基线特点及总住院天数、费用等经济学指标。 结果 共纳入442例患者数据。共治组总住院天数低于分治组（6 d vs. 14 d，P

目的 调查缺血性卒中患者服药依从性的影响因素。 方法 前瞻性连续纳入首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院国际部2022年6月—2023年12月的缺血性卒中住院患者。采用问卷调查收集患者的一般情况、服药依从性[采用Morisky服药依从性量表（Morisky medication adherence scale，MMAS）评估]、感知健康能力[采用中文版感知健康能力量表（perceived health competence scale，PHCS）评估]、卒中复发情况等信息。根据MMAS评分将患者分为依从性差（MMAS评分＜６分）组和中高依从性（MMAS评分≥6分）组。比较两组的人口学特点、临床特点和血管危险因素情况，并采用多因素logistic回归分析服药依从性的影响因素。 结果 共纳入缺血性卒中患者212例，平均年龄（59.9±5.9）岁，MMAS评分6（6～7）分，其中服药依从性差组41例（19.34%），中高依从性组171例（80.66%）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，初中及以下学历患者依从性差的风险是大专及以上学历患者的6.290倍（95%CI 1.912～20.689，P=0.002）；无配偶患者依从性差的风险是有配偶患者的4.172倍（95%CI 1.372～12.684，P=0.012）；无业患者依从性差的风险是在职患者的4.115倍（95%CI 1.326～12.773，P=0.014）；PHCS评分低水平的患者服药依从性差的风险是中等水平患者的2.190倍（95%CI 1.098～4.370，P=0.026）。中高依从性组患者出院后1个月（99.42% vs. 92.68%，P=0.004）、3个月（98.83% vs. 80.49%，P＜0.001）和6个月（98.25% vs. 75.61%，P＜0.001）的随访完成率均高于依从性差组；3个月（3.55% vs. 12.12%，P=0.038）、6个月（4.76% vs. 16.13%，P=0.019）的卒中复发率低于依从性差组。 结论 初中及以下学历、无配偶、无业、PHCS评分低的缺血性卒中患者服药依从性差的风险较高。护理人员应综合考虑患者的个体差异，制订并实施个体化的健康教育计划，以提高患者的服药依从性。 Abstract: Objective To investigate the influencing factors of medication adherence in ischemic stroke patients. Methods This prospective study consecutively included the ischemic stroke inpatients at the international department of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University from June 2022 to December 2023. A questionnaire was used to collect information on patients’ general information, medication adherence [evaluated by the Morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS)], perceived health competence [assessed by the perceived health competence scale (PHCS)], and stroke recurrence. The patients were divided into a poor adherence group (MMAS score

目的 探讨不同亚型脑白质高信号（white matter hyperintensity，WMH）及脑白质高信号半暗带（white matter hyperintensity penumbra，WMH-P）内血流灌注、微结构损伤与认知障碍的关系。 方法 前瞻性连续纳入2021年5月—2023年3月就诊于唐山市工人医院，WMH为改良Fazekas分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级的脑小血管病（cerebral small vessel disease，CSVD）患者，进行包括三维动脉自旋标记（three-dimensional arterial spin labeling，3D-ASL）、弥散峰度成像（diffusion kurtosis imaging，DKI）序列在内的3.0 T MRI扫描。分析患者深部脑白质高信号（deep white matter hyperintensity，DWMH）感兴趣区（region of interest，ROI）（界定为ROI1）及其WMH-P感兴趣区（内层为ROI1-1，外层为ROI1-2），脑室旁脑白质高信号（periventricular white matter hyperintensity，PVWMH）感兴趣区（界定为ROI2）及其WMH-P感兴趣区（内层为ROI2-1，外层为ROI2-2）内血流灌注指标——脑血流量（cerebral blood flow，CBF），以及反映微结构改变的指标——轴向扩散系数（axial diffusivity，AD）、平均扩散系数（mean diffusivity，MD）、径向扩散系数（radial diffusivity，RD）、轴向峰度（axial kurtosis，AK）、平均峰度（mean kurtosis，MK）、径向峰度（radial kurtosis，RK）、各向异性分数（fraction anisotropy，FA）。评估患者的认知功能，用Spearman相关分析计算不同亚型WMH（DWMH和PVWMH）及其WMH-P内上述反映血流灌注和微结构改变的指标与认知障碍严重程度的相关性。 结果 共纳入61例CSVD患者，平均年龄（61±1）岁。DWMH（ROI1）内RD值（r=0.296）与认知障碍严重程度呈正相关，MK值（r=－0.287）、RK值（r=－0.315）与认知障碍严重程度呈负相关；其WMH-P内AD值（ROI1-1：r=0.274；ROI1-2：r=0.261）、MD值（ROI1-1：r=0.370；ROI1-2：r=0.387）、RD值（ROI1-1： r=0.411；ROI1-2：r=0.430）与认知障碍严重程度呈正相关，AK值（ROI1-1：r=－0.270；ROI1-2： r=－0.297）、MK值（ROI1-1：r=－0.367；ROI1-2：r=－0.325）、RK值（ROI1-1：r=－0.379；ROI1-2： r=－0.309）、FA值（ROI1-1：r=－0.286；ROI1-2：r=－0.256）与认知障碍严重程度呈负相关。PVWMH（ROI2）内MK值（r=0.354）、RK值（r=0.293）与认知障碍严重程度呈正相关；其WMH-P内各微结构改变的指标与认知障碍严重程度的相关性均无统计学意义。WMH及WMH-P内CBF值与认知障碍严重程度的相关性均无统计学意义。 结论 CSVD患者DWMH及其WMH-P、PVWMH内微结构损伤与认知障碍存在弱相关性，但PVWMH周围WMH-P内的微结构与认知障碍无相关性；WMH及WMH-P内血流灌注与认知障碍无相关性。 Abstract: Objective To investigate the relationship between blood perfusion, microstructural damage that in different subtypes of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) and white matter hyperintensity penumbra (WMH-P), and cognitive impairment. Methods The patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) patients with the WMH rating of modified Fazekas grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ at Tangshan Gongren Hospital from May 2021 to March 2023 were included. The 3.0 T MRI scan [three-dimensional arterial spin labeling (3D-ASL), diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) sequences] were conducted on these patients. The blood perfusion index [cerebral blood flow (CBF)] and the indexes [axial diffusivity (AD), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), axial kurtosis (AK), mean kurtosis (MK), radial kurtosis (RK), and fraction anisotropy (FA)] reflecting the microstructural changes within the deep white matter hyperintensity (DWMH) region of interest (ROI1) and its WMH-P (ROI1-1 in the inner layer and ROI1-2 in the outer layer), as well as periventricular white matter hyperintensity (PVWMH) (ROI2) and its WMH-P (ROI2-1 in the inner layer and ROI2-2 in the outer layer) of patients were analyzed. The cognitive function of patients was analyzed. The Spearman correlation was used to analyze the relationship between the above indexes reflecting blood perfusion changes and microstructural changes in different subtypes of WMH (DWMH and PVWMH) and its corresponding WMH-P and the severity of cognitive impairment. Results A total of 61 patients with CSVD were included, with an average age of (61±1) years. The RD value (r=0.296) in DWMH (ROI1) was positively correlated with the severity of cognitive impairment, while the MK value (r=－0.287) and the RK value (r=－0.315) were negatively correlated with the severity of cognitive impairment. The values of AD (ROI1-1: r=0.274; ROI1-2: r=0.261), MD (ROI1-1: r=0.370; ROI1-2: r=0.387), and RD (ROI1-1: r=0.411; ROI1-2: r=0.430) in WMH-P were positively correlated with the severity of cognitive impairment, while the values of AK (ROI1-1: r=－0.270; ROI1-2: r=－0.297), MK (ROI1-1: r=－0.367; ROI1-2: r=－0.325), RK (ROI1-1: r=－0.379; ROI1-2: r=－0.309), and FA (ROI1-1: r=－0.286; ROI1-2: r=－0.256) were negatively correlated with the severity of cognitive impairment. The MK value (r=0.354) and RK value (r=0.293) in PVWMH were positively correlated with the severity of cognitive impairment. There was no significant correlation between the indexes that reflecting the changes of microstructures in WMH-P and cognitive impairment. The CBF values in WMH and WMH-P were not significantly correlated with the severity of cognitive impairment. Conclusions In CSVD patients, the microstructural damages of DWMH, WMH-P of DWMH, and PVWMH were weakly correlated with cognitive impairment, but the microstructure in WMH-P of PVWMH was not correlated with cognitive impairment. In addition, blood perfusion in WMH and WMH-P was not correlated with cognitive impairment.

目的 在立德树人视域下，根据“价值塑造、能力培养、知识传授”三位一体学生培养目标和职业核心能力要求，编制以脑血管病情景模拟案例为载体的教学效果评价问卷，并评价其信效度。 方法 采用访谈、专家函询等方法构建脑血管病情景模拟案例教学效果评价问卷。在山东第二医科大学2021级护理专业学生中随机抽取50名进行问卷填写和意见收集，进一步完善问卷。另外随机抽取130名学生进行正式问卷填写，并对问卷进行条目分析、效度和信度评价。 结果 本研究形成了脑血管病情景模拟案例教学效果评价问卷，该问卷包括能力培养、价值引领、案例编制3个维度，共25个条目。130份正式调查问卷中有125份为合格问卷，信效度检验显示：探索性因子分析提取3个公因子，累计方差贡献率为65.68%。问卷整体的Cronbach’α系数为0.914，能力培养、价值引领和案例编制维度的Cronbach’α系数分别为0.917、0.941和0.937。问卷具有良好的可靠性、稳定性。各维度得分与总分的相关系数r值在0.607～0.799之间。 结论 本研究形成的问卷具有良好的信效度，可以作为情景模拟案例教学效果的评价工具。 Abstract: Objective To compile a questionnaire for evaluating the teaching effects of cerebrovascular disease scenario simulation cases in accordance with the training objectives and occupational core competence requirements of students in the trinity of “value shaping, ability training and knowledge imparting” from the perspective of morality education. Methods Interviews and expert consultations were used to construct the evaluation questionnaire for cerebrovascular disease scenario simulation case teaching. Fifty nursing students in grade 2021 at Shandong Second Medical University were randomly selected to fill in the questionnaire, and their opinions were collected to the questionnaire. In addition, 130 students were randomly selected to complete a formal questionnaire. Then the questionnaire items were analyzed, and the validity and reliability were evaluated. Results In this study, a questionnaire was developed to evaluate the teaching effects of cerebrovascular disease scenario simulation cases, which included 25 items across three dimensions: ability cultivation, value guidance, and case compilation. A total of 125 out of the 130 formal questionnaires were qualified. The reliability and validity tests showed that three common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 65.68%. The Cronbach’α coefficient of the whole questionnaire was 0.914, and the Cronbach’α coefficients of the ability cultivation, value guidance and case compilation dimensions were respectively 0.917, 0.941 and 0.937, indicating good reliability and stability of the questionnaire. The correlation coefficient between each dimension score and the total score were 0.607-0.799. Conclusions The questionnaire developed in this study has good reliability and validity, and can be used as an evaluation tool for the teaching effects of scenario simulation cases.

旨在为米糠油适度加工提供数据支撑，对来自国内3个工厂的不同加工阶段米糠油的理化指标、组成、色泽和微量成分进行了测定。结果表明：A、B、C 3个工厂的米糠油在精炼后酸值（KOH）分别由24.22、18.95、17.21 mg/g降至0.15 mg/g以下，脂肪酸脱除率高达99%以上，过氧化值分别降至0.99、1.54、0.71 mmol/kg，精炼后米糠油酸值、过氧化值均达到GB/T 19112—2003中一级油标准；3个工厂的米糠油在加工过程中其游离脂肪酸含量变化趋势与酸值的变化趋势一致；精炼后米糠油甘一酯含量降低了58.9%~84.9%，主要在物理脱酸和脱臭时脱除，甘二酯含量变化不大，甘三酯含量增加了12.8%~23.9%；3个工厂米糠油脂肪酸组成在加工过程中没有明显变化；精炼后米糠油中叶绿素被有效脱除，色泽均达到国标一级油标准；米糠油的微量成分在加工过程中变化极大，其中谷维素出现明显的损失，损失率高达80.8%~94.1%，主要在化学脱酸时损失，甾醇损失率为21.2%~42.6%，主要在化学脱酸时损失，维生素E含量变化趋势存在差异，A工厂维生素E含量增加30.2%，B、C工厂维生素E损失率分别为31.7%、55.6%；角鲨烯损失率为659%~963%，主要发生在脱臭工序。综上，企业应根据自己的定位，合理调整精炼工序，优化精炼工艺参数，生产出符合企业追求的米糠油产品。Aiming to provide data support for the moderate processing of rice bran oil, the physicochemical indexes, composition, colour and trace components of rice bran oil at different processing stages from three different plants in China were determined. The results showed that the acid value of rice bran oil from three plants A, B and C after refining reduced from 24.22, 18.95 mgKOH/g and 17.21 mgKOH/g to less than 0.15 mgKOH/g respectively, and the fatty acid removal rate is more than 99%. The peroxide value was reduced to 0.99, 1.54 mmol/kg and 0.71 mmol/kg respectively. The acid value and the peroxide value of the refined rice bran oil reached the standard of first-grade oil in the GB/T 19112-2003. The change trend of free fatty acid content in rice bran oil in three plants was consistent with that of acid value. The monoglyceride content in rice bran oil decreased by 58.9%-84.9%, mainly removed in the physical deacidification and deodorization, the diglyceride content did not change much, and the triglyceride content increased by 128%-239%. The fatty acid composition of rice bran oil in the three plants did not change significantly during processing. After refining, chlorophyll in rice bran oil was effectively removed, and the colour reached the national standard of first-grade oil. The trace componens of rice bran oil changed greatly during processing, among which oryzanol appeared obvious loss, with the loss rate 80.8%-94.1%, mainly loss in chemical deacidification; sterol loss rate was 21.2%-42.6%, mainly loss in chemical deacidification; vitamin E changed differently, vitamin E content increased by 30.2% in plant A, but reduced by 31.7% and 55.6% in plant B and plant C respectivevly. The loss rate of squalene was 659%-96.3%, mainly occurred in the deodorization. To sum up, the enterprise should adjust the refining process reasonably according to its own position, optimize the refining parameters, and produce the rice bran oil products in line with the enterprise′s pursuit.

旨在寻找油茶果最佳采后处理方式，为其后续研究奠定基础，采用液相色谱-质谱联用法（LC-MS/MS）对油茶果采后不同处理〔不处理（F8）、堆沤处理（FC）、去壳摊晒（NS）、带壳摊晒（WS）〕10、30 d种仁代谢物进行测定，并用相关软件对代谢产物进行分析。结果表明：鉴定出1 107种特征代谢物，其中正离子模式和负离子模式下鉴定的代谢物数量分别为763种和344种，代谢物主要为脂类和类脂分子（277种），苯丙烷类和聚酮类（193种），有机酸及其衍生物（172种），类苯（97种），有机杂环化合物（94种），有机氧化合物（84种），核苷、核苷酸和类似物（33种）；通过比较差异代谢物不饱和脂肪酸发现，去壳摊晒处理30 d（NS2） vs 10 d（NS1）比较组中检测到亚油酸、顺式-9-十六碳烯酸、8（9）-环氧-5Z，11Z，14Z-二十碳三烯酸、亚麻酸、蓖麻油酸、9,10-环氧十八碳烯酸共6种不饱和脂肪酸，且都表达上调；对差异代谢物进行富集分析发现，主要参与的代谢途径有苯丙氨酸代谢、类黄酮生物合成、甘油磷脂代谢、甘油酯代谢、玉米素生物合成、植物次生代谢产物的生物合成、谷胱甘肽代谢、氨基酸的生物合成、次生代谢产物的生物合成。综上，油茶果采后最佳处理方式为去壳摊晒30 d。In order to find the optimal postharvest treatment of Camellia oleifera fruit, and lay the foundation for subsequent research, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine the metabolites of the kernels of different postharvest treatments of Camellia oleifera fruit 〔without treatment （F8）, composting treatment（FC） , sun dried without shell （NS）, and sun dried with shell（WS）〕 for 10 d and 30 d, and relevant software was used to analyze the metabolites. The results showed that a total of 1 107 characteristic metabolites were identified, with 763 and 344 metabolites identified in the positive and negative ion modes, respectively. The main metabolites were lipids and lipid-like molecules( 277 kinds), phenylpropanoids and polykettides (193 kinds), organic acids and derivatives(172 kinds), benzenoids (97 kinds), organoheterocyclic compounds (94 kinds), organic oxygen compounds (84 kinds), nucleosides, nucleotides and analogues(33 kinds). By comparison of the unsaturated fatty acid of differential metabolites, six unsaturated fatty acids, namely linoleic acid, cis-9-hexadecenoic acid, 8 (9) - epoxy-5Z, 11Z, 14Z-eicosatrienoic acid, linolenic acid, ricinolic acid, 9,10-epoxy-octadecenoic acid, were detected in 30 d (NS2) and 10 d (NS1) of the sun dried without shell treatment, and their expressions were up-regulated. The enrichment analysis of differential metabolites results showed that the main metabolic pathways included phenylalanine metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, glycerol phospholipid metabolism, glycerol ester metabolism, zeatin biosynthesis, plant secondary metabolites biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and secondary metabolites biosynthesis. Overall, the best postharvest treatment of Camellia oleifera fruit is sun dried without shell treatment for 30 d.

为保障公众饮食安全和促进废弃油脂资源的合理利用，通过相关文献的系统调研与全面分析，结合专家咨询与实地考察，系统分析我国废弃油脂回收利用技术发展现状、产业化竞争优势及面临的挑战，并提出产业化建议。我国对废弃油脂的回收利用技术研究与成果转化非常活跃，已形成产业化。我国废弃油脂回收利用产业化具有市场规模大、能源转型与环保需求高、国家政策支持等竞争优势，但目前仍存在废弃油脂集运、处理技术及管理水平低，加工技术与管理水平不足，产品质量与利用水平有待提升等问题。从建立企业认证规范，统筹废弃油脂回收监督，加快产业技术创新，激发公众主体意识等方面提出了产业化发展的建议。综上，我国废弃油脂回收利用产业发展前景广阔，但仍面临较大挑战，亟待政府、高校、企业及公众共同努力推动废弃油脂回收利用的产业化发展。To ensure public food safety and promote the rational utilization of waste oil resources, the development status, industrial competitive advantages, and challenges faced by China′s waste oil recycling and utilization technologies were systematically analyzed, and industrialization suggestions were provided through systematic literature review, expert consultations, and field investigations. China′s research and achievement transformation in waste oil recycling and utilization technologies are active, forming an industrialized scale. The industrialization of waste oil recycling and utilization in China has competitive advantages such as large market scale, high demand for energy transformation and environmental protection, and government policy support. However, challenges still exist, including low levels of waste oil collection, processing technology, and management, insufficient processing technology and management levels, and needing to improve product quality and utilization level. Suggestions for industrial development include establishing enterprise certification standards, coordinating waste oil recycling supervision, accelerating industrial technological innovation, and stimulating public awareness. In conclusion, the prospects for the industrial development of waste oil recycling and utilization in China are promising, but significant challenges remain. It is urgent for the government, universities, enterprises, and the public to jointly promote the industrialization of waste oil recycling and utilization.

为了促进亚麻籽的开发和利用，基于2013—2023年Web of Science核心合集数据源，采用CiteSpace软件的文献计量分析方法，对亚麻籽相关论文发表数量，主要发文国家、机构和作者，关键词共现，文献共被引进行了可视化分析，基于此归纳出亚麻籽的研究热点，并提出研究趋势。结果表明：2013—2023年，亚麻籽领域的年发表论文数量和被引频次总体均呈现先上升后下降的趋势；中国、印度和加拿大等国家发表论文数量最多；埃及知识库、加拿大农业与农业食品部和中国农业科学院等是主要的研究机构；邓乾春是该领域发表论文数量最多的作者，其次是Boaventura和Reaney；大多数研究集中在亚麻籽油、脂肪酸、亚麻籽油的质量和性能等方面。近年来，亚麻籽活性成分的研究以及功能性食品、药物、生物材料等开发成为新的热点。未来几年可以从亚麻籽在医药与保健品、化工和化妆品等领域中的应用，亚麻籽的安全性研究，亚麻籽产品质量稳定方面的研究，亚麻籽种质资源和种植的研究等进行深入探索。In order to promote the development and use of flaxseed, based on the data source of Web of Science Core Collection during 2013-2023, the bibliometric analysis method of CiteSpace software was used to analyze the number of publications, major issuing countries, institutions and authors, keyword co-occurrence, and literature co-citation of papers related to flaxseed were visualized and analyzed, based on this, the research hotspots of flaxseed were summarized, and the trends were analyzed. The results showed that from 2013 to 2023, the annual number of papers and citation frequency in the field of flaxseed showed an increasing and then decreasing trend overall.China, India, and Canada were the countries with the most published papers. Egyptian Knowledge Bank, Agriculture & Agric Food Canada, and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences were the major research institutions. Deng Qianchun was the author with the most published papers in this field, followed by Boaventura and Reaney. Most of the studies focused on flaxseed oil, fatty acids, quality and properties of flaxseed oil. In recent years, the study of active components of flaxseed and the development of functional foods, drugs and biomaterials have become new hotspots.The research in the next few years can be explored in depth from the application of flaxseed in the fields of medicine, health product, chemical industry, cosmetics and other fields, the safety of flaxseed, the stabilization of the quality of the product of flaxseed, the germplasm resources and cultivation of flaxseed.

旨在为大豆加工厂仓型选择提供参考，以仓容1.5万t的3 000 t/d的大豆加工厂为研究案例，对比分析了大豆粕混凝土立筒仓与机械化房式仓的进出仓工艺和设备，结合国内部分工厂的实际建设和运营数据，总结分析了两种仓型的占地面积、仓容利用率及投资运营费用等。结果表明，相较于混凝土立筒仓结合出仓机方案，机械化房式仓结合强力出仓机方案在控制大豆粕水分含量和存储风险方面具有一定优势，且每年能够节约26.56%的用电成本。以10年的运营期为计算基准，机械化房式仓结合强力出仓机的方案可降低46.2%（对应2 430万元）的费用现值。综上，机械化房式仓结合强力出仓机方案具有投资低、仓容利用率高、运行成本低、维修费用少、维修便利等优点，且物料分级少，品质有保障，可作为投资者的选项。In order to provide reference for the selection of warehouse types for soybean oil processing plants, taking a 3 000 t/d soybean processing plant with a storage capacity of 15 000 t as a case study, the process and equipment of soybean meal concrete vertical silo and mechanized warehouse were compared and analyzed, the floor area, warehouse capacity utilization rate and investment and operation expenses of the two warehouse types were summarized and analyzed based on the actual construction and operation data of some plants in China. The results showed that compared with the concrete vertical silo combined with reclaimer, the mechanized warehouse combined with powerful reclaimer had certain advantages in controlling the moisture content and storage risk of soybean meal, and could save 26.56% of the electricity cost per year. Based on the 10-year operation period, the solution of mechanized warehouse combined with powerful reclaimer could reduce the present value of expenses by 46.2% (corresponding to 24.3 million yuan). To sum up, the solution of mechanized warehouse combined with the powerful reclaimer has the advantages of low investment, high warehouse capacity utilization rate, low operating cost, less maintenance cost, convenient maintenance, etc. ， and less material classification, quality assurance, and it can be used as an option for investors.

近10年来，高场强MRI系统在医学领域的应用和研究不断深入，但其安装和扫描条件要求较高，运行成本昂贵，限制了其在基层医院的普及。相比之下，低场强（0.01～1.0 T）MRI虽然成本较低，但因其成像性能欠佳，也未能在临床实践中发挥更大的作用。随着技术的不断发展，目前低场强MRI有望实现类似于高场强MRI系统的各种应用，通过优化软件、硬件设计和技术革新，低场强MRI可以在保持成本经济、便于转运优势的同时提高信噪比，达到提高诊断性能，更广泛地应用于临床实际场景的目标。特别是在急重症诊断方面，低场强MRI有望成为脑血管疾病诊断和监测的重要工具之一。本文追溯了低场强MRI的发展历程，对其在神经系统疾病临床应用中的进展进行了综述，旨在为未来低场强MRI技术的发展探寻方向。 Abstract: In the past decade, the application and research of high-field MRI systems has deepened in the medical field. However, its installation and operating conditions are demanding, and its running cost is high, which limits its popularity in grassroots hospitals. In contrast, low-field (0.01-1.0 T) MRI, although relatively cheaper, has not been effective in clinical practice due to its poor performance. With the continuous development of technology, low-field MRI is now expected to achieve various applications similar to high-field MRI systems. Through software optimization, hardware design, and technical innovation, low-field MRI can improve the signal-to-noise ratio while maintaining the advantages of cost economy and easy transport, improve diagnostic performance, and be more widely used in practical clinical scenarios. Especially in critical illness diagnosis, low-field MRI is expected to become one of the important tools for the diagnosis and monitoring of cerebrovascular diseases. This paper reviewed the development of low-field MRI and its clinical application in neurological diseases, aiming to explore the future development direction of low-field MRI technology.

目的 探讨烟雾病患者CT灌注和DSA侧支代偿之间的相关性以及影响其大脑半球灌注的危险因素。 方法 研究纳入115例成年烟雾病患者，共230个大脑半球，收集其DSA和CT灌注数据。ASPECTS分区用于划分大脑区域，对达峰时间（time to peak，TTP）、平均通过时间（mean transit time，MTT）、脑血流量（cerebral blood flow，CBF）和脑血容量（cerebral blood volume，CBV）这4项灌注血流动力学指标进行评分，并对DSA显示的脑血管侧支代偿进行评分。对4项CT灌注血流动力学指标和DSA侧支代偿评分进行Spearman相关分析和多元线性回归分析。 结果 在115例烟雾病患者中，MTT评分（r=0.41，P

目的 初步探明以无卒中型烟雾病为代表的慢性脑缺血患者的睡眠质量及影响因素，分析睡眠质量与术后缺血症状和卒中的相关性。 方法 前瞻性纳入138例经影像学确认的无卒中型烟雾病患者，收集患者的性别、年龄、首发症状、合并基础疾病等临床资料。使用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表评估患者的术前睡眠质量，使用HAMD-17和MoCA分别评估患者的术前抑郁状态和认知功能。比较睡眠质量正常组和睡眠质量下降组患者的临床特征、认知功能与抑郁状态，使用多因素logistic回归分析影响患者睡眠质量的危险因素，并对接受脑血管重建术治疗的患者进行随访，分析两组患者术后缺血症状发作、卒中发生率的差异。 结果 共52例（37.7%）烟雾病患者存在睡眠质量下降。睡眠质量下降组患者较睡眠质量正常组具有更高的年龄（P=0.002）、更差的认知功能（P=0.017）和更明显的抑郁倾向（P=0.012）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，年龄（OR 1.05，95%CI 1.01～1.09，P=0.021）和HAMD-17评分（OR 1.11，95%CI 1.01～1.23，P=0.035）是患者睡眠质量下降的独立危险因素。在术后随访中，术前存在睡眠质量下降的患者有更高的缺血症状发生率（P=0.008）。两组患者术后新发卒中率差异无统计学意义。 结论 无卒中型烟雾病患者存在较高比例的睡眠障碍，且与患者术后缺血事件发生相关，在临床诊疗中应加强对烟雾病患者睡眠质量的评估和干预。 Abstract: Objective To explore the sleep quality and influencing factors in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia represented by Moyamoya disease without stroke, and analyze the correlation between sleep quality and postoperative ischemic symptoms and stroke. Methods A total of 138 Moyamoya disease patients without stroke confirmed by imaging were prospectively included, and clinical data including gender, age, initial symptoms, and comorbidities were collected. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale was used to assess the patient’s preoperative sleep quality, and the HAMD-17 and MoCA were used to evaluate preoperative depression status and cognitive function, respectively. Clinical characteristics, cognitive function, and depression status were compared between the normal sleep quality group and the decreased sleep quality group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors affecting patient’s sleep quality. Patients who underwent cerebral revascularization were followed up to determine the differences in the incidence of postoperative ischemic events and stroke between the normal and decreased sleep quality groups. Results A total of 52(37.7%) patients with Moyamoya disease experienced decreased sleep quality. Patients with decreased sleep quality were older (P=0.002), had poorer cognitive function (P=0.017), and exhibited more significant depressive tendencies (P=0.012) than those with normal sleep quality. Multivariate analysis suggested that age (OR 1.05, 95%CI 1.01-1.09, P=0.021) and HAMD-17 score (OR 1.11, 95%CI 1.01-1.23, P=0.035) were independent risk factors for decreased sleep quality. Additionally, during the postoperative follow-up, patients with a preoperative decrease in sleep quality had a higher incidence of ischemic symptoms (P=0.008). There was no significant difference in stroke recurrence rates between the two groups. Conclusions Patients with Moyamoya disease without stroke have a higher proportion of sleep disorders, which are associated with postoperative ischemic events, highlighting the need for enhanced assessment and intervention of sleep quality in clinical practice.

目的 探讨TG水平对社区高血压患者认知功能的影响。 方法 本研究为基于社区人群的前瞻性队列研究，研究对象为北京市昌平区北七家社区卫生服务中心辖区内40岁以上常住居民中的高血压患者。2015—2016年完成首次人口学、既往病史、实验室检查、认知功能评价（采用MoCA评估）等信息采集。随访7～8年，于2023年随访认知功能，以△MoCA（基线MoCA评分－随访MoCA评分）评估研究对象的认知功能下降情况。采用多因素线性回归探讨TG水平对认知功能下降的影响。 结果 研究共纳入338例患者，平均年龄为（59.1±6.8）岁，男性111例（32.8%）。TG水平与认知功能下降（△MoCA）呈正相关（β=0.172，P=0.025），且主要与视空间执行功能下降相关（β=0.152，P=0.045）。 结论 社区高血压患者TG水平升高与认知功能下降独立相关，且可能主要影响视空间执行功能。 Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of TG levels on cognitive function in community patients with hypertension. Methods This study was a prospective cohort study based on community population. The subjects were hypertensive over 40 years old in Beiqijia Community Health Service Center, Changping District, Beijing. The first collection of information on demographics, medical history, laboratory tests, and assessment of cognitive function (using the MoCA) was completed from 2015 to 2016. Cognitive function was reassessed in 2023 after a follow-up of 7-8 years. Cognitive decline was defined as ΔMoCA (baseline MoCA score－follow-up MoCA score). Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the effects of TG levels on cognitive decline. Results A total of 338 patients [mean age (59.1±6.8) years, 111(32.8%) males] were included. TG levels were positively correlated with cognitive decline (ΔMoCA) (β=0.172, P=0.025), and were mainly correlated with the decline of visuospatial executive function (β=0.152, P=0.045). Conclusions There is an independent correlation between the increased TG level and the decreased cognitive function in community patients with hypertension, and it may primarily affect the visuospatial executive function.

目的 为缺血性脑白质病变（ischemic white matter lesion，IWML）患者认知障碍进展的评估提供影像依据。 方法 回顾性纳入2018年1月—2021年12月就诊于首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院的IWML患者，按照认知功能测评结果分为：非痴呆血管性认知障碍（non-dementia vascular cognitive impairment，VCIND）组、血管性痴呆（vascular dementia，VaD）组。同期入组认知功能和头颅MRI检查正常的就诊患者为正常对照（normal control，NC）组。所有患者均完善了静息态功能MRI检查及注意功能检查，包括Stroop色-词干扰测试B（Stroop color-word interference B test，Stroop B），Stroop色-词干扰测试C（Stroop color-word interference C test，Stroop C），数字连线测验A（trail making test A，TMT-A）和符号数字转换测试（symbol digit modalities test，SDMT）。使用独立成分分析选择左侧和右侧额顶叶网络、初级和次级视觉网络、背侧注意网络5个脑区，选择9个主要区域为感兴趣区，提取每个脑区Z值，作为脑区两两间的功能连接（functional connectivity，FC）值。进行VCIND、VaD和NC组FC差异分析，并进一步分析VCIND、VaD两组脑区间FC变化与注意功能评分的相关性。 结果 共纳入60例患者，其中男性29例（48.3%）。NC组24例，VCIND组19例，VaD组17例。结果提示，与NC组相比，VCIND组完成Stroop B（P＜0.01）、TMT-A（P=0.01）评分更高，SDMT评分更低（P=0.01）；VaD组完成Stroop B、Stroop C及TMT-A评分更高（均P＜0.01），SDMT评分更低（P＜0.01）。与VCIND组相比，VaD组完成Stroop B（P＜0.01）、Stroop C（P＜0.01）及TMT-A（P=0.01）评分更高，SDMT评分（P＜0.01）更低。FC分析显示，与NC组相比，VCIND组右侧背外侧前额叶皮质和左侧顶上小叶（P=0.01）、右侧背外侧前额叶皮质和楔叶（P=0.04）之间的FC值增高；与VCIND组相比，VaD组右侧背外侧前额叶皮质与楔叶（P=0.02）之间的FC值增高。右侧背外侧前额叶皮质和左侧顶上小叶之间的FC值与Stroop C用时呈负相关（r=－0.365，P=0.04），其余脑区之间的FC值与其他注意功能评分项目无显著相关性。 结论 随着认知功能下降，IWML患者执行网络与背侧注意网络、初级视觉网络间的FC值升高，部分脑区间FC的改变伴随着更差的注意功能。 Abstract: Objective To provide an imaging reference for assessing cognitive dysfunction progression in patients with ischemic white matter lesion (IWML). Methods Patients with IWML admitted to Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively included. They were divided into two groups according to the results of the cognitive function assessment: the non-dementia vascular cognitive impairment (VCIND) group and the vascular dementia (VaD) group. Patients with normal cognitive function and brain MRI results were enrolled in the normal control (NC) group at the same time. All patients underwent resting state functional MRI examination and attention function tests, including Stroop color-word interference B test (Stroop B), Stroop color-word interference C test (Stroop C), trail making test A (TMT-A), and symbol digit modalities test (SDMT). The left frontoparietal network, right frontoparietal network, primary visual network, secondary visual network, and dorsal attention network were selected by independent component analysis. Nine major regions were chosen as regions of interest, and the Z value of each brain region was extracted as the functional connectivity (FC) value of the pairwise brain interval. The differences in FC among the three groups were analyzed, and the correlation between altered FC and attention function scores in VCIND and VaD groups was further investigated. Results Among 60 eligible patients, 29 (48.3%) being male. There were 24 cases in the NC group, 19 cases in the VCIND group, and 17 cases in the VaD group. The results suggested that compared with the NC group, the VCIND group had higher scores on the Stroop B (P

目的 探讨BMI对不同严重程度卒中患者3个月临床结局的影响。 方法 本研究是前瞻性多中心队列研究，观察发病7 d内首次卒中住院患者的BMI与3个月卒中结局的关系。根据入院时NIHSS评分，将患者分为轻度卒中（NIHSS评分

Ammonia nitrogen wastewater is one of the most difficult water treatment problems in the world. In the process of uranium mining, beneficiation and smelting, radioactive solid waste will be produced which cann’t be effectively treated, and will be stored in uranium tailings pond for a long time. Due to the role of rainwater, tailings pond will produce a large amount of wastewater, leach harmful substances into the water to form percolation drainage. Uranium tailings percolation drainage has the characteristics of high salt, high ammonia nitrogen, poor biodegradability and high chloride ion content, and the components in different regions of tailings pond are greatly different. Existing ammonia nitrogen treatment methods can’t effectively treat complex wastewater. Electro-oxidation method is a clean and efficient method to remove ammonia nitrogen in wastewater. By using electric energy and catalytic oxidation of anode and cathode plates, as well as indirect oxidation, chlorine ions in water are converted into highly oxidizing hypochlorite ions, and ammonia nitrogen is converted into harmless nitrogen by strong oxidation, so as to achieve harmless treatment of wastewater and no secondary waste is generated. In this paper, the principle and chemical reaction process of ammonia nitrogen removal by electro-oxidation were analyzed, and the factors affecting the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen were clarified, including chloride ion concentration, plate material, current density, pH, etc., and the influence of each factor on the electro-oxidation process was determined by single factor test. Through orthogonal analysis, the influence degree of each factor on the ammonia nitrogen removal rate was explored, and the influence degree of each factor was ranked from high to low, in order of chloride ion concentration>plate material>current density. pH is a secondary factor, which provides alkaline environment for electrochemical reaction and has little effect on ammonia nitrogen removal. The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen is significantly improved under different conditions, among which chloride ion is the most obvious, and the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen increases from 43.4% at 369 mg/L chloride ion concentration to 96% at 1000 mg/L. Finally, the Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2 electrode set is recommended. The optimal conditions are chloride ion concentration of 1 000 mg/L, current density of 20 mA/cm2, electrolytic time of 3 h, pH=9-11, under which the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen is 100%. The effluent of ammonia nitrogen meets the requirements of ‘Regulations on Radiation Protection and Radiation Environment Protection for Uranium Mining and Metallurgy’ and ‘Comprehensive Sewage Discharge Standard’.

Supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) technology, an indigenous fusion fueling technique in China, have been implemented widespread in international nuclear fusion devices. The effective distance stands out as a pivotal parameter for the system, defined by the span between the injector outlet and the front of the first Mach disk. Notably, the effective distance of SMBI on fusion devices must surpass the expanse from the injector outlet to the plasma boundary. This study conducted an in-depth investigation into the application of the SMBI system within nuclear fusion devices, with a specific focus on analyzing how gas source pressure affects the effective distance of the beam, which is crucial for ensuring the supersonic beam’s efficient penetration to the plasma boundary. To achieve this, a hybrid approach combining computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation with experimental testing was employed. The design of the SMBI system was based a modified conical structure developed from the Laval nozzle structure, which was modeled using SolidWorks and then subjected to detailed fluid dynamics simulations within the Fluent software environment. These simulations were aimed at examining the impact of varying cone angles and gas source pressures on the airflow’s velocity and density distribution. The results from the simulations indicate that while the cone angle of the injector has a limited effect on the effective distance, the gas source pressure is a decisive factor. Research is found that the effective distance is directly proportional to the square root of the gas source pressure, a finding that aligns with existing scaling relationships within a certain pressure ratio range. However, beyond the conventional scaling range of 5 to 17 000, the existing relationships are found to be insufficient for accurately predicting the effective distance at higher pressure ratios. In response to this, the study introduced a novel scaling relationship that was applicable to a broader pressure ratio range, specifically from 10 000 to 50 000. This new relationship was validated through experimental testing, confirming the accuracy of the simulation outcomes. Particularly within the HL-3 Tokamak, it is demonstrated that even at the minimum gas source pressure of 9×104 Pa, the effective distance achieved is adequate to fulfill the requirements for fusion fueling, ensuring that the beam maintains supersonic characteristics throughout its journey from the injector exit to the plasma boundary. This research significantly contributes to the field by providing valuable insights for the design of SMBI systems, taking into account the broader pressure ratio range that is often encountered in practical nuclear fusion applications. The findings not only validate the simulation methods used but also offer a scientific foundation for the design and optimization of SMBI systems in other magnetic confinement fusion devices, paving the way for more efficient and effective fueling strategies in nuclear fusion research.

油脂体是植物种子储油细胞器，由单层磷脂与界面蛋白共同稳定。为增加油脂体的pH稳定性，选用葡萄糖和乳糖为羰基供体，通过糖基化修饰油茶油脂体的界面结构。通过粒径及Zeta-电位的变化综合评估油脂体物理稳定性，采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳考察油脂体膜蛋白分子质量变化，采用Thermo Scientific Pierce BCA试剂盒分析油脂体膜蛋白溶解度的变化，并利用拉曼共聚焦显微镜观察油脂体界面结构的变化。结果表明：糖基化反应增大了油茶油脂体粒径，但粒径分布更均一，而Zeta-电位未发生显著变化（p>0.05）；葡萄糖和乳糖与油脂体质量比分别为2∶ 1和5∶ 1时糖基化油脂体膜蛋白溶解度最高，分别比对照组（未糖基化油脂体）提升了26.8倍和16.1倍。糖基化后油脂体膜蛋白分子质量小幅增大；拉曼光谱分析表明糖与油脂体膜蛋白成功接枝。综上，糖基化有利于提高油茶油脂体稳定性。Oil body is the oil storage organelle in oilseeds, which is stabilized by a monolayer of phospholipids and membrane proteins. In order to increase the pH stability of oil body, glucose and lactose were used as carbonyl donors to modify the interfacial structure of oil bodies (OBs) extracted from Camellia oleifera seed via glycosylation. The physical stabilities of OBs were evaluated via particle size and Zeta-potential. The molecular weight and solubility of OBs membrane protein were investigated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Thermo Scientific Pierce BCA kit, respectively. The interfacial structure of OBs was observed by Raman-confocal microscope. The results showed that the glycosylation reaction increased the particle size of Camellia oleifera OBs, but the particle size became more uniform, and the Zeta-potential did not change significantly (p>0.05). Under the conditions of mass ratio of glucose to OBs 2∶ 1, and mass ratio of lactose to OBs 5∶ 1, the glycosylated OBs membrane protein exhibited the highest solubility, with increase of 26.8 times and 16.1 times compared with the control (unglycosylation), respectively. The molecular weight of OBs membrane protein increased slightly after glycosylation. Raman spectra analysis showed that the glucose and lactose were successfully grafted on membrane proteins of OBs. In conclusion, glycosylation is beneficial for improving the stability of OBs.

为了明确不同加工方式的油茶籽油对变应性接触性皮炎（ACD）的治疗效果，并探究油茶籽油中的主要抗炎物质，分别制备低温压榨油茶籽油、热榨油茶籽原油、热榨精炼油茶籽油、土榨油茶籽油和超临界CO2油茶籽油，分析不同加工方式及添加不同活性物质的油茶籽油对ACD模型小鼠耳廓肿胀的影响，并结合ELISA法、HE染色和免疫组化探究其对小鼠炎症的抑制效果。结果表明：超临界CO2油茶籽油对ACD小鼠耳廓肿胀的抑制率最高，与阳性对照组相比其小鼠血清中炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6含量降低率超过10%，炎症细胞浸润程度明显好转，耳廓肿胀组织中NF-κB阳性表达量与阴性对照组相比无显著差异；预防性给药的抗炎效果普遍低于造模后给药；倍数添加角鲨烯和生育酚的油茶籽油对ACD小鼠耳廓肿胀的抑制率显著提高，在50%左右，且角鲨烯、生育酚处理组小鼠耳廓组织中NF-κB阳性表达量与阴性对照组无显著差异。因此，外用超临界CO2萃取的油茶籽油治疗小鼠ACD效果最佳，其抗炎效果并非源于单一活性成分，与角鲨烯和生育酚等活性成分均密切相关。In order to clarify the therapeutic effect of oil-tea camellia seed oil extracted by different methods on allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), and further explore the potential active substances of anti-inflammatory in oil-tea camellia seed oil, cold pressed oil-tea camellia seed oil, hot pressed crude oil-tea camellia seed oil, hot pressed-refined oil-tea camellia seed oil, native pressed oil-tea camellia seed oil, and supercritical CO2 extracted oil-tea camellia seed oil were prepared, the effects of different processing methods of oil-tea camellia seed oils and different active substances added with oil-tea camellia seed oils on auricular swelling in ACD model mice were analyzed, and their anti-inflammatory effect in mice were studied by combining ELISA method, HE staining, and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the supercritical CO2 extracted oil-tea camellia seed oil showed the highest inhibition rate on auricular swelling of ACD mice, and the inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were reduced more than 10% compared with positive control. The degree of inflammatory infiltration significantly improved, and there was no significant difference in NF-κB positive expression of auricular tissue between supercritical CO2 extracted oil-tea camellia seed oil treatment group and negative control. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of prophylactic administration was generally lower than that of post modeling administration.The oil-tea camellia seed oil that supplemented with multiple squalene and tocopherol increased the inhibition rate of auricular swelling about 50%. There was no significant difference in NF-κB positive expression of auricular tissue between the squalene and tocopherol group and the negative control. In general, supercritical CO2 extracted oil-tea camellia seed oil exhibits the best therapeutic effect on ACD mice, and the active anti-inflammatory ingredients are closely related to squalene and tocopherol.

为促进乳化猪油在烘焙食品中的应用，分析了甘草提取物及其组分（甘草酸、光甘草定）对乳化猪油氧化稳定性的影响，同时将乳化猪油应用于蛋糕中，研究了乳化猪油的含油量对蛋糕品质的影响。结果表明：甘草提取物及其组分均能大幅延缓乳化猪油的氧化酸败，其中甘草提取物的延缓效果最显著；含有0.02%甘草提取物的乳化猪油（含油量80%）在40 ℃下储藏28 d，其酸值、过氧化值、硫代巴比妥酸值与空白组相比分别下降了72.53%、47.45%、62.98%；含油量80%的乳化猪油制备的蛋糕的膨胀体积与含油量50%的乳化猪油制备的蛋糕相比增加了99.75%，硬度、弹性和咀嚼性分别降低了21.37%、14.58%、31.74%，但各指标均比猪油制备的蛋糕的差。综上，乳化猪油具有替代猪油应用于蛋糕制备的潜力，但仍需进一步深入探究乳化猪油组分与蛋糕中其他组分间的相互作用，进而提高蛋糕品质。To promote the application of emulsified lard in baked goods, the effects of liquorice extract and its components (glycyrrhizic acid and glabridin) on the oxidative stability of emulsified lard were analyzed. The emulsified lard was used in cake, and the effect of fat contents in emulsified lard on the quality of cake was investigated. The results showed that liquorice extract and its components markedly inhibited the oxidation rate of emulsified lard, and liquorice extract had the most significant inhibition effect. After storage at 40 ℃ for 28 d, the acid value, peroxide value and thiobarbital acid value of emulsified lard (fat content 80%) containing 0.02% liquorice extract decreased by 72.53%, 47.45% and 62.98% respectively, compared to emulsified lard without antioxidant. In addition, the expansion volume of the cake prepared with emulsified lard with 80% fat content increased by 99.75% compared to the cake prepared with emulsified lard with 50% fat content, and the hardness, elasticity and chewiness decreased by 21.37%, 14.58% and 31.74% respectively, but all indexes were worse than those prepared with lard. In conclusion, emulsified lard has the potential to replace lard in cake preparation, but further investigation of the interaction between emulsified lard components and other components in cake is needed to improve the quality of cake products.

为促进油茶蒲的高值化开发利用，推动油茶产业高质量发展，以油茶蒲为原料，采用超声辅助醇提法制备油茶蒲粗黄酮，并采用AB-8大孔树脂吸附法纯化。另外，对纯化的油茶蒲黄酮的结构进行了紫外光谱和红外光谱表征，利用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS对其组分进行了鉴定。结果表明：采用超声辅助醇提法制备的油茶蒲粗黄酮中黄酮含量为32.41%，采用AB-8大孔树脂纯化后的黄酮含量为70.14%，黄酮总回收率为60.12%；紫外光谱与红外光谱分析表明，纯化物具有明显的黄酮类紫外、红外特征光谱，证明该纯化物主要成分为黄酮类化合物；UPLC-Q-TOF-MS从该纯化物中共鉴定出44种多酚类和黄酮类化合物，其中14种黄酮类化合物、30种多酚类化合物，油茶蒲黄酮多以黄酮苷类化合物形式存在，且多为山奈酚的糖苷类化合物，油茶蒲黄酮中含有原花青素、儿茶素、表儿茶素及没食子酸等抗氧化活性成分。根据油茶蒲黄酮的组成成分，推测其具有开发成为抗糖尿病食品以及与抗癌药物联用治疗疾病的潜力。In order to promote the high-value exploitation and utilisation of Camellia oleifera fruit shell and promote the high-quality development of Camellia oleifera industry, the crude flavonoids of Camellia oleifera fruit shell were prepared by ultrasound-assisted ethanol extraction and purified by adsorption using AB-8 macroporous resin. In addition, the structure of the purified flavonoids was characterized by UV spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy and their components were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The results showed that the flavonoids content in the crude flavonoids prepared by ultrasound-assisted ethanol extraction was 32.41%, and the flavonoids content after purification using AB-8 macroporous resin was 70.14%, and the total recovery of flavonoids was 60.12%. The analysis of UV spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy showed that the purified flavonoids had obvious flavonoids UV characteristic spectra and infrared characteristic spectra, which proved that the main components of the purified product was flavonoids. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis showed that the purified flavonoids had 44 kinds of polyphenols and flavonoids, among which 14 kinds of flavonoids and 30 kinds of polyphenols were identified. The purified flavonoids existed in the form of flavonoid glycosides and were mostly glycosides of kaempferol. The purified flavonoids contained proanthocyanidins, catechins, epicatechins and gallic acid and other antioxidant active ingredients. Based on the composition of flavonoids from Camellia oleifera fruit shell, it is assumed that the purified flavonoids has the potential to be developed into an antidiabetic food as well as a synergistic treatment with anticancer drugs.

为推动我国木本油料高质量发展，更好地践行大食物观，从供给、需求和国际贸易3个方面对2001—2021年间我国木本油料发展情况进行定量分析，对木本油料未来发展潜力和现实约束进行系统分析，并提出高质量发展的对策建议。我国木本油料产业发展迅速，总产量、总产值不断提高，在国家粮油安全中的作用不断增强。利好政策持续释放、种植面积有望扩大、单产提升潜力较大以及市场环境不断改善等，是我国木本油料高质量发展的潜力所在。但产业政策扶持力度不够、种植成本攀升、生产效率低下、科技服务保障支撑不足、产业链延伸不足、市场占有率低等问题，成为阻碍我国木本油料高质量发展的瓶颈。基于此，提出持续优化产业发展格局、积极培育新型经营主体、大力推动科技创新与成果转化、加强品牌建设等建议。In order to promote the high-quality development of woody oilseeds in China and better practice the perspective of all-encompassing approach to food, the development of woody oilseeds in China from three aspects including supply, demand and international trade was quantitatively analyzed from 2001 to 2021, the future development potential and realistic constraints of woody oilseeds were systematically analyzed, and countermeasures for the high-quality development were put forward. The woody oilseeds industry in China developed rapidly, with a continuous increase in total output and total output value, and its role in national grain and oil security was constantly strengthened. The continuous release of favorable policies, the expected expansion of planting area, the great potential for per unit yield improvement, and the continuous improvement of market environment were the potential for high-quality development of woody oilseeds in China. However, problems such as insufficient support from industrial policies, rising planting costs, low production efficiency, insufficient support for science and technology service guarantee, insufficient extension of the industrial chain and low market share had become bottlenecks that hindering the high-quality development of woody oilseeds in China. Based on this, suggestions were proposed, such as continuously optimizing the industrial development pattern, actively cultivating new business entities, vigorously promoting scientific and technological innovation and achievement transformation, and strengthening brand building.

旨在为羊尾油对动物健康效应的研究提供基础数据，创建了自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）模型，将8周龄SHR分为试验组苏尼特羊尾油组（Y组）、阴性对照大豆油组（D组）、阳性对照菜籽油组（C组）和芥花油组（J组），并分别饲喂添加10%相应油脂的饲料，记录日摄食量，每周测量血压，饲喂14周后解剖采血,摘取肝脏，检测血清血脂水平、肝脏功能指标和肝脏病理学特征。结果表明：第14周时，Y组雌、雄SHR日摄食量显著高于对照组(p

Medical isotopes are the substantial basis of the diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine. There are irreplaceable advantages for utilizing the nuclear medical technology to diagnose and treat the malignant tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and other major diseases. Lutetium-177 (177Lu) has excellent nuclear physical and chemical properties. In recent years, 177Lu has been widely used in the research and clinical application of targeted nuclide therapy in the western developed countries, and the radio-labeled compounds have showed the good effects in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors, including neuroendocrine tumors, prostate cancer, metastatic disease in bone and etc. 177Lu has been recognized as one of the most promising and dynamic economical theranostic targeted medical radio-isotopesand the global demand for 177Lu can be expected to grow explosively in the future. In this text, the preparation principle of 177Lu and current research status of 177Lu separation technology domestically or internationally, the future market demand and the application prospect were briefly introduced.

协作频谱感知是认知无线电网络的基础和关键阶段，频谱检测过程中的节点分配策略将直接决定联合频谱感知的结果。介绍了多种分配认知终端的方法，旨在提高频谱感知的效率和公平性。针对不同子频带的感知效率，提出了一种称为由频点占用导致的无效传输参数（inefficient transport parameter，ITP）指标来评估通信性能，给出了感知效率优化问题的闭式表达解，设计的场景包括终端对相同频带有不同的感知性能和相同的感知性能。针对不同子频带间的感知公平性，提出了两种分配算法：弓形分配算法和类划分分配算法。子频带间的公平性通过评估子带中最差的感知性能进行衡量。为了适用于实际场景，加入了频段属性参数来增强公平性，该参数考虑了主用户使用不同频段的优先级及抗干扰能力。仿真结果表明，所提出的策略显著改善了认知无线电网络中的ITP，特别是在子频带利用率不同的情况下，提出的弓形分配算法在公平性不明显降低的情况下，复杂度有明显改善。

近年来，大语言模型在通用领域涌现出了惊人的智慧能力，并快速在各行业得到了广泛而有效的应用。然而，临床医学领域由于专业性强、场景复杂，大语言模型能否提供准确、可靠、高效的医疗服务，目前还没有形成一致性的结论。本研究从以下几个方面对大语言模型在临床医学中的研究进展进行综述：医学知识和基本医学能力评测情况；临床场景特定能力方面的研究进展；脑血管病等临床疾病及相关临床应用方面的研究进展。 Abstract: In recent years, large language models have demonstrated remarkable intelligence capabilities across various general domains and have been widely and effectively applied in multiple industries. However, due to the high level of specialization and complexity of scenarios in clinical medicine, there is no consensus on whether large language models can provide accurate, reliable, and efficient medical services. This study reviewed the progress of large language models in clinical medicine from the following aspects: evaluation of medical knowledge and basic medical capabilities; research progress on specific capability requirements in clinical scenarios; research progress on clinical diseases such as cerebrovascular diseases and related clinical applications.

目的 探讨心脑血管疾病的发病状况和气象因素之间的关系，运用机器学习方法预测心脑血管疾病发病风险等级，为疾病防控提供科学依据。 方法 以贵州省疾病预防控制中心提供的心脑血管疾病患者为研究对象，通过相关性分析确定模型的预测因子，分别基于支持向量机、极端梯度提升、轻量级梯度提升机、随机森林这4种机器学习模型构建心脑血管疾病发病风险的预测模型。将纳入患者以8∶2的比例分为训练集和测试集。训练集用于模型训练和参数优化，测试集用于评价模型效果。主要以准确率来评价各模型的预测效果。 结果 本研究共纳入60岁以上心脑血管疾病患者16 383例，其中女性6507例，且日发病例数表现为不平衡数据，其中诊断类型包括急性心肌梗死、卒中、心绞痛、心源性猝死。日发病例数与气压、气温、湿度3大类26种气象因素存在相关性，与气压、相对湿度呈正相关，与气温呈负相关。采用GridSearchCV函数找出最优权重的配比后，使用机器学习方法构建模型，并通过测试集验证输出模型指标参数。轻量级梯度提升机模型在预测任务中表现最佳，准确率达到85.68%，精确率为82.56%，召回率为85.68%，F1分数为79.56%（均P＜0.05）。心脑血管疾病患者发病前72 h气温的INP值为63 814，是影响日发病例数最重要的气象因素，排名第2和第3的是发病前48 h气温和发病前24 h气温，对应INP值分别为62 002、43 216。 结论 基于机器学习方法建立的心脑血管疾病发病预测模型具有较高的预测价值，其中轻量级梯度提升机模型的预测效果最好。 Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and meteorological factors, and to predict the incidence risk levels of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases using machine learning methods, with the aim of providing the scientific basis for disease prevention and control. Methods Patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, whose information were provided by the Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, were selected as subjects. The predictive factors of the model were determined through correlation analysis, and the prediction models for the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were constructed based on four machine learning models: support vector machine, extreme gradient boosting, light gradient boosting machine, and random forest. The included patients were divided into the training set and the testing set in the ratio of 8∶2. The training set was used for model training and parameter optimization, and the testing set was used to evaluate the effect of the model. The predictive performance of each model was mainly evaluated by accuracy. Results A total of 16 383 patients over 60 years of age with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were included in this study, including 6507 women. The number of daily cases was unbalanced, in which the diagnostic types included acute myocardial infarction, stroke, angina pectoris, and sudden cardiac death. The number of daily cases was correlated with 26 meteorological factors in 3 categories including air pressure, air temperature, and humidity, and was positively correlated with air pressure and relative humidity, but negatively correlated with air temperature. The GridSearchCV function was used to find the optimal weight ratio, the machine learning method was used to construct the model, and the output model index parameters were verified through the testing set. The light gradient boosting machine model performed best in the prediction task, with an accuracy of 85.68%, a precision of 82.56%, a recall of 85.68%, and the F1 score was 79.56% (all P

目的 探讨颅内动脉与颈动脉并存斑块分布特征对卒中复发风险的预测价值。 方法 连续纳入2周内发生缺血性卒中且至少一侧颈动脉存在粥样硬化斑块的患者，于基线期进行颅外颈动脉多对比度MR血管壁成像和颅内动脉MRA检查。随后对所有患者进行至少1年的随访研究，观察有无缺血性卒中复发。分析粥样硬化斑块在颅外颈动脉不同节段的分布特征，以及前循环颅内动脉狭窄并存颅外颈动脉不同节段斑块的发生率。采用Cox回归计算前循环颅内动脉狭窄并存颈动脉不同节段斑块对缺血性卒中复发的预测价值。 结果 共纳入117例患者，平均年龄为（62.6±11.8）岁，其中男性85例，中位随访时间为12.0（11.1～12.8）个月，有31例（26.5%）患者发生缺血性卒中复发。前循环颅内动脉狭窄并存颈动脉球部斑块与卒中复发显著相关（HR 2.535，95%CI 1.085～5.922，P=0.032），校正年龄、性别、BMI混杂因素后该相关性仍具有统计学意义（HR 2.903，95%CI 1.114～7.565，P=0.029）。前循环颅内动脉狭窄并存颈动脉其他节段斑块与卒中复发无相关（P>0.05）。 结论 在缺血性卒中且至少一侧颈动脉存在粥样硬化斑块的患者中，前循环颅内动脉狭窄并存颈动脉球部斑块与卒中复发独立相关。 Abstract: Objective To investigate the predictive value of intracranial and carotid arteries coexisting atherosclerotic plaque distribution characteristics for the risk of stroke recurrence. Methods Patients with ischemic stroke within 2 weeks and at least one carotid plaque were consecutively included and underwent multi-contrast MR vessel wall imaging for extracranial carotid arteries and MRA for intracranial arteries at baseline. All patients were followed up for at least 1 year to record stroke recurrence. The distribution characteristics of atherosclerotic plaque in different segments of the extracranial carotid artery and the incidence of coexisting intracranial artery stenosis in anterior circulation and extracranial carotid artery atherosclerotic plaques in different segments were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate Cox regressions were used to calculate the predictive value of coexisting intracranial artery stenosis in anterior circulation and carotid artery atherosclerotic plaques in different segments for stroke recurrence. Results A total of 117 patients were included, with a mean age of (62.6±11.8) years, including 85 males. The median follow-up time was 12.0(11.1-12.8) months, and 31(26.5%) patients experienced stroke recurrence. Coexisting intracranial artery stenosis in the anterior circulation and atherosclerotic plaques in the segment of the carotid bulb was significantly associated with stroke recurrence (HR 2.535, 95%CI 1.085-5.922, P=0.032). After adjusting for confounding factors (age, sex, and BMI), this association remained statistically significant (HR 2.903, 95%CI 1.114-7.565, P=0.029). No significant association was found between intracranial artery stenosis in anterior circulation coexistent with atherosclerotic plaque in other segments of the carotid artery and stroke recurrence (P>0.05). Conclusions In patients with ischemic stroke and at least one carotid plaque, coexisting intracranial artery stenosis in anterior circulation and atherosclerotic plaque in the segment of the carotid bulb was independently associated with stroke recurrence.

可逆性后部脑病综合征（posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome，PRES）是一种以可逆性神经系统损害和特异性影像学表现为主的临床-影像学综合征，阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症（paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria，PNH）是临床上的罕见疾病。本文介绍1例有PNH的老年男性患者，患者长期慢性溶血性贫血，不规律服用小剂量免疫抑制剂，短期间断输入共计10 U洗涤红细胞后，出现伴有头痛、痫性发作、精神行为异常、血压异常增高及微量蛛网膜下腔出血的PRES，此病需与脑静脉及静脉窦血栓形成和可逆性脑血管收缩综合征等疾病相鉴别。本文旨在提高临床医师对此类患者的预防、早期识别及应对能力。 Abstract: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical-imaging syndrome dominated by reversible neurological damage and specific imaging manifestations, and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a clinically rare disease. This paper described a case of an elderly male patient with PNH who had long-term chronic hemolytic anemia. After irregularly taking low-dose immunosuppressants and short-term intermittent infusion of 10 U of washed erythrocytes, he developed a PRES with headache, seizures, mental behavioural abnormalities, abnormally high blood pressure, and trace subarachnoid hemorrhage. It should be differentiated from diseases such as cerebral venous and venous sinus thrombosis and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. The aim of this paper is to improve the clinicians’ ability to prevent and identify this type of patients at an early stage.

浸出车间第一蒸发器的有效利用对整体的蒸发效果和热能的节约有着重要的意义。旨在为工厂的生产稳定和工艺的不断改进提供理论参考，介绍了混合油的基本特性，引用了两种方法验证第一蒸发器是否得到有效利用，并对蒸馏工艺中需要注意的问题进行了总结。第一蒸发器是否得到有效利用的验证方法一是通过负压合理性进行验证，二是通过实际换热面积是否得到有效利用进行验证。工厂可以通过两种验证方法对第一蒸发器是否得到有效利用进行初步的判断，并对相关工艺条件作出相关调整。第一蒸发器的有效利用涉及多个工艺步骤，蒸发器进口混合油浓度、二次蒸汽中含粕量、混合油的杂质含量、冷凝系统的稳定性等因素在实际生产中均需被关注，以保证第一蒸发器的有效利用。Effective use of the first-stage evaporator in leaching plant is of great significance to the overall evaporation effect and heat energy saving. Aiming to provide theoretical reference for the production stability and the continuous improvement of the process, the basic characteristics of the miscella were introduced, two methods were cited to verify whether the first-stage evaporator was effectively utilized or not, and the problems that need to be paid attention to in the distillation process were summarised. The rationality of the effective use of the first-stage evaporator could be verified by the reasonableness of the negative pressure, and by examining whether the actual heat exchanger area was effectively utilized or not. Factory can make a preliminary judgement on the effective use of the first-stage evaporator through these two methods, and adjust the relevant process conditions accordingly. The effective use of the first-stage evaporator involves a number of process steps, and factors such as the evaporator inlet miscella concentration, the meal content in the secondary vapour, the impurity content in the miscella, the stability of condensing system and so on in the actual production need to be concerned to ensure the effective use of the first - stage evaporator.

旨在为低温压榨鲜青花椒油的工业生产、贮藏和质量控制提供借鉴，利用超高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器-高分辨质谱（UPLC-DAD-HRMS）技术对低温压榨鲜青花椒油中色素进行测定，并研究贮藏过程中光、氧、温度对低温压榨鲜青花椒油的色素含量和色泽L*、a*、b*的影响。结果表明：从低温压榨鲜青花椒油中鉴定出32种叶绿素和10种类胡萝卜素；叶绿素中主要含有叶绿素a、C132-羟基-叶绿素a、叶绿素b和脱镁叶绿素a；类胡萝卜素中主要含有叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素；叶绿素总量为9.44 mg/kg，类胡萝卜素总量为4.95 mg/kg。贮藏过程中影响低温压榨鲜青花椒油中色素降解最主要的因素是光，其次是温度，氧气几乎没有影响。另外，a*可以作为衡量低温压榨鲜青花椒油色素含量及色泽控制的指标。Aiming to contribute to the industrial production, storage and quality control of cold-pressed fresh green Huajiao oil, the change of pigment in cold-pressed fresh green Huajiao oil was analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-HRMS), and the effects of light, oxygen, temperature on the pigment content and color(L*, a*, b*) of fresh green Huajiao oil in storage were determined. The results showed that 32 chlorophylls and 10 carotenoids were identified from the cold-pressed fresh green Huajiao oil. The main chlorophylls were chlorophyll a, C132-hydroxy chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and pheophytin a; the main carotenoids were lutein and β-carotene. The total chlorophyll content was 9.44 mg/kg, and the total carotenoid content was 4.95 mg/kg. During storage, the main factor affecting the degradation of pigment in fresh green Huajiao oil was light, followed by temperature, and oxygen had little effect. In addition, the color index a* can be used as an index for pigment content and color control.