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Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth（SIBO） refers to the phenomenon of overgrowth of bacteria in the small intestine and changes of bacterial species caused by various reasons. This concept was first proposed in the 1970s to describe the pathophysiology of abdominal pain, diarrhea and malnutrition in patients after gastrointestinal surgery. With greater understanding, there is growing evidence that SIBO is closely related to digestive diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease, fatty liver disease, and even metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. Even more, some metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity are associated with SIBO. However, there is some debate about the "gold standard" and method for diagnosing SIBO. This article reviews the conceptual changes and diagnosis of SIBO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to determine an easy leaf age(LA)diagnostic method of panicle differentiation stage of sorghum, the panicle differentiation of sorghum and the relationship between differentiation stage and LA and leaf age index(LAI)were investigated. Hybrid cultivar ‘Jinyunuo 3' and conventional cultivar ‘Guojiaohong 1' were used as materials planted in three sowing dates, the panicle differentiation stage and corresponding LA were recorded. The results were as follows:(1)The panicle differentiation could be divided into five stages, i. e. vegetative stage, elongation stage, panicle branch differentiation stage, spikelet and floret differentiation stage, gynoecium and stamen formation stage. The sterile spikelet with stalk could develop to gynoecium and stamen formation stage.(2)With the detention of sowing date, the starting date of panicle differentiation was advanced, and the growth duration shorted, and LA and LAI of each stage of panicle differentiation were decreased, but there were differences among varieties.(3)The relationship between the panicle differentiation stage and LAI conformed to linear regression correlation, with a formula of panicle differentiation stage(Yi)to LAI(Xi) of Yi=bXi+a.(4)With the detention of sowing date, the parameter b and |a| in formula of ‘Jinyunuo 3' were increased, while those of ‘Guojiaohong 1' were decreased. To sum up, it is viable to infer panicle differentiation stage applying LAI, and the results provide theoretical basis for sorghum cultivation index management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ice wine belongs to the highest class of high-quality wines and is recognized as the best wine in the world. The quality of ice grapes plays a decisive role in the quality of ice wine, and the differences in climate conditions in different regions and interannual climate changes have a great impact on the quality of ice grapes. Different harvest dates after maturity correspond to different weather conditions and fruit quality. Therefore, it is particularly important to determine the harvest date of ice grapes. In order to determine the optimal delayed harvest date of ice grape in Yili River Valley, ice grapes from the observation area were harvested in stages from 2018 to 2019. This experiment was conducted in Yining County and the grape was harvested in different dates and then the contents of the total sugar, total acid, and sugar-acid ratio in grape fruits were measured in the laboratory thereafter. The correlation analysis, partial regression analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were applied to figure out the quality change rule, inter-annual quality change rule, and the relationship between quality and meteorological factors of ice grapes in different delayed harvest periods. Conclude the best harvest period when ice grapes reach the 'best quality' in Yili River Valley. Provide a reference for optimizing the quality of ice grapes and rationalizing regional management in the future. The results showed that:（1）the content of the total sugar and total acid in 2018 and 2019 had the same trend with the delay of the harvest date. The total sugar gradually increased with the delay of the harvest date, and the total acid climbing firstly and then fell down. （2）Average temperature of 120 days before harvest(T120), average minimum temperature of 120 days before harvest(Tmin120), average daily temperature range of 30 days before harvest(ΔT30) were the most important factors affected total sugar content of ice grape. Average temperature of 120 days before harvest(T120), average minimum temperature of 120 days before harvest(Tmin120), the average relative humidity of 120 days before harvest(RH120), and the average relative humidity of 60 days before harvest(RH60) were the most important factors affected total acid content of ice grapes. （3）7.5℃≤T120≤18.3℃, 4.8℃≤Tmin120≤9.6℃, 48%≤RH60≤70%, 52.3%≤RH120≤64.8% were the suitable range of meteorological conditions required to form the 'best quality'. The best harvest date is reached when the current weather conditions meet the above range. The optimal harvest date of ice grapes in Yining County was November 21 in 2018, the optimal harvest date of ice grapes in Yining County was December 1 in 2019. According to the meteorological conditions, the optimal harvest date of ice grapes in Yining County in 2020 was verified. The results are consistent with the reality, indicating that the research results can be used for practical promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both linseed oil and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) have the disadvantages of low solubility in water, poor stability, and low bioavailability. In this study, linseed oil and CoQ10 were simultaneously dissolved and encapsulated in emulsions, and then dispersed in an aqueous matrix toimprove their stability, solubility, and bioavailability.At the same time, due to the strong antioxidant effect of CoQ10, linseed oil can be further protected from oxidation. Linseed oil and CoQ10 co-loaded emulsions were prepared by high pressure homogenization technology using gum arabic as an emulsifier. The physical and chemical properties of the prepared emulsions were characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, in vitro simulated digestion, in vitro release, dilution stability, freeze-thaw stability, ionic strength stability, photostability and accelerated oxidation stability. The results showed that the prepared emulsions were uniformly dispersed spherical droplets with an average particle size of (284 ± 5.6) nm and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.112 ± 0.025. The loading and entrapment efficiency of CoQ10 in the prepared emulsions were 0.392% ± 0.008% and 97.08% ± 1.45% respectively, and no linseed oil floating on the emulsion liquid surface was observed. The particle size of the prepared emulsion in the simulated stomach digestion did not change significantly, indicating that the structure of the emulsion did not damage, and it could resist the environment of gastric acid. The particle size of the prepared emulsions increased significantly in the simulated intestinal digestion, indicating that the structure of the emulsion had been destroyed and the emulsions were digested and degraded in the simulated intestine digestive phase. Compared with linseed oil and CoQ10 suspensions, the digestibility rate of linseed oil and the bio-availability of CoQ10 in emulsions were significantly improved. The in vitro release experiment showed that CoQ10 encapsulated in the droplets of the emulsions could slow down the release rate of CoQ10 and achieve a sustained release effect, which would eventually improve the oral bioavailability of CoQ10. The dilution stability displayed that the particle size did not change significantly after the emulsions diluted 100-250 times and the emulsionswere relatively stable. Freezing for 2 hours had little effect on the stability of the emulsions. Over 2 hours, the particle size and PDI of the emulsions increased slightly, but still stable. No stratification and flocculation were observed. Na+ and Ca2+ caused a decrease in the zeta potential of the emulsion, resulting in a decrease in the absolute value of its surface charge, which cannot form a sufficient electrostatic repulsive force and eventually had a greater impact on the stability of the prepared emulsion. The photostability revealed that when CoQ10 was encapsulated in emulsions, CoQ10 was less affected by light degradation and had better light stability. The form of CoQ10 in emulsions can obviously improve the light stability of CoQ10. The accelerated oxidative stability experiment showed that, due to the antioxidant effect of coenzyme Q10, the CoQ10 in linseed oil and CoQ10 co-loaded emulsions had better oxidative stability. This study is helpful to solve the problems related to linseed oil and CoQ10, better apply them to functional foods, and provide consumers with green and healthy functional foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的 建立咳喘药学服务门诊用药教育工作模式,对咳喘患者进行规范的用药指导,观察药学 服务门诊用药教育工作模式的临床应用效果。方法 选取2021年9月至2023年9月在该院咳喘药学服务门 诊就诊需使用吸入制剂的219例患者作为观察对象,均采用用药教育工作模式进行用药指导,并随访3个月, 于指导前后均采用慢性阻塞性肺疾病评估测试问卷(CAT)、哮喘控制测试问卷(ACT)及 Morisky用药依从性 量表(MMAS-8)评分评估患者用药情况。随机抽取5名临床药师在建立用药教育工作模式前后进行业务水平 的考核,包括用药指导、用药准则、处方审核等方面。结果 随访3个月后,患者的 CAT、ACT、MMAS-8均显 著优于随访前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。建立用药教育工作模式后,临床药师的用药指导、用药准则、处 方审核等业务水平均较建立前提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 临床药师通过咳喘药学服务门诊为 患者提供优质药学服务,极大提高了患者用药依从性和吸入制剂正确使用率,从而保证药物治疗效果最大化。 此外,咳喘药学服务门诊的开设对于提高临床药师素质和规范用药指导也具有重要意义。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the pharmacodynamics effects of Qinxiang Qingjie oral solution. METHODS: Hot plate test and acetic acid writhing test were adopted to study the abirritation of Qinxiang Qingjie oral solution on mice;models of fever of rahbits and rats were established to inspect its antipyretic effects;cough test of the guinea pigs and respiratory phenol red expectoration test of mice were caried out to inspect its antibechic and expectorant effects;xylenetype inflammation of mice and carrageenin-type inflammation of rats were established to inspect its antiinflammation effects;its effects on standard strains and clinical isolated strains of influenza virus and staphylococcus aureus were inspected. RESULTS: 30, 60, 90 minutes after administration, the pain threshold values of mice of acetylsalicylic acid tablets group and Qinxiang Qingjie oral solution high dose group were significantly higher than that of the control group, and the writhing times were significantly less than the control group,with statistically significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 h after administration,the temperatures of rabbits of Acetylsalicylic acid tablets group, Qinxiang Qingjie oral solution mid dose group and high dose group were significantly lower than that of the control group; 1, 2, 3, 4 h after administration,the temperatures of rats of Acetylsalicylic acid tablets group and Qinxiang Qingjie oral solution high dose group were significantly lower than that of the control group, with statistically significant differences (P ＜0.05). The incubation periods of cough of guinea pigs of Compound liquorice tablet group and Qinxiang Qingjie oral solution high dose group were significantly longer than that of the control group,and their cough times were significantly less than that of the control group;the content of phenol red of mice of ammonium chloride group, Qinxiang Qingjie oral solution mid dose group and high dose group were significantly higher than that of the control group, with statistically significant differences (P ＜ 0.05). The percentage of swelling inhibition of mice of acetylsalicylic acid tablets group and Qinxiang Qingjie oral solution high dose group were significantly higher than that of the control group;1, 2, 3, 4, 5 h after the establishment of the model, the foot volumes of rats of Acetylsalicylic acid tablets group, Qinxiang Qingjie oral solution mid dose group and high dose group were significantly less than that of the control group, with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05). The lung index of baby mice of molding control group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and virustat group, Qinxiang Qingjie oral solution mid dose group and high dose group were significantly lower than that of the molding control group;the death rates of Compound sulfamethoxazole tablets group, Qinxiang Qingjie oral solution mid dose group and high dose group were significantly lower than that of the control group, with statistically significant differences (P ＜ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The effects of pain-relief, antipyretic, antibechic, expectorant, antiinflammation, antibiosis and antiviral of Qinxiang Qingjie oral solution are remarkable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE:To probe into the effects of Qinxiangqingjie oral solution on acute toxicity in mice and long-term toxicity in rats. METHODS:(1)Maximum dosimetry was adopted to conduct the acute toxicity test. (2)80 rats extracted for the long-term toxicity test were randomly divided into low, medium and high dose group and control group, with 20 cases in each. Drugs were given at 10:00 am everyday, low, medium and high dose group were respectively treated with Qinxiangqingjie oral solution of 40 g/kg, 60 g/kg and 80 g/kg, yet the control group received the same volume of distilled water; continuous gastric infusion were given for 4 weeks, with drug withdrawal for 2 weeks. Rats` signs, blood analysis, organ coefficient, liver, renal function and tissue slice were observed. RESULTS:During the acute toxicity test, the mice decreased the activity after administration, yet there were no other symptoms. During the long-term toxicity test, there was no significant changes in rats` signs, blood analysis, organ coefficient, liver, renal function and tissue slice. CONCLUSIONS:Under this experiment condition, there are no acute and long-term toxicity fund in Qinxiangqingjie oral solution, which indicates that Qinxiangqingjie oral solution is safe and reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effects of Qinxiangqingjie oral solution on acute toxicity in mice and longterm toxicity in rats. METHODS: (1) Maximum dosimetry was adopted to conduct die acute toxicity test. (2)80 rats extracted for die long-term toxicity test were randomly divided into low, medium and high dose group and control group, with 20 cases in each. Drugs were given at 10;00 am everyday, low, medium and high dose group were respectively treated with Qinxiangqingjie oral solution of 40 g/kg, 60 g/kg and 80 g/kg, yet the control group received the same volume of distilled water; continuous gastric infusion were given for 4 weeks, with drug withdrawal for 2 weeks. Rats’ signs, hlood analysis, organ coefficient, liver, renal function and tissue slice were observed. RESULTS: During the acute toxicity test, the mice decreased the activity after administration, yet there were no other symptoms. During the long-term toxicity test, there was no significant changes in rats’ signs, hlood analysis, organ coefficient, liver, renal function and tissue slice. CONCLUSIONS: Under this experiment condition, there are no acute arxl long-term toxicity fund in Qinxiangqingjie oral solution, which indicates that Qinxiangqingjie oral solution is safe and reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE： To establish the method for content determination of baicalin in Qinxiangqingie oral liquid by HPLC, so as to establish the quality control specification of Qinxiangqingie oral liquid. METHODS： The chromatographic column was Agilent SB-C18(250 mm X 4. 6 mm, 5 μm), the mobile phase was methanol - water - phosphoric acid ( V： V： V= 47 : 53 : 0. 2), with detective wave length of 280 nm , flow rate of 1. 0 m l/m in, sample size of 10 μgl and column temperature of 30 °C. RESULTS： Baicalin in 2. 409 μg/ml-77. 080 μg/ml had good linear relationship , the average recovery rate was 100. 0%, RSD was 1. 7%. CONCLUSIONS： The method is simple，high accuracy and good repeatability，which could be used for quality control of Qinxiangqinge oral liquid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的 探讨地中海贫血患儿红细胞相关参数的临床特点及意义，为临床鉴别诊断地中海贫血提供快速有效的方法。方法选取2017 年1-12 月本院血液科经基因检测结合铁代谢指标确诊为单纯地贫患儿47 例(地贫组)，同时随机选取轻度缺铁性贫血(IDA)患儿58 例(轻度IDA 组)，中度IDA 患儿45 例(中度IDA 组)，以及血常规正 常的健康儿童50 例(对照组)，比较4 组红细胞计数(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞Hb 含 量(MCH)、平均红细胞Hb 浓度(MCHC)及红细胞体积分布宽度(RDW)变异系数(CV)变化情况。结果 地贫组中， α⁃地贫18 例，占38.3%；β⁃地贫29 例，占61.7%。地贫组 RBC、MCV 值优于轻度、中度 IDA 组及对照组，差异均有统计 学意义(P<0.05)。地中贫组 MCH 值小于轻度 IDA 组及对照组，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)；但与中度IDA 组比较， 差异无统计学差异(P>0.05)。地贫组 MCHC 值小于中度IDA 组及对照组，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)；但与轻度 IDA 组比较，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。地贫组 RDW⁃CV 值大于轻度 IDA 组小于对照组，差异均有统计学意义(P< 0.05)；但与中度 IDA 组比较，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论RBC 及 MCV 是鉴别儿童地中海贫血和 IDA 的良好指标，可用于快速筛查地中海贫血 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的 对社区糖尿病患者发放自行设计的糖尿病自我管理能力调查问卷进行调查，了解社区糖尿病患者自我管理能力的实际水平。 方法 2012年10月至2013年10月选择广东省东莞市茶山镇社区糖尿病患者300例，发放自行设计的糖尿病自我管理能力调查问卷进行调查，收回有效问卷286份（95.3%），同时结合社区慢病健康检查的要求，同步检测空腹血糖（FBG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）水平，对调查结果进行统计分析，并研究其相关性。 结果 不同性别、文化程度、个人月均收入、糖尿病病程者HbA1c水平比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；在多进食纤维含量高的食物、每天进行中等强度锻炼（如快步走、游泳、爬山、骑自行车等）、定期到医院测量尿中糖含量及每天洗脚/泡脚且及时擦拭干净脚趾缝间的水渍等方面自我管理能力得分较低。 结论 社区糖尿病患者自我管理能力总体处于低下状态。如何从社区卫生服务的实际出发探索切合实际的社区健康教育方式方法，提出相应策略成为当务之急，也是下一步研究的重要任务。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A relatively high proportion of vegetable waste is ever increasing in China in recent years, with the rapid development of agriculture. A large amount of spoiled vegetable waste also continues to accumulate. There is a serious threat to environmental health, due to a huge waste of resources. It is a high demand to treat this vegetable waste. Fortunately, anaerobic fermentation has been an important technical way to treat agricultural waste for clean energy. Meanwhile, the biogas slurry and biogas residue produced by fermentation can also be used as organic fertilizer to improve soil fertility. This study aims to clarify the effect of the additives on the thermostatic anaerobic fermentation and aerobic treatment of the mixed raw materials. The process was realized for the rapid conversion of biomass to biogas and biogas fertilizer. Firstly, the ratio of Volatile Solid (VS) was selected as 1:1:1 for the cow dung, tomato stems, and leaves. Three devices were utilized in the 0.56 m3 constant-temperature fermentation, including the no-adding, adding mass concentrations of 1 g/L urea, and 1 g/L plant ash. Among them, the Total Solid (TS) was 8%. The constant temperature batch was set as a fermentation temperature of (26±2)℃ and a period of 54 days during anaerobic fermentation. Secondly, the remaining biogas slurry was treated with the (30±1)℃ and 12 L/min aerobic aeration treatment for 8h. Some parameters were measured in the biogas production, including methane production, pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Oxidation-reduction Potential (ORP), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), volatile fatty acid contents (VFAs), NH+ 4 -N contents change, biogas fertilizer biotoxicity, and nutrient contents. A comparison was then made to explore the effects of the combination of anaerobic fermentation with different additives and aerobic treatment of biogas slurry on the biogas and fertilizer production performance of the device. The results show that each addition after 28d before the reaction presented a significant effect on the systematic biogas production and methane synthesis. Specifically, the best performance was achieved in the urea group during the anaerobic fermentation phase. The cumulative biogas and methane production were 4 917, and 1 746.4 L, respectively, which increased by 91% and 128.7%, compared with the blank group, whereas, 12.6% and 69.4%, compared with the plant ash group. Furthermore, the methane volume fraction of 50% in the urea group and the total system biogas yield of 80% (namely 5 346 L) were all 5d earlier than that of the blank group. However, the total biogas production and total methane production in the whole cycle blank group were higher than in the other two groups. The fastest time was 1, 4, and 1h during the aerobic treatment phase, respectively, particularly for the complete biogas slurry ripening in the blank groups, plant ash, and urea groups. In this case, the germination indexes (GI) were 98%, 124.5%, and 100.4%, respectively, and the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) were 5 670, 5 350, and 7 010 mg/L, respectively, while the volumes of NH+ 4 -N were 734.4, 538.1 and 862.1 mg/L, respectively. In summary, the best biological effectiveness and production quality of the biogas slurry were achieved in the urea group system. The standard is still needed for the nutrient supplement, or concentrated treatment, compared with the mixed liquid fertilizer. This finding can provide a strong reference to improve the biogas and fertilizer production quality of anaerobic fermentation, in order to reduce the secondary environmental pollution caused by the biogas fertilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 21st century, excellent human resources have become the main force to promote social progress. A unit holding rich human resources means that it has more competitive. So that much attention has been paid to reduce the outflow of talents. College students' opening and innovation laboratory is a base to cultivate the backup talents of science and technology for the society. Its efficient solid team construction is impacted greatly by the outflow of talents. The outflow block the progress and development of the lab. The paper expounds the causes, influence and corresponding solving measures of the outflow based on the background of the college students' opening and innovation laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slope cultivated land has been the major grain production base to ensure food security and ecological protection in the mountainous karst areas of southwest China. It is necessary to clarify the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the slop cultivated land at present. In this study, a quantitative analysis was performed on the spatiotemporal evolution of slope cultivated land in different terrain gradients using high-precision remote sensing images and Digital Elevation Models (DEM) from 2004 to 2020. Puding County in the typical karst mountainous areas of central Guizhou Province, China was selected as the study area. The driving mechanism was proposed for the slope cultivated land evolution from the terrain niche index, kernel density, and dynamic indicators of cultivated utilization. The results show that: 1) There were the typical characteristics of “more in the southeast and less in the northeast” for the slope cultivated land in the study area from 2004 to 2020. The distribution of slope cultivated land in 2020 mainly belonged to the low-density area of kernel density, followed by the medium-density area, while the high-density area occupied an ever-decreasing small proportion of the area. 2) The contraction of slope cultivated land was classified into three stages: the sharp contraction (2004-2009) with the highest abandonment rate of high terrain slope cultivated land, the slow contraction (2009-2015) with the highest contraction speed of medium terrain slope cultivated land, and the accelerated contraction (2015-2020) with the highest contraction speed of low terrain slope cultivated land. There were spatiotemporal differences in the different terrain gradient ranges in the slope cultivated land. 3) There was the largest area of slope cultivated land in the first and third terrain gradient ranges. 69.67% of the overall transformation area was converted from the low-quality slope cultivated land in the high terrain into forest and grassland. 38.14% of the overall transformation area was shifted from the slope cultivated land with the excellent production conditions in the low terrain to the garden and construction land. 4) The slope cultivated land evolved from the steep to the gentle slope, and from the high to low elevation, indicating the decrease in the aggregation degree. The slope cultivated land in the high terrain was also transformed to improve the regional ecological benefits. The slope cultivated land in the middle and low terrain greatly contributed to the regional ecological-economic benefits. 5) The multiple factors were attributed to the spatiotemporal evolution of slope cultivated land. Specifically, the natural and geographical environment was the basic support, while the social and economic factors were the leading factors, and the policy factors were the external pull. The path of “agricultural restructuring - slope cultivated land transformation” was attributed to the evolution of slope cultivated land in the low terrain gradient, while the “policy-driven - labor migration - slope cultivated land abandonment” was for the middle terrain gradient, and the “resource endowment - slope cultivated land transformation” was for the high terrain. There were different dominant influencing factors of slope cultivated land in the different gradient terrain. The finding can also provide a scientific reference for land use optimization and ecological protection in the mountainous karst areas in southwest China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemerocallis fulva is one of the most popular flowers rich in bioactive substances, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids anthraquinones, particularly on antioxidant, antidepressant and anticancer. The extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties can also greatly contribute to the popularization of H. flower in the agricultural industry. However, only a few reports were focused on the extraction, forms and antioxidant activities of phenolic compounds in the H. flower. The present study aims to explore the effects of different extraction on the content, composition and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds in various Hemerocallis flowers. Five kinds of flowers with different colors (yellow, orange, red-orange, jujube red, and bright red) were selected as raw materials. Three processing treatments (ultrasound, enzymolysis-ultrasound, and fermentation-ultrasound) were also utilized to determine the content of total flavonoids, total polyphenols, and scavenging rate of free radicals. Furthermore, high-performance liquid chromatography was adopted to identify the free, conjugated, and bound fractions of phenolic compounds, where the relationship was also established between phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Specifically, the types of total flavonoids and polyphenols were as follows: 'Hongyingwu', '63#', 'Jianzhuanglilan', 'Meiguixiniu', and 'Taiyangwu'. The results showed that there was a significant difference (P＜0.05) of antioxidant activity in the different varieties of flowers, where the antioxidant activity was positively correlated with phenolic content. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities of flowers depended mainly on the varieties and extraction. More importantly, the vitamin C equivalents of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) were 44.32, 40.63, 38.24, 37.64, and 35.60 mg/g, respectively, for the 'Hongyingwu', '63#', 'Jianzhuanglilan', 'Meiguixiniu' and 'Taiyangwu' under the fermentation-ultrasonic processing. The corresponding ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) vitamin C equivalents were 39.74, 36.24, 30.88, 28.38 and 24.88 mg/g, respectively. The vitamin C equivalent of DPPH of 'Hongyingwu' increased from 38.24 mg/g by ultrasonic extraction to 41.49 mg/g by enzymatic ultrasonic extraction and 44.32 mg/g by fermentation-ultrasonic extraction. The vitamin C equivalent of ABTS of 'Hongyingwu' increased from 31.82 mg/g by ultrasonic extraction to 35.12 mg/g by enzymatic ultrasonic extraction and 39.74 mg/g by fermentation-ultrasonic extraction. Among the three fractions, the content of phenolic compounds in the free fraction was the highest, accounting for more than 75% of the total contents. Enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation significantly (P＜0.05) improved the contents of most phenolic compounds in the free fraction of 'Hongyingwu'. Particularly, the p-Coumaric acid was newly detected, while the free quercetin content after fermentation reached three times that of the original. The Vitamin C equivalent of DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging rate of free phenols increased from 40.53 and 35.57 mg/g for ultrasonic processing to 48.20 and 47.40 mg/g for fermentation-ultrasonic processing, respectively. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, and rutin in the free fraction were highly correlated with the antioxidant activity, indicating a great contribution to antioxidant activity. The finding can provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of H. flower in functional foods and cosmetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In rural area of China, due to low income, it has been popularly used for winter-heating with straws and coal. The heating method is so backward that it is promising for heating with solar energy. Since the heat gain from sun is limited to specific area, it is essential to improve the efficiency of solar energy utilization. Some researchers found that on-off modes of circulating pump took obvious effects on heating performance of central heating. In this paper, three different kinds of on-off modes were applied to the solar floor heating system in order to discover the influence of on-off modes. The experiment was conducted during the winter in a single-storey building in Zhangma Village, Minqing county, Gansu province, China. The total area of the building is 117 m2, the residential area of about 103 m2, whose actual heating areas is 64 m2. The heating system consists of 6 sets of vacuum tube solar collectors. Each collector consists of 40 vacuum tubes in Φ58 mm × L 1 800 mm with a 400 L water tank. The heating period was 17:00-23:30 every day in Dec 2015. The system had the same water-flowing duration of 8 min and three different intermittent durations, 5 min intermittent durations on Dec 3th, 11 min on Dec 25th, and 6 min on Dec 30th. Various parameters, such as the solar radiation intensity, the supply and return temperature of the system, the tank temperature, the ambient temperature, the flow rate and the ambient wind speed, were all measured by various sensors in the experiment. All measured parameters were acquisited and recorded automatically by the Agilent 34970A every 10 s. The variation law of difference of supply and return temperature during the heating period was analyzed, the heat supply, heat loss rates, energy consumptions, the solar fractions and average heating efficiency of the system all were calculated, the correlations between various factors with the heat supply were analyzed. The experimental results reveal the following: With the same water-flowing durations, the longer the discontinuous time, the greater the difference of supply and return temperature. Compared with the time interval of 5 min, the solar fraction of the time interval of 6 min was increased by 5.27%, heat loss rate of the system decreased by 2.79%, and the operating energy consumption decreased by 6.67%. The time interval of 6 min had the highest average heating efficiency of the system in 3th to 29th in Dec 2015. Various factors discussed were significantly correlated with the heat supply. The supply temperature and the ambient temperature had greater impact on the heat supply, but the flow rate and the ambient wind speed had less impact on it. According to the operation modes of the solar floor heating system, the water-flowing time was longer than the displacing time of water stored in the pipes under the floor. Not only the water supply displaced the hot water in the pipes completely every time, but also there was some high temperature water flowing through the return pipe. In the further operation, the water-flowing time should be reduced, so that the water-flowing time could be equal to the displacing time of water in the pipes, and the high temperature water was prevented from losing excessive heat through the return pipe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loropetalum subcordatum(Hamamelidaceae)is one of rare and endangered species, and endemic species to China. The population structure is an element issue for its protection. The innovation of this paper was to analyzed population characteristics of L. subcordatum in Maolan Karst Natural Reserve, Guizhou Province and to provide countermeasure for protecting L. subcordatum. We investigated the population diameter structure, static life table and studied survival curve of L. subcordatum based on the survey. The results showed were as follows:(1)Proportion of the individual number of L. subcordatum was diameter Class Ⅳ(2.5 cm≤DBH<5 cm), which accounted for 27.0%, and the seedling bank accounted for 24.7%. Therefore, the population was stable with lots of seedling and young trees pool.(2)Diameter class Ⅱ(h>1.3 m, DBH<1 cm)and Class I(h<1.3 m)has the highest life expectancy. At Class V(5 cm≤DBH<7.5 cm), there was an inflection point of life expectancy. In Class I, Class Ⅱ, Class Ⅲ and Class IV, the life expectancy of L. subcordatum decreased with the age increasing. In Class VI, Class Ⅶ, Class Ⅷ and Class IX, the life expectancy of L. subcordatum was increased firstly and then decreased with the age increasing.(3)Class V had the highest mortality and disappeared rate, because of the environmental sieve especially water stress. The trend of mortality curve was consistent with disappeared rate curve and the curve was up and then slightly down with aging.(4)The survival curve was monotone decreased except for Class Ⅱ to Class Ⅲ(1 cm≤DBH<2.5 cm).(5)To protect the species more effectively, the best way is in-situ conservation(on-site maintenance). The medium diameter class of L. subcordatum needs more attention to tending. The L. subcordatum population in Maolan can have a better recovery potential, as long as continue to maintain the reforestation politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to ensure the annual gas demand of farmers in North China and explore the gas characteristics in the household biogas digester with constant temperature, the 3 m3 solar constant temperature biogas digester was developed. Stability of the biogas, biogas characteristics under different fermentation temperature and different fermenting materials, annual biogas characteristics, and operation strategy were studied with this system. The batch type experimental research showed that the system could be run steadily and continuously throughout the year. And the annual cumulative production of biogas was 398.52 m3 under the weather conditions in Lanzhou area. The system could realize constant temperature anaerobic fermentation at 26, 28 and 37 ℃ when the lowest ambient temperature exceeded -19.9, 0.7 and 6.9 ℃, respectively. In addition, the methane volume fraction was improved prominently or the production gas cycle was shortened when the pig manure was mixed with corn straw, wormwood and lotus leaves by a certain mixing proportion. Compared with pig manure fermentation, the volume fraction of methane of biogas produced by mixed material was promoted by about 8% as the volume ratio of raw material pig manure ∶ wormwood ∶ water ∶ inoculums was 1∶2∶2∶1. It could shorten the fermentation period remarkably when the wormwood, lotus and pig mature were taken as fermentation materials. At the end of the fermentation process with the mixed material at 37 ℃, the daily biogas production was difficult to meet consumers′ demand. And the daily average biogas production could keep 0.8 m3 in a week if we supplied 0.025 m3 new material with the same proportion. This experiment can provide reference for the efficient use of renewable energy. Utilizing the mixed materials can regulate the gas production and gas quality, and advices can be adopted for users to use raw materials which come from local resources according to season conditions. Three pails of new materials with same proportion(0.025 m3) are needed to replenish for anaerobic fermentation equipment every week, when the stability of gas production is unsure and the daily gas production is hard to satisfy users requirement that is to keep the daily gas production of 0.8 m3 one week. When the gas consumption increases, the measures that regulate temperature and feed to add the gas production can be adopted to satisfy the biogas utilization demand. The biogas production system with constant temperature operates steadily all the year round. Meanwhile, biogas can completely satisfy the demand of 3-5 people′s household cooking and gas in a year. And the biogas digester using pig manure as raw materials can still achieve the gas production with(26±1.5) ℃ constant temperature and the daily biogas production of over 1.3 m3, when the average environmental temperature range is between -23.8 and -5 ℃ in winter, even encountering 3 successive overcast or snowy weather. The biogas digester using pig manure and wormwood as raw materials can achieve the 37℃ gas production and the daily biogas production of over 1.7 m3. And when the year-round solar radiation range is 11.7-17.4 MJ/m2, the fermentation tank per cubic meter needs 10 glass vacuum tube solar collectors of φ58 mm×1 800 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

妇产科护理学是一门综合性、应用性较强的学科,学生不仅需要掌握妇产科专科护理理论知识与各项护理操作技能,更需要不断提高自我的心理护理、人际沟通能力及人文关怀素养精神,最终成为适应我国护理事业发展的应用型复合护理人才。在护理学教学中引入情绪调节自我效能感的概念,情绪调节的方法和措施有利于提高学生的学习自主性、同理心及综合分析解决问题的能力。此外,对培养护生自身良好的情绪也起到了一定的促进作用。将情绪调节自我效能感引入到妇产科护理学教学中旨在促进"以教师为中心"向"以学生为中心"教学理念的转变,提高护理专业学生的心理承受能力,提升学生情绪管理能力,增强学生的学习积极性和主动性,促进妇产科护理事业的健康发展。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]