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Increasing carbon productivity is an effective means to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality. To coordinate the relationship between economic growth and carbon emissions reduction in the Yellow River Basin, the carbon productivity of 9 provinces（regions） in the Yellow River Basin from 2007 to 2017 is calculated. Based on DEA-Malmquist’s total factor carbon productivity model, the spatiotemporal evolution trajectory and spatial distribution pattern of total factor carbon productivity of 9 provinces（regions） is deduced. The potential improvement space of total factor carbon productivity is scientifically decomposed and the influencing factors of the spatiotemporal evolution of carbon productivity is identified. Based on this, the improvement path of carbon productivity in the Yellow River Basin is condensed. The results show that, 1) in the time dimension, the carbon productivity of 9 provinces（regions） rise steadily with the growth of per capita GDP,an increase of 283.3%, while the total factor carbon productivity remains at around 1.000. 2) In the spatial dimension, the regional heterogeneity of carbon productivity and total factor carbon productivity is relatively large affected by economic development and resource endowments, showing a spatial evolution pattern of “downstream significantly higher than midstream, and midstream slightly higher than upstream”. 3) From the point of influencing factors, the midstream and upstream belong to technical efficiency-driven, the role of technological progress is weak, while the downstream is a co-promotion type of technological progress and technological efficiency. Based on this, this paper proposes strategic suggestions such as innovating institutional mechanisms, promoting low-carbon development models, focusing on lowcarbon technology innovation, accelerating energy structure adjustment, strengthening regional integration cooperation, and improving factor allocation efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon ecological compensation is an effective means to coordinate regional ecological protection, promote economic development and achieve carbon neutrality. In order to build a diversified ecological compensation mechanism, promote the low-carbon transformation of the basin and achieve the goal of carbon neutrality in the Yellow River Basin, this paper took 9 provinces （regions） along the Yellow River as the research area, combined carbon neutrality targets with ecological compensation mechanisms and constructed a theoretical framework model of carbon ecological compensation. Based on carbon emissions and carbon sinks, the subject and object of carbon compensation were determined and supplementary example was used to explore the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of carbon ecological compensation in the Yellow River Basin from 2007 to 2017. The results show that the regional heterogeneity of carbon compensation credits in the 9 provinces （regions） along the Yellow River, affected by the level of economic and social development, resources endowments, carbon resources use efficiency, willingness to pay and ability is relatively larger in terms of the temporal and spatial pattern. Except for Ningxia, Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu and Inner Mongolia in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River contribute more to carbon emission reduction and sequestration and they are carbon compensated areas. The middle and lower reaches of Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong are carbon payment areas. The carbon deficit of Shanxi and Shandong is significantly higher than that of other provinces and the improvement of the ecological environment has a certain degree of lag. It is urgent to transform the economic development model to improve the matching degree of regional carbon emissions and resources endowment characteristics. Based on the results, policy recommendations for the construction of low-carbon transition and diversified ecological compensation mechanism in the Yellow River Basin are condensed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]