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The aim of this study was to develop an in vitro two-step method to simulate the digestive process of donkeys and evaluate the nutritional value of 8 protein feeds using in vivo nylon bag and in vitro two-step methods. Three Xinjiang donkeys of similar weight and age were selected. In vivo and in vitro methods were employed to study dry matter degradation rates and fermentation parameters of the 8 protein feeds. The results showed that: ① comparison between in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that the dry matter degradation rates of fish meal, cottonseed meal, and sunflower meal were significantly higher in the in vitro method than in the in vivo method (P<0.05). ② In enzymatic digestion in vitro, the dry matter degradation rates of fish meal and soybean meal were significantly higher than the other 6 protein feeds (P<0.05). In microbial fermentation in vitro, blood meal and sunflower meal had significantly higher dry matter degradation rates than the other 6 protein feeds (P<0.05). ③ For gas production during fermentation, soybean meal had significantly higher total gas production than the other 7 protein feeds (P<0.05). ④ In vitro fermentation parameters showed that rapeseed meal and meat and bone meal had significantly higher pH values than the other 6 protein feeds (P<0.05). Ammonia nitrogen content was significantly higher in fish meal and blood meal than in the other 6 protein feeds (P<0.05). Acetic acid content in sunflower meal was significantly higher than in the other 7 protein feeds (P<0.05). In conclusion, using enzymatic digestion and microbial inoculation of donkey feces to simulate the digestive process of donkeys can reflect the real situation of protein feed degradation and digestion in donkeys. There are differences among different protein feeds, with soybean meal, blood meal, and fish meal showing higher dry matter degradation rates compared to other protein feeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industrial Minerals & Processing / Huagong Kuangwu yu Jiagong is the property of Industrial Minerals & Processing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University is the property of Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of South Architecture / Nanfang Jianzhu is the property of South Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Light Industry Machinery is the property of Light Industry Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs is the property of Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Light Industry Machinery is the property of Light Industry Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Light Industry Machinery is the property of Light Industry Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University is the property of Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University is the property of Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Water Conservancy & Electric Power Technology & Application is the property of Omniscient Pte. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To improve the segmentation accuracy and timeliness of raw cotton mixed impurity images, a new improved UNet model of raw cotton impurity segmentation algorithm was proposed. A new coding module was designed based on the ResNet50 structure, and one convolutional layer was used to replace the last three residual modules and the fully connected layer to implement optimization of the model parametric quantities and improve the extraction of image feature information. The loss function of CEloss and Dice loss was designed to optimize the imbalance between positive and negative samples and improve the segmentation ability of the model for fine impurities. Finally, the migration learning method was applied to pre-train the encoder for the initialization of the backbone network weights based on the VOC dataset to further optimize the slow convergence of the model due to the small amount of image data. The experimental validation shows that the MPA value of the method is improved by 24.52%, the accuracy rate reaches 88.24%, and the processing time of a single image is shortened to 21.9 ms, which is 49.42% higher than that of the traditional method. The improved method described is effective in improving the accuracy and timeliness of image segmentation of raw cotton impurities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Geoscientica Sinica is the property of Acta Geoscientica Sinica Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of China University of Petroleum is the property of China University of Petroleum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bearing is the property of Bearing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate the analgesic effect of ultrasound-guided intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) block on patients with distal humeral fracture who need surgical treatment through posterior approach. Methods: One hundred and forty-nine patients with distal humeral fracture were enrolled in Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital from February 2016 to March 2021. They underwent elective surgery via posterior approach under non-general anesthesia and were selected for retrospective analysis. They were divided into two groups according to the way of nerve block: 107 cases of brachial plexus block (BP group), and 42 cases of brachial plexus combined with ICBN block (ICB group). The ICB group was divided into two subgroups according to different approaches of ICBN block: 17 cases in "under pectoralis minor" group (ICB1 group) and 25 cases in "axillary region" group (ICB2 group). The general condition of the four groups, the intraoperative sufentanil dosage, visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score, sedation rate and other analgesic demand rates were analyzed. Results • There was no significant difference in age, sex, ASA classification, BMI, operation time and bleeding volume between the BP group and ICB group (P>0.05). There was also no significant difference in these general features between the ICB1 group and ICB2 group (P>0.05). The usage of sufentanil, VAS score, sedation rate and other analgesic drug demand rates in the ICB group were lower than those in the BP group (P=0.001, P=0.000, P=0.012, P=0.018), which was statistically significant. There was no significant difference in aspects mentioned above between the two subgroups (P>0.05). Conclusion • Compared with brachial plexus block alone, ICBN block combined with brachial plexus block can significantly enhance the analgesic effect in the operation of distal humeral fracture through posterior approach, and the analgesic effect of the two ICBN block techniques is similar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Engineering Mechanics / Gongcheng Lixue is the property of Engineering Mechanics Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: With the development of urbanization, urban structure and traffic conditions are be‑ coming more and more complex, and it is difficult to design and implement of urban emergency evacuation. Based on existing research results, we propose a novel organized evacuation plans with collaborative optimization strategy, named OrCOS. Methods: The object of the OrCOS is the dense crowd in the city which needs to be evacuated immediately. With some strategies about collaborative exits allocating and path planning, OrCOS can reduce the evacuation time and the congestion time of evacuees, and achieve the more ef‑ ficient evacuation plan. The idea of OrCOS is as follows: (1) Model urban road network and evacuees. Ur‑ ban road network is defined as vertex‑arc network and residents of one city block are abstracted as an evacuee group with consistent moving features. (2) Determine the shortest path of each evacuee group. Based on the Floyd's shortest path algorithm, the nearest exit and the shortest path of each evacuee group can be deter‑ mined. (3)Smooth the difference of occupancy time between exits by reallocating exits of specific evacuee groups until the difference is minimized. (4) Re‑plan evacuation route of each group. Because of the interference between evacuee groups, the groups' fastest path need to be re‑planed to optimize evacuation time. Results: Some experiments are carried out in a simulated road network with 247 vertexes and 312 road arcs (449.8 km in total). The total evacuation time (T) and the average congestion time (Tc) are analyzed. Experimental results show that: (1) T and Tc decrease with the increase of the exits' number. When 8 exits are employed, 490 thousand people need 35 min to complete the evacuation. (2) T and Tc increase with the number of evacuees. With 3 exits, 2.44 million evacuees take 4 hours 22 minutes to complete evacuation. In addition, we also conduct comparison experiments between the shortest path evacuation scheme (SE), the staged multi‑exit evacuation scheme(SRE), and OrCOS, to show the differences of T, Tc, and the algorithm running time (Tr),which show that:(1)In most cases, OrCOS often has shorter T than others, especially when the number of evacuees is larger. (2)OrCOS has the slightly better Tc than SRE, and SE has the worst Tc. (3)OrCOS has the worst Tr than others, because of its huge demand for collaborative computing. In summary, OrCOS has stronger ability of evacuation than SE and SRE. Conclusions: We propose a novel method: OrCOS, by collaborative optimization strategy, which provide an efficient evacuation plan for urban emergency evacuation. Experimental results demonstrate that OrCOS has better performance in urban road network. It provides a new idea for the multi‑exits simultaneous evacuation in high‑density crowd scene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of China University of Petroleum is the property of China University of Petroleum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)