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距骨外侧突骨折（FLPT）在所有骨折类型中占比较低，容易漏诊或误诊。FLPT损伤机制多样，足部背屈、 内翻、外翻、外旋、轴向撞击等都可导致。FLPT 常用的分型方法包括 Hawkins 分型、McCrory-Bladin 分型、Boack 分 型、Tinner-Sommer分型以及最新的张英泽分型。临床上对FLPT的诊断首选X线检查，但由于足部副骨和骨赘较为 常见，在X线片上与其他骨折鉴别困难，因此常常需要进一步通过CT检查进行判断。FLPT的主要治疗方式包括石 膏外固定、闭合或切开复位内固定、骨块切除和关节融合等。大部分患者FLPT经治疗后预后良好，并且随着关节镜 技术日益成熟，患者预后优良率明显提升。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the risk factors of persistent infection of high-risk human papillomavirus after radical hysterectomy for early cervical cancer. Methods A total of 159 early-stage cervical cancer patients who underwent radical hysterectomy or laparoscopic radical hysterectomy at the Kunming Maternal and Child Health Hospital between January 2021 and November 2023 were selected. Based on the postoperative 1a follow-up visit for HR-HPV persistent infection status, they were divided into two groups: HR-HPV positive group （n = 41） and HR-HPV negative group （ n = 118） . The general data, vaginal microbiota status，surgical approach, postoperative pathology results， etc.， of the two groups of patients were analyzed to study the risk factors associated with postoperative HR-HPV persistence in early-stage cervical cancer patients. Results Univariate and multivariate regression analysis showed that the HR-HPV persistent positive group and HR-HPV negative group, the risk factors of HR-HPV persistent positivity in patients with early cervical cancer after operation were menopause, late stage of operation, vaginal microecological disorder/sub-disorder （P < 0.05），but laparoscopic minimal invasive surgery was not. OR of vaginal microecological abnormality was 12.574，OR of menopause was 3.510. Conclusion Menopausal and vaginal microecological disorders are important risk factors for HR-HPV clearance in patients with radical hysterectomy for early cervical cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Splendid attire tops of Guizhou Huangping Miao women have a strong branch recognition. From the color point of view, the satin fabric and the overall purple brown（undyed） or golden green（dyed） color system are rare in Guizhou Miao clothing. From the point of view of pattern, Huangping women’s splendid attire tops are almost entirely decorated with rare and abstract geometric patterns which have rich “number” connotations. From the point of view of decorative characteristics, the unique “back center perspective” constitutes a unique display of the back perspective focus, which is in sharp contrast with other formal clothes of Miao women in Guizhou. In the past, there were only few studies on Huangping clothing of Guizhou Miao, including Yang Shizhang’s Huangping Miao Costume Trial and A Brief Discussion on the Art of Huangping Miao Costume, Pan Mei’s Miao People’s Embroidery Pattern of Huangping, Guizhou, China and Xiao Shaoju’s Mathematics Factor Digging and Mathematics Beauty of the Miao Nationality Finery, etc. These articles respectively start from the perspectives of overview, patterns and pattern numbers, which does not match the color, pattern and decorative aesthetic art characteristics of most Guizhou Miao costumes presented by Huangping Miao costumes. Therefore, the study of Huangping Miao women’s splendid attire tops is of great significance.Starting from the research method of physical sample analysis, we comprehensively interpreted the artistic characteristics of splendid attire tops by combining some plane composition rules and aesthetic principles, and sorted out five artistic characteristics of Guizhou Huangping Miao women’s splendid attire tops. First, the splendid attire top of Guizhou Huangping Miao women is flatly cut and hand-sewn collared placket, and geometric patterns are distributed on the back, sleeves, shoulders and placket. The bottom is a pleated skirt with relatively fine pleats, and the hem is embroidered with multiple horizontal patterns. Auxiliary clothing is divided into head clothing, waistband, belt, foot clothing and leg wrap, and auxiliary clothing ornaments and tops usually have certain echoes. Second, in terms of clothing styling, Huangping Miao women’s splendid attire tops have the long front and short shape characteristics and the practicality of concealment. The body and sleeves of the splendid attire top are cut directly, reflecting the flatness and integrity of the “T” shaped structure, while the collar part creates a unique three-dimensional space in the form of splicing. Third, the color brightness of the Huangping Miao women’s splendid attire tops is low, and the overall color is warm with cold. The color scheme of the sleeves, collar and back of the coat also has its own characteristics. Fourth, Huangping Miao women’s splendid attire tops show the decorative characteristics through abstract geometric ornaments, the luster of golden-green tones and the complex and simple contrast of the distribution of ornaments, and at the same time, the unique symbolic ornaments on the placket, sleeves and back also reflect a certain arrangement law. Fifth, from the perspective of aesthetics, the decoration of the Huangping Miao women’s splendid attire top has rational beauty and structural organization rules, and the geometric decoration of the top shows a unique numerical law, reflecting the traditional concept of the Miao people advocating singularity. As a cultural symbol of Miao costumes, the splendid attire top pattern not only has the figure of ancient Chinese clothing patterns, but also embodies the ingenuity of Miao women. Through horizontal and vertical division, as well as repeated arrangement in the same orientation, the back pattern of clothing presents the centripetal, symmetrical and balanced distribution characteristics. At the same time, the combination of “point”, “line” and “surface” together constitutes the “back center perspective” of the back of Huangping women’s splendid attire tops, making the square block in the middle of the back become the visual focus center.We comprehensively interpret the style, shape and structure, color characteristics, decorative and pattern characteristics, and aesthetic characteristics of women’s splendid attire tops of Huangping and Miao ethnic groups in Guizhou, and deeply explore the unique rational beauty of Huangping splendid attire tops composed of geometric patterns and rich digital connotations, as well as the unique “back center perspective” composed of “points”, “lines” and “surfaces” on the back of the top. From the perspective of development and inheritance, although the color of Huangping Miao women’s splendid attire tops is rich, the color fastness is poor, which is not conducive to wearing and storage, and affects the lasting continuity of Huangping Miao women’s splendid attire tops. This is also an important research aspect that we need to pay attention to in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: As a unique structure of the cervical spine, the occurrence, development and progression of the uncovertebral joint directly affect the stability and range of motion of the cervical spine, and are also closely related to the pathogenesis of cervical spondylosis. A thorough understanding of the developmental characteristics of the uncovertebral joint is of great significance for the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of cervical spondylosis. OBJECTIVE: By using imaging and three-dimensional reconstruction technology to measure and observe the cervical uncinate process-related angle in a large sample of different age groups, the aim is to reveal the characteristics of its changes with age and vertebral growth, as well as its relationship with cervical spine stability. METHODS: Using a retrospective research design, we collected 1 447 cases of raw CT imaging data that meet the study requirements for complete cervical spine segments. The raw data were imported into Mimics 21.0 software in DICOM format for post-processing and measurement of angle of uncinate process and sagittal angle of uncinate process. The data were grouped based on gender, age, and side. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) With the increase of vertebral sequence, the angle of uncinate process increased in a V-shaped shape, and the lowest peak was at C5. The overall population showed a sharp peak with the increase of age, and the peak value mostly occurred in the age range of 30-39 years. (2) The sagittal angle of the uncinate process increased like a fishhook with the increase of the vertebral sequence, and the overall angle of the uncinate process increased with age, and the peak value mostly occurred in the age range of 20-29 years. The uncinate process angle and sagittal angle showed only partial significant differences between sides and genders (P < 0.05). (3) It is concluded that the angle of the uncinate process increased with the increase of vertebral sequence in a V-shaped manner. The sagittal angle of the uncinate process increases like a fish hook with increasing vertebral order, while the two angles generally peak with increasing age. The angle of the uncinate process is about 131°, which may be closely related to the stability of the cervical spine, while the sagittal angle of the uncinate process is about 14°, and its function may play a certain role in limiting the excessive rotation of the cervical spine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and pregnancy outcome of hysteroscopic cold knife system in patients with moderate and severe intrauterine adhesions who planned to undergo assisted reproduction. Methods Patients with moderate and severe intrauterine adhesions who planned to undergo assisted reproduction were retrospectively analyzed and divided into cold knife group and electric energy group according to different surgical methods. The basic data and surgical data of all patients were collected, and the pregnancy outcomes of patients were followed up. Results (1) A total of 120 patients were collected in this experiment, including 60 patients in cold knife group and 60 patients in electric energy group. There were no significant differences in operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative complications, postoperative pregnancy rate and live birth rate between the two groups (P > 0.05). In the cold knife group, the proportion of the uterine cavity shape and endometrium restored to the condition of transplantation after two operations was 63.3%; Electrical energy group accounted for 43.3%. The median gestational month of the cold knife group was 2.5 months, which was 1 month earlier than that of the electric energy group. (2) To the extent to which caused by intrauterine adhesions, cold knife group, patients with severe caused by intrauterine adhesions in operative time and intraoperative blood loss and postoperative pregnancy rate and live-birth rate no statistical difference (P > 0.05) electrical energy group of uterine cavity adhesion of surgery in patients with severe bleeding amount of time and have more moderate caused by intrauterine adhesions, and statistically significant (P < 0.005). In the electrical energy group, only 7.7% of the patients with severe adhesions who achieved transplantation conditions after two operations were the lowest among all groups. Conclusions For the patients with moderate and severe intrauterine adhesions who need embryo transfer, the hysteroscopic cold knife system is safe and effective, and the number of operations to break down the adhesions to meet the intimal conditions of embryo transfer is less than that of electric energy instruments. For the pregnancy rate after transplantation, the method of operation and the degree of intrauterine adhesion did not affect the pregnancy rate and live birth rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper sewing kits in Guizhou are a kind of daily storage item, which is mostly made of local handmade paper. The producer uses the folding method to construct a multi-layer space, and draws decorative patterns on it by hand, making the paper sewing kits both practical and artistic. In the past, paper sewing kits used to be an important tool for Miao and Dong women to engage in handicraft skills in Guizhou. In modern life, due to the lack of raw materials, long production cycle, complex production process and other factors, paper sewing kits have gradually disappeared in local people’s daily life, being replaced by some convenient machine,made products. Therefore, the research and innovative development of paper sewing kits are of urgency and important significance. This paper analyzes and studies the visual modeling of paper sewing kits using the research methods of field investigation and physical analysis in combination with the three composition principles, and sorts out the following characteristics: first and foremost, the producer draws rich and layered decorative patterns by hand on the paper sewing kits, including plant patterns, animal patterns and geometric patterns. With the help of plane composition principle, we can find that the visual patterns of paper sewing kits are organically composed of points, lines and planes of different forms organically combined on the skeleton of " Chinese characters shi (ten)" and " mi (meter)" . These patterns with the form of multiple plane composition in the plane space highlight the regular layout and rhythm of the picture. At the same time, the special material texture and original ecological preservation method strengthen the unique texture and charm of the paper sewing kits. Besides, the colors of the paper sewing kits from the external homespun packaging to the internal pattern mainly include blue, yellow, red, green and so on. It is concluded from the analysis of the color composition principle that the paper sewing kits contain the holistic harmonic color and the partial contrast color in the harmonious color relationship, and the color lightness and purity are low. These visual colors not only have decorative function but also contain cultural implications. Red and green are the two most common colors in the paper sewing kit samples seen by the authors, which is obviously related to the local color aesthetic orientation. For example, red and green are the main colors in the decorative parts of Miao women’s costumes in Xijiang. The rich colors conveying the beautiful feelings and sustenance of Guizhou minority women, are also associated with traditional folk customs and religious beliefs. Last but not least, the paper sewing kit is folded and pasted from several pieces of handmade paper, locally known as cover paper. After being unfolded successively, it contains three kinds of boxes with large, medium and small specifications. Different spaces are suitable for storing different sewing supplies. The closed paper sewing kits are as thick as a book, and it is of moderate size and easy to carry around. From the perspective of three-dimensional composition, the producers of paper sewing kits skillfully construct storage space by folding and pasting and realizing the free conversion on a plane and three,dimensional level, which fully improves the utilization rate of space. It can be seen that the paper sewing kits are a folk artwork of ethnic minorities containing the beauty of composition, and its unique visual elements provide abundant inspirations for modern design. To truly integrate this kind of traditional thing into modern life, creative integration with modern design is needed to innovate practical products that not only serve the public but also integrate culture and art. This creative mode is also an effective approach and method to activate traditional folk art in the new era. This paper interprets the decorative patterns, color collocation and structural characteristics of paper sewing kits from the perspectives of plane composition, color composition and three-dimensional composition, and excavates its deep cultural connotation. At the same time, the authors pay attention to the innovative development of paper sewing kits in modern society, hoping to promote the innovative development of traditional things by integrating the visual elements of paper sewing kits with modern design innovation, so as to better inherit national culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the patency of fallopian tube and the rate of intrauterine pregnancy after hysteroscopy and treatment. Methods 39 cases of laparoscopic fenestration of fallopian tube due to previous tubal pregnancy were selected as the fenestration group, 35 cases of laparoscopic resection of fallopian tube were selected as the resection group. Three months after operation, hysteroscopy was performed in both groups to understand the patency of fallopian tube, and for the obstructed fallopian tube, interventional therapy was performed. The patency rate of fallopian tube was compared between the two groups, and the intrauterine pregnancy rate was observed in one year and two groups after hysteroscopy. Results (1) For the fenestration group, the tubal patency rate was 48. 72% ; the uninjured fallopian tube patency rate was 58. 97%. After interventional treatment with guide wire, the rate of affected fallopian tube was 89. 74%, and the rate of uninjured fallopian tube patency was 94. 87%. (2) For the resection group, the patency rate of uninjured fallopian tube was 77. 14%, and the patency rate of fallopian tube after interventional treatment was 91. 43%. (3) On the premise that the fallopian tubes were unobscured, pregnancy rate in the fenestration group was 40. 00% in 14 cases. Pregnancy rate was 34. 37% in 11 cases in the resection group. There was no significant difference in pregnancy rate between the two groups (P>0. 05). Among them, 12 cases were pregnant in the fenestration group within half a year after hysteroscopic surgery, accounting for 85. 74% of pregnancies. There were 10 pregnancies in the fenestration group, accounting for 90. 91% of all pregnancies in the resection group. There was no statistically significant difference in pregnancy rates between the two groups (P > 0. 05). Conclusions Hysteroscopy has significant recanalization effect on the blocked fallopian tubes after tubal pregnancy treatment, and a better repregnancy rate can be obtained half a year after recanalization. Under the condition that the tubal is unobstructed, there is no difference in the rate of second pregnancy between different tubal pregnancy treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the relationship between blood flow changes in myometrium and endometrial artery and intrauterine adhesions after uterine artery embolization by ultrasonography doppler. Methods From November 2017 to September 2018， patients diagnosed with 5-8 weeks gestation by type II cesarean section in the Gynecological Inpatient Department of Kunming Maternity and Child Care Hospital were selected as the experimental subjects. The subjects underwent hysteroscopic hysterectomy after bilateral uterine artery embolization. After the operation， FSH， LH and E2 values were measured on the 5th day of the 1st month and the 3rd month. The PI，RI and endometrial thickness of myometrium and endometrial blood flow were measured by transvaginal ultrasonography 3 days after the treatment. In patients with reduced menstrual volume or amenorrhea， hysteroscopy was performed to determine the degree of intrauterine adhesions and intrauterine adhesions. Results （1） A total of 30 subjects were included in this study， and the values of FSH， LH and E2 in the first and third months after uterine artery occlusion were within the normal range. There was no significant difference in FSH， LH and E2 values between the first and third months after embolization （ > 0.05） . （2） The blood flow PI and RI values of myometrium and intima decreased the most at 24h after embolization. And the myometrium and intima PI continued to decline until 3 months after embolization. RI values of myometrium and intima blood flow began to rise one month after embolization， and were still lower than the level before embolization three months after embolization. （3） There was a significant positive correlation between intrauterine adhesions and previous abortion times， intraoperative blood loss during curettage， and the time of menstruation after curettage. There was a significant negative correlation between RI of myometrial blood flow before embolization and PI of endometrial blood flow at 1 month after embolization. Logistic regression analysis showed that previous history of artificial abortion and PI of intimal blood flow at 1 month after embolization were independent risk factors for uterine cavity adhesion （ < 0.01） . Conclusion Bilateral uterine artery embolization has an effect on uterine myometrium and endometrial blood flow in pregnancy patients with cesarean section. The poor recovery of endometrial blood flow in 1 month after embolization was related to intrauterine adhesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) in patients with moderate or severe endometriosis after laparoscopic surgery. Methods From January 2015 to December 2016，100 patients who were diagnosed with moderate(stage III) or severe (stage IV) endometriosis were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial in Kunming Maternal and Child Health Hospital. After receiving conservative laparoscopic surgery， patients were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group. The patients in the treatment group were injected 3.75 mg GnRH-a (commodity name: Dafilin) for 6 times as a complete treatment. The control group did not receive any drugs after surgery. The two groups were followed up for one year to observe the difference of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) value，VAS scores of pelvic pain， recurrence rate and pregnancy rates between the two groups．Results (1) There was no significant difference between the two groups in CA125 value before and after operation (P>0.05) . (2) No significant difference was observed in VAS scores between two groups before and after surgery(P>0.05) . (3) The treatment group had 4 cases of recurrence(recurrence rate of 4%)， and the control group had 8 cases (8% of recurrence rate) . The comparison of recurrence rate between groups was significantly different(P<0.05) . (4) The pregnancy rate was 30% in the treatment group while that was 14 %in the control group. The observed difference in pregnancy rates was statistically significant(P<0.05). Besides， in the treatment group，9 patients with stage III endometriosis and 6 patients with stage IV were pregnant while in the control group， the number ofpregnant patients were 6 and 1 in patients with stage III and IV endometriosis．The difference in number of pregnant patients with different stages was statistically significant between two groups (P<0.05).The in-group comparison showed that there was a significant difference in the number of pregnancies in patient with stage IV endometriosis between the treatment group and the control group (P<0.05) . Age stratified analysis revealed that the pregnant rate among patients aged over 35 was significantly higher in the treatment group than that in the control group (with P<0.05) ．Conclusion Laparoscopic GnRH-a can reduce the recurrence rate of moderate and severe endometriosis and increase the rate of spontaneous pregnancy in patients over 35 years of age and patients with moderate or severe endometriosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the application of the OSCE training on the intensive training of nursing skills for college students majoring in nursing in the fourth semester．Methods Students from 2013 undergraduate session were investigated．They were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group (n = 134) was trained of the OSCE training, while the control group (n = 135) received of traditional training. After the training, analysis of test scores and questionnaires were used to survey the comments of the two groups of students on intensive training of nursing skills. After two months of practice, the clinical comprehensive ability of the students was evaluated by clinical teachers．Results The experimental group's theory and nursing skills were higher than those of the control group （P ＜0.01） . The experimental group had a positive attitude towards nursing OSCE training. Their familiarity with the operation skills, team cooperation spirits, presentation and communication ability, observation ability, clinical adaptation ability and health education ability were enhanced （P ＜0.01） ．Conclusion The comprehensive simulation training cannot only improve the effectiveness of OSCE training, but also strengthen the students' clinical comprehensive ability and promote the practice quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the short-term efficacy of Jintiange capsules( JTG) and to observe its effect on bone turnover markers. Methods Forty-four volunteers were recruited in JTG efficacy study from our hospital. They were divided into bone mineral density( BMD) abnormal group and normal control group,according to the measurement results using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry( DEXA). They all received JTG for 1 month. Biochemical indexes of bone turnover,including procollagen type I intact N-terminal propeptide( PINP) and β-C-terminal telopeptides of type 1 collagen( β-CTX),were measured before and after the treatment. After the treatment,the short-term efficacy was evaluated using visual analogue score( VAS). The changes of PINP and β-CTX between two groups before and after the treatment were compared using Student ’s t test. Results After JTG treatment,the symptoms of pain or discomfort in muscles were significantly alleviated. PINP and β-CTX in BMD normal group showed no significant difference comparing with that before the treatment. In BMD abnormal group,PINP increased and β-CTX decreased slightly. Conclusion JTG has dual-directional regulation function. It promotes the activity of osteoblasts,inhibits the activity of osteoclasts,and maintains the dynamic balance of bone formation and bone resorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the efficacy of three different methods in the prevention of adhesion after the HEOS system for different degrees of intrauterine adhesions. Methods 284 patients with mild, moderate and severe intrauterine adhesions, who were treated with the HEOS system, were divided into three groups, the intrauterine device with sodium hyaluronate gel was placed in Group A, Foley water capsule tube with sodium hyaluronate gel was placed in Group B, and sodium hyaluronate gel was placed in Group C only. The recovery of uterine adhesion, improvement of menstruation, endometrial thickness, and adverse reactions were compared among the three groups. Results The mild intrauterine adhesions group showed statistical differences among the three groups(P<0.05). Group A had a higher menstrual improvement rate than Group C(P<0.017), and there was no significant difference in other therapeutic indicators (P>0.017). However, the adverse reaction rate in Group A was also higher than that in Group C( P<0.017). In the moderate intrauterine group, there was a significant difference in the improvement rate of intrauterine adhesions between Group B and the other two groups (P<0.017). Group A and B were higher than Group C in terms of menstrual status, endometrial thickness, and adverse reactions(P<0.017). In severe intrauterine adhesions, Group A had higher efficacy indicators than other groups( P<0.017). Conclusions The curative effect index and adverse reaction rate were analyzed, after operation. For the light, moderate, and severe intrauterine adhesions, sodium hyaluronate gel, Foley water capsule tube with sodium hyaluronate gel, and intrauterine device with sodium hyaluronate gel were the best choice for adhesion. Individual and hierarchical management can achieve good clinical effects, which is worth popularizing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: As a unique structure of cervical vertebra, the occurrence and development of uncinate joint are closely related to the stability and range of motion of cervical vertebra, but it is also closely related to the incidence of cervical spondylosis. Understanding the developmental characteristics of uncinate joint is of great significance to the type, diagnosis and treatment of cervical spondylosis. OBJECTIVE: To find the changing rules of uncinate process with age and increasing vertebral order by measuring the related diameters of uncinate process in cervical uncinate joints of different ages. METHODS: In a retrospective study, the imaging data of 1 447 cases of cervical vertebrae of different ages were collected. According to the age, they were divided into < 10 years, 10-19 years, 20-29 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years, 50-59 years, ≥ 60 years groups. The uncinate process length, width, height, uncinate-transverse distance, uncinate process distance, anterior foot distance and posterior foot distance of uncinate process were measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The results showed that there were differences between males and females in the related structure of uncinate process, and the length, height and width of uncinate process increased slowly with the increase of vertebral sequence and age. The distance between uncinate process, the distance between the front foot of uncinate process and the distance between the posterior foot of uncinate process increased slowly with the increase of vertebral sequence, but the distance between them did not change significantly with the increase of age. The distance between hook and transverse increased slowly with the increase of vertebral order, but the change with age was not significant. (2) These results have concluded that there are gender and lateral differences in the uncinate process related structure of the uncinate joint of the cervical vertebra, and the overall trend increases slowly with the increase of age and vertebral order. Mastering the aging characteristics and development law of the uncinate joint can provide a theoretical basis for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of related cervical spondylosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Lesions of structures around the ventral side of the brainstem are located in the deep surface of the craniocervical junction, surrounded by important structures. The far lateral approach is the basic surgical method, but sex and lateral differences should be considered in the approach. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the morphological characteristics of the foramen magnum and occipital condyle by three-dimensional reconstruction measurements, thereby providing anatomical parameters for the far lateral approach to the skull base in clinical practice. METHODS: A total of 673 adult patients (448 males and 225 females) with head and neck CT scans were selected. The age ranged from 20 to 87. The length and width of the foramen magnum were measured. The area and index of the foramen magnum were then calculated by formulas. The length and width of the occipital condyle were measured, as well as the angle between the long and sagittal axis of the occipital condyle (O-S angle), the angle between the line connecting the midpoints of anterior and posterior foramen magnum and the line connecting the midpoint of anterior foramen magnum and the intersection of posterior occipital condyle and lateral foramen magnum (F-O angle), and the angle between the line connecting the midpoints of anterior and posterior foramen magnum and the line connecting the midpoint of anterior foramen magnum and the midpoint of the posterior wall of the hypoglossal canal (F-H angle). The sex and lateral differences of each index were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were statistical differences in foramen magnum indexes except between sexes (P > 0.05). The indexes of occipital condyle were significantly higher in males than in females (P < 0.05) except that the left occipital condyle width in males was lower than that in females (P > 0.05). The O-S angle in males was smaller than that in females, and there was a significant difference in the left O-S angle between sexes (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference between right and left F-H angles. Significant differences were observed in occipital condyle length, occipital condyle width, O-S angle, and F-O angle (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that the parameters of the foramen magnum and occipital condyle were different in sex and on both sides. For the far lateral and transcondylar approaches, the right approach was relatively safe and exposed to a larger range. The length, width, and area of the foramen magnum, the length of the occipital condyle, and O-S angle in males were larger than those in females. Therefore, the sex difference should be considered in the far lateral approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Uncinate processes hyperplasia often leads to cervical spondylosis. Uncinate process resection without internal fixation is of great significance, but there are still many problems. OBJECTIVE: To establish a three-dimensional finite element model of the whole cervical vertebrae (C0-T1), and to explore the characteristics and laws of stress change after excising different ranges of the uncinate process, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the surgical treatment of clinical cervical spondylosis. METHODS: Raw data were obtained from spiral CT thin-section scans of 40-year-old male normal adult volunteers. Mimics, GeomagicStudio, Hypermesh, Abaqus and other software technologies were used to establish (C0-T1) full cervical three-dimensional finite element model. Models of 50% unilateral uncinate processes excision, 100% unilateral uncinate processes excision and 100% bilateral uncinate processes excision were constructed on the C5 vertebral body. After loading the same torque, six working conditions of flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation were assigned to observe changes of stress and displacement of the cervical facet joint in different states after the resection of the uncinate process. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) By constructing the finite element model of the normal cervical vertebrae and the uncinate process in different ranges, after loading the same torque, the stress concentration area of the cervical articular process was now moved up from C6 in the normal group to C5 in the different ranges of uncinate process excision groups. The stress of the nodal process increased with the increase of the vertebral sequence. (2) The stress concentration areas were located at C5 and C6, and the overall shape was sharp. The degree of resection of the uncinate process reduced the stability of the cervical spine, and the degree of reduction increased with the extent of resection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: There is a high similarity of the cervical vertebrae between rhesus monkeys and human, both in terms of the number of cervical vertebrae and the anatomical structure of cervical vertebrae, especially the uncinate joints, which are unique to the cervical vertebrae, so they can be used as an ideal animal experimental model. However, there are few reports on the mechanical comparative study between the two. OBJECTIVE: To establish the finite element model of adult human cervical vertebra and adult rhesus monkey cervical vertebra, to compare the characteristics of stress and displacement of the uncinate joint between human and rhesus monkey cervical vertebra under six working conditions by means of finite element analysis, and to provide theoretical basis for clinical vertebral replacement. METHODS: A 40-year-old adult volunteer and a 7-year-old adult male rhesus monkey were scanned by spiral CT. The original cervical vertebra CT data were introduced into Mimics 21.0 to establish a preliminary three-dimensional model. Through the optimization, assignment, assembly and other tissue grids of each segment of cervical vertebra, intervertebral disc, ligament and so on, the cervical vertebra finite element model was constructed by Abaqus, and 75 N additional load and 1 N·m external force couple moment were loaded on the model. Comparative mechanical analysis was carried out under six working conditions of flexion, extension, lateral area and rotation, in order to find the mechanical change trend and difference between them. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Both human and rhesus monkey cervical vertebrae had the unique structure of uncinate joint of cervical vertebrae. Through finite element modeling, the stress and displacement changes of the uncinate joint between them were basically consistent, and the stress and displacement concentration points were all at C5. There was a significant difference between them. (2) However, the cervical vertebra of rhesus monkey can be used as the best candidate animal for clinical cervical vertebra animal model, and provide theoretical basis for artificial cervical vertebra replacement [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To observe the efficacy of Qiju Dihuang Decoction Combined with sodium hyaluronate eye drops in the treatment of dry eye with liver and kidney yin deficiency and its effects on ocular surface function and tear matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels. A total of 98 patients with dry eye who were treated in the Outpatient Department of Hunan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2018 to March 2021 were selected. They were divided into control group and experimental group randomly, 49 cases in both groups. The control group was treated with sodium hyaluronate eye drops, and the experimental group was treated with Qiju Dihuang Decoction on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. The curative effect, TCM syndrome score, ocular surface function and tear MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels of the two groups were compared, and the incidence of adverse reactions during treatment was observed. The total clinical effective rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). 4 weeks after treatment, the syndrome scores of dry eyes, photophobia, frequent blinking of eyes, dry mouth, redness of white eyes, red tongue, thin fur and fine pulse in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). 4 weeks after treatment, the tear film rupture time (BUT) and tear secretion test (SIT) levels in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, and the score of corneal conjunctival fluorescein staining (FL) was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). 4 weeks after treatment, the levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in tears in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). Qiju Dihuang Decoction Combined with sodium hyaluronate eye drops can promote the relief of symptoms, improve eye surface function and reduce the levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in tears. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Both rhesus monkeys and humans belong to primates, and their cervical vertebra structure, physiological function and living conditions are very similar to those of human beings. However, there are few studies on the finite element analysis of the whole cervical vertebra of rhesus monkeys. OBJECTIVE: To establish the C0-T1 finite element model of cervical vertebrae of adult rhesus monkeys and to make a comparative study between the finite element models of cervical vertebrae of adult rhesus monkeys and human cervical vertebrae in order to find out the difference. METHODS: A 7-year-old adult male rhesus monkey was selected and scanned by multi-slice spiral CT in the Imaging Department of the affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University in December 2019. The original CT data of cervical vertebrae were introduced into Mimics21.0 to establish a preliminary three-dimensional model, and the geometric structure of the model was optimized by Cero to get the simulation three-dimensional model of cervical vertebrae. The assembly model was imported into Hypermesh for tetrahedral gridding to divide the tissue grids of various segments, intervertebral discs and ligaments of cervical vertebrae. Then the finite element model of cervical vertebra was constructed by Abaqus&ANSYS, and the validity was verified by referring to the relevant finite element model literature. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The three-dimensional finite element model of cervical vertebra of rhesus monkey (including C0-T1 and six intervertebral discs and related ligaments) was successfully established, with a total of 536 215 elements and 461 915 nodes. The overall simulation of the model was high, and the fine structure was restored with high precision, resulting in a high biological simulation performance. Comparing the range of motion of this model with that of human cervical vertebra model, we found that the flexion and extension of this model were smaller than those of normal adults (P < 0.05), and left and right lateral bending of C2-3, C3-4 and C6-7 segments was smaller than the range of standard deviation as reported (P < 0.05). However, axial rotation showed no significant difference as compared with the value reported previously (P > 0.05). To conclude, there is a great difference in the exercise efficiency between the finite element models of rhesus monkey cervical vertebra and human cervical vertebra, which can provide a theoretical basis for the study of rhesus monkey cervical vertebra modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To satisfy the need of stubbles and straws crushing returning to field and no-till seeding, a stubble crushing returning to field and fertilizing hill-seeding machine was designed. The machine could accomplish stubbles and straws crushing and returning to field, precision sowing of large grain crops and side fertilization. In order to avoid the blockage of no-till seeding machine in field and seeds falling on crushed stubbles, the key parameters of crushing and scattering device were designed through theoretical analysis, ADAMS simulation and field experiments. Based on theses, it was determined that the length of swing stubble cutter was 159 mm, the thickness of swing stubble cutter was 7 mm, the width of swing stubble cutter was 68 mm, the included angle of Y-shaped intersection of swing stubble cutter was 120°, the height of Y-shaped intersection of swing stubble cutter was 60 mm, the swing stubble cutter was 30 groups, the lead angle of adjacent swing stubble cutter was 85°, the distance of adjacent swing stubble cutter was 67 mm, the distance of two swing stubble cutter end face to shaft end face was 60.5 mm, the length of fixed stubble cutter was 84 mm, the blade length of fixed stubble cutter was 50 mm, the distance of fixed stubble cutter tail end to Y-shaped point of intersection of fixed stubble cutter was 8 mm, the width of fixed stubble cutter was 76 mm, the installation angle of inclination of fixed stubble cutter was 12°, and the blade angle of inclination of fixed stubble cutter was 56.6°. The simulation experiments confirmed that the ranges of the distance of opener front end to swing stubble cutter horizontal position end face was 2-4 cm and the slope angle of straw baffle was 20°～ 25°. Further, the field optimization experiments of two factors and three levels was carried out in Yongqiao district, Luling town, Suzhou city, Anhui province. The three levels of the distance of opener front end to swing stubble cutter horizontal position end face were 2, 3 and 4 cm, the three levels of the slope angle of straw baffle were 20°, 22.5° and 25°. The quadratic multiple regression equation of test factors and seed drying rate was obtained by fitting the test results, and variance analysis and response surface analysis were carried out. The results of analysis showed that the distance of opener front end to swing stubble cutter horizontal position end face had greater influence on the seed drying rate than the slope angle of straw baffle. when the distance of opener front end to swing stubble cutter horizontal position end face was 2.3 cm and the slope angle of straw baffle was 22°, the seed drying rate was 1.65%. The verification experiment showed that the machine was not blocked during the working process, the seed drying rate was 1.58%, acceptability of seeding depth was 81.3%, acceptability of straw smashing length was 96.6%, acceptability of straw scattering range was 90.2%, uneven rate of straw scattering was 11.9%, and pure productivity was 0.37 hm2 /h, the results of verification experiment was better than the standard requirements. The stubble returning to field and fertilizing hill-seeding machine meet the working quality requirement of stubble smashing spilling returning to field and no-till precision sowing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can be induced to differentiate into hapatocytes without mature function. Long-chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays an important part in the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. To date, there is still no report on whether the lncRNA highly up-regulated in liver cancer (HULC) is involved in the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocytes. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of lncRNA HULC in the differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells. METHODS: Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were purchased from the Cell Bank of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China and were cultured in the hepatic differentiation medium containing cytokines in vitro. After 4 weeks of induction, cell morphology was observed under inverted microscope. Hepatocyte specific proteins were analyzed by immunofluorescence. The expression of IncRNA HULC was examined by qRT-PCR. Bone marrow mesenchymal cell lines stably expressing IncRNA HULC were then produced through lentiviral transfection. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transfected with negative lentivirus were used as controls. Two groups of cells were concurrently induced with the hepatic differentiation medium containing cytokines. The expressions of hepatocyte specific genes and proteins were detected and compared between the two groups by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells could be successfully induced into hepatocytes in vitro through the addition of cytokines. The expression of IncRNA HULC was gradually increased during the differentiation. Overexpression of IncRNA HULC caused a marked increase in the expression of hepatocyte specific genes and proteins. To conclude, IncRNA HULC plays an important role in the differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocytes. It will provide a theoretical basis for the application of cell therapy in liver diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the correlation between body mass index, endocrine and metabolic markers in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods: 53 patients who suffered polycystic ovary syndrome from October 2016 to July 2017 were grouped according to BMI, HOMA-IR and testosterone levels. Body weight index(BMI), blood biochemistry, insulin, C peptide and sex hormone and endocrine and metabolic indicators were tested and analyzed. Results: Grouped according to the level of BMI, there were statistical significance in fasting insulin, 60 minutes insulin, 120 minutes of insulin, fasting C peptide, 60 minutes C peptide, 120 minutes C peptide,total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein(P<0.05); Grouped according to the level of the HOMA-IR index, there were statistical significance in fasting blood glucose, 60 minutes blood glucose, 120 minutes blood glucose, fasting insulin,60 minutes insulin, 120 minutes insulin, fasting C peptide, 60 minutes C peptide, 120 minutes C peptide, total cholesterol, triglyceride,low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, LH/FSH, testosterone and estradiol(P<0.05); grouped according to testosterone, there were statistical significance in BMI, fasting insulin, 60 minutes insulin, 120 minutes of insulin, HOMA index, luteinizing hormone, LH/FSH, testosterone and estradiol(P<0.05). Conclusion: Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) is complicated and changeable. It should be treated differently according to the body mass index, endocrine and metabolic characteristics, so as to improve the cure level and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the geological investigation of “Upper Jurassic” Kaikukang Formation in the northeast of Mohe Basin, Northeast China, an unconformity is found between Kaikukang Formation and the underlying Ershierzhan Formation of Middle Jurassic. Meanwhile, the ages of sandstone on the interlayer and volcanic rocks in Kaikukang Formation were determined by LA-MC-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating. The youngest weighted average age of detrital zircon U-Pb is 159 Ma, indicating that the lower limit of deposition is not earlier than Early Cretaceous; the magmatic zircon 206Pb/238U ages obtained in the interlayer of volcanic rocks are (136.6±1.9)Ma and (137.5±2.5)Ma respectively, and they are in accordance with the age of reflection in the late fossil association of Coniopteris-Phoenicopsis flora and the early fossil association of Ruffordia-Onychiopsis flora in Kaikukang Formation. All these ages and fossils strata comparison results show that Kaikukang Formation forms in the early Early Cretaceous, rather than Late Jurassic classified by previous research. The structural unconformity between Kaikukang Formation and the underlying Ershierzhan Formation should be formed during 137-145 Ma according to the dating results, and this further restricts the formation time of Mohe thrust-nappe structure and the transformation age from Jurassic extensional basin to Cretaceous compresses intermountain basin after Mongolia-Okhotsk ocean closed. This redividing for Kaikukang Formation provides a new geological information for further studying the relationship between Mohe Basin and Mongolian-Okhotsk orogenic belt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steroid cell tumors account for less than 0.1% of all ovarian tumors. There are three steroid cell tumor subtypes: stromal luteoma, Leydig cell tumor and steroid cell tumor not otherwise specified (NOS). Stromal luteoma is a rare disease. The clinical manifestations of stromal luteoma are unspecific, so it is hard to diagnosis before operation. In this study, we report a case of 47-year-old female who suffers from stromal luteoma. And we review the literatures about the case reports systematically. And we found that the diagnosis of ovarian stromal luteoma is based on abnormal uterine bleeding and pathology, and surgery is the most important treatment method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of ginsenoside Rg3 in maintenance treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) after chemotherapy. Methods: A total of 120 patients with advanced NSCLC, who were treated with the first-line chemotherapy and without progression disease in Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese from November 2010 to November 2014, were selected and randomly divided into experiment group(n=60) and control group(n=60). The control group was only regularly followed up and observed, while the experiment group was maintained with ginsenoside Rg3. Then the clinical efficacy, the changes of immune indexes and the quality of life before and after treatment and the incidence of adverse reactions in the two groups were compared. Results: The disease control rate(DCR) of experimental group was obviously higher than that of control group(P<0.05). The immune indexes of two groups after treatment were lower than before treatment, meanwhile, the indexes of experimental group were significantly higher than those of control group(P<0.05). The improvement rate of KPS score in the experimental group after treatment was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05). There was no treatment-related death during the whole maintenance treatment. Conclusion: Using ginsenoside Rg3 in the maintenance treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC after chemotherapy can improve the immune function and increase the quality of life, with good safety and efficacy,which is worthy of clinical promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the influence of iloprost inhalation on chemosensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Method: A total of 40 patients with NSCLC, who were admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from August 2014 to August 2015, were chosen as the research subjects and randomly divided into treatment group and control group. All the patients were treated with chemotherapy of gemcitabine combined with cisplatin, on the basis of which, the treatment group was added iloprost inhalation. The levels of serum HIF-1琢and VEGF in the two groups were detected by ELISA method before and after treatment, the physical condition of the patients was evaluated by Karnofsky score. The clinical effect and the incidence of side effects in the two group were compared. Results: The response rate (RR) and disease control rate (DCR) in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). Incidence of side effects in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Serum HIF-1琢and VEGF levels in the two groups after treatment were lower than before treatment. The levels of serum HIF-1琢and VEGF in the treatment group 1 day and 21 days after treatment were lower than those in the control group in the same period, furthermore, the levels of serumHIF-1琢and VEGF in the two groups 21 days after treatment were lower than those 1 day after treatment（P<0.05）. Conclusion: Iloprost inhalation can improve the chemosensitivity of NSCLC cells by regulating the serumHIF-1 and VEGF levels, which has a good and safe effect, and satisfied prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the expression of vimentin in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and the relationship with invasion and metastasis of lung cancer. Methods: Collected 150 cases of NSCLC carcinoma tissues and 79 cases of adjacent normal tissues (>5cm away from carcinoma tissues) from the resection underwent in our hospital from June 2012 to June 2014, then extracted RNA of two groups, detected the expression of vimentin mRNA by real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method, and detected the expression of vimentin protein by immunohistochemical method, finally, analyzed the relationship between the expression of vimentin protein and the lymph node metastasis and TNMstage. Results: The expression of vimentin mRNA expression in NSCLC carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than adjacent normal tissues(P<0.05). The up-regulation expression of vimentin mRNA was related with lymph node metastasis and TNMstage (P<0.05). Conclusions: The expression of vimentin is up-regulation in NSCLC, which is closely related to the occurrence and invasion of NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the diagnostic value of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) of endoplasmic reticulum stress molecules for non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Method: A total of postoperative carcinoma tissue specimens of 45 patients with NSCLC were selected, from which 18 cases of adjacent to carcinoma tissues were selected at the same time. The expressions was used to of GRP78 of all the selected tissues were detected by Real-time PCR and analyzed the correlation of the expression of GRP78 in NSCLC tissues with clinical characteristics and the survival periods of the patients. Results: The expression levels of GRP78 in NSCLC tissues were much higher than those in para-cancerous tissues, the differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). The expression levels of GRP78 in the cancer tissues of patients with NSCLC at stage Ⅲ a were much higher than those at stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the survival periods of patients with high expression level of GRP78 were shorter than low expression level of GRP78 (P<0.05). Conclusion: The expression of GRP78 May be related to the occurrence and development of tumor cells and the survival periods of patients, which can be used as an important biomarker of forecasting diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]