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The problem of micro-pressure waves caused by the high-speed train passing through the tunnel from the open line become more and more serious with the increase of the train speed. The combined buffer structure can better mitigate the impact of micropressure waves than the single type of buffer structure. In order to further alleviate the impact of micro-pressure waves on the surrounding environment of the tunnel, a buffer structure named ladder ventilation type combined buffer structure was proposed. Based on the standard κ-ε two-equation turbulence model ( κ is the turbulent kinetic energy, ε is dissipation rate) and the numerical simulation method, four ventilation window parameters were studied, including the ventilation distance, the ventilation ratio, the number of ventilation windows, and the position of ventilation windows. The initial compression wave pressure and pressure gradient caused by the train entering the tunnel with different ventilation windows were analyzed, and the optimum parameters of the combined buffer structure were obtained. The buffer structure has less impact on the maximum pressure of the initial compression wave, but more impact on the initial compression wave pressure gradient. When the ventilation distance is 4 m, the ventilation rate α is 36%, the number of ventilation windows is 2, and the position of ventilation windows is the top ventilation, it is the optimal working condition, and the mitigation effect on pressure gradient reaches 60.14%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of the strong bone and muscle form ula on bone mineral density ( BMD ) and IL-17 level in ovariectomized ra ts. Methods Thirty SPF grade 6-month-old female SD rats were divided into Sham group ( 11 = 9) and model group ( n = 21) according to random number table. After 12 weeks, 3 rats were respectively se lected from the Sham group and OVX group for lumbar vertebrae BMD test to verify the success of modeling. Rats in the model group were divided into OVX group ( n = 6), ZGQJ group ( n = 6 ), and Alen group ( n = 6 ). Rats in ZGQJ group received the strong bone and muscle formu la. Rats in Alen group received alendronate sodium. After 12 weeks of the treatment, the rats were sacrificed. BMD of the lumbar vertebrae was detected with DEXA. The microstructure of the tibia was detected with micro-CT. The structure of the femur and spleen was observed with HE staining. Serum level of IL-17 was detected with ELISA. The level of IL-17 in the tibia was detected with immunofluorescent staining. The level of IL-17 in the spleen was detected with immunohistochemistry. Results Compared to that in OVX group, the lumbar vertebrae BMD in ZGQJ and Alen group increased significantly ( P

Objective: The current study aims to analyze the correlation between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, choroidal microcirculation and radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) in myopes based on a new quantitative method. Methods: Between April 2019 and January 2020, 100 eyes with high myopia (HM group) and 82 eyes with low ⁃to ⁃moderate myopia (LMM group) were enrolled in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. All subjects underwent measurements of the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, axial length (AL)and spherical equivalent (SE) before anterior segment examination via slip⁃lamp biomicroscopy, dilated fundus examination, color and red⁃free fundus photographs and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). A 4.5 mm × 4.5 mm scanning area centered on the optic disc was scanned using a frequency domain OCTA instrument, which was divided into four quadrants centered on the optic disc by the software automatically. On the scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) and choroidal vasculature images, one ophthalmologist contoured the peripapillary atrophy⁃β (PPA ⁃β)zones under the supervision of another veteran ophthalmologist before calculating the area and choroidal vessel density of PPA⁃β zone using PyCharm software. The correlation between AL, SE, the area and vessel density of PPA⁃β zone, peripapillary RNFL thickness and RPC vessel density was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis and multivariate linear regression model. Results: The average RNFL thickness, RNFL thickness of nasal, superior and inferior, and RPC vessel density, as well as the area and choroidal vessel density of PPA⁃β zone was statistically significant between HM and LMM groups (P<0.05). SE, average peripapillary RNFL thickness and the choroidal vessel density of PPA⁃β zone were positively correlated with the average blood flow density of RPC (P<0.001), while AL and the area of PPA ⁃β zone were negatively correlated with RPC vessel density (P<0.001). The multivariable model revealed that only average RNFL thickness (P<0.001) and the area of PPA⁃β zone (P=0.014) were associated with average RPC vessel density. The results of Spearman correlation analysis for four quadrantile subgroups indicated that RNFL thickness remained positively correlated with RPC vessel density (P<0.001). Conclusion: Peripapillary RNFL thickness and the area of PPA⁃β zone were two crucial causes of RPC vessel density changes, which may indicate the close relationship between retinal constructure and microvascular changes and emphasize the importance of myopia⁃related optic neuropathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To construct the auxiliary system of outpatient drug distribution, reduce errors and improve the quality of outpatient pharmaceutical service. Methods The bar code technology was used to independently develop outpatient pharmacy dispensing assistant system. The system design and function are introduced. The practical application effect of the system was evaluated on dispensing errors, efficiency and pharmacist evaluation. Results Based on the special network environment of the hospital, the system integrated the functions of drug check, prescription right management, expiration date management and medication instruction. After using the system, the number of dispensing errors decreased from 84 to 25. The waiting time for patients to receive medicine decreased by 151 seconds. All pharmacists surveyed agreed that auxiliary system was helpful to pharmacists ’ work. Conclusion The system reduced the medication dispensing error in outpatient pharmacy, improved work efficiency and the quality of pharmaceutical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To systematically review the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoction or Chinese patent medicine for primary osteoporosis (POP) in Yang deficiency of the spleen and kidney, and to provide evidence for clinical decisionmaking. Methods Databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP), Wanfang data, China Biology Medicine disc (CBM), Pub Med, and Em base were searched from the establishment to 1 March 2022. Randomized controlled trials with TCM treatment for POP in type of Yang deficiency of the spleen and kidney were identified. The quality assessment was conducted by using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan version 5. 3. Results Seventeen studies were included. Meta-analysis showed that in comparison with non-TCM treatment, TCM invigorating spleen and kidney showed a favorable effect in the total effective rate compared with Western medicine based on the change of bone mineral density (OR= 3. 22, 95% Cl 2. 07, 5. 00, P<0. 000 01) and the total effective rate of TCM assessed by TCM syndrome score (OR= 6. 26, 95% Cl 3. 12, 12. 58, P<0. 000 01). Compared with non-TCM, TCM showed a superior impact in improvement of lumbar bone mineral density (SMD = 0. 49, 95% CI 0. 03, 0. 95, P = 0. 03<0. 05), reduction of TCM syndrome scores (SMD = -1. 01, 95% CJ- I. 29, - 0. 73, P < 0. 000 01) and visual analogue scale (VAS, SMD = -1. 58, 95% Cl-2. 42, -0. 74, P = 0. 000 2<0. 05). There were no significant side effect to the patients. Conclusion In the treatment of POP with Yang deficiency of the spleen and kidney, TCM treatment is more effective in improving the total clinical effective rate, lumbar bone mineral density, reducing TCM syndrome score, and VAS than conventional Wes tern medicine treatment. Additionally, TCM has the advantage of high safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to understand the growth characteristics and differences of different Ormosia henryi provenances in Guiyang, we collected seeds from ten different provenances of O. henryi and conducted seedling experiments. We compared differences in seedling height, root collar diameter, biomass, leaf photosynthetic parameters, photosynthetic pigment, activity of nitrate reductase, content of nitrate nitrogen and the root activity of the biannual seedlings, and then analyzed the differences in ten provenances of O. henryi. The results were as follows:(1)There were significant differences in the net photosynthetic rate(Pn), stomatal conductance(Gs), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration(Ci), transpiration rate(Tr)and water use efficiency(WUE)among ten O. henryi provenances(P<0.05), indicating that different O. henryi provenances showed significant differences in photosynthetic characteristics and light use efficiency. Plants from Hangzhou and Yongkang of Zhejiang had the higher photosynthetic growth potential.(2)There were significant differences in chlorophyll content, nitrate reductase, nitrate nitrogen and root activity among provenances. The contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b and total content of chlorophyll were the highest in Jian'ou of Fujian provenance. These plants could efficiently transfer the accumulated light energy during the initial reaction of photosynthesis and promote carbon assimilation. Huaxi of Guizhou provenance had the highest nitrate reductase activity, the highest nitrate nitrogen content, and strong utilization ability of nitrogen elements, which could promote the synthesis of plant protein, amino acid and chlorophyll. The root system from plants in the Wangmo of Guizhou provenance had the greatest activity and the ability to absorb nutrients.(3)There were significant differences in the distribution of seedling height, ground diameter and biomass among all provenances. The plants from Hangzhou of Zhejiang provenance had luxuriant branches and leaves, developed roots and good growth performance, while the plants from Huangshan of Anhui provenance were short and had poor growth performance. Hangzhou of Zhejiang provenance distributed more biomass in roots and leaves to increase the ability of roots to absorb nutrients and leaves to acquire light energy. Huangshan of Anhui provenance accumulated the least biomass and had the worst growth.(4)The adaptability of ten provenances of O. henryi was comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis. The results showed that Hangzhou of Zhejiang provenance > Liping of Guizhou provenance > Yongkang of Zhejiang provenance > Wangmo of Guizhou provenance > Jian'ou of Fujian provenance > Kaili of Guizhou provenance > Shiqian of Guizhou provenance > Hauxi of Guizhou provenance > Pingtang of Guizhou provenance > Huangshan of Anhui provenance. In conclusion, Plants from Hangzhou of Zhejiang, Liping of Guizhou and Yongkang of Zhejiang O. henryi provenances had high potential for adaptation and growth potential in Guiyang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy shortage and environmental pollution have led to the wide use of clean and renewable energy. A ground source heat pump (GSHP) is extensively utilized in the new building of various renewable energy, because of its energy saving, high efficiency and environmental friendliness. However, the current GSHP development is limited to a certain extent, due mainly to its high cost, and large land areas resulting from drilling boreholes. Alternatively, the concept of an energy pile was proposed to combine the GSHP exchanger of ground heat with the pile foundation of a building. However, the temperature change of pile body can result in the thermal expansion and contraction of an energy pile, thereby to induce the pile deformation in the actual operation of energy piles. This variation of temperature has endangered the structural safety of energy piles, particularly on the thermal performance and bearing capacity. Therefore, a feasible energy pile with phase change concrete has been selected, where a type of phase change material (PCM) can serve as a part of filling material in a traditional energy pile. The thermal performance of the energy pile with phase change concrete was greatly enhanced, indicating the weak temperature variation and deformation during the heat exchange, due largely to the invariable temperature and the latent heat release during the phase change of PCM. In this study, a 3D numerical model of energy piles with phase change concrete was established to evaluate the thermo-mechanical characteristics of a whole energy pile under thermal-mechanical coupling loads. A systematic analysis was made to compare the thermo-mechanical characteristics of traditional energy pile and the new one with phase change concrete. An experiment was conducted to explore the effects of the distance between two legs of U-tube, and the ratio of length to diameter of pile body on the thermo-mechanical behavior of an energy pile with phase change concrete. The results showed that the solid-liquid phase change of PCM increased the heat exchange rate at the per unit depth of pile by 10.3%, while reduced the changes in the temperature of pile body. There was a reduced changes in the displacement, axial force, and side friction resistance of pile body that caused by the temperature change. With the increase of distance between two legs of U-tube, the heat transfer rate and heat influence range of soil increased in the energy pile, while the axial force of the pile decreased, as well as the pile displacement first increased and then decreased. An increase in the ratio of length to diameter improved the total heat exchange rate of energy piles, but reduced the heat exchange rate at the per unit depth of pile, while increased the pile top displacement, which was not conducive to the stability of the energy pile. The experimental validation showed that the predicted relative errors of middle temperature in the pile wall and displacement at the pile top were within 5.1% and 12%, respectively, and the average relative errors were 4.2% and 9.9%, respectively. Therefore, the developed numerical model of an energy pile can be used to simulate the thermo-mechanical characteristics of an energy pile with phase change concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forest litter accumulation and decomposition contribute to the nutrient pool and are critical ecological processes in the ecosystem. The Casuarina equisetifolia L.coastal protection forest（CCPF） in Hainan Island was the focus of this study, and a total of 71 temporary sample plots were set up to investigate and analyze the stand structure and litter accumulation in CCPF by means of typical survey sampling, in order to explore the amount and impact factors of litter accumulation on C. equisetifolia. The results showed that six factors affect litter accumulation of CCPF, including the average diameter at breast height（DBH）, basal area, density, canopy density, herb coverage, and pH value; litter accumulation was significantly positively correlated with the average DBH, basal area, and canopy density（P<0.01）, highly negatively correlated with herb coverage（P<0.01）, positively correlated with density, and negatively correlated with pH value. The impact factors and related properties of semi-decomposed litter mass were consistent with those of litter accumulation, but they were negatively correlated with pH value（P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in litter accumulation in different semiarid and wet climate regions of Hainan Island（P>0.05）. In addition, the six impact factors can be divided into direct and indirect factors, and into main and non-main factors according to their different impact modes and degrees on the litter accumulation. Among them, average DBH, basal area, and density were considered direct impact factors, whereas canopy density, herb coverage, and pH value were indirect impact factors. The basal area and herb coverage were the main impact factors, among which herb coverage was an important indicator of litter accumulation. The level of litter accumulation of CCPF was high, with an average of 2.735 kg·m-2 and a maximum value of 10.090 kg·m-2. The average litter thickness was 3.629 cm, and the maximum thickness was 8 cm. In litter accumulation, the semi-decomposed litter mass accounted for 72.249%. Therefore, a large amount of litter accumulation is not only an important nutrient source for C. equisetifolia, but also one of the barriers to the regeneration of undergrowth plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forest litter accumulation and decomposition contribute to the nutrient pool and are critical ecological processes in the ecosystem. The Casuarina equisetifolia L.coastal protection forest(CCPF) in Hainan Island was the focus of this study, and a total of 71 temporary sample plots were set up to investigate and analyze the stand structure and litter accumulation in CCPF by means of typical survey sampling, in order to explore the amount and impact factors of litter accumulation on C. equisetifolia. The results showed that six factors affect litter accumulation of CCPF, including the average diameter at breast height (DBH), basal area, density, canopy density, herb coverage, and pH value; litter accumulation was significantly positively correlated with the average DBH, basal area, and canopy density (P<0.01), highly negatively correlated with herb coverage (P<0.01), positively correlated with density, and negatively correlated with pH value. The impact factors and related properties of semi-decomposed litter mass were consistent with those of litter accumulation, but they were negatively correlated with pH value (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in litter accumulation in different semiarid and wet climate regions of Hainan Island (P>0.05). In addition, the six impact factors can be divided into direct and indirect factors, and into main and non-main factors according to their different impact modes and degrees on the litter accumulation. Among them, average DBH, basal area, and density were considered direct impact factors, whereas canopy density, herb coverage, and pH value were indirect impact factors. The basal area and herb coverage were the main impact factors, among which herb coverage was an important indicator of litter accumulation. The level of litter accumulation of CCPF was high, with an average of 2.735 kg·m-2 and a maximum value of 10.090 kg·m-2. The average litter thickness was 3.629 cm, and the maximum thickness was 8 cm. In litter accumulation, the semi-decomposed litter mass accounted for 72.249%. Therefore, a large amount of litter accumulation is not only an important nutrient source for C. equisetifolia, but also one of the barriers to the regeneration of undergrowth plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the change in the level of platelet microparticles (PMPs) in acute pancreatitis (AP) and the ability of PMPs to promote the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Methods Blood samples were collected from 55 patients with AP who were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from September 2018 to August 2019, and these patients were divided into mild AP (MAP) group with 26 patients, moderate-severe AP (MSAP) group with 17 patients, and severe AP (SAP) group with 12 patients. A total of 15 healthy individuals who underwent physical examination were enrolled as control group. Platelet-poor plasma (PPP) was separated by differential centrifugation and flow cytometry was used to measure the level of PMPs. Neutrophils were collected from the control group and were co-cultured with the PMPs from AP patients. ELISA was used to measure the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), neutrophil elastase (NE), and histone H3 in culture solution, and a laser scanning confocal microscope was used to observe the distribution of NETs. The t-test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and a one-way analysis of variance or the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison between multiple groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups; a Pearson correlation analysis was also performed. Results Compared with the control group, the MAP, MSAP, and SAP groups had a significant increase in the level of PMPs ［179.50 (145.00-308.750)/μl, 1117.50 (483.00-2488.25)/μl, and 1848.00 (1216.50-2562.00)/μl vs 172.00 (148.25-204.25)/μl, H=4.348、23.186、19.293,all P＜0.05］, and compared with the MAP and MSAP groups, the SAP group had a significant increase in the level of PMPs (H=29.068、4.709, both P＜0.05). The level of PMPs in AP patients was correlated with APACHEII, BISAP, and Ranson score (r=0.636, 0.508, and 0.430, all P＜0.001). Compared with the control group, the AP group had significantly increases in the levels of MPO［(374.68±92.01) ng/ml vs (105.27±33.82) ng/ml, t=9.105, P＜0.001］, NE［(267.45±68.46) ng/ml vs (82.71±19.22) ng/ml, t=9.921, P＜0.001］, and histone H3［(16.34±4.02) ng/ml vs (4.53±1.48) ng/ml, t=7.524, P＜0.001］, and the formation of NETs was increased under the laser scanning confocal microscope. Conclusion The level of PMPs is significantly increased in AP, which is associated with disease activity. PMPs may promote the formation of NETs and aggravate the progression of AP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Casuarina equisetifolia coastal protection forest(C. CPF)is an important barrier of coastal ecology in Hainan Island, and natural regeneration is of great significance for it to play a role of protection function continuously. It is found that undergrowth natural regeneration is difficult in the most area of C. equisetifolia forests in Hainan Island, however, there is a phenomenon of good regeneration in the local area. In order to explore the cause of the great disparity in the natural regeneration, and to provide certain theoretical basis for promoting the transformation of C. CPF from plantation to near-natural forest, the main factors affecting the natural regeneration of C. CPF were studied through the analysis of the differences of regeneration quality for different forest lands. Seventy-three temporary plots were established in the C. CPF in Hainan Island, and statistical methods, such as variance analysis and correlation analysis, were used to study the effects of climate zones, stand conditions, soil factors and litter accumulation on natural regeneration quality and density. The results were as follows:(1)The regeneration of C. CPF in wet zone was significantly better than that in dry zone;(2)There was significantly negative correlation between C. equisetifolia stand density and regeneration density or herb coverage, but other factors of stand conditions had little effect on regeneration;(3)There was no significant diffe-rences in soil pH value and nutrients in the sample plots with different regeneration qualities, but ammonium nitrogen promoted the regeneration of seedlings and organic matter did the regeneration of saplings to some extent;(4)The accumulation of litter was not conductive to natural regeneration as a whole. The results indicate that the climate factor, density of C. equisetifolia stands and accumulation quantity of C. equisetifolia litters were the main impact factors for the natural regeneration of undergrowth in C. CPF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural regeneration is an important ecological process of forest resource reproduction, and good natural regeneration can promote the transformation of artificial forest to near natural forest. In order to understand the status and characteristics of natural regeneration of Hainan Casuarina equisetifolia coastal windbreaks, and to select the species with good natural regeneration under natural conditions, the natural regeneration status of Hainan C. equisetifolia coastal windbreaks was systematically investigated in this study by typical sampling method, and the natural regeneration characteristics of C. equisetifolia in different dry and wet climate zones were compared and analyzed by using the indexes of natural regeneration density and species richness; the tree species with better natural regeneration quality were screened by regeneration density and regeneration index. A total of 73 temporary quadrats were set, with the total sample areas of 2.51 hm2. The results were as follows:(1)The overall quality of natural regeneration in C. equisetifolia costal windbreaks was not good, and C. equisetifolia could not achieve the natural regeneration by itself, but the natural regeneration of some other species was good in local area, and the percentage of good regeneration was 15.1%.(2)The natural regeneration richness and diversity in the wet zone were much better than that in the semiarid zone, in which there were 28 families, 50 genera and 59 regeneration tree species in the wet zone; there were only 6 families, 6 genera and 6 regeneration tree species in semiarid zone.(3)The regeneration of trees was better than that of shrubs.(4) Litsea glutinosa, Brucea javanica, Acacia confusa, Terminalia catappa, et al. were found to have stronger natural regeneration capability, therefore, they were suitable for mixing plantation with Casuarina equisetifolia and could be used as mixed tree species or associated tree species of C. equisetifolia costal windbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Successful natural regeneration can play its ecological protection function with three conditions:(1)Abundant and good seed resources;(2)Micro-habitat suitable for seed germination;(3)Ecological conditions for the sur-vival of seedlings and young trees. However, Casuarina equisetifolia coastal protection forest(C. CPF)in Hainan Island exists unable to naturally regenerate by itself. To explore obstacle factors of unable natural regeneration of C. equisetifolia itself, the ecological conditions affecting seed germination of C. equisetifolia, such as C. equisetifolia allelopathy, soil pH, salinity, temperature, matrix type and moisture were studied. The reason is that ecological conditions affecting seed germination are one of the three conditions that restrict the success of natural regeneration, and the other two conditions are the quantity and quality of provenances, and ecological conditions for survival of seedlings and saplings respectively. C. equisetifolia cones, litters and in-situ habitat soil were collected from the C. CPF near Houwei Village, Haikou City, Hainan Island. The seed germination test was conducted by paper dish method, with 100 seeds per dish and three repeated treatments. The C. equisetifolia litter, humus and sandy soil extracts were diluted into five concentration gradients respectively and a total of 15 extracts were obtained. The pH was set to 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 and 6.5 concentration gradients for the germination solution. Salinity was set to 0.02%, 0.05% and 0.10%. The temperature was set to 25, 30 and 35 ℃. The PEG method was used for water stress test, with five concentration gradients of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g·L-1. The orthogonal test was designed as three factors and four levels. The results were as follows:(1)There was no significant difference of seed germination rate between CK group and the one treated with different water extract concentrations of different extracts.(2)pH, salinity and temperature within the set range had no significant effects on seed germination rate of C. equisetifolia.(3)The germination rate of C. equisetifolia seeds treated with PEG solution with different concentration gradients was significantly different, and the seed germination rate of C. equisetifolia decreased sharply with the increase of PEG solution concentration.(4)Different matrices and watering frequencies also had significant effects on seed germination rate. Combining PEG drought stress, matrix and watering frequency, it can be found that C. equisetifolia seeds have weak drought resistance and are sensitive to water, therefore, moisture is the main limiting factor for the germination of C. equisetifolia seeds. Meanwhile, the poor water retention of litters and coastal sandy soil also restricts the germination of seeds to varying degrees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we analyzed the effects of different drip irrigation regimes under plastic film on sugar beet yield and water use efficiency in Xinjiang of China. Drip irrigation under plastic film had been widely used in the arid areas of northwest China, especially in Xinjiang for saving water and fertilizer, increasing temperature of soil and preservation of soil moisture. The drip irrigation regimes of sugar beet under plastic film had a significant effect on increasing sugar beet root yield compared with traditional irrigation regimes. Two irrigation water quota (45 mm, 60 mm) and three irrigation frequency (eight, nine, ten) were combined to six treatments based on traditional drip irrigation regimes of sugar beet under plastic film in Xinjiang for suitable drip irrigation regimes under plastic film. The experiment was conducted during 2016 and 2017 at the Sugar Beet Improvement Center in Manasi, Xinjiang. The effects of different irrigation treatments on height and weight of sugar beet, leaf area index, root yield, sugar yield, percentage of sugar content, soil water content, evapotranspiration and water use efficiency were investigated. The water consumption of sugar beet was indicated combined with the soil water content and the suitable drip irrigation regimes under plastic film was proposed. The results showed that the increase of irrigation frequency could increase leaf area index, weight of sugar beet root and root yield, decreased percentage of sugar content and had no significant (P> 0.05) effect on evapotranspiration and sugar beet water use efficiency. The increase of irrigation water quota were not significant effect on leaf area index and percentage of sugar content, increased weight of sugar beet root and evapotranspiration and decreased water use efficiency of sugar beet. In addition, The SPAD value was decreased as the increase of irrigation water quota and irrigation frequency. By irrigation frequency and water quota interaction, the root yield of 45 mm and 60 mm irrigation water quota at frequency of eight were significant decreased, and percentage of sugar content and water use efficiency of 45 mm and 60 mm irrigation water quota at frequency of eight were decreased for the soil relative water content were under 50%. The soil relative water content was under 50% for 45 mm irrigation water quota at frequency of nine, and was more than 50% when 45 mm irrigation water quota at frequency of nine increased 15 mm. The weight of root yield was increased and root yield was increased by 7.4%-7.7% with the sugar yield increased by 9.4%-9.7% as the increase of 15 mm of 45 mm irrigation water quota at frequency of nine. The height of sugar beet, leaf area index were significant (P<0.05) higher than other irrigation frequencies for ten irritation frequency which the soil relative water content was more than 50%. The ten irrigation frequency was not significant (P>0.05) compared with nine irrigation frequency at 60 mm irrigation water quota, but the sugar yield of sugar beet was significant (P<0.05) less than nine irrigation frequency for 60 mm irrigation water quota. As increased 15 mm irrigation water quota for ten irrigation frequency at 45 mm irrigation water quota, the evapotranspiration was increased, the water use efficiency was decrease and root yield, percentage of sugar content and sugar yield of sugar beet had no significant difference. The results indicated that the nine irrigation frequency at 60 mm water quota was the suitable irrigation regimes of sugar beet under plastic film in Xinjiang for the lack of rain and sufficient sunshine, which saving 10% irrigation water compared with traditional irrigation regimes of sugar beet under plastic film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ground power supply for aircrafts based on independent structure has many shortcomings such as vast numbers of ground power units, difficult administration and maintenance, high cost and low utilization rate. This paper proposes the design requirements and design method of centralized ground power supply for aircrafts based on 400 Hz electric power system. The key technical problems are discussed such as the structure and functions of the proposed 400 Hz electric power system, the voltage class of busbar, the power distribution structure and the load flow analysis. Taking the Terminal 1 of Shanghai Pudong International Airport for example, this paper analyzes the structure and key parameters of 400 Hz centralized power supply system. The practical calculation and simulation results illustrate the rationality of the structure and parameter design. The results also indicate the feasibility of the centralized ground power supply based on 400 Hz electric power system, because it can guarantee the reliability and quality of power supply, reduce the cost, and improve the flexibility of power supply and the utilization rate of installations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effects of Zhuanggu Qiangji Decoction on skeletal muscle morphology and function in ovariectomized rats. Methods Thirty-two 3-month-old female Sprague-Dawley（SD） rats were routinely fed for three months, and then randomly divided into sham operation group（n=8） and model group（n=24）. In the sham operation group, part of the adipose tissue around the ovaries was removed, while the rats in the model group underwent bilateral ovariectomy. After 12 weeks of postoperative feeding, the model group was equally divided into three groups, including model control group, Zhuanggu Qiangji decoction group and allenphosphate sodium group. Two rats were selected from each group to verify the success of ovariectomy model. Finally, according to the equivalent dose conversion formula, the rats in each group were treated by gavage for 12 weeks. After the end of gavage, the limb grip strength of the rats was measured. The gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were weighed and the skeletal muscle mass index was calculated. The morphological structure of muscle fibers was observed by HE staining, and the cross-sectional area of muscle fibers was measured. Results The limb grip strength, gastrocnemius index and triceps calves index of rats in the sham operation group, Zhuanggu Qiangji decoction group and alendronate sodium group were significantly higher than those in the model group（P＜0.05）. The mean cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius muscle fiber in the sham operation group and the Zhuanggu Qiangji decoction group was significantly higher than that in the model group（P＜0.05）, while there was no significant difference between the alendronate sodium group and the model group（P＞0.05）. Besides, there was no significant difference among the sham operation group, Zhuanggu Qiangji decoction group and alendronate sodium group（P＞0.05）. The morphological structure of skeletal muscle fibers in the three groups was also better than that in the model control group under HE staining. Conclusion Zhuanggu Qiangji decoction can significantly improve the morphology and function of skeletal muscle in ovariectomized rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: With the continuous improvement and progress of artificial intelligence technology in the treatment of spinal deformity, a large number of studies have been invested in this field, but the main research status, hot spots and development trends are still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To visually analyze the literature related to artificial intelligence in the field of spinal deformities by using bibliometrics, identify the research hotspots and shortcomings in this field, and provide references for future research. METHODS: The core database of Web of Science was used to search the articles related to artificial intelligence in the field of spinal deformities published from inception to 2023. The data were visually analyzed by Citespace 5.6.R5 and VOSviewer 1.6.19. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) A total of 165 papers were included, and the number of papers published in this field showed a fluctuating upward trend. The author with the largest number of articles is Lafage V, and the country with the largest number of articles is China. (2) Keyword analysis results show that adolescent scoliosis, deep learning, classification, precision and robot are the main keywords. (3) The in-depth analysis results of co-cited and highly cited articles show that artificial intelligence has three hotspots in the field of spinal deformities, including the use of U-shaped architecture (a mature mode of deep learning convolutional neural networks) to automatically measure imaging parameters (Cobb angle and accurate segmentation of paraspinal muscles), multiview correlation network architecture (i.e., spine curvature assessment framework), and robot-guided spinal surgery. (4) In the field of artificial intelligence treatment of spinal malformations, the mechanism research such as genomics is very weak. In the future, unsupervised hierarchical clustering and other machine learning techniques can be used to study the basic mechanism of susceptibility genes in the field of spinal deformities by genome-wide association analysis and other genomics research methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective It was found that gypenoside not only have anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects, but also can promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and protect their oxidative stress damage. This study aims to investigate the effect of gypenoside on myoblast differentiation of C2C12 cells. Methods C2C12 cells were cultured in complete medium. After cell proliferation and adherent to the wall, differentiation medium containing different concentrations of gypenoside was used to induce cell differentiation, and three repores were set for each concentration. On the fifth day, observed the morphology of cell differentiation and calculated the activity of cell differentiation. Western Blot was used to detect the expression of myoblast markers MYF5 and MyoD1, immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of MyoD1, and Image J software was used to calculate the fusion index of myotube. Results On the fifth day of induction of C2C12 cell differentiation, the cells could differentiate into typical myotube morphology. MYF5 and MyoD1 were significantly expressed under the intervention of 10 mg/L and 5 mg/L gypenoside concentrations, and the fusion index of myotube was also higher with statistically significant differences compared with the control group(P＜0.05). Conclusion Gypenoside can promote myoblast differentiation of C2C12 cells, and the concentration of 10 mg/L and 5 mg/L is better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to screen out coix seed germplasm resources suitable for cultivation in Shanxi, 23 coix seed germplasm resources from different habitats in China were comprehensively analyzed for agronomic traits such as plant height, granulation layer, number of main stem nodes, branch node positions, and effective tiller number. Evaluation, in order to provide theoretical reference for the creation of new germplasm of Coix and the breeding of excellent new varieties. The experiment adopted a completely randomized design, and the agronomic trait data were comprehensively evaluated using the membership function method. The results showed that 23 coix seed germplasm resources had great differences in agronomic traits. After comprehensive evaluation using the membership function method, 8 coix seed germplasms with excellent comprehensive performance were screened out, which are suitable for use as excellent breeding materials and excellent parents of new varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sarco-osteoporosis is a geriatric syndrome in which sarcopenia coexists with osteoporosis. Sarco-osteoporosis has become a significant health threat to the elderly due to the increasing aging process of the society. There is currently strong evidence pointing to the beneficial effects of specific dietary interventions to prevent sarco-osteoporosis. Protein, amino acids, and creatine being the most studied nutrients in this regard. However, creatine has been much less studied than others. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the results of recent studies on the use of creatine supplementation as adjuvent therapy in the prevention of sarco-osteoporosis. The preliminary elaboration of the role of creatine in bone, muscle, and fat may provide new research ideas not only for the study of the possible mechanism of creatine on bone, muscle, and fat, but also for the prevention and treatment sarco-osteoporosis. Although there are conflicting views in the effects of creatine administration on bone, muscle, and fat, there is ample evidence that supplementation with appropriate amounts of creatine may help to reduce sarco-osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the relationship between ferroptosis-related serum biomarkers GPX4, GSH, MDA and PMOP, and their predictive values in PMOP. Methods A total of 80 postmenopausal women were divided into osteoporosis group ( n= 60) and non-osteoporosis group ( n= 20) according to the diagnostic criteria of osteoporosis. The general data and serum levels of GPX4, GSH, and MDA were compared between the two groups. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between each variable and bone mineral density. Random forest algorithm was used to evaluate the importance of each variable on the incidence of PMOP. ROC cnrve further confirmed the predictive efficacy of variables for PMOP. Finally, the PMOP prediction model is constructed. Results There were no significant differences in height, weight, and BMI between the two groups ( P>0. 05). BMD of the lumbar vertebrae, GPX4, and GSH levels in the non-osteoporosis group were higher than those in the osteoporosis group, while the age and MDA levels were lower than those in the osteoporosis group ( P<0. 05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that with the increase of GPX4 level ( R = 0. 42, P < 0. 05) and GSH level ( R = 0. 43, P < 0. 05), the degree of osteoporosis decreased. With the increase of MDA level ( R = - 0. 30, P < 0. 05), the degree of osteoporosis increased. With the decrease of GPX4 level ( R = -0. 30, P<0. 05) and GSH level ( R = -0. 42, P<0. 05), MDA level increased. The levels of GPX4 and GSH showed a positive trend ( R = 0. 43, P<0. 05). Random forest analysis showed that age, GPX4, GSH, and MDA levels played an important role in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. At the same time, ROC curve also confirmed this result, and found that the combined diagnosis of these four indicators could better predict the occurrence of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Based on these four variables, the nomogram constructed helped to identify high-risk PMOP population. Conclusion The decrease of GPX4-centered REDOX capacity and the increase of lipid peroxidation in postmenopausal osteoporosis population indicate that there is a close relationship between the occurrence of postmenopausal osteoporosis and ferroptosis. At the same time, age combined with peripheral blood GSH, GPX4, and MDA levels may well predict the occurrence of PMOP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The activation of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been found to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of gouty arthritis, and the activation of NLPR3 inflammasome can be effectively inhibited by regulating the PTEN-induced kinas 1 (PINK1)/Parkin signaling pathway. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Duhuo Jisheng Decoction on the PINK1/Parkin/NLRP3 signaling pathway. METHODS: (1) Animal experiment: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, positive control group (Qiushuixian tablets 0.3 mg/kg), and low-, medium-, and high-dose Duhuo Jisheng Decoction groups (6.9, 13.8, and 27.6 g/kg, respectively). A rat gouty arthritis model was constructed by injecting monosodium urate crystal suspension into the right hind ankle joint cavity of rats in all the groups except for the control group. (2) Cell experiment: Human monocytes (THP-1) were divided into blank control group, model group, Duhuo Jisheng Decoction-containing serum group, and PINK1 siRNA+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction-containing serum group. The cells in each group except the blank control group were stimulated with sodium urate to establish an in vitro gouty arthritis model. (3) The swelling degree, joint circumference, gait score, joint inflammation index and degree of pathological grading in the ankle joints of rats were observed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of uric acid, C-reactive protein, NLRP3, and interleukin 1β. Immunoblotting assay was used to detect the levels of proteins related to the PINK1/Parkin/NLRP3 pathway. Tetramethyl azolidine blue assay was used to detect cell activity. Immunofluorescent double staining was performed to detect the level of mitophagy. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of NLRP3 and interleukin 1β. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the control group, rats in the model group showed elevated ankle swelling and ankle circumference at 6-48 hours (P < 0.05), elevated gait scores and joint inflammation indexes at 24 and 48 hours (P < 0.05), elevated serum uric acid and C-reactive protein levels, degree of pathological classification, expression of PINK1, Parkin, and NLRP3 proteins, and interleukin 1β level in synovial tissues (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the protein expression levels of PINK1 and Parkin in all the Duhuo Jisheng Decoction groups were elevated, while the levels of the other indexes were decreased (P < 0.05). (2) Compared with the model group, NLRP3 activity, interleukin 1β level and mitochondrial outer membrane translocator protein 20 protein level in the Duhuo Jisheng Decoction-containing serum group were decreased (P < 0.05), while the proliferation inhibition rate, PINK1, Parkin and LC3B protein level were increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the mitochondrial autophagy level of cells in the Duhuo Jisheng Decoction-containing serum group was elevated (P < 0.05), while NLRP3 and interleukin 1β protein levels were decreased (P < 0.05). (3) Compared with the Duhuo Jisheng Decoction-containing serum group, the mitochondrial autophagy level of cells in the PINK1 siRNA+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction-containing serum group was decreased (P < 0.05), and the expression levels of NLRP3 and interleukin 1β were elevated (P < 0.05). To conclude, Duhuo Jisheng Decoction inhibits the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by regulating the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway, thereby exerting a therapeutic effect on gouty arthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) play an important role in bone immunity and are closely related to the occurrence of osteoporosis. However, few studies have reported the diagnostic value of IFN-γ and MCP-1 in osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE: To explore the predictive value of peripheral blood IFN-γ and McP-1 in postmenopausal osteoporosis. METHODS: A total of 71 subjects were collected from the Outpatient department of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from December 2019 to January 2021 according to the prospective case-control principle, who were divided into osteoporosis group (n=35) and control group (n=36). Baseline data and levels of IFN-γ and MCP-1 were compared between the two groups. Risk factors were analyzed by binary logistics regression analysis. The correlation between the levels of IFN-γ and MCP-1 and bone mineral density and bone mineral content were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of IFN-γ and MCP-1 in postmenopausal osteoporosis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences in age, height, body mass, body mass index and menopause time between the two groups (P > 0.05), but significant differences existed in T value, lumbar bone mineral density, lumbar bone mineral content, overall bone mineral density and overall bone mineral content between the two groups (P < 0.05). The level of IFN-γ in the osteoporosis group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05), while the level of MCP-1 was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that IFN-γ and MCP-1 were independent risk factors for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Receiver operating characteristic curve further confirmed that IFN-γ and MCP-1 had good predictive value for postmenopausal osteoporosis (IFN-γ AUC=0.7992, MCP-1 AUC=0.8001). The critical predictive values (IFN-γ < 1 456 ng/L, sensitivity 100%, specificity 50%; MCP-1 > 365.9 ng/L, sensitivity 85.29%, specificity 67.57%) were determined. Indeed, IFN-γ value < 1456 ng/L and MCP-1 value > 365.9 ng/L suggest that there may be bone loss in postmenopausal women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aging of the population is unstoppable, and chronic non-communicable diseases have become a public health problem that seriously affects people's health and safety. As an age-related chronic disease, osteoporosis has the characteristics of high incidence rate, high disability rate, high medical expenses, long course of treatment, long course of treatment and low quality of life, there’s still not enough social focus. As an important part of China’s medical system, primary medical institutions plays a vital role in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. However, in the process of prevention and treatment, there are still some problems, such as low awareness rate, unclear drug choice, unclear self-orientation, unestablished medical information sharing platform and primary medical institutions to be improved. Based on the actual situation and characteristics of primary medical institutions, this paper holds that the prevention and treatment model of integrated Chinese and Western medicine is the key, and puts forward the six-word policy of “Nutrition, Sunshine and sports”, it is suggested that the development of disciplines and academic organizations should be continuously promoted, public health education and primary health care Continuing education should be strengthened, and osteoporosis should be included in the management of chronic diseases and classified diagnosis and treatment should be promoted, to achieve overall management and integrated management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the changes of age, body mass index (BMI) and body composition in postmenopausal women and their relationship with osteoporosis. Methods The body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) data of 98 postmenopausal women over 45 years collected from the outpatient department of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from December 2019 to January 2021 were analyzed. According to the age and BMI of the subjects, the body composition of different age and BMI groups were compared.Spearman's rank correlation was used to analyze the effects of age, BMI and body composition on osteoporosis, and multiple linear regression was used to study the influencing factors of BMD and overall bone mineral content ( BMC). Results Both BMD(P < 0. 001) and BMC (P < 0. 05) in each age group decreased with age, while BMC (P < 0. 05 ), lean mass ( P <0. 001 ) and fat mass (P < 0. 001) in each BMI group increased with the BMI Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed that the severity of osteoporosis increased with age (P = 0. 005, r = 0. 281). The severity of osteoporosis was decreased with the increase of BMI ( P = 0. 019, r = -0. 237), BMC (P < 0. 001, r = -0. 719), lean mass (P = 0. 014, r = -0. 249) and fat mass ( P = 0. 013, r = - 0. 249). The result of multiple linear regression analysis showed that age was negatively correlated with BMD ( P = 0. 002, B = -0. 004) and BMC (P = 0. 000, B = -0. 013), while lean mass ( P = 0. 018, B = 0. 022) and fat mass ( P = 0. 037, B = 0. 027) were positively correlated with BMC in postmenopausal women Conclusion Age is a risk factor for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, while BMI, lean mass and fat mass are protective factors, which can improve the BMD and BMC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify the differences of biomarkers between high and low peak bone mass population, and their value in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. Methods The gene expression dataset ( GSE7158) of high and low peak bone mass population was obtained from GEO database. The differentially expressed genes were analyzed with limma package in R. Then GO functional annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed. All differential genes were input into the STRING database to obtain the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Cytohubba plug-in in Cytoscape and R was used to identify key genes and their interaction network was further mapped by Cytoscape. Finally, further verification of the expression and diagnostic value of key genes in osteoporosis was performed. Results A total of 182 differentially expressed genes were screened in high and low peak bone mass population, among which 73 were down-regulated, and 109 were up-regulated. KEGG pathway analysis showed that osteoclast differentiation pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications and ferroptosis were worthy of attention. PPI network analysis revealed 11 key genes : MCM7, Bub3, RBBP7, GNG2, FSHR, PCNA, CCR5, CDK16, SRSF7, NPMl, and CPSF6. Further validation analysis found that CCR5, CDK16, RBBP7, and SRSF7 were closely related to osteoporosis. Conclusion CCR5, CDK16, RBBP7, and SRSF7 may be closely related to the incidence of osteoporosis, and may become biomarkers for early screening of people at high risk of osteoporosis. This provides an effective basis for further experimental research and clinical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification of turquoises and corresponding imitations is commonly determined by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer. Previous studies have shown that imitation turquoise was mainly composed of a single mineral phase such as hemimorphite, gibbsite, variscite, hydroxyl datolite, or magnesite. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF) were used to investigate new kinds of imitation turquoises in order to classify them based on their mineral compositions and the method is described in this paper. Mineral compositions, crystal phases and crystalline appearance of different types of imitation turquoises were also compared. Results show that new kinds of imitation turquoises in this study can be mainly classified into three groups. The first group is mainly composed of silicate (larnite) and carbonate (calcite). The second group is composed of mixtures of calcite and dolomite. The third group consists of silicate, and minor barium feldspar, pyroxene and quartz. The mineral compositions of new kinds of imitation turquoises were significantly different from those of traditional imitations. In other words, the mineral compositions of imitation turquoises are becoming more and more diverse and complicated, which implies a higher demand for jewelry inspection agencies and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]