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为了对西藏人烟稀少地区和单跨段传输距离很长的光纤链路进行检测,文章提出一种用于提高线性调频（LFM）光时域反射仪（OTDR）空间分辨率和测量距离的方法。该方法通过产生一个调频范围为200 MHz、脉冲宽度为20μs的强度调制模拟LFM信号来实现高的空间分辨率和大的探测距离。使用该方法在西藏地区的实际光纤传输链路中进行了实验测试,实验结果表明,该方法能够在长度为240 km的光纤链路上实现0.000 53 km的空间分辨率,与相同测量参数的单脉冲OTDR相比,动态范围提高了8.5 dB。

针对可见光通信中直流偏置光-正交频分复用（DCO-OFDM）系统存在的高峰均功率比（PAPR）问题,可采用选择性映射算法来降低系统的PAPR。由于选择性映射算法只能在有限组相位旋转序列里选择局部最优,因此引入遗传算法来搜索全局最优解,同时针对遗传算法容易产生过早收敛的问题,文章提出自适应调整机制、自适应多点交叉机制、最优解保护机制和立即淘汰机制来改进遗传算法,进而提出改进型遗传选择性映射算法（IGA-SLM）。仿真结果表明,该算法可显著降低可见光通信DCO-OFDM系统的PAPR。

针对现有的光时域反射仪（OTDR）在监测带有掺铒光纤放大器（EDFA）的长途多跨段光纤链路时,为克服EDFA增益的波动需增加一个额外的补光来保持功率稳定的问题,文章基于线性调频OTDR提出了一种无需补光穿越EDFA的长途多跨段光纤监测技术。该技术利用线性调频准连续光作为探测光,可以避免EDFA增益的波动。同时通过分数域傅里叶滤波来去除级联EDFA累积的自发辐射白噪声,从而提高接收信号的信噪比。实验结果表明,该技术能够准确地测出中长途多跨段光纤链路中EDFA和连接点处的反射事件。

光纤中的随机散射现象凭借其在不同应用场景中的重要影响成为了一个非常热门的研究主题,但到目前为止,还没有理论方法能够准确描述光纤中散射现象的随机性及其影响。文章提出一种能够分析光纤散射现象随时间和散射点位置随机变化的较为准确的数值模型,并用该数值模型分析了分布式拉曼放大系统中的瑞利散射和自发拉曼散射噪声的频谱。之后,将仿真分析结果与现有模型的仿真分析结果和实验测量的结果进行了对比分析。文中模型计算得到的功率密度谱与实验结果误差在5dBc/Hz以内,而现有模型在高频区的误差往往>10dBc/Hz,说明文中结果与实际测量结果相比误差更小,证明了模型的准确性。文中模型可作为一种分析优化分布式光纤系统,特别是分析具有分布式光放大的系统的工具,例如具有双向拉曼放大的超长跨距光纤电力通信系统、光纤传感器系统以及光纤随机反馈激光器等。

通过实验实现了一个2 000km的16阶正交振幅调制传输系统,该系统采用后向分布式拉曼放大器对信号进行放大,单段跨距为80km,并在接收端采用数字背向传输算法补偿光纤传输过程中的非线性效应。采用分布式拉曼放大后,信号在光纤中的功率分布不再是指数衰减,采用的数字背向传输算法对此做了优化。实验结果表明,采用数字背向传输算法后,信号的Q2值提升了2.1dB。

WDM（波分复用）光网络中基于GA（遗传算法）的RWA（路由与波长分配）算法是目前最常见的算法,为了提高网络资源利用率并进一步降低阻塞率,提出了一种动态的、基于改进GA的DCMA-GA（双交叉变异自适应遗传算法）,通过引入自适应交叉与变异概率机制来减少GA的复杂度并应用于波长分配子算法中。仿真结果表明,与经典算法Dijkstra+FF（首次命中）相比,新算法最大能降低50%的阻塞率,在波长分配方面可提高10%的性能,验证了新算法的有效性。

电子色散补偿（EDC）技术作为一种新的光纤色散补偿技术正在逐步进入实用化阶段。文章介绍和分析了EDC的一般电路结构和工作原理,并通过对10 Gbit/s光传输系统的测试,和对测试数据的分析,验证了在10 Gbit/s光传输系统中EDC的补偿性能。

动态增益均衡技术能够克服级联多通道光放大器自发辐射噪声（ASE）和增益波动的积累带来的光信噪比恶化、动态均衡波长上/下引起的光通道功率变化等,提高长距离、大容量密集波分复用（DWDM）光传输系统的性能.文章综述了几种动态增益均衡器件技术的进展情况,比较了它们的性能,讨论了其在DWDM系统中的重要性和发展趋势.

光器件技术的迅速发展,推动了密集波分复用（DWDM）系统的广泛应用,使得光纤通信系统容量急剧增长.文章综述了几种关键无源器件技术的进展情况、性能比较以及它们在未来光网络中的重要性,进一步探讨了相关无源器件技术的发展趋势.

文章采用由分步傅里叶变换求解薛定谔方程的方法研究了一套应用于基于正交频分复用（Orthogonal Frequency-Divi-sion Multiplexing,OFDM）技术的光纤无线通信（Radio over Fiber,ROF）传输系统模型,对其光学传输性能进行了仿真模拟计算。分析了光纤信道中色散和非线性参数对信号传输质量的影响,指出只有进行脉冲压缩才能在光纤中传输OFDM-ROF信号。

文章提出一种基于移动代理和光突发交换（OBS）的光链路信令建立方法和协议方案。将主动包的结构应用于移动代理,使信令消息和数据流概括到一个突发包头（BHP）中,以此来缩短一个光路的建立时间。该方案可以实现分布式处理链路,以减轻网络中一个节点的工作量和加强每个网络节点的并行运算能力。

文章从理论上研究了一种应用于光纤到户（FTTH）网络中的基于单片集成的双端口光收发芯片,结合器件的结构和参数分析了该产品的直接调制特性,计算了其驰豫振荡、增益抑制和频率啁啾,得到了该器件的直接调制频率限制和频率啁啾效应下的输出光场表达式,并通过仿真分析得出了高频直接调制频率啁啾下的输出光频谱。

文章描述了一种电控全光波长路由器的实现。首先简单介绍了该系统的工作原理和组成结构;随后对这个系统的两个主要组成部分,从产品的可配置性方面介绍了光交叉矩阵的独特设计,以及相应控制系统的具体实现。其中重点介绍了控制系统各个组成部分的工作原理,并从工作原理出发说明了控制系统的设计思路。最后给出了实验样机的测试结果。

文章介绍了一种新型粗波分复用（CWDM）阵列式光接收模块,用于波分多址（WDMA）基于以太网的无源光网络（EPON）的光线路终端（OLT）侧。该接收模块采用新颖有源、无源混合集成的光电子器件,最终实现了多个波长通道的接收单元电路一体化,因而具有高可靠性、低成本和体积小的特点。在155 Mb it/s速率时该接收机的接收灵敏度优于-34.0 dBm。

在波长路由光网（WRON）中,波长转换对提高网络性能、减少阻塞率起着重要的作用.但由于目前全光波长转换器非常昂贵,因而如何最优利用波长转换是配置光网络的一个重要问题.文中利用遗传算法很好地解决了这一问题,并且利用数值模拟的方法,计算了美国自然科学基金网（NSFnet）网络中最优配置下网络的阻塞情况.然后针对普通遗传算法的缺点,提出了一种改进遗传算法.最后利用数值模拟的方法,比较了两种算法的性能.

Copyright of Chemical Engineering (China) / Huaxue Gongcheng is the property of Hualu Engineering Science & Technology Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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【Objective】The present paper aimed to study the histological characteristics of the ovaries, the changes in concentration of vitellogenin and nutrient metabolism level of Procambarus clarkii under the stress of sunning field, explore the relevant mechanism of nutrient changes during ovarian maturation process of P. clarkii, and the results provided a reference for the improvement and standardization of the production operation of P. clarkii ovary maturity which was promoted by environmental stress in sunning field.【Method】The experimental subjects were divided into sunning field group P. clarkii and control group P. clarkii. The female P. clarkii were collected at 0, 3, 7 and 10 days of the sunning field stress respectively. At each sampling time point, the ovaries were taken for paraffin section and HE staining. The ovaries, hepatopancreas and serum of samples were collected, of which the expression and concentration of vitellogenin mRNA and the level of nutrient metabolism were detected. 【Result】Under the sunning field stress, four ovarian development stages were identified, including the pre-vitellogenesis stage (stage Ⅰ, ovary was yellow, oocyte diameter 150-250 μm), primary vitellogenesis stage (stage Ⅱ, ovary was orange, oocyte diameter 250-600 μm), secondary vitellogenesis stage (stage Ⅲ, ovary was brown, oocyte diameter greater than 600 μm), mature stage (stage Ⅳ, ovary was dark brown, oocyte diameter greater than 1000 μm). At 0 days of the stress, the ovarian maturation rate of female P. clarkii in the sunning field group was similar to that in the control group. At 10 days of experiment, the ovarian maturation rate of the female P. clarkii in the sunning field group rose to 96.67%, while the control group rose to 60.00%. With stress time increasing, the relative expression of vitellogenin mRNA in the ovaries and hepatopancreas of the control group and the sunning field group increased, of which vitellogenin mRNA in the hepatopancreas was greater than that in the ovaries. Over the time of experiment, the total expression level of vitellogenin mRNA of the hepatopancreas in the sunning field group and the control group was greater than that in the ovary, and the contribution rate of the hepatopancreas was greater than that of the ovary. The concentration of vitellogenin in the ovary, hepatopancreas, and serum in the sunning field group and the control group increased over time. The concentration increase of vitellogenin in the sunning field group was significantly higher than that in the control group. There was extremely significant positive correlation between hepatopancreas vitellogenin concentration and ovary vitellogenin concentration, between hepatopancreas vitellogenin concentration and serum vitellogenin concentration, between ovary vitellogenin concentration and serum vitellogenin concentration (P＜0.01). With stress time increased, hemocyanin (Hem), total protein (TP), lactic acid (LA) and glucose (Glu) content in female P. clarkii of both groups all showed a decreasing trend, the decrease range of sunning field group was greater than control group; And contents of triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (TC) showed an increasing trend, and the increasing range of sunning field group was greater than that of control group.【Conclusion】Four developmental stages in ovaries of P. clarkii were identified during environmental stress of sunning field. As stress time passed by, the relative expression and concentration of vitellogenin mRNA in different tissues of P. clarkii increased, of which contribution rate in hepatopancreas was greater than that in ovary. The contents of Hem, TP, LA, and Glu decrease, and the contents of TG and TC increase in P. clarkii, indicating that environmental stress of sunning field has a positive effect on ovarian development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Refrigeration is the property of Journal of Refrigeration Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing is the property of Editorial Department of Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Shaanxi Province from 2012 to 2021. Methods We collected the information of pertussis cases in Shaanxi Province from 2012 to 2021 by the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System for analyzing the incidence and distribution characteristics. Results From 2012 to 2021, a total of 8270 cases of pertussis were reported in Shaanxi Province, with the incidence ranging from 0.21 to 6.20 per 100 000 persons, and for an annual average incidence of 2.17 per 100 000 persons. 44.81%(3 706/8 270)occurred from June to September. The annual average incidence in southern Shaanxi, Guanzhong, and northern Shaanxi was 1.78, 2.47, and 1.46 per 100 000 persons(χ2=289.638, P<0.001). The number of patients(proportions)with pertussis aged 0-1, 1-5, 5-10, and ≥10 years was 3 884(46.96%), 2 869(34.69%), 1 408(17.03%), and 109(1.32%), respectively. The number of patients(proportion)≤ 2 months old, 3-5 months old, and ≥ 6 months old was 884(22.76%),1 608(41.40%), and 1 392(35.84%)among pertussis patients under 1 year old. Conclusion The incidence of pertussis in Shaanxi Province basically showed an increasing trend with higher rates between June and September, higher rates in Guanzhong region of the province, and more patients over 5 years old. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[ Objective] The purpose of the study was to investigate the changes of biochemical indexes and hormones related to the ovarian development of Procambarus clarkii under the sun-field environmental stress and the effects on ovarian development, to provide theoretical basis for the improvement and standardization of the production operation of sun-field environmental stress to promote the maturation of the ovary of P. clarkii, and to promote the sustainable development of the P. clarkii industry. [ Method] P. clarkii were palced in 2 ponds with an area of 1300 m2 as the sun-field group and the control group. Using draining in the sun-field group as the starting point of the experiment, the sunfield group was drained for 10 days and the control group was cultured normally. Female P. clarkii in the 2 groups were collected at O, 3, 7 and 10 days of sun-field environmental stress, respectively. The number of samples was 30 at each time, and the ovaries, hepatopancreas and serum were measured and weighed for the detection of biochemical indices related to ovarian development [ alkaline phosphatase ( AKP / ALP), acid phosphatase ( ACP), glutathione peroxidase ( GSH-Px), prostaglandin F2u ( PGF2a), prostaglandin E2 ( PGE2)], sex steroid hormones [Estrone, 17!3-estradiol (17!3-E2), testosterone (T), progesterone (PROG)], the hyperglycemic family hormones [chromogranulin ( CHH), gonadal inhibitory hormone ( GIH), molting inhibitory hormone ( MIH), mandibular organ inhibitory hormone ( MOIH) ], and the hormones related to ovarian development [ Ecdysone, methylfamesylate ( MF), Cortisol] and were comparatively analyzed. [Result] With the increase of time, the ovarian maturation rate of female P. clarkii in the sun-field group was higher than that of the control group, and the ovarian developmental stage was mainly distributed in stage IV. The results of the biochemical index test showed that at O days of sun-field stress, the contents of AKP/ ALP, ACP, GSH-Px, PGF2u and PGE2 in different tissues of the sun-field group were significantly lower than those of the control group ( P < 0. 05, the same as below) or were not significantly different from those of the control group ( P > 0. 05, the same as below). At 3 and 7 days of sun-field stress, the contents of the biochemical indexes in different tissues of female P. clarkii in the sun-field group were significantly higher than those of the control group or were not significantly different from the control group. At 10 days of sun-field stress, the contents of the biochemical indexes in different tissues of female P. clarkii in the sun-field group were significantly higher than those of the control group. The results of the sex steroid hormone test showed that at O and 3 days of sunfield stress, the contents ofEstrone, 17!3-E2, T and PROG in female P. clarkii in the sun-field group were significantly higher than those in the control group or there was no significant difference between the two groups. At 7 and 10 days of sun-field stress, neutral steroid hormones in female P. clarkii in the sun-field group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The results of hyperglycemic family hormone test showed that at 0 days of sun-field stress, the contents of CHH, GIH, MIH and MOIH were significantly higher than those of the control group. At 3 and 7 days of sun-field stress, the contents of hyperglycemic family hormones in the sun-field group were significantly higher than those of the control group, lower than those of the control group, or had no significant difference with the control group. At 10 days of sun-field stress, the levels of hyperglycemic family hormones in the sun-field group were significantly lower than those in the control group or were not significantly different from those in the control group. The results of ovarian development-related hormones test showed that the contents of Ecdyone, MF and Cortisol in the sun-field group were significantly higher than, lower than or not significantly different from those in the control group at 0 days of sun-field stress. At 3 days of sun-field stress, the ovarian development-related hormones in the sunfield group were significantly higher than or not significantly different from those in the control group. at 7 and 10 days of sun-field stress, ovarian development-related hormones were significantly higher in the sun-field group than in the control group. [ Conclusion] The sun-field environmental stress can promote the maturation of the ovaries of P. clarkii, accelerate the changes of biochemical indexes and hormones related to ovarian development The effect of promoting ovarian maturation reaches its peak at 7 -10 days of sun-field stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing is the property of Editorial Department of Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Control Theory & Applications / Kongzhi Lilun Yu Yinyong is the property of Editorial Department of Control Theory & Applications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To study the effect of early progressive rehabilitation trainingon neuromuscular function recovery of patients with severe mechanical ventilation. Methods A total of 120 patients with severe mechanical ventilation admitted to Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from January 2021 to March 2022 were selected and divided into the control group and the observation group, with 60 cases in each group. The control group received routine rehabilitation training, and the observation group received early progressive rehabilitation training. The recovery of patients in the two groups was compared. Results There was no significant difference in Barthel index between the two groups before treatment(P>0. 05). There was statistically significant difference in Barthel index between the two groups when patients were extubated and discharged from ICU(P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in the scores of sixindicators of functional independence measure(FIM)between the two groups before treatment(P>0. 05). There were statistically significant differences inself-care ability, sphincter control, metastasis and walkingindex(FIM score) when patient were extubated and discharged from ICU(P<0. 05),but there were no statistically significant in FIM scores of social cognition and communication(P>0. 05). The mechanical ventilation time, ICU treatment time and length of hospital stay in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group, and the incidence of complication was lower than that in the control group, with statistical significance(P<0. 05). Conclusion Early progressive rehabilitation training can effectively improve the self-care ability of severe cases, make patients offline as soon as possible, improve the living standards, and reduce the occurrence of complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Computer-Aided Design & Computer Graphics / Jisuanji Fuzhu Sheji Yu Tuxingxue Xuebao is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Railway Science & Engineering is the property of Journal of Railway Science & Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Mine Automation is the property of Industry & Mine Automation Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)