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Objective To investigate the serum levels of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and dynamin 2 (DNM2) in elderly patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and their clinical significance. Methods A total of 123 CHF patients (the CHF group) and 120 healthy people (the control group) were selected. According to New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification, there were 42 cases of grade Ⅱ, 61 cases of grade Ⅲ and 20 cases of grade Ⅳ in the CHF group. The serum levels of LDLR, DNM2 and cardiac function indexes were compared between the CHF group and the control group. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between LDLR, DNM2, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and N-terminal B-type brain natriuretic peptide precursor (NTprobNP). After six months of follow-up, CHF patients were divided into the good prognosis group (98 cases) and the poor prognosis group (25 cases). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of LDLR and DNM2 for CHF with poor prognosis. Results Compared with the control group, the serum levels of LDLR, DNM2 and LVEF decreased in patients with different NYHA grades than those of the control group, while the levels of LVEDD and NT-proBNP were higher than those of the control group (P＜0.05). With the increase of NYHA classification, serum levels of LDLR, DNM2 and LVEF gradually decreased in CHF patients, while LVEDD and NT-proBNP levels gradually increased (P＜0.05). Serum levels of LDLR and DNM2 were positively correlated with LVEF in CHF patients, but negatively correlated with LVEDD and NT-proBNP (P＜0.01). The serum levels of LDLR and DNM2 were lower in the poor prognosis group than those in the good prognosis group (P＜0.05). The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of LDLR combined with DNM2 in the diagnosis of poor prognosis in CHF patients was significantly higher [0.858 (95%CI: 0.751-0.965)] than that of LDLR [0.793 (95%CI: 0.668-0.919)] and DNM2 [0.777 (95%CI: 0.669-0.884)], the sensitivity and specificity were improved. Conclusion Serum levels of LDLR and DNM2 are decreased with the the increase of NYHA classification in CHF patients, which can reflect cardiac function. The combination of the two indicators is helpful to evaluate the prognosis of patients with CHF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the noninvasive indicators of indications for antiviral therapy in HBeAg - negative chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection patients with alanine aminotransferase (ALT)=40 U/ L under the guidance of liver pathology. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 377 HBeAg - negative chronic HBV infection patients with ALT =40 U/ L who were hospitalized in Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, from October 2013 to August 2018 and underwent liver biopsy, among whom the patients with inflammatory activity < A2 and fibrosis stage < F2 were enrolled as non - antiviral therapy group(n =266), and the patients with inflammatory activity =A2 or fibrosis stage =F2 were enrolled as antiviral therapy group(n =111). The chi - square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups;the t - test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Mann - Whitney U test was used for comparison of non - normally distributed continuous data between two groups;univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were used to screen out the influencing factors for the initiation of antiviral therapy;the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of each indicator in determining the need for antiviral therapy in HBeAg - negative chronic HBV infection patients with ALT =40 U/ L. Results Of all 377 patients, 266 (70. 6% )did not need antiviral therapy for the time being, and 111 (29. 4% )had marked liver damage and thus needed active antiviral therapy. The multivariate analysis showed that liver stiffness measurement (LSM) (odds ratio [HR]=2. 003, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1. 647 - 2. 437, P <0.05), HBsAg (HR =1. 563, 95% CI:1. 110 -2. 200, P <0. 05), HBV DNA (HR =1. 519, 95% CI:1.173 -1. 966, P < 0. 05), and albumin (HR =0. 939, 95% CI:0. 884 -0. 998, P <0. 05)were independent influencing factors for the initiation of antiviral therapy. The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC)was 0. 749 (95% CI:0. 699 -0.799)for LSM, 0.642 (95% CI:0. 586 -0. 699) for HBV DNA, and 0. 565 (95% CI:0. 507 -0. 623) for HBsAg, and the combination of LSM, HBV DNA, and HBsAg had a larger AUC of 0. 779 (95% CI:0. 732 -0. 827). Conclusion The levels of LSM, HBV DNA, and HBsAg have a reference value in determining the initiation of antiviral therapy in HBeAg - negative chronic HBV infection patients with ALT=40 U/ L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the value of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis degree in HBeAg-positive patients with chronic HBV infection. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 330 HBeAg-positive patients with chronic HBV infection who were hospitalized in Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University from October 2013 to August 2018 and underwent liver biopsy, and according to liver pathological results, these patients were divided into mild liver fibrosis group (F0-F1) and significant liver fibrosis group (F2-F4). The t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to screen out the indices for the diagnosis of significant liver fibrosis, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted for these indices to evaluate their value in the diagnosis of significant liver fibrosis. Results Of all 330 patients, 245 had mild liver fibrosis and 85 had significant liver fibrosis. There were significant differences between the two groups in HBV DNA, HBsAg, HBeAg, HBcAb, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and LSM (all P＜0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that HBsAg and LSM were independent risk factors for significant liver fibrosis (both P＜0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that only LSM had a diagnostic value, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.744 (95% confidence interval: 0.680-0.808). At the optimal cut-off value of 6.15 kPa, LSM had a sensitivity of 62.4%, a specificity of 76.3%, an accuracy of 72.1%, a positive predictive value of 72.5%, and a negative predictive value of 67.0% in predicting significant liver fibrosis. ConclusionLSM has a good value in predicting significant liver fibrosis in HBeAg-positive patients with chronic HBV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of pharmacotherapy on decompensated liver function in children with hepatolenticular degeneration. Methods Three children with “liver cirrhosis and decompensated liver function” as the onset of hepatolenticular degeneration who were admitted to Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from August 1, 2015 to August 1, 2016 were enrolled, and ATP7B gene sequencing was performed to make a confirmed diagnosis. Clinical outcome was recorded. Results Compound heterozygous mutation of the ATP78 gene was detected in the three children. After comprehensive medical treatment, all children had improvements in hypoproteinemia and coagulation function, and two children had a reduced Child-Pugh score. Conclusion Hepatolenticular degeneration should be considered for children with unexplained abnormal liver function and even liver cirrhosis, and early diagnosis and timely pharmacotherapy can reduce the need for liver transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the value of blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-MRI) in the assessment of renal oxygenation of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods From April 2014 to October 2015, kidney scans were conducted in eighteen patients with T2DM and twenty-two healthy controls with a Philips 3.0T scanner by using a BOLD-MRI sequence. The medullary and cortical apparent relaxation rate(R2*)values were measured in both groups. Paired samples t-test and independent samples t-test were used in data comparison within or between groups. The correlation between the renal glomerular filtration rate estimated using cystatin C(CysC-GFR) and the R2* values was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient analysis. Results The medullary R2* values were significantly higher than those of cortex in both groups (t=21.5, 21.1,both P<0.01). The cortex R2* values in patients with T2DM and healthy controls were (15.3±1.9) and (15.0±1.7) 1/s respectively, and there was no significant differences between two groups (t=0.7, P>0.05). The medullary R2* values in the patients with T2DM and healthy controls were (38.1±4.1) and (29.6±2.7) 1/s respectively, it was significantly higher in the type 2 diabetic patients than that in healthy controls (t=8.0, P<0.01). Medullary R2* value had a high sensitivity (83.33%) and specificity (100%) in identifying patients with T2DM with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.965, and the best testing threshold was 34.1 1/s. The medullary R2* value was found positively correlated with CysC-GFR level in patients with T2DM (r=0.7, P<0.01), but no correlation was found between the cortical R2* value and CysC-GFR (r=0.1, P>0.05). Conclusion BOLD-MRI can detect and assess the renal medullary hypoxia in patients with T2DM at the early stage, and medullary R2* value may reflect the changes of renal function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of osteoporosis screening tool Chinese( OSTC) in postmenopausal women in mainland China. Methods A total of 292 over 50 years old women were recruited from November 2013 to March 2014. Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and the left femoral neck was examined using DXA. OSTC risk indexes of each subject were calculated based on their weight and age,and were then compared. Re sults The bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and the left femoral neck was positively correlated with OSTC indexes( r = 0. 430,r = 0. 623,P < 0. 001). According to the two risk levels,OSTC indexes could diagnose osteoporosis with the sensitivity of 92. 7% and with the specificity of 37. 1%. The area under ROC curve was 0. 760,and the 95% confidence interval was from 0. 697 to 0. 823. Conclusion OSTC index is positively correlated with bone mineral density,with high sensitivity. It can be used as an early screening tool for postmenopausal osteoporosis and has a high clinical application value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As reported by the world health organization, about 650 thousand people die of liver failure, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma caused by hepatitis B virus ( HBV) infection every year. Although to a certain extent, the application of interferon and nucleos( t) ide analogues reduces the adverse outcome of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) , so far no effective therapeutic method can eliminate HBV. HBV carriers have a significantly lower incidence rate of adverse outcome than active CHB patients, but they still have the risk of progression to liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. This article discusses the clinical identification and management of HBV carriers, so as to further clarify the features of chronic HBV carriers and related treatment measures in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the effects of silencing miR-20a-5p on malignant biological behavior and expression of zinc finger protein 3（Zbed3）and Axin in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating Tripartite motif family-like 1 （TRIML1）. Methods Online database TargetScan and double luciferase reporter assay confirmed that TRIML1 was the target gene of miR-20a-5p. Huh-7 cells which had significantly higher expression of miR-20a-5p and TRIML1 than human normal liver cell 7701 were selected for the experiment，and were randomly divided into seven groups. The cells in the model group were cultured normally，and the cells in the miR-20a-5p-NC group were transfected with miR-20a-5p negative control. The cells in the miR-20a-5p siRNA group were transfected with miR-20a-5p siRNA，TRIML1-NC group with TRIML1 negative control，and TRIML1 siRNA group with TRIML1 siRNA，Triml1-NC + miR-20a-5p-NC group with TRIML1 negative control + miR-20a-5p negative control，and TRIML1 siRNA+ miR-20a-5p siRNA group with TRIML1 siRNA+ miR-20a-5p siRNA，and they were all transfected for 48 h. The expression levels of TRIML1 and miR-20a-5p were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR，the apoptosis rate and the number of migrating and invading cells were detected by flow cytometry and Transwell cell assay，and the expression levels of Zbed3 and Axin proteins were detected by Western blotting. Results No significant differeces were found in the relative expression levels of TRIML1， miR-20a-5p，apoptosis rate，number of migrating cells，number of invading cells or relative expression levels of Zbed3 and Axin proteins between the model group，miR-20a-5p-NC group，TRIML1-NC group and TRIML1-NC+ miR-20a-5p-NC group（all P>0. 05). Compared with the model group，miR-20a-5p-NC group，TRIML1-NC group，and TRIML1-NC+ miR-20a-5p-NC group，the relative expression levels of TRIML1 and miR-20a-5p and the number of migrating cells，invad‐ ing cells and Zbed3 protein decreased，the apoptosis rate and Axin protein relative expression increased，and the changes of TRIML1 siRNA+ miR-20a-5p siRNA group were more obvious in the miR-20a-5p siRNA group，TRIML1 siRNA group， and TRIML1 siRNA+ miR-20a-5p siRNA group（all P<0. 05). Conclusion Silencing the expression of miR-20a-5p can inhibit the invasion and metastasis of Huh-7 cells and the expression of Zbed3，and promote apoptosis and Axin protein expression；the mechanism may be related to the positive regulation of TRIML1 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lanthanide ion-doped upconversion luminescent nanomaterials with unique nonlinear Anti-Stokes luminescence have broad applications in life sciences, photonic transport, programmable control, and information encoding and decoding. Rare-earth-doped orthogonal luminescent nanocrystals are a major emerging research direction in the field of luminescence in recent years, which is based on the upconversion luminescence mechanism to realize the multifunctional integration of orthogonal luminescence on a single nanoparticle in a reasonable core-shell structure design, broadening the optional range and spatio-temporal tunability of spectra to further promote its application in related fields. This review summarizes the recent progress in the design optimization of synthetic rare-earth-doped orthogonal luminescent nanocrystals, and systematically discusses the regulation process of achieving orthogonal luminescence via energy transfer of rare-earth ions based on core-shell structures construction, as well as presents its applications in frontier fields such as information security anti-counterfeiting, bioimaging and therapy. Furthermore, the current challenges and future prospects of orthogonal luminescence are also summed up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｉｍｍｕｎｅ ｔｏｌｅｒａｎｃｅ ｓｔａｇｅ ｏｆ ｃｈｒｏｎｉｃ ｈｅｐａｔｉｔｉｓ Ｂ ｖｉｒｕｓ （ＨＢＶ）ｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｎ ａｒｅ ｉｎ ａ ｓｔａｔｅ ｏｆ ｈｉｇｈ ｖｉｒａｌ ｒｅｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｌｏｗ ｉｎｆｌａｍｍａｔｉｏｎ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｌｉｖｅｒ，ａｎｄ ｔｈｅｙ ｏｆｔｅｎ ｈａｖｅ ｎｏ ｄｉｓｅａｓｅ ｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ． Ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ，ａｎｔｉｖｉｒａｌ ｔｈｅｒａｐｙ ｉｓ ｎｏｔ ｒｅｃｏｍｍｅｎｄｅｄ ｉｎ ｒｅｌａｔｅｄ ｇｕｉｄｅｌｉｎｅｓ． Ｒｅｃｅｎｔ ｓｔｕｄｉｅｓ ｈａｖｅ ｆｏｕｎｄ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｉｍｍｕｎｅ ｔｏｌｅｒａｎｃｅ ｓｔａｇｅ ｈａｖｅ ｉｍｍｕｎｅ ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅ ａｎｄ ｌｉｖｅｒ ｉｎｊｕｒｙ，ｗｈｉｃｈ ｉｓ ａ ｒｉｓｋ ｆａｃｔｏｒ ｆｏｒ ｌｉｖｅｒ ｃａｎｃｅｒ，ａｎｄ ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ，ａｎｔｉｖｉｒａｌ ｔｈｅｒａｐｙ ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ｂｅ ａｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ ｉｎｉｔｉａｔｅｄ ｔｏ ｐｒｅｖｅｎｔ ｄｉｓｅａｓｅ ｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ． Ｔｈｉｓ ａｒｔｉｃｌｅ ｓｕｍｍａｒｉｚｅｓ ｔｈｅ ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ ａｄｖａｎｃｅｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｄｉａｇｎｏｓｉｓ ａｎｄ ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ ｏｆ ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｉｍｍｕｎｅ ｔｏｌｅｒａｎｃｅ ｓｔａｇｅ ｏｆ ｃｈｒｏｎｉｃ ＨＢＶ ｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｐｏｉｎｔｓ ｏｕｔ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅｒｅ ａｒｅ ｓｔｉｌｌ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｖｅｒｓｉｅｓ ｏｖｅｒ ｔｈｅ ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ａｎｔｉｖｉｒａｌ ｔｈｅｒａｐｙ ｉｎ ｓｕｃｈ ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ． Ａｐｐｒｏｐｒｉａｔｅ ｔｉｍｉｎｇ ｏｆ ａｎｔｉｖｉｒａｌ ｔｈｅｒａｐｙ ｈａｓ ａ ｇｒｅａｔ ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｃｅ ｉｎ ｉｍｐｒｏｖｉｎｇ ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ'ｐｒｏｇｎｏｓｉｓ ａｎｄ ｒｅｄｕｃｉｎｇ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃ ｂｕｒｄｅｎ． [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the natural history of chronic HBV infection, immune tolerance phase is the early stage of disease progression and plays a decisive role in disease monitoring and treatment. The latest CHB guidelines in China and foreign countries recommend regular follow-up for patients in immune tolerance phase, instead of antiviral therapy. Although patients with chronic HBV infection in immune tolerance phase tend to have a good prognosis, they may also have the risk of progression to end-stage liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver function decompensation. This article elaborates on the influencing factors for natural prognosis of patients with chronic HBV infection in immune tolerance phase and provides a theoretical basis for clinical judgment of patient′s conditions, determination of the most appropriate timing for the initiation of antiviral therapy, and individualized management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的　了解西宁地区2 730例健康体检者幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacter pylori， Hp）感染情况。方法 2021年5 月—2021年12月，通过青海大学附属医院、青海仁济医院、西宁市第一医疗集团总院等14家医疗中心对西宁市新、 老城区健康体检人群进行分层整群抽样，共纳入2 730例西宁地区健康体检者，收集受试者一般资料，采用13C-尿素 呼气试验评价受试者Hp感染情况。多因素logistic回归法分析人群Hp感染危险因素。结果 2 730例受试者Hp感 染率为54. 5%（1 488/2 730）。不同年龄段健康体检人群的Hp感染率具有统计学差异（P<0. 05）。不同民族健康体 检人群 Hp感染率比较，差异有统计学意义（χ2 =16. 32，P=0. 003），藏族人群 Hp感染率显著高于汉族（P<0. 05）。与 居住于老城区的健康体检人群相比，居住于新城区者 Hp感染率更高（P<0. 05）。与无相应习惯的健康体检人群相 比，吸烟、喜食手抓羊肉者Hp感染率较高，差异有统计学意义（P均<0. 05）。20～<36岁、回族、藏族、吸烟、居住于新 城区是西宁地区健康人群Hp感染的独立危险因素（OR=1. 620，1. 323，1. 413，2. 060，1. 318；95% CI 1. 097～2. 393， 1. 028～1. 704，1. 076～1. 854，1. 749～2. 426，1. 119～1. 552，P 均<0. 05）。结论　西宁地区健康人群 Hp 感染率偏 高。20～<36岁、回族、藏族、居住于新城区、吸烟人群Hp感染风险较高。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的　探讨ｍｉＲ-425对卵巢癌细胞迁移和侵袭的影响及其机制。方法　ＲＴ-ＰＣＲ测定卵巢细胞系 ＳＫＯＶ3及正常卵巢细胞系ＨＯＳＥ中ｍｉＲ-425表达水平，将ＳＫＯＶ3细胞分为ｌｅｎｔ-ｓｈｍｉＲ-425和ｌｅｎｔ-ｓｈｖｅｃｔｏｒ组，分别 转染ｌｅｎｔ-ｓｈｍｉＲ-425和ｌｅｎｔ-ｓｈｖｅｃｔｏｒ，24ｈ后行细胞划痕试验和Ｔｒａｎｓｗｅｌｌ侵袭小室试验。应用ＴａｒｇｅｔＳｃａｎ预测ｍｉＲ- 425与ＰＴＥＮ因子3′端非翻译区结合位点。将ＳＫＯＶ3细胞分成3组：野生型质粒组、突变型质粒组、阴性对照组，分 别共转染ｍｉＲ-425及野生型荧光素酶报告质粒ｐＧＬ3-ＰＴＥＮ3′ＵＴＲ，ｍｉＲ-425和突变型荧光素酶报告质粒ｐＧＬ3- ＰＴＥＮ3′ＷＴ，ｍｉＲ-425和对照荧光素酶质粒，用荧光素酶试验检测各组荧光素酶活性。结果　在卵巢癌细胞系ＳＫ- ＯＶ3中ｍｉＲ-425相对表达量为2.1，正常卵巢细胞系ＨＯＳＥ为1.0，两者比较，Ｐ<0.05。ｌｅｎｔ-ｓｈｍｉＲ-425组划痕愈合 率为27.56％ ±2.14％，ｌｅｎｔ-ｓｈｖｅｃｔｏｒ组划痕愈合率为89.15％ ±6.24％，两组比较，Ｐ<0.05。ｌｅｎｔ-ｓｈｍｉＲ-425组侵袭 细胞数为(75±10)个/200倍视野，ｌｅｎｔ-ｓｈｖｅｃｔｏｒ组侵袭细胞数为(160±20)个/200倍视野，两组比较，Ｐ<0.05。 ＴａｒｇｅｔＳｃａｎ预测ｍｉＲ-425与ＰＴＥＮ因子3′端非翻译区的结合位点结合；野生型质粒组、突变型质粒组、阴性对照组荧 光素酶活性分别为23.70±0.93、99.27±5.90、104.00±4.02。野生型质粒组低于突变型质粒组和阴性对照组(Ｐ 均<0.05)。突变型质粒组与阴性对照组比较，Ｐ>0.05。结论　ｍｉＲ-425水平升高可促进卵巢癌细胞迁移和侵 袭，其机制可能与ｍｉＲ-425靶向调节ＰＴＥＮ表达有关。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the effect of endoscopic ligation and sclerotherapy on internal hemorrhoids bleeding and the effect of technical cooperation with endoscopic technicians. Methods The clinical data of 80 patients with internal hemorrhoids bleeding admitted to the gastroenterology endoscopy center of our hospital from July 2019 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups: Ligation Group and Sclerotherapy Group,with 40 cases in each group.The differences in the success rate of endoscopic hemostasis,the incidence of postoperative complications,the treatment time of internal hemorrhoids, the elimination rate of internal hemorrhoids,and the relationship between the two groups and the coordination of endoscopic technologists were analyzed. Results The success rate of hemostasis in the ligation group [87.5% (35/40)] was significantly higher than that in the sclerotherapy group [65.0% (26/40)].The endoscopic treatment time [(6.6±1.5)min] was significantly shorter than that of the sclerotherapy group [(9.4±1.2)min]. the hemostatic effect of endoscopic ligation 1 and 6 months after operation was significantly better than that of sclerotherapy group. There was no bleeding of internal hemorrhoids after endoscopic ligation.The elimination rate of internal hemorrhoids [100.0% (40/40)] was significantly higher than that of sclerosis treatment group [85.0% (34/40)]. Only 2 patients had mild scar stricture of rectum,the incidence of postoperative complications[5.0%(2/40)] was much lower than that of the sclerotherapy group (1 case of Anorectal Stenosis,2 cases of postoperative infection,6 cases of secondary bleeding,the incidence of complications was 22.5%(9/40)). The technical cooperation degree of senior technician was better than that of the competent technician,and the technical cooperation degree of the competent technician was better than that of the junior technician. The better the technical cooperation of the technician,the better the curative effect and the less the complications. Conclusion In patients with internal hemorrhoids bleeding,endoscopic ligation is shorter than Sclerotherapy,with higher success rate and fewer long-term complications. Skilled cooperation of technical personnel is closely related to clinical curative effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. At present,the treatment methods for HCC mainly include surgical treatment,local regional treatment,radiotherapy,systematic treatment,and traditional Chinese medicine treatment. This article introduces the indications for surgical treatment,surgical procedures,and the advantages of postoperative adjuvant therapy,analyzes the indications for liver transplantation and its future application in clinical practice,and describes the basic principles,optimal indications,and technical advantages of mature and new ablation techniques at present. It is pointed out that for patients with early-stage HCC,the advantages and shortcomings of each treatment regimen should be fully understood to select a precise treatment regimen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is recognized as an important risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the world; however, during the development and progression of hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, and liver cancer, other factors may promote the development of HCC independently or synergistically with HBV, such as sex, age, family history, alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase, smoking and drinking history, metabolic syndrome, and HCV or HIV infection. This article reviews the research advances in the risk factors associated with HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The objective of this study is to identify pathogens causing typical anthracnose symptoms of papaya fruit in Hainan province and screen the effective fungicides to control them. 【Method】These pathogens are isolated, purified and pathogenicity-tested by Koch’s Rule. The pathogens were identified by their morphological characteristics and the sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosmal DNA（ITS）. The inhibitory activities of 17 fungicides to these two pathogens were determined by the mycelial growth rate method. 【Result】The isolate C1 and Colletotrichum capsici had similar morphological characteristics, while the isolate G1 and C. gloeospcrides had similar morphological characteristics. ITS sequences of them were amplified with universal primers of ITS1/ITS4. By sequence comparison with the related sequence in GenBank. It showed that the nucleotide homogeneity of the isolate C1 and C. capsici reached 99 %, while the isolate G1 and C. gloeospcrides also reached 99 %. The studies of toxicity test showed that 500 mg/mL prochloraz WG had the best inhibition to the mycelial growth of two pathogens, which the average of EC50 values was 0.03 μg/mL, followed by 300 mg/mL fludioxonil SC and 250 mg/mL propiconazole EC. The average of EC50 values were 0.04 and 0.11 μg/mL. 【Conclusion】It is concluded that the pathogens of papaya fruit anthrocnose are caused by C. capsici and C. gloeospcrides. 500 mg/mL prochloraz WG, 300 mg/mL fludioxonil SC and 250 mg/mL propiconazole EC have efficiently inhibitory effect on anthrocnose of papaya fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

乙型肝炎病毒（ HBV）感染预后与环境、HBV病毒学、宿主先天和后天免疫反应以及机体的基因等因素有关。机体先天免疫状况及其基因多态性可以影响白细胞介素18（IL-18）的正常表达。 IL-18是促炎症细胞因子，在多种疾病发生和发展过程中具有重要作用，包括HBV感染。研究表明IL-1β和IL-18异常低水平表达可能与乙型肝炎慢性化存在关联，但具体机制尚未明确，推测可能与机体某些天然免疫受体异常有关。 IL-18基因启动子－607和－137位点单核苷酸多态性可以影响IL-18基因的表达，导致IL-18的合成水平不同。近期的一些研究表明，等位基因－137位点C是保护性基因，可能阻止慢性乙型肝炎的发生或发展；IL-18－607A／A基因型是慢性乙型肝炎的易感基因。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]