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Potato wild species possess abundant genetic diversity that serves as crucial repositories for desirable traits in genetic improvement of cultivated potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). Nevertheless, the classification of wild and cultivated potatoes has long been a subject of contention. In 1990, Hawkes categorized seven cultivated species and 228 wild species, divided into 21 taxonomic series in the section Petota. Subsequently, with the rise of molecular biology and sequencing technologies, Spooner consolidated and supplemented the potato classification with diverse morphological and molecular evidence in 2014, which resulted in the division of the section Petota into three evolutionary clades, comprising 107 wild species and four cultivated species. Furthermore, using archaeological and modern genomic analyses, it is verified that S. candolleanum is the immediate ancestor of cultivated potato. Recent resequencing efforts have provided additional genomic information on diverse potato germplasms. These findings, coupled with emerging technologies like genomic selection breeding and genome editing, are anticipated to innovate models and approaches for potato breeding and offer new avenues for precise molecular breeding. In this article, the evolutionary trajectory, taxonomic evolution and the prospects for utilization of potato germplasm were reviewed, in order to provide reference for the improvement and breeding utilization of potato germplasm resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BaTiO3is a very common ferroelectric material, which is often used to prepare ferroelectric photovoltaic devices or combine with semiconductor devices to optimize the photoelectric performance of photovoltaic devices. BaTiO3nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method, and BaTiO3nanocrystalline films were prepared on FTO glass. Then different thicknesses of TiO2 layers were formed on BaTiO3nanocrystalline films by TiCl4 aqueous solution post-treatment. The physical phase and morphology of BaTiO3@TiO2 nanocrystalline films were characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscope（SEM） and transmission electron microscope（TEM）. The electrode was sensitized with N719 dye and used as a photoanode of dye sensitized solar cells, and photoelectric properties were tested. The result shows that the BaTiO3film was spherical porous and tetragonal structure with the average particle size of about 50 nm. TiO2 particles of anatase phase were formed on the surface of BaTiO3thin film after TiCl4 post-treatment. The dye sensitized solar cell prepared by hydrothermal synthesis of BaTiO3nanoparticles at 180 °c and treated by 4 times of post-treatment achieved the optimal performance, with the photocurrent density, open circuit voltage, fill factor and power conversion efficiency of 9.78 mA/cm2, 765 mV, 76.1 % and 5.69 %, respectively [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermal radiation intensities at different positions around the full surface fire of oil tank with different types of oil and different sizes of oil tanks were calculated and analyzed based on point source model. The theoretical calculation results were verified by a series ol 20 m2 Full surfaec fire experiments of diesel oil tank. The results indicate that the theoretical calculation results based on point source model are basically consistent with the experimental results. The thermal radiation intensities received by the targets at different positions around the oil tank decreases exponentially with the increase of the distances from the targets to the tank wall. It is found that the thermal radiation intensities are closely related to tank areas and fuel types. The larger the tank area is, the greater the thermal radiation intensity around the tank. For the same area of tank fire, the order from large to small of thermal radiation intensity of different types of fuel is gasoline, diesel, crude oil. It is also found that the ambient wind can cause the center of the flame of tank fire to shift downwind, which can reduce the thermal radiation intensity in the upwind region. This study can provide guidance for scientific rescue of full surface fire of large oil tanks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The purpose of the study is to explore new effective biological control bacteria of Fusarium head blight and test its control effect, so as to provide a theoretical basis for biological control of Fusarium head blight. 【Method】In the experiment, the strain was isolated by dilution coating. The bacteria was identified by observation of colony morphological characteristics, gram staining, 16S rDNA sequence and phylogenetic analysis. The effects of this strain on colony growth, sporulation, spore germination and infectivity of Fusarium graminearum were studied by plate confrontation, CMC sporulation, spore germination induced by YEPD, contusion inoculation and single flower inoculation. 【Result】A biocontrol bacterium with antibacterial activity against F. graminearum was isolated from the soil around healthy wheat and named XH-1. The strain XH-1 was positive for gram staining and its colony morphology was similar to that of Bacillus. BLAST alignment and phylogenetic analysis of its 16S rDNA sequence showed that the strain was Bacillus subtilis. Plate confrontation test showed that XH-1 could inhibit the colony growth of F. graminearum and the inhibition rate was 45.6%. Under the influence of XH-1, the spore production of F. graminearum was close to 0. Spore germination test showed that XH-1 not only inhibited the germination of conidia, but also caused abnormal expansion of spores. The findings of wheat ear single flower inoculation and leaf poke inoculation indicated that XH-1 could reduce F. graminearum’s capacity to infect wheat. 【Conclusion】The aforementioned findings demonstrate that B. subtilis XH-1 has a good application potential and demonstrates a good bacteriostatic impact on F. graminearum, providing tools for the biological control of Fusarium head blight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to meet the requirement of the greenhouse structure construction, a wedge-shaped box joint connecting box column and H-shaped beam was proposed to overcome the inconvenient construction and poor seismic performance of the conventional joint in the H-shaped beam and box section column, such as the conventional outboard plate joint and the internal baffles joint. The finite element simulation analysis of the joints under cyclic loading was carried out by the finite element analysis software ANSYS. The seismic performance of the joint was analyzed and compared with the conventional outboard plate joint and the internal baffles joint. The influences of the flange and web thickness of the beam, and the thickness of the rectangular tube column on the seismic performance of the joint were discussed. The seismic performance of the wedge-shaped box joint was better than that of the outboard plate joint, so it could be applied to the actual engineering instead of the conventional outboard plate joint. The cumulative energy consumption was 25.40% higher than that of the outboard plate joint, and 20.46% lower than that of the internal baffles joint. The stiffness of the wedge-shaped box joint was larger than that of the outboard plate joint. The hysteretic curve of the joint was relatively full, which embodied the good seismic performance. The plastic hinge of the internal baffles joint appeared at about 200 mm outside the column edge. The plastic hinge of the wedge-shaped box joint and the outboard plate joint was about 450 and 500 mm outside the column edge, respectively. However, the region area in the wedge-shaped box joint was smaller than the other joints. The plastic hinge position of the wedge-shaped box joint moved to the middle of the span under cyclic loadings, which ensured the design concept of "strong column with weak beam, strong node with weak component". The thickness of the flange and web of the wedge-shaped box joint had a great influence on the seismic performance. In the case of no exceeding the thickness of the column, the initial stiffness, the yield load and the ultimate bearing capacity of the joint were obviously increased with the increasing of the thickness of the flange and web of the beam, which meant that the seismic performance of the joint was improved. At the same time the adverse consequence of strong beam would not be produced. The change rate of cross section width of wedge-shaped box had a great influence on the energy dissipating capacity of the joint. As the change rate of cross section width decreased from 1:2 to 1:5, the energy dissipating capacity of the joint and the stiffness after yielding increased. However, it was difficult to make the production and installation of the joint. In practical engineering, it was suggested the change rate of cross section width should equal 1:4. Therefore, the distribution of the stress in the wedge-shaped box joint was more reasonable. After solving the defects of the internal baffles joint, such as the inconvenience of the construction and pouring concrete, the bearing capacity and stiffness of the wedge-shaped box joint were improved, which were beneficial to the seismic resistance of a structure. The above results show that the wedge-shaped box joint has a good seismic performance and is more suitable for tourism greenhouse structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To select suitable materials for remediation of heavy metal pollution in karst areas of Guizhou Province and ecological reclamation of mining area. A total of 30 dominant plants and their root soils were collected in Niujiaotang lead-zinc mining area of Guizhou Province for testing of the contents of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in aboveground, underground and root soils. The enrichment and transport coefficients of heavy metals by plants were calculated, and the application potential of plants was comprehensively evaluated by cluster analysis. The results were as follows:(1)Cd contents in the aerial part of Senecio scandens and Bidens Pilosa were respetively 40.33 mg·kg-1and 43.26 mg·kg-1, the enrichment coefficients(aboveground part)were respectively 0.20 and 0.37, and the transport coefficients were respectively 1.35 and 1.16, and they had strong ability to enrich Cd and had certain remediation potential for Cd contaminated soil.(2)The contents of Cd and Zn in aboveground of Polygonum capitatum were 77.49 mg·kg-1 and 3 557.96 mg·kg-1 respectively, which were the maximum values among the 30 plants investigated in this survey. It is a potential plant material for remediation of Cd and Zn contaminated soil.(3)The content of Ni in aboveground of Buddleja lindleyana was 0.62 mg·kg-1, and the enrichment coefficient(aerial part)and transport coefficient were 6.16 and 1.37 respectively. However, a further study need to be done to test whether the plant for Ni enrichment.(4)The contents of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in the roots of Mirabilis jalapa and Equisetum ramosissimum were much higher than those in aboveground, which were root-hoarding plants. The contents of Cd, Cu, Zn and other heavy metals in aboveground and underground parts of Indigofera bungeana were relatively low, which belonged to evading plant. Therefore, Senecio scandens, Bidens pilosa, and Polygonum capitatum can be used to remediate heavy metal pollution in soil, and Mirabilis jalapa, Equisetum ramosissimum, and Indigofera bungeana can be used for reclamation of mining area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Huashu 16' is a specialized variety for small potato production with many excellent characteristics such as a high small potato yield and good taste. Clarifying its tubering characteristics is beneficial for further improving the yield and quality of 'Huashu 16' in production. In this study, both 'Huashu 16', and 'Huashu 1', a conventional variety, were used as test materials, and the dynamic changes of indicators such as number of tubers per plant, number of main stems, and fresh weight of tubers per plant were closely observed. In comparison to 'Huashu 1', the small potato variety 'Huashu 16' had delayed dry matter accumulation and stronger plant vigor. On average, there were five tubers per plant for 'Huashu 1' and 18 tubers per plant for 'Huashu 16' throughout the entire reproductive period. The reason for the higher tubers per plant in 'Huashu 16' lied in more main stems. Additionally, 'Huashu 16' had longer growth period, and to increase the small potato yield, early harvesting is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the pathogen fungi of stem rot of Xanthium strumarium and investigate the inhibitory effects of seven fungicides in carbendazim, imazalil, procymidon, thiabendazole, topsin-methyl, fludioxonil and prochloraz on it in vivo.【Method】The pathogenic fungi were isolated from the stem base of X. strumarium by hyphal tip cutting method, and the pathogen of stem rot on X. strumarium was confirmed by Koch’s rule verification. To identify the pathogen species, morphological characteristics of the pathogenic colonies, mycelium and sclerotium were noted, internal transcribed spacer（ITS) and translation elongation factor 1-α（TEF1-α) sequences were amplified by molecular biological PCR, cloned and sequenced to further analyze and identify the pathogen species.【Result】The six pathogens were isolated, and their morphological characteristics were consistent with Athellia rolfsii. About 1 week after the mycelium and sclerotium of the pathogen were respectively inoculated on the base of healthy X. strumarium stems, the symptoms of the most experimental group were the same as those of diseased plants in the field. The sequence of NCXS-1 clone was 100% consistent with the corresponding sequences of A. rolfsii strains in the database. Among the seven screened pesticide fungicides, NCXS-1 was not sensitive to carbendazim, imazalil, procymidone, thiabendazole and topsin-methyl, and both fludioxonil and prochloraz had certain inhibitory effect on the colony growth of A. rolfsii, where fludioxonil had the strongest inhibitory effect with EC50 as 0.12 mg/L.【Conclusion】The pathogen causing stem rot of X. strumarium was identified as A. rolfsii, and fludioxonil was the most effective fungicide for inhibiting the growth of stem rot of X. strumarium in 7 kinds of pesticides. The results can provide useful guidance for the effective control of X. strumarium stem rot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current potato germplasm resource preservation landscape, in vitro methods have gained widespread acceptance. Exploring the preservation conditions for extending the subculture cycle of test-tube seedlings can effectively reduce the risk and preservation cost. In this study, six different genotypes of potato materials were selected from the germplasm resources, and the effects of pre-rooting, temperature, sucrose concentration and subculture method on the preservation of potato test-tube seedlings were investigated using plant status, plant height and survival rate as indicators to explore the widely applicable conditions for long-term low temperature preservation of potato testtube seedlings. Test- tube seedlings without pre- rooting treatment showed minimal growth on the 60th day of low temperature preservation and eventually died, suggesting that pre- rooting treatment is essential for the successful low temperature preservation of test-tube seedlings. The growth rate of test-tube seedlings at 4℃ was slower compared to those at 7℃, and the plant height was obviously smaller on the 90th day. However, the survival rate of test-tube seedlings from four different materials at 7℃ was 100%, while it was only 53.75% at 4℃, indicating that a temperature of 7℃ is more suitable for preserving potato germplasm resources with various genotypes. Furthermore, the plant height of test- tube seedlings in a medium with 8% sucrose on the 90th day was obviously lower than those with 4% sucrose. Survival statistics revealed that all test-tube seedlings in the medium with 4% sucrose died after being stored at a temperature of 7℃ for 270 days, whereas there was still a survival rate of approximately 61.25% for those in an 8% sucrose concentration medium. These findings suggest that an 8% sucrose concentration could prolong the low temperature preservation time for potato test-tube seedlings. In short, using a sucrose concentration of 8% in combination with an ambient temperature of 7℃ could be effective for long-term low temperature preservation of most potato lines. Additionally, a subculture method involving test tube culture seeding and alternate box culture seedling was explored, which effectively improved the preservation of weak-growth germplasm resources and increased their survival rate from 22.50% (test tube culture seeding) to 95.00% (alternate subculture of test-tube culture seedlings-box culture seedlings) on the 90th day of low temperature preservation. This research provides valuable guidance for optimizing the conditions required for long-term preservation of potato germplasm resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the value of serum lactate dehydrogenase in evaluating severe pneumonia in patients undergoing craniocerebral surgery. Methods: 268 patients undergoing selective craniocerebral surgery in our hospital from July 2020 to June 2022 were selected. They were divided into non infection group (n=185) and pneumonia group (n=83) according to whether they were complicated with postoperative pneumonia. The pneumonia group was divided into severe pneumonia 31 cases and common pneumonia 52 cases according to the severity of pneumonia. Serum PCT and CRP levels were measured by ELISA; The serum LDH level was detected by enzyme colorimetry, and the correlation between the serum LDH, PCT, CRP levels and the severity of the disease in patients with pneumonia was analyzed by Pearson correlation test. ROC curve was used to analyze the clinical diagnostic value of serum LDH, PCT, CRP levels in patients with severe pneumonia after craniocerebral surgery, and the prognostic value of serum LDH, PCT, CRP levels in patients with severe pneumonia after craniocerebral surgery. Results: The levels of serum LDH, PCT and CRP in patients with common pneumonia were significantly higher than those in the uninfected group on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after operation (P<0.05); Compared with the common pneumonia group, the serum LDH, PCT and CRP levels in the severe pneumonia group were significantly higher (P<0.05). Pearson correlation test showed that serum LDH, PCT, CRP levels were positively correlated with PSI scores in patients with craniocerebral surgery complicated with pneumonia (P<0.05). The ROC curve was established based on the serum LDH, PCT and CRP levels on the first day after operation. The results showed that the areas under the curve of serum LDH, PCT and CRP were 0.840, 0.825 and 0.746 respectively. The ROC curve was established based on the serum LDH, PCT and CRP levels 7 days after operation. The results showed that the areas under the curve of serum LDH, PCT and CRP were 0.819, 0.725 and 0.684 respectively. Conclusion: LDH is highly expressed in patients with craniocerebral operation complicated with pneumonia, which is positively related to the severity of pneumonia. LDH has good value in distinguishing non severe pneumonia patients from severe pneumonia patients and predicting the 28 day mortality of severe pneumonia patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The study intends to isolate the Penicillium strains from postharvest mold citrus, and identify the parasitic mycovirus in Penicillium pathogen. [Method] Using decaying fruits in citrus orchard as materials, conidia were selected and separated by streaking on PDA medium.Virus strains with additional nucleic acid fragments of the genome were screened according to total genome electrophoresis map, and the corresponding viruses were identified by RT-PCR amplification of additional fragments. [Result] According to the colony morphology, two types of Penicillium（25 strains in total） with distinct colony characteristics were isolated, including 16 strains of Penicillium with grey-green colonies and 9 strains of Penicillium with dark yellow-green colonies.Two representative strains of P.italicum and P.digitatum（DY10 and DY18） were amplified by ITS and the PCR product was sequenced.The identification results showed that they were P.italicum and P.digitatum, respectively.The total genome of Penicillium strains possessed an additional element with a size of about 6000 bp.It was speculated that it might be homologous to the reported PdV1 virus genome.Using PdV1 genome as a reference sequence, a primer pair was designed to amplify cDNA from the dsRNA by RT-PCR.The PCR product was a specific fragment with a size of about 500 bp spanned CP to RdRp encoding genes partial sequences, which was sequenced to obtain a sequence of 444 bp by Sanger sequencing.The BLASTx alignment showed that the cDNA sequence derived from the viral dsRNA was 99.7% identity with the homology region of the P.digitatum virus 1（KU257669.1, KU933932.1）. [Conclusion] Four strains of P.digitatum virus were identified as different virus strains of the same species as PdV1 belonging to the genus Victorivirus.The research provides more biocontrol virus resources for the study of the interaction mechanism between mycovirus and the host fungi, and the green prevention and control of the citrus green mold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of optical communication technology and photonic integrated circuits, non-reciprocal devices have been widely studied and applied as an important part of optical communication systems. Magneto-optical isolators and circulators based on magneto-optical effect are currently the most widely used non-reciprocal devices. In order to integrate nonreciprocal devices into silicon wafers, magneto-optical thin films with comparable performance to bulk magneto-optical materials need to be prepared. In the near-infrared band (1 550 nm), rare earth iron garnet (RIG) represented by yttrium iron garnets (Y3Fe5O12, YIG) has excellent magneto-optical effects and become one of the most promising magneto-optical materials. It is found that doping with rare earth ions can effectively improve the magneto-optical properties of YIG thin films, especially Bi3+ and Ce3+ doped YIG exhibit giant Faraday effect. In this paper, the Faraday effect principle is briefly introduced, three common growth methods of RIG magneto-optical thin films and their research progress in recent years are reviewed, and the application of RIG magneto-optical thin films in optical isolators and circulators are summarized. Finally, the future development trend of magneto-optical films is prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To observe the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) pre filled reduced glutathione (GSH) on myocardial injury indexes and inflammatory factor indexes in patients with heart valve replacement. 180 patients with heart valve replacement who were treated in our hospital from October 2020 to October 2021 were selected. They were divided into control group and study group by random number table method, all of which were 90 cases. Patients in the study group were pre charged with 1200 mg GSH with CPB, and patients in the control group were pre charged with the same amount of sodium chloride injection. The changes of perioperative indexes, myocardial injury indexes [creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), troponin I (cTN I ), myoglobin (Mb)] and inflammatory factor indexes [tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6)] were observed in two groups, and the complications of the two groups were recorded. The intraoperative transit time, ventilator use time, ICU retention time and postoperative dopamine use days in the study group were shorter than those in the control group, and the total amount of postoperative dopamine use was less than that in the control group (P<0.05). At 2 h, 12 h and 24 h after aortic opening, the levels of CK, LDH, cTN I and Mb in the two groups increased and then decreased (P<0.05), and the levels of CK, LDH, cTN I and Mb in the study group were lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). At 2 h, 12 h and 24 h after aortic opening, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the study group increased and then decreased ( P<0.05), and the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in study group were lower than those in control group (P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the study group was lower than that in the control group ( P<0.05). CPB precharging GSH can reduce myocardial injury in patients undergoing heart valve replacement, effectively control inflammatory reaction, reduce the incidence of complications, shorten the use time of ventilator, intraoperative transit time, ICU retention time, postoperative dopamine use days, and reduce the total use of dopamine after operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two isomeric phenanthro [9, 10-d] imidazole-phenol derivatives (PI ⁃o⁃OH and PI ⁃m⁃OH) were synthesized by the reaction of isomeric 2-aminophenyl and 3-aminophenyl phenanthro [9, 10-d] imidazole and 5-nitro salicylaldehyde. In the aqueous medium (V (DMF) ∶ V (HEPES) = 1∶1, pH = 7. 4), fluorescent intensities for two isomers were observed and the fluorescence was quenched by the addition of Fe3+ with the quenching ratio of 1/3 and 1/6. The quenching effects are not disturbed by other metal ions and pH value with the quenching constants Ksv of 4. 8×10³ L/mol and 4. 6×10³ L/mol, respectively. Specially, PI⁃m⁃OH has the ability to respond to Fe3+ within 2 min, which is much quicker than that of PI-o-OH. Furthermore, the coordination constant Kass between PI-m-OH and Fe3+ is 3. 82×104 L/mol and higher than that of PI-o-OH, which means that PI-m-OH has better stabilities of coordination with Fe3+. The complexation ratio between two compounds and Fe3+ is determined by HRMS and Job's curves, based on which the structures for PI-m-OH-Fe3+ and PI-o-OH-Fe3+ are proposed. Besides, both isomeric probes could quantitatively detect the concentration of Fe3+ in real water sample by the fluorescence method, indicating that they have potential application in analyzing Fe3+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rocky resertification in Guangxi is widely distributed and becomes one of the serious ecological problems. The Hg pollution in some rocky desertification areas is more prominent. In order to understand the influence of rocky desertification degree on speciation and mobility of heavy metal mercury, different rocky desertification soils(potential rocky desertification, light rocky desertification, medium rocky desertification and severe rocky desertification) with high mercury background value were collected in Huanjiang of Guangxi. The mercury speciation was analyzed by three-step continuous extraction method recommended by Environmental Protection Agency(The mercury was divided into moving dynamic, semi-dynamic and non-moving dynamics). The relationship between mercury content and soil properties of different components in soil, and the mobility and transformation law of mercury in soils of different rocky desertification grades were discussed. The results showed that the content of mercury in high background rocky desertification soil ranged from 0. 3 to 4. 5 mg/ kg, with an average of 3. 46 mg/ kg. The main form of mercury was half migration, accounting to 69%-80% of the total mercury content, with an average of 75. 3%. The pH, cation exchange capacity, organic matter and mobile mercury were negatively correlated, while the total iron, total manganese, total aluminum, free iron oxide and free manganese oxide were positively correlated. The degree of rocky desertification promoted the increase of total mercury concentration, but also promoted the transformation of soil mercury form to mobile mercury, and the mobility of soil mercury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean protein is one of the major plant-derived protein resources due to its high yield and a wide range of processing applications. It is necessary to effectively improve processing properties of soybean protein, and thereby significantly enhance its nutritional value and economic potency. Most previous research mainly focused on the effects of external physical or chemical conditions and other complex system on the processing parameters of soybean protein. Few studies developed to explore the effect of various subunits compositions on the processing properties of soybean protein, particularly lacking on the deficiency of small subunit. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of α and α′ subunits in β-conglycinin on emulsifying properties of soybean protein. In the experiment, some raw materials include Dongnong 47 and three different protein subunit-deficiency (α subunit-deficiency, α′ subunit-deficiency and α′, α subunit-deficiency) soybeans, to extract the soy protein isolates (SPI), by using the method of alkali solution acid precipitation for the preparation of emulsion. The subunit composition was then analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfonate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Some parameters, including emulsifying activity index (EAI), ζ-potential, particle size, microstructure, turbiscan stability index (TSI), and interface adsorbed protein, were selected to evaluate the effect of α and α′ subunits in β-conglycinin (7S) on emulsifying properties of soy protein isolate. The results showed that the soy protein isolate emulsion of α′ subunit-deficiency has the highest emulsifying activity index (87.59 m²/g), the maximum ζ-potential absolute (47.7 mV), the minimum particle size (2.223 μm), the smallest molecules and most evenly distributed through the analysis of microstructure, the smallest turbiscan stability index (TSI), and the maximum content of interface adsorbed protein (31.40%), compared with other two SPI. The emulsion stability of soy protein isolate ranked in order: α′ subunit-deficiency, Dongnong 47, α subunit-deficiency, α and α′ subunit-deficiency. Safe and risk-free high-emulsifying products become an urgent demand because nutritious and healthy food has received increasing attention with the gradual improvement of people's living standard and the country's attention to the big health industry in recent years. Soy protein isolate, as a sort of amphiphilic structure, is commonly used in industrial production due to its high nutritional value and many functional characteristics. Therefore, emulsions can be served as cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications, as well in several food products, such as ice cream and mayonnaise with its different types. Since emulsions are an unstable system forming by water, oil, and emulsifiers, the instability of emulsion layer may reduce the shelf life of emulsion products. It was found that the addition of SPI with emulsifying properties can stabilize the emulsion in this study. The studies demonstrated that the α′ subunit-deficiency SPI obtained through breeding with Chinese genetic background can pose a great positive impact on the emulsifying properties of soybean protein, and thereby to effectively improve the quality characteristics of soybean protein isolate series products. This finding can also provide a theoretical and technical support for the development and application of high-emulsifying soybean protein series products. This study can offer a promising potential for intensive processing and cost-saving downstream processing, and thereby to meet the industry demands of “specific products, special varieties” in the national soybean industrial technology R&D system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic signal management and control directly affect the efficiency of traffic network. The NS-BML model is widely used in the simulation of traffic signal control system. For the problem of the current NS-BML model only considers the present instantaneous density but neglects the history density, this paper proposed the memory density strategy. This strategy analyzed the influence of the proposed strategy to the efficiency of Manhattan network from two perspectives, the long memory density strategy and the short memory density strategy. It used time-discretization obtained the optimal proportion factor of the shortterm memory density. The simulation results show that the efficiency of the system can be improved effectively by using the proposed short memory density strategy. At the same time, it guarantees the efficiency of computer processing. The average speed and the rate of arrival of the system a re increased by 8.51 % and 9.28 % respectively, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]