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Objective To improve the biological dose estimation capability in responding to nuclear and radiation emergencies by analyzing the results and deviation causes from a provincial CDC's laboratory participating in the national biological dose estimation capability assessment. Methods The data of a provincial center for disease control and prevention's radiological biology laboratory participating in the national biological dose estimation capability assessment from 2017 to 2022 were retrospectively collected. The number of cells analyzed for chromosomal aberrations, the rate of dicentric (dic) and ring (r) chromosome aberrations, and the rate of dic +r aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of each sample were sorted out. The relative deviation between the estimated value and the irradiation dose of the assessed samples was analyzed. From 2017 to 2021, the dose was estimated using the dose-response curve in GB/T 28236-2011. In 2022, the dose was estimated using the dose-response curve established by the provincial CDC itself. Results All 12 biological dose assessment samples from 2017 to 2022 were 100% qualified, with relative deviations all ≤ 20%, among which 4 samples had relative deviations ≤ 5%, accounting for 33.3%. The estimated doses of 8 samples were lower than the actual irradiation dose, accounting for 66.7%. The average dose estimated by the dose -response curve of the laboratory was (2.16 ± 1.26) Gy, while the average dose estimated by the dose-response curve recommended in GB/T 28236-2011 was (2.15 ± 1.26) Gy, and there was no statistically significant difference between these two standard curves (P > 0.05). Conclusions The quality of chromosome specimen preparation and the experience of technical personnel are two important factors affecting the quality of biological dose estimation. Improving the quality of chromosome specimen preparation and strengthening the ability of laboratory technicians to identify chromosomal aberration indicators can improve the accuracy of biological dose estimation for personnel in nuclear and radiation emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Technology is the property of Emerald Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of West China Journal of Stomatology is the property of Sichuan University, West China College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Planning Education & Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Water Conservancy & Electric Power Technology & Application is the property of Omniscient Pte. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bias is a key issue in expert and public discussions about Artificial Intelligence (AI). While some hope that AI will help to eliminate human bias, others are concerned that AI will exacerbate it. To highlight political and power aspects of bias in AI, this contribution examines so far largely overlooked topic of framing of bias in AI policy. Among diverse approaches of diagnosing problems and suggesting prescriptions, we can distinguish two stylized framings of bias in AI policy—one more technical, another more social. Powerful technical framing suggests that AI can be a solution to human bias and can help to detect and eliminate it. It is challenged by an alternative social framing, which emphasizes the importance of social contexts, balance of power and structural inequalities. Technological frame sees simple technological fix as a way to deal with bias in AI. For the social frame, we suggest to approach bias in AI as a complex wicked problem, for which a broader strategy is needed involving diverse stakeholders and actions. The social framing of bias in AI considerably expands the legitimate understanding of bias and the scope of potential actions beyond technological fix. We argue that, in the context of AI policy, intersectional bias should not be perceived as a niche issue but rather be seen as a key to radically reimagine AI governance, power and politics in more participatory and inclusive ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Guangdong University of Technology is the property of Journal of Guangdong University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Especially following the 2000 and the 2016 presidential elections, some authors have denounced the legitimacy of the Electoral College as a presidential selection method. It is alleged that the college is not representative of the electorate as a whole and tends to favor one specific political party. In this article, we compare the popular vote with the composition of the Electoral College for every presidential contest since 1876 (n = 37 elections). We confirm that the college is indeed disproportional as it provides a major bonus to the winning candidate. Although this disproportionality has become slightly stronger during the 1876–2020 period, it does not specifically benefit one political party. Measured at the level of the states, there is no substantial increase in bias with regard to geographic representation. However, to the extent that electoral races become tighter, as was the case in the last quarter of the 19th century, the risk that results fall within a margin of statistical error becomes larger. This suggests that the current controversy finds its source less in the electoral rules and more in the situational and highly competitive balance of party competition. Related Articles: Ardoin, Phillip J., and Bryan M. Parsons. 2007. "Partisan Bias in the Electoral College: Cheap States and Wasted Votes." Politics & Policy 35(2): 342–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2007.00063.x. Crow, Deserai, and Laura Wolton. 2020. "Talking Policy in Congressional Campaigns: Construction of Policy Narratives in Electoral Politics." Politics & Policy 48(4): 658–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12369. McKenzie, Mark. 2009. "Attitudes toward Electoral College Reform: Understanding Opinion Formation on Complicated Public Policy Issues." Politics & Policy 37(2): 265–88. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00172.x. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This applied in both countries and for all SQTs, except the bean method, suggesting that, except for the bean method, SQTs outperformed direct questions when a socially undesirable response was required (Appendix S3). Keywords: bean method; bias; crosswise model; direct questions; randomized response techniques; rule breaking; sensitivity; unmatched count technique; método bean; modelo transversal; preguntas directas; rompimiento de reglas; sensibilidad; sesgo; técnica de conteo sin par; técnicas de respuesta aleatoria; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; EN bean method bias crosswise model direct questions randomized response techniques rule breaking sensitivity unmatched count technique método bean modelo transversal preguntas directas rompimiento de reglas sensibilidad sesgo técnica de conteo sin par técnicas de respuesta aleatoria 1 15 15 10/04/22 20221001 NES 221001 INTRODUCTION Theories, frameworks, and tools from the social sciences are increasingly integrated into conservation research and practice (Bennett et al., 2017). Developed by social scientists to overcome these biases, specialized questioning techniques (SQTs) are being increasingly applied in conservation to investigate illegal behaviors (Hinsley et al., 2018; Ibbett et al., 2021). One might thus infer that UCT is superior to other SQTs tested; however, pairwise comparisons showed that UCT was not better understood than other SQTs (excluding crosswise model). [Extracted from the article]

Due to the numerous but scattered studies on the bias of recommendation systems and few relevant research reviews, according to the subject that causes the bias, this paper divides bias into the bias in user behavior, the bias in item display, and the bias in recommendation algorithm, and then subdivides it into nine specific categories, such as selection bias and conformity bias, and gives the definition and causes of each bias; This paper focuses on sorting out the research on correlation recommendation methods and causal recommendation methods to solve the bias problem, and further classifies them according to the technical means or the first, middle and last three stages of the training model, and analyzes the differences between different types of research; This paper summarizes common datasets and reviewers of bias studies and forecasts the development trend of bias-oriented recommendation methods from different categories, and hopes to provide some help for the follow-up bias research in recommender system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

when the energy metering mode is about to be implemented, the performance evaluation of the on-line gas chromatograph installed on the site of the natural gas metering station is carried out according to the performance evaluation of natural gas analysis system (GB / T 28766--2018) (ISO 10723:2012), which can obtain the evaluation results of the evaluation results of the accuracy of the instrument detection composition data and ensure the accuracy of trade settlement data. On the basis of fitting the response function of natural gas analysis system with generalized least squares (GLS) algorithm, this paper compares the evaluation results of two chromatographs, and investigates the relationship between the deviation of instrument regression function and the deviation of high volume calorific value. The comparison results show that when the component function deviation of the main components in natural gas is large, the corresponding calorific value deviation will exceed the range specified in the standard. Therefore, under the condition of energy measurement, it is very necessary to carry out performance evaluation of gas chromatograph regularly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Geodesy & Geodynamics (1671-5942) is the property of Editorial Board Journal of Geodesy & Geodynamics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bearing is the property of Bearing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tunnel Construction / Suidao Jianshe (Zhong-Yingwen Ban) is the property of Tunnel Construction Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Japanese Sociological Review / Shakaigaku Hyoron is the property of Japan Sociological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Recent extinctions often resulted from humans retaliating against wildlife that threatened people's interests or were perceived to threaten current or future interests. Today's subfield of human‐wildlife conflict and coexistence (HWCC) grew out of an original anthropocentric concern with such real or perceived threats and then, starting in the mid‐1990s, with protecting valued species from people. Recent work in ethics and law has shifted priorities toward coexistence between people and wild animals. To spur scientific progress and more effective practice, we examined 4 widespread assumptions about HWCC that need to be tested rigorously: scientists are neutral and objective about HWCC; current participatory, consensus‐based decisions provide just and fair means to overcome challenges in HWCC; wildlife threats to human interests are getting worse; and wildlife damage to human interests is additive to other sources of damage. The first 2 assumptions are clearly testable, but if they are entangled can become a wicked problem and may need debunking as myths if they cannot be disentangled. Some assumptions have seldom or never been tested and those that have been tested appear dubious, yet the use of the assumptions continues in the practice and scholarship of HWCC. We call for tests of assumptions and debunking of myths in the scholarship of HWCC. Adherence to the principles of scientific integrity and application of standards of evidence can help advance our call. We also call for practitioners and interest groups to improve the constitutive process prior to decision making about wildlife. We predict these steps will hasten scientific progress toward evidence‐based interventions and improve the fairness, ethics, and legality of coexistence strategies. Article impact statement: Progress in the scholarship and practice of human‐wildlife conflict and coexistence requires rigorous tests of four fundamental assumptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The calorific value of natural gas is one of the main basic parameters for calculating energy value, which directly affects the accuracy and reliability of energy measurement. At present, it is the most commonly used detection method to analyze the composition of natural gas by gas chromatography, and then calculate the calorific value of natural gas through the composition data, and the accurate analysis of heavy hydrocarbon component ( C6 ) is the key factor affecting the calculation results of calorific value. This paper summarizes several quantitative methods commonly used to analyze C6 composition. By analyzing actual natural gas samples, the effects of different quantitative methods of C6 composition on superior calorific value are discussed and compared. The results show that different quantitative methods have obvious influence on the calculation of calorific value with the increase of C6, content in natural gas. when the C6 content in natural gas is greater than 0. 1 % ' the maximum deviation of superior calorific value obtained by different quamtitative methods can reach 0. 24%. Asuggestion is put forward to choose the quarntitative method of c6+ composition for natural gas with high heavy hydrocarbon content. The conclusion is of reference significance for the future implementation of natural gas energy measurement in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bearing is the property of Bearing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Telecommunications Science is the property of Beijing Xintong Media Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The second Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) was onboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-20 satellite when launched on 18 November 2017. Using nearly six months of the earliest NOAA-20 observations, the biases of the ATMS instrument were compared between NOAA-20 and the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite. The biases of ATMS channels 8 to 13 were estimated from the differences between antenna temperature observations and model simulations generated from Meteorological Operational (MetOp)-A and MetOp-B satellites' Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) temperature and water vapor profiles. It was found that the ATMS onboard the NOAA-20 satellite has generally larger cold biases in the brightness temperature measurements at channels 8 to 13 and small standard deviations. The observations from ATMS on both S-NPP and NOAA-20 are shown to demonstrate an ability to capture a less than 1-h temporal evolution of Hurricane Florence (2018) due to the fact that the S-NPP orbits closely follow those of NOAA-20. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Taiwanese Journal of Political Science is the property of NTU Press & National Taiwan University, Department of Political Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of China Medical University is the property of Journal of China Medical University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Losing data is a common problem of IIOV. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposed a kind of new approach of losing data evaluation for IIOV which was named tensor low-rank approximation( VBPCA) based on the extracting the common traffic pattern and comparing the function estimation & tensor decomposition. The approach could get the traffic patterns under the cases of losing data and the expression of low-rank. In the experiments to test the approach, this paper selected about 1000 road segments to do the analysis. The results show that this approach has good performance on evaluation accuracy, the bias of the data set, so it is very useful for the application of intelligent internet of vehicle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of West China Journal of Stomatology is the property of Sichuan University, West China College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy & Power / Reneng Dongli Gongcheng is the property of Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy & Power and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to improve the accuracy of face recognition and better display facial features,we propose the combination of LRC and CRC deviation based on mirror image for face recognition.First,the proposed method generates mirror images,then by merging the original face image and the mirror image to form a new mixed training sample.Finally,face recognition is performed by using LRC and CRC deviation.The new method increases the number of training samples,and overcomes the problem of variability from pose and illumination of the original face images.The experimental results show that the LRC and CRC deviation combined method significantly improves the accuracy of face recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tropical Pacific has begun to experience a new type of El Niño, which has occurred particularly frequently during the last decade, referred to as the central Pacific (CP) El Niño. Various coupled models with different degrees of complexity have been used to make real-time El Niño predictions, but high uncertainty still exists in their forecasts. It remains unknown as to how much of this uncertainty is specifically related to the new CP-type El Niño and how much is common to both this type and the conventional Eastern Pacific (EP)-type El Niño. In this study, the deterministic performance of an El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) ensemble prediction system is examined for the two types of El Niño. Ensemble hindcasts are run for the nine EP El Niño events and twelve CP El Niño events that have occurred since 1950. The results show that (1) the skill scores for the EP events are significantly better than those for the CP events, at all lead times; (2) the systematic forecast biases come mostly from the prediction of the CP events; and (3) the systematic error is characterized by an overly warm eastern Pacific during the spring season, indicating a stronger spring prediction barrier for the CP El Niño. Further improvements to coupled atmosphere-ocean models in terms of CP El Niño prediction should be recognized as a key and high-priority task for the climate prediction community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well known that ridge estimation is better than least squares estimation for ill posed problems , however the least squares estimation is unbiased compare to ridge estimation which is biased. Actually, ridge estimation reduces the variance by introducing bias so as to improve the MSE (mean square error). Therefore, ridge estimation is better than least squares estimation in term of MSE. Since the MSE is composed of variance and bias, the performance of the ridge estimation can be shown clearly through computing the variance and bias. Through analyzing the changes of variance and bias of ridge estimation, we know that ridge estimation correct the singular values of the ill posed matrix to reduce the variance and introduce the bias. When the reduced variance is much more than the introduced bias, the MSE can he reduced. However, ridge estimation correct all the singular values in the ill-conditioned matrix. Correcting the big singular values cannot reduce the variance of the estimation effectively hut introduce much bias into the estimation. In view of this, improved ridge estimation is proposed in this paper to constrain the correction of the singular values. The new ridge estimation only correct the small singular values which are determined by comparing the variance reduction with bias introduction of singular value correction. Theoretical analysis clearly shows the feasibility of the improved ridge estimation. The experiment on the basis of the Fredholm integral equation of the first kind is carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new ridge estimation. The results show that the improved ridge estimation performs much better than ridge estimation in stability and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective There is always deviation between actual and planned trajectory of stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) electrodes implantation. To understand the regularity of this kind of deviation, On the basis of the traditional deviation statistics, we propose the deviation statistics and description method based on space vector. To analyze statistics deviations of SEEG electrodes CT trajectories and planned trajectories and to find deviation distribution. Method The clinical presurgical evaluation and implantation data of 8 patients who were performed SEEG electrodes implantation were analyzed retrospectively. We define and use the deviation vectors to describe the deviation of entry points, target points and angulation between CT trajectory and planned trajectory, and use three views to describe the regularity of deviation. Results The entry point deviation vectors` length, the target point deviation vectors` length and angulation deviation between CT and planned trajectory are positively related to skull thickness. Three views describe regularity of deviation vectors obviously. The thicker the skull is, the greater the target deviation, CT and planned path angulation deviation will be. The positions of actual target points are shallower than the position of planned target points. The positions of actual entry points are rearward than the position of planned entry points. The entry points deviation change with the shape of skull. Conclusion Using deviation vectors and three views display deviation vectors can be more complete and accurate describe the regularity of deviation, and thus help to improve the planning and implementation of the electrodes implantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The precipitation method sampling procedure of 14C dating of groundwater recommended by IAEA is suffering from atmospheric CO2 pollution. As a result, the dating results tend to be much younger. After analyzing the possible sources of atmospheric CO2 pollution and related influencing factors, a state-of-the-art precipitation method sampling procedure of 14C dating of groundwater was developed to reduce the atmospheric CO2 pollution. This sampling procedure not only integrates various CO2 pollution controlling techniques, but also enjoys easy operation. A specially-designed sample bottle links the field sampling operation and the sample preparing operation effectively. After adopting the new procedure, the negative deviations of the dating results obtained by using benzene-synthesis-liquid-scintillation spectrometer (for the dating results below the upper limit of 50 000 years) are negligible. By comparing the previously-obtained 14C dating results of ancient groundwater with the results obtained by adopting the new sampling procedure in Hebei Plain, the former exists significant negative deviations. For the groundwater with 14C apparent age of approximately 47×103 years, the dating results tend to be more than 20×103 years younger. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct new evaluations for the formerly-obtained 14C dating results of ancient groundwater and the research conclusions based on the dating results. The new precipitation method sampling procedure of 14C dating of groundwater makes researchers attach importance to the traditional radioactivity measurement method again. Because the sampling quantity is a thousand times more than accelerator mass-spectrometry, it is easier to control the atmospheric CO2 pollution during sample preparation, and the 14C dating results of ancient groundwater are more reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]