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建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）测定植物油中4种杂环胺(MeIQx、4，8-DiMeIQx、7,8-DiMeIQx、PhIP)的分析方法。样品经含1%氨水乙腈提取、乙腈饱和的正己烷脱脂后，利用PCX固相萃取柱进行净化。净化后的样品采用乙腈和10 mmol/L甲酸铵溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱，在正离子模式下以电喷雾电离串联质谱对杂环胺的定量离子和定性离子进行监测，并利用内标法进行定量。结果表明：4种杂环胺在0.5~100.0 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好，相关系数均大于0.99，方法检出限为0.01~0.04 μg/kg，定量限为0.03~0.13 μg/kg；在1.0、5.0、10.0 μg/kg的加标水平下，杂环胺的平均回收率在64.5%~96.5%之间，相对标准偏差在2.83%~8.52%之间。本方法快速、准确、灵敏，可应用于植物油中4种杂环胺的同时检测。 A method for determination of four heterocyclic aromatic amines(MeIQx, PhIP, 4,8-DiMeIQx and 7,8-DiMeIQx) in vegetables oils by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was established. The samples were extracted by acetonitrile containing 1% ammonium hydroxide, defatted by n-hexane saturated by acetonitrile, followed by the purification with PCX solid phase extraction column. Then the heterocyclic aromatic amines in the extracts were separated by a gradient elution of acetonitrile and 10 mmol/L ammonium formate aqueous solution, then quantitative and qualitative ion of heterocyclic aromatic amines were monitored by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in positive ion mode, and quantified by internal standard method. The results showed that all of the analytes showed good linearity in the range of 05-1000 ng/mL and the correlation coefficients (r2) were all above 0.99. The limits of detection for heterocyclic aromatic amines were 0.01-0.04 μg/kg, and the limits of quantification were 0.03-0.13 μg/kg. The average recoveries of heterocyclic aromatic amines at spiked levels of 1.0, 5.0, 10.0 μg/kg ranged from 64.5% to 96.5%, with the relative standard deviations of 2.83%-8.52%. The method is rapid, accurate and sensitive, and is suitable for the determination of four heterocyclic aromatic amines in vegetable oils.

强震下结构会进入弹塑性,现行规范给出的层剪力分布无法反映结构非弹性状态下的响应。基于性态的抗震设计方法需要预知结构弹塑性状态下的层剪力分布。介绍了现有的层剪力分布模式;给出了6个V形偏心支撑钢框架(VEBF)算例的基本信息及所选近场地震动记录;对6个算例结构进行了近场罕遇地震下的弹塑性时程分析,得到了各结构的层剪力分布;提出了近场罕遇地震下VEBF结构弹塑性层剪力分布模式;与时程分析结果对比表明所提出的模式有较好的精度,可为基于性态的抗震设计方法提供参考。

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Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. At present,the treatment methods for HCC mainly include surgical treatment,local regional treatment,radiotherapy,systematic treatment,and traditional Chinese medicine treatment. This article introduces the indications for surgical treatment,surgical procedures,and the advantages of postoperative adjuvant therapy,analyzes the indications for liver transplantation and its future application in clinical practice,and describes the basic principles,optimal indications,and technical advantages of mature and new ablation techniques at present. It is pointed out that for patients with early-stage HCC,the advantages and shortcomings of each treatment regimen should be fully understood to select a precise treatment regimen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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At present, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is recognized as an important risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the world; however, during the development and progression of hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, and liver cancer, other factors may promote the development of HCC independently or synergistically with HBV, such as sex, age, family history, alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase, smoking and drinking history, metabolic syndrome, and HCV or HIV infection. This article reviews the research advances in the risk factors associated with HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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建立了一种测定酒石酸中痕量阴离子的离子色谱柱切换技术分析方法.使用Dionex IonPac ICE-AS6离子排斥柱将所需分析的痕量离子从酒石酸溶液中分离出来,再将被分离组分通过Dionex IonPac AG23(4 mm×50 mm)离子交换浓缩柱进行浓缩,最后将浓缩柱的组分通过Dionex IonPac AG22(4 mm×50 mm)和Dionex IonPac AS22(4 mm×250 mm)色谱柱进行分离,抑制型电导器进行检测.方法所得回收率在88.7%~114.1%,且具有较好的重现性和较低的检出限,根据3：1的信噪比3种离子的检测限分别达到9.692、31.275、1.762 µg • L-1,线性良好,范围从检测限到1 000 mg• L-1.本文方法可以应用于其它有机酸中痕量无机阴离子的检测.