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Проведен анализ литературных и собственных данных по исследованию механизмов физиологического действия озона на эритроцитарное звено системы крови. Обсуждается влияние озона на кислородсвязывающую функцию крови и ее прооксидантно-антиоксидантый баланс. Данный эффект этого газа в условиях изменения активности системы газотрансмиттеров (монооксида азота и сероводорода) и разных значений парциального давления кислорода и углекислого газа проявляется разным образом. Противогипоксическое действие озона осуществляется за счет стимуляции наработки газотрансмиттеров (NO и H2S), реализующих свое влияние в том числе и через формирование сродства гемоглобина к кислороду, что обосновывает его использование в качестве средства, улучшающего адаптационные и антигипоксические возможности организма.

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В статье анализируется проблематика «крови» в истории человеческого общества, в процессе его цивилизационного развития. Показывается символическая роль крови в утверждении социального порядка на различных этапах социально-культурного развития. Автор статьи использует для этих целей разнообразный материал — от первобытнообщинного строя до современности. Он, в частности, обращается к обычаю кровной мести. Особое внимание уделено борьбе с данным обычаем в рамках европейской цивилизации — в плане культурно-цивилизационных процессов, происходивших в этом регионе. Автор статьи обращается к материалу древнегреческой истории (утверждение примата закона в рамках полиса), а также к средневековому Западу. В представленной статье рассматривается тема крови в различных религиозных и социальных ритуалах (инициации, свадебные обряды и т. д.). Выделяются основные этапы символического понимания крови в истории (кровь как носитель души, т. н. «общества кровавости», расовая теория). Автор данной статьи исследует символическое значение крови в карательных практиках европейских стран средневековья и эпохи абсолютизма. Особо анализируется переход от «обществ кровавости» (М. Фуко) к современному западному обществу. Показывается закономерность кровавого террора Великой французской революции в этом процессе. В представленной статье уделено внимание и «мифам крови» XIX–XX веков, связанных с идеологией расизма. Данная идеология, пусть и в превращенной форме, продолжает играть свою роль и в современном мире. Речь, в первую очередь, идет о претензиях представителей англо-саксонского мира на собственную «исключительность». Таким образом, рассматриваемая в статье проблематика обнаруживает свою актуальность.

Copyright of Slavica Wratislaviensia is the property of Wroclaw University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the condition of modern radiation hazardous production, higher levels of personnel internal exposure are mainly due to the intake of radionuclides in situations caused by faulty equipment or wrong actions of personnel which can or do result in the exposure that exceeds established standards. In such cases, to determine the intake and committed effective dose, daily amount of urine and/or feces is collected followed by the preparation of loads and their subsequent measurements. For a total, it takes three to eight days to obtain the result depending on the method of measurement used. In case of acute intake of plutonium, it is important to estimate the levels of the nuclide intake as soon as possible in order to decide on treatment strategy and dose reduction. To achieve the above goal, the Southern Urals Biophysics Institute has developed a technique for measuring the plutonium-239 activity in blood using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer as in the first hours and 24 hours after intake (through inhalation or damaged skin) the radionuclide concentration in blood is at its maximum level. Also a method has been developed to measure plutonium in urine aliquot using mass-spectrometry to perform special individual dosimetry monitoring that requires almost no sample preparation which allows to estimate the intake within a few hours. It is shown that, depending on the route of intake and chemical form of plutonium compounds entered, the measurement of plutonium activity in blood and urine aliquot performed by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer method allows to determine from 0.1 to 47% of intake limit within the first 24 hours after an accident. The analysis of a blood sample takes one to one-and-a-half workdays against a week required to analyze a urine sample using alpha-spectrometry. The application of the developed methodology, apart from the goal of individual dosimetry monitoring, will provide new information on the effects of chelation therapy on the plutonium behavior in the human body.

The objective: to assess the state of oxygen-dependent blood processes in patients with Beck's sarcoidosis.Subjects and Methods. Parameters of blood oxygen transport function and free radical lipid oxidation, as well as the content of nitrogen monoxide and hydrogen sulfide gas transmitters were assessed in the blood of 75 patients (41 women; 34 men) with Beck's sarcoidosis, stage 2 (the pulmonary mediastinal form).Results. In the pulmonary mediastinal form of sarcoidosis versus healthy individuals, there was a decrease in the degree of blood oxygen saturation from 65.4 (60.6; 67.8) to 41.50 (36.0; 49.8), p < 0.05, %, partial oxygen pressure from 40.0 (38.0; 47.0) to 23.0 (18.3; 29.0) mmHg, p < 0.05, and blood pH increased. A decrease in the index of hemoglobin affinity to oxygen p50real (26.80 (24.70; 31.40), p < 0.05, versus healthy individuals 28.2 (27.9; 29.1) mmHg) was revealed. The level of diene conjugates increased in plasma by 86.4% (p < 0.05) and malondialdehyde increased in erythrocytes by 139.2% (p < 0.05), while the following parameters decreased: α-tocopherol (by 42.7 %, p < 0.05), retinol (by 41.9%, p < 0.05), reduced glutathione (by 30.4%, p < 0.05), and ceruloplasmin (by 22.3%, p < 0.05) in plasma. There was an increase in the concentration of nitrogen monoxide (from 15.42 (14.48; 17.71) to 17.09 (7.04; 25.09), mmol/L) and a decrease in hydrogen sulfide (from 29.01 (25.21; 37.03) to 13.08 (8.63; 20.46), mmol/L) in the blood in case of this pathology.Conclusion. There is a deterioration in the blood oxygen-binding properties in patients with Beck's sarcoidosis, stage 2, and as a consequence, tissue needs in oxygen are not adequately provided by blood circulation. There is an increase in the concentration of nitrogen monoxide and a decrease in hydrogen sulfide, which affects the oxygen transport function of blood which may be important for ensuring the processes of oxygen transfer to tissues. In this pathology, activation of lipid peroxidation and a decrease in the level of antioxidant protection factors of blood were revealed which might be important for the genesis of this disease.

The interaction of warm-blooded organisms with the environment is always reflected in the homeostatic equilibrium of metabolic processes. The dynamics of redox processes occurring in the body is primarily reflected in hematological indices. The aim of the investigation was to study reactive changes of morphological and biochemical blood composition in rats against the background of quercetin load. Objectives: to analyze the dynamics of morphological and biochemical composition of animal blood at the background of intragastric loading with quercetin in the form of oil solution during 30 days. The study was performed on 80 white mongrel male rats weighing 190-210 g, which were divided equally into control (intact) and experimental groups. The study of reactive changes in the morphological and biochemical composition of the blood of rats under the influence of quercetin was conducted in the dynamics before the experiment, as well as on 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days of experiment. It was found that against the background of additional loading with oil solution of quercetin in rats there were reactive changes in the morphological composition of the blood, which are reflected in the increased number of red blood cells, concentration of hemoglobin and leucocytes within the physiological norm, as well as changes in the biochemical composition of the blood, expressed in increased concentration of albumin and decreased concentration of albumin fractions in the rats of the experimental group compared with intact animals.

Технологический стресс, возникающий под влиянием факторов, связанных со способами содержания крупного рогатого скота и элементами технологии, оказывает неблагоприятное влияние на здоровье животных и их продуктивность. Разработка методов, повышающих естественную резистентность животных и обладающих адаптогенным действием при стрессе, является актуальной проблемой животноводства и ветеринарной медицины. Целью работы являлось изучение воздействия низкоинтенсивного лазерного излучения на биохимические показатели крови и молочную продуктивность крупного рогатого скота в условиях промышленного комплекса. Материал и методы. Экспериментальные исследования провели на высокопродуктивных коровах черно-пестрой породы. В качестве антистрессового фактора использовали низкоинтенсивное лазерное излучение с длиной волны 830 нм, время воздействия составило 5, 15 минут в область уха и холки. В крови определяли содержание общего белка, глюкозы, мочевины, креатинина, холестерина, активность трансаминаз. Исследуя молочную продуктивность, определяли жирномолочность, белковомолочность, содержание лактозы и сухих веществ в молоке. Результаты. У животных в условиях технологического стресса снижены показатели молочной продуктивности, снижено содержания общего белка, креатинина, мочевины, холестерина, увеличено содержание глюкозы и ферментов переаминирования по сравнению с показателями интактной группы. Использование низкоинтенсивного лазерного излучения в область уха в течение 15 мин и холки в течение 5 минут способствовало нормализации исследуемых биохимических показателей крови у животных. Наилучшие показатели молочной продуктивности получены у коров, на которых воздействовали низкоинтенсивным лазерным излучением в течение 5 минут. Заключение. Результаты эксперимента указывают на то, что изкоинтенсивное лазерное излучение положительно влияет на физиологические резервы организма, что позволяет его использовать для достижения оптимальной продуктивности животных.

Introduction. Lappaconitine is an alkaloid, contained into Aconitum leucostomum Vorosh. roots and herbs. The alkaloid is indicated to arrhythmia. The lappaconitine drugs are metabolized into eight pharmacologically active substances, but N-desacetyllappaconitine is the most effective. Drugs based on a lappaconitine has narrow therapeutic range and many kinds of side effects. Pharmacokinetics of lappaconitine should be more studied for safety medical use of lappaconitine drugs.Aim. The aim of this study is to develop method for the quantitative determination of lappaconitine and its active metabolite N-desacetyllappaconitine in human plasma and blood by high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS).Materials and methods. Determination of lappaconitine and N-desacetyllappaconitine in plasma and blood was carried out by HPLC-MS/MS. The samples were processed by acetonitrile protein precipitation.Results and discussion. This method was validated by next parameters: selectivity, matrix effect, calibration curve, accuracy, precision, spike recovery, lower limit of quantification, carry-over effect and stability.Conclusion. The method of the quantitative determination of lappaconitine and N-desacetyllappaconitine in human plasma and blood was developed and validated by HPLC-MS/MS. The analytical range of the was 0.50-50.00 ng/ml for lappaconitine and 0.50-100.00 ng/ml for N-desacetyllappaconitine in biological matrix. Method could be applied to determination of lappaconitine and N-desacetyllappaconitine for PK studies.

Background. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, characterized by erosive arthritis (synovitis) and systemic inflammation. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (JAKi) are small molecules that block major signal pathways of many cytokines a growth factors, associated with RA. Identification of patients sensitive to JAKi before treatment could significantly improve therapy outcomes. Currently it is not possible to predict JAKi efficacy in every patient, while some patients are non-responsive to the drug, other develop adverse effects. JAKi effect in RA patients has been recently associated with alterations in mitochondrial function and ATP production. Therefore, we hypothesized that baseline metabolic status of RA patients prior to drug administration can predict the therapeutic outcome.Objective: to investigate the predictive value of baseline expression of genes involved in energy generation in the blood of RA patients, for treatment response to JAKi.Patients and methods. We examined peripheral blood of 28 RA patients aged 52.2±15.6 years, average disease duration 3.5 years (range 0.6–19), treated with Tofacitinib (TOFA, 5–10 mg twice a day) during three months and 26 healthy age-matched control subjects. Clinical response was assessed by disease activity score (DAS28-ESR), immunological status by measurements of serum levels of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), rheumatoid factor (RF), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Gene expression was assessed in peripheral blood cells by realtime reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). At baseline all patients had Steinbrocker radiographic stage II–III. Most patients (85.7%) were ACPA and RF positive. Thirteen patients had medium, others – high RA activity.Results and discussion. JAKi treatment significantly decreased the inflammatory disease activity according to DAS28. At the end of the study 17 patients demonstrated moderate disease activity (3.2

Purpose of the study. Assessment of the effect of hemostatic materials on concentration of calcium of blood.Materials and methods. The following groups of local hemostatic materials were studied: collagen plate (No. 2), hemostatic sponge from medical gelatin (No. 3), oxidized cellulose material (No. 4), experimental samples of hemostatic sponge developed by the team of authors, based on the sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose with various modifications (groups No. 5-8). In the control group (No. 1), only blood of volunteer donors was used, without introducing the test materials. Evaluation of the effect of hemostatic materials on blood calcium concentration was carried out according to the described method: «Method for comparative investigation of the effectiveness of local hemostatic agents in an in vitro experiment» Russian patent No. 2709 517. According to the results of the study, median, 25 and 75 percentiles were calculated. The validity of differences between groups was determined using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test (p

The population of Russia, as well as the population of the developed countries, is steadily aging. Atherosclerosis in elderly patients is most often manifested by acute and severe forms, such as heart attack and stroke. With age, there is an intensification of oxidative processes and a decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Creation of experimental model of dislipoproteinemia followed by skeletal muscle mechanical trauma in rats will allow to reveal the regularities of oxidative homeostasis changes and use the data obtained in therapy of elderly patients with atherosclerosis.Aim of the investigation: to study the dynamics of catalase activity in blood and tissues of aged rats under oxidative stress caused by modeling of dyslipoproteinemia followed by mechanical injury of skeletal muscle.Materials and methods. The investigation was performed on 120 white non-pedigreed healthy male rats aged 24 months (old rats) weighing 230–250 grams. All animals were divided into four groups, 30 rats in each. The animals in the first group were intact rats, to which no treatment was applied. The animals in the second group had a mechanical dissection in the middle third of the hind limb calf muscle. Animals in groups one and two were on a standard vivarium diet and had free access to water and food. The animals of the third and fourth groups were subjected to simulated dyslipoproteinemia for 63 days and received a high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet with an increased fat content up to 30% by weight of dry matter and replacement of drinking water by a 20% fructose solution. After a certain period of time, the animals in the fourth group underwent injuries of the middle third of the hind limb calf muscle.Conclusions. Mechanical trauma combined with dyslipoproteemia in aged rats is characterized by intense oxidative stress and leads to the decrease of activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase in blood and liver tissues.

Исследование биологических особенностей рукокрылых млекопитающих связано с их адаптивными приспособлениями к полету, выявлением их местообитания, возможностями классификации и систематизации. Важное значение рукокрылых принадлежит их экологическому значению в биосистемах и для мониторинга угроз распространения инфекционных болезней. Цель исследования – выявление закономерностей биохимических показателей почек и крови рукокрылых для оценки адаптивных признаков и возможной индикации среды на примере вида нетопырь малый (Pipistrellus pygmaeus) на территории Брянской области. Гематологические и биохимические исследования крови летучих мышей проводились с использованием общепринятых методик. Определялись белковые фракции в сыворотке крови турбидиметрическим методом, рассчитывалось содержание каждой фракции в абсолютных величинах, а также альбумин-глобулиновое соотношение. Проводилась оценка ферментативной активности: активность пероксидазы, сукцинатдегидрогеназы, щелочной фосфатазы, кислой фосфатазы. В исследовании определялись катионные белки, выявлялись активности энзимов. По исследуемым биохимическим показателям рассчитывались основные элементы вариационной статистики. Полученные данные по биохимическому анализу тканей почек и крови нетопыря малого (Pipistrellus pygmaeus) рекомендуется использовать в качестве «биохимических норм», характеризующих стандарт вида, диагностических критериев при оценке иммунологического статуса и состояния рукокрылых под воздействием экзогенных и эндогенных факторов.

In this articles are considered the influences of salts of lead on the organism of animals.In research, have been examined the effect of toxicants on animals by addition with a feed.At poisoning the increase of amount of lipase by 260%, level of enzymes of aminotransferaseby 2,5 times, that it is related with the violation of liver and pancreas activities.It specify to strengthening of cytologic processes, reduced of albumen synthesis and violation of a transport function of metabolism. At feeding the animals with forage additions and with sorbent have been observed a positive improvement of these indexesby 41-58%.

Background: The goal of our study is the comparative analysis of the effect of fluoroquinolones on the chicken leukogram. Materials and methods: In the study we used Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Norfloxacin, Enrofloxacin. For the study we made seven groups, thirty-five chickens in each group. The control set was given pure drinking water throughout the experiment; each of the experimental groups was given water with one of the above-mentioned antibacterial fluoroquinolone drugs, the dosage being 200 mg per liter. The blood samples were collected with cardiac punctures on the first, third, fifth, seventh and ninth days after the withdrawal of the drug. The leukogram contains the total number of leucocytes and the content of separate cell types and their total numbers. Results: The valid changes in the number of pseudoeosinophils do not show clear tendencies, such changes are observed once under the influence of each drug on different days of the research. On the seventh and the ninth days after the drug withdrawal all the fluoroquinolones except Ofloxacin caused lymphopenia. Ciprofloxacin is the only tested drug, the usage of which does not cause valid changes in the number of monocytes. Those groups that receive Enrofloxacin or Ofloxacin have a short period of eosinophilia. Levofloxacin, Enrofloxacin, Ofloxacin cause refractory basophilia. Conclusion: The application of antimicrobial fluoroquinolone drugs in the course of ten days results in changes in the ratio of different kinds of leucocytes in chicken blood, but at the conclusion of the experiment every value in the leukogram returns to physiological standard.

Biobanking is one of the most important elements of the modern infrastructure for biomedical research. Organization of a biobank on the basis of the N. P. Bochkov Medical Genetics Research Center provides a centralized infrastructure for preparing biomaterial for research. Biobank has the format of a research equipment sharing center and works with two types of unique biomaterials from patients with genetic diseases: blood/blood components and vital cells of various tissue origin. The storage facility of the Biobank is equipped with low-temperature (-80° C) and cryostorage (-196° C) systems. Identification and search of samples is carried out using a bar-coding system and is implemented through the information interface of the biobank, which is integrated into the general database of patients at the Medical Genetics Research Center. Information on biomaterial samples is presented in periodically updated catalogs on the page of equipment sharing center “Biobank”. Biobank collection is available to internal and external users.

Background: The mortality of freshwater fish due to stress during various production manipulations is a severe problem, which requires a thorough understanding of the basic mechanisms involved, including the hemostasis system. Therefore, on the application level, the study of blood clotting can perform fish coagulopathies diagnostics and develop practical preventive and therapeutic anticoagulation methods for fish farming. Aim: The goal of this research was a comparative assessment of the reaction of some hemostasis parameters of two commercial fish species, carp Cyprinus carpio and tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, to the stress of different duration induced by corticosteroids. Methods: The fishes were divided into three groups: chronically stressed (induction by betamethasone), acutely stressed (induction by dexamethasone), and control animals with blood taken from the caudal hemal canal before hormone treatment(by dexamethasone and betamethasone), then 7 and 21 days after. Results and Discussion: Changes in the following parameters were studied: thrombin time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, the concentration of fibrinogen, soluble fibrin monomer complexes, antithrombin. It was found that both hormone-induced stress and handling stress associated with blood sampling strongly increased blood clotting ability in carps (prothrombin time decrease by 78,5-86,1%, fibrinogen increase by 12,7-100%, thrombin time decrease by 83,4-85%, and antithrombin III decreases by 15,3-21,7%), while in tilapias, acceleration of blood clotting by intrinsic and extrinsic pathways were recorded by the end of the experiment only in fishes with imitation of chronic stress (prothrombin time decrease by 76,8%, activated partial thromboplastin time decrease by 20,0%, and 2,3 multiplying soluble fibrin monomer complexes). Conclusions: It was concluded that the adaptive mechanisms of the tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) organism allowed the clotting function to recover in most cases by the end of the experiment in all groups of fish, in contrast to carps (Cyprinus carpio). Смертность пресноводных рыб в результате стресса при различных манипуляциях на производстве представляет серьезную проблему, что требует глубокого понимания основных задействованных механизмов, в том числе системы гемостаза. На прикладном уровне проведение исследования свертывания крови имеет потенциал для диагностики коагулопатий рыб и разработки практических профилактических и терапевтических противосвертывающих методов для рыбоводства. Цель: Целью этого исследования была сравнительная оценка реакции некоторых параметров гемостаза двух видов промысловых рыб - карпа Cyprinuscarpio и тиляпии Oreochromisniloticus в условиях экспериментальной модели стресса различной продолжительности, индуцированного кортикостероидами. Методы: Рыбы были подразделены на три группы: рыбы с хроническим стрессом (индукция бетаметазоном), острым стрессом (индукция дексаметазоном) и контрольные животные, кровь у которых брали из хвостового гемального канала до обработки гормонами, и далее через 7 и 21 день после. Результаты и Обсуждение: Было исследовано изменение следующих параметров коагулограммы: тромбиновое время, протромбиновое время, активированное частичное тромбопластиновое время, концентрацию фибриногена, растворимых фибрин-мономерных комплексов, антитромбина. Было установлено, что как индуцированный гормонами стресс, так и хэндлинг-стресс, связанным с забором крови, сильно увеличивают свертывающую способность крови у карпов (сокращение протромбинового времени на 78,5-86,1%, увеличение фибриногена на 12,7-100%, сокращение тромбопластинового времени на 83,4-85% и антитромбинаIIIна 15,3-21,7%), тогда как у тиляпий ускорение свертывания крови по внутреннему и внешнему путям к концу эксперимента было зафиксировано только у рыб с имитацией хронического стресса (снижение протромбинового времени на 76,8%, снижение активированного частичного тромбопластинового времени на 20,0%, увеличение фибрин-мономерных комплексов в 2,3 раза). Заключение: Можно отметить, что адаптивные механизмы организма тиляпий позволили свертывающей функции в большинстве случаев восстановиться к концу эксперимента у всех групп рыб, в отличие от карпов. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of News of Kazakhstan Science / Novosti nauki Kazahstana is the property of NCSTE (JSC National Center for State Scientific and Technical Evaluations) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resume. The objective of this study is to evaluate pharmacokinetic parameters of tritium-labeled cycloprolylglycine [3H] -CPG following intravenous bolus administration of 5.7 μg (2 mCi). [3H] -CPG was prepared by solid-state catalytic isotopic exchange with spillover-tritium. It was found that plasma concentration-time profile of [3H] -CPG is adequately fit by a two-compartment model. The pharmacokinetic parameter estimates revealed rapid а-phase (distribution phase) (T1/2α min) followed by a slower β-phase of elimination (T1/2β 80 min). These findings are consistent with previous results of pharmacokinetic study of CPG as a noopept metabolite. CPG is differ significantly from other therapeutic peptides in pharmacokinetic profile (T1/2 , MRT, etc), which implies that CPG has a more prolonged duration of action.

The purpose of the research: study of Ivermectin pharmacokinetics in horses organism after the application of Equiverm antiparasitic paste. Materials and methods. For studying of pharmacokinetics of Equiverm in blood plasma of five manorial breed horses at the age of 6-7 years, with the weight about 400-450 kg antiparasitic paste was injected orally by syringe dispenser in an amount of 0.2 mg/kg body weight, and then blood sampling from jugular vein was performed in 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 ,9, 24, 48, 96, 144, 288, 456, 624, 720 hours for the following determination of the concentration of Ivermectin in blood plasma of horses by high pressure liquid chromatography with ultra-violet detection using P.K. Sanyal method (1994). Validated method of determination Ivermectin in blood serum of was developed. It allows determining this analyte in extremely low concentrations (LOD value is 0.03 ng/mL, LOQ value is 0.09 ng/mL). Results and discussion. Ivermectin is absorbed in horses digestive tract after oral administration and it reaches defined blood serum concentrations in 1-2 hours after oral administration of antiparasitic paste - 0.2 ng/mL. Maximum concentration of 0.84 ng/mL was registered in 7 hours, and Ivermectin level decreased gradually to 0.2 ng/mL by the fourth day. Therefore, upon oral administration of Equiverm antiparasitic paste ivermectin was absorbed well enough and it enters the systemic circulation where it circulates during 4 days. Only trace amounts of Ivermectin are determined two weeks after drug administration.

We studied the concentration of carnitine and its fractions in peripheral blood in 22 premature infants with fan-associated pneumonia and in 20 conditionally healthy premature infants by tandem mass spectrometry. The birth body weight of children was 2,086.32 ± 117.13 and 2,140.9 ± 74.4 g, gestational age was 33.7 ± 0.41 and 34.16 ± 0.51 weeks, respectively. The concentration of total carnitine was at the lower limit or decreased in 10 (45%) children in the acute period of the disease. 4 newborns with fan-associated pneumonia demonstrated persistent carnitine deficiency: the content of free carnitine was very low: 7.47 – 8, 37 μmol/l (7.97 ± 0.197 μmol/l), the concentration of total carnitine was also reduced (21.55 – 22.01 μmol/l, 21.7 ± 0.366 μmol/l). The fractions of acylcarnitines varied widely throughout the disease. One child had high rates of C18OH (0.282 μmol/l; norm 0–0.110 μmol/l) and C18:1OH (0.282 μmol/l; norm 0–0.180 μmol/l) during the entire neonatal period. It could be associated with mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency. The study of total carnitine and its fractions in premature infants with fan-associated pneumonia allowed us to identify violations of its metabolism, both secondary and hereditary at early stage.

Важность изучения системы гемостаза в общемедицинской практике трудно переоценить, т. к. понимание врачом физиологических основ свертывания крови является необходимым инструментом в оказании помощи пациентам с жизнеугрожающими состояниями. Но как показывает практика, именно этот раздел довольно часто является белым пятном в знаниях врача, что приводит к диагностическим ошибкам, влекущим за собой ошибочную тактику в лечении пациентов с тяжелой соматической патологией.

The first 3–4 months of postnatal ontogenesis of true seals are characterized by the most significant changes in the cellular composition of the blood, which is associated with active processes of formation of bone marrow hematopoiesis and development of cellular defense mechanisms. The level of oxygen reserves in the blood of puppies in the period of their aquatic environment development (in search of food and protection from predators) depends on the functional state of red blood cells. In this regard, it is important to study the morphofunctional properties of red blood cells in seals at different stages of postnatal ontogenesis. For comparison the next age-related groups of grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) have been selected: infants (0–1 week), actively feeding with mother's milk (2–3 weeks), animal after milk feeding (1–1,5 months), pinnipeds after the end of milk nourishment until independent feeding (3–4 months) and adult animals (1,0 and 3,5 years). The blood of all age groups of gray seals is dominated by discocytes, and there are also reversible (echinocytes, stomatocytes) and irreversible (codocytes, schizocytes, spherocytes), immature and young forms of red blood cells. It has been shown that with growing up a structure, sizes and form of erythrocytes change under the influence of physiological factors (changes in chemical composition, ion balance, osmotic pressure of blood plasma). In the first weeks of life pups have an increase in blood of number of large erythrocytes (macrocytosis to 75 %) and spherocytes (to 4 %), there are single nuclear erythrocytes, reticulocytes and irreversible forms of erythrocytes. In the group of fish-eating puppies, the number of echinocytes increases (up to 10 %). The pups of grey seals (3–4 months) are characterized by very low haemoglobin levels of erythrocytes (there has been a decline in optical density). This decrease in oxygen reserves in the blood is associated with starvation of puppies after juvenile molting and their transition to scuba diving (in search of food). Changes in the size and shape of the erythrocytes at different age stages which indicate the physiological and individual characteristics of the puppy seals.

Many patients with osteoarthritis (OA) tend to have comorbidities. This tendency is more frequently observed to increase with age. One of the comorbidities is type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Due to the higher prevalence of coexistence of these two conditions, it has been suggested that T2DM-associated hyperglycemia may adversely affect joint tissues and increase OA severity. However, the molecular mechanisms in the development of DM in patients with OA remain unclear.Objective: to trace the dynamics of T2DM development in patients with OA at the level of the expression of genes associated with glucose metabolism, joint destruction, and general regulation of metabolic processes.Patients and methods. Three patients with OA were followed up for 4—6 years, including the year of onset of T2DM. The clinical condition of the patients was analyzed once a year. Total RNA was annually isolated from their blood and used to determine the level of gene expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results and discussion. The development of T2DM was shown to be accompanied by the increased expression of genes related to glycolysis, Krebs cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, matrix metalloproteinases and regulators of AMPKand mTOR metabolism. By contrast, the level of the hypoxia regulator HIF1a and hexosamine pathway genes was decreased.Conclusion. The occurrence of T2DM in the presence of OA is likely to be associated with the higher needs for cells for ATP energy and is accompanied by activation of the glucose assimilation pathways, as well as by the increased expression of the genes responsible for extracellular matrix destruction. This may be caused by impaired protein glycosylation due to inhibition of the hexosamine pathway.

Active use of medical devices in contact with the blood stream has created the need to articulate the testing requirements of such products [1], various methods of modelling and assessment of potential complications. One of the most important aspects of testing such products is to evaluate their direct impact on blood. To obtain objective results of the study any modeling should be as close as possible to the situation of clinical use and reproduce the characteristics of blood flow. And also take into account the possibility of the use of anticoagulants and introducing in the model additional pharmacological preparations if they can influence the biochemical and physical characteristics of blood and their use is inextricably linked to the use of the product. The present article contains the results of the conducted scientific-research and experimental-design works on creation of the device to simulate the conditions of the blood flow to the preclinical testing of experimental samples of materials and devices intended for implantation in the human body for permanent or prolonged contact with blood

Background. Plague is a dangerous natural-focal bacterial disease that can cause emergencies of interstate significance. In 2014–2016, three bubonic plague cases were registered among local residents in the Republic Altai. This circumstance was the reason for implementation of complex preventive measures. Comprehensive studies of the immune status of humans vaccinated (revaccinated) with live plague vaccine are presented in this paper. These people constantly reside and work at the territory of Gorno-Altai high-mountain natural plague focus. Methodology. The study of the clinical material (blood) from 60 volunteers included the determination of the functional activity of phagocytic cells, the production of IFN-γ, IL-4 and TNF-α cytokines, the titre of specific IgG anti-bodies to the capsular antigen of the plague microbe and the concentrations of the main classes of immunoglobulins in blood serum by enzyme immunoassay, as well as immunophenotyping of blood lymphocytes through flow cytometry and the de-termination of the alleles of HLA class II genes by a polymerase chain reaction. Results. The materials of these studies made it possible to determine a number of important parameters indicative of the cellular and humoral immunity activation in humans immunized against plague. Frequently occurring alleles of the HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DQA1 genes were defined. Possible associations of these alleles with the levels of TNF-α and IL-4 production, as well as with the relative content of T-helpers and CD3-CD16+ cells were revealed. Conclusions. The obtained results indicate the immune reconstruction of the humans immunized against the plague. The immunological efficiency and safety of live plague vaccine were confirmed during the exacerbation of the epidemiological situation in active natural plague focus. Nevertheless, further immunological monitoring is necessary to fully characterize the immunological reactivity of the humans vaccinated (revaccinated) with live plague vaccine, and to improve the strategy for specific plague prevention in natural foci.

This article shows the trends and changes in migration processes in the East Kazakhstan region over the years of independence of Kazakhstan, the intensity, volume and geography of migration flows, and also uses statistical data. The socio-economic prerequisites for the migration flows of the population of the region, their impact on the population, the quality of labor resources and the current conditions in the field of migration, as well as issues in the field of migration policy aimed at stabilizing the demographic situation in the region are presented. Analysis of the modern geography of migration processes in the East Kazakhstan region shows that it corresponds to the historical reality of the 30th anniversary of the independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan, therefore, for the history of the Republic of Kazakhstan at that time, emigration had a negative character. impact on the demographic situation. It is characterized by negative indicators of the dynamics of changes in the balance of migration from 1992 to the present. Since 2016, the negative balance has grown again. This is 4.3 times more than in 2015. The article provides a scientific analysis of migration flows (their scale, intensity, direction, etc.), gender and age of migrants, social and ethnic composition and socio-economic consequences of migration in the region. As a result of the study, a map of ethnic migration of the East Kazakhstan region for 1999-2019 was compiled, reflecting the migration movements of repatriates. Analyzed the political, economic and social factors affecting the demographic situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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To study the role of HHV-6 in the development of eye diseases, 193 patients with various eye diseases were examined. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests DNA of HHV-6 (n = 146) in peripheral blood was detected, using immunoferment analysis markers of chronic (IgG antibodies, n = 142) and active (IgM antibodies, n = 74) HHV-6 infection were detected in blood serum. HHV-6 could be detected in patients with different ophthalmic pathology forms both in the chronic (66.9 %) and the active (43.2 %) form, and DNA of the virus could be found in the blood (20.5 %). A parallel simultaneous study of the blood (n = 40) revealed markers of chronic and/or active infection and DNA of the virus in patients of all nosological groups surveyed (uveitis, corneal ulcers of various etiologies, post-inflammatory cataracts, corneoscleral eye injuries and corneal graft disease). For the first time serological tests (IgG and IgM antibodies) were performed on patients with age-related macular degeneration, where 82.4 % of the patients turned out to be seropositive. The obtained data suggest that HHV-6, along with other viruses generally known to be ophthalmic, may be an etiologic or pathogenetic factor of eye diseases. In this regard, a comprehensive laboratory testing (serological diagnostics and PCR) for HHV-6 should become the object of further targeted study // Russian Ophthalmological Journal, 2016; 1: 73-77.

Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is one of the modern methods for isolating toxicologically signifi cant substances from biological materials, which include narcotic and medicinal substances, as well as their metabolites. Currently, the market has a large number of proposals for SPE cartridges from various manufacturers. The choice of a suitable cartridge for SPE both in terms of qualitative characteristics and price parameters is a topical issue in the course of chemical-toxicological and forensic chemical analysis.The aim of the research is to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of medicinal and narcotic substances’s extraction from blood for widespread mixed-phase cartridges of some brands, which are intended for solid-phase extraction.Materials and methods. The research comparing the effectiveness of extraction was carried out with the use of mixed-phase cartridges for SPE of the following manufacturers: Bond Elut Certify (Varian), Chromabond Drug (Macherey-Nagel), Strata Screen-C (Phenomenex) EVIDEX SampliQ (Aqilent), HyperSep Vеrify-CX (Thermo), Starlab C8/SCX (Starlab Scientifi c Co., Ltd) with the using of gas chromatograph Agilent 7820 equipped with mass selective detector Agilent 5975 (Agilent, USA).Results and discussion. This article presents the data on the comparison of the effectiveness of the extraction of mixed-phase cartridges for SPE from 5 manufacturers (Bond Elut Certify (Varian), Chromabond Drug (Macherey-Nagel), Strata Screen-C (Phenomenex) EVIDEX SampliQ (Aqilent) и HyperSep Vеrify-CX (Thermo)) for the purposes of screening drugs and narcoticsubstances from blood. The cartridges Starlab C8/SCX of the investigated batch had some signs of poor-quality sorbent in the production.Conclusion. Recommendations for using 5 types of cartridges for the procedure of screening narcotic and medicinal substances in blood during the routine practice of forensic chemical departments and chemical-toxicological laboratories are given. Considering the relative cost of cartridges for SPE, in routine practice it is economically viable to use cartridges from brands Strata Screen-C (Phenomenex) and EVIDEX SampliQ (Aqilent).

The dynamics of free radical processes in the blood of mature male Wistar rats were studied by chemiluminescence after a single injection of 131I (114.8 kBq) and 90Sr + 90Y (113.9 kBq). Changes in the course of the physicochemical regulation of the prooxidant-antioxidant ratio in the early stages of the influence of these radionuclides, which were manifested in the imbalance between the level of intensity of the formation of free radicals and the efficiency of their elimination by the antioxidant system, were revealed. The differences in the dynamics of free radical processes in the blood of rats are obviously due to the nuclear-physical and biological characteristics of radionuclides of various tropics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Speckle fields are widely used in optical diagnostics of biotissues and evaluation of the functional state of bioobjects. The speckle field is formed by laser radiation scattered from the object under study. It bears information about the average dimensions of the scatterers, the degree of surface roughness makes it possible to judge the structural and biophysical characteristics of individual tissue cells (particles), on the one hand, and the integral optical characteristics of the entire biological tissue. The aim of the study was – the determination of connections between the biophysical and structural characteristics of the biotissue and the light fields inside the biotissues.The model developed of the medium gives a direct relationship between the optical and biophysical parameters of the biotissue. Calculations were carried out using known solutions of the radiation transfer equation, taking into account the multilayer structure of the tissue, multiple scattering in the medium, and multiple reflection of irradiation between the layers.With the increase wavelength, the size of speckles formed by the non-scattered component (direct light) of laser radiation increases by a factor of 2 from 400 to 800 μm in the stratum corneum and 5 times from 0.6 to 3 μm for the epidermis and from 0.27 to 1.4 μm to the dermis. Typical values of sizes of speckles formed by the diffraction component of laser radiation for the stratum corneum and epidermis range from 0.02 to 0.15 μm. For the dermis typical spot sizes are up to 0.03 μm. The speckle-spot size of the diffusion component in the dermis can vary from ±10 % at 400 nm and up to ±23 % for 800 nm when the volume concentration of blood capillaries changes. Characteristic dependencies are obtained and biophysical factors associated with the volume concentration of blood and the degree of it’s oxygenation that affect the contrast of the speckle structure in the dermis are discussed.The of speckles׳ size in the layers of tissue varies from a share of micrometer to millimeter. The established dependence makes it possible to determine the depth of penetration of light into the biotissue based on the dimensions of speckles. Calculation of the contrast of the speckle structure of scattered light in visible spectral range at different depths in the biotissue made it possible to establish the dependence of the contrast value of the interference pattern on the degree of oxygenation of the blood and the volume concentration of capillaries in the dermis.

Purpose. To study urea kinetics in the body after liver resection in the experiment.Material and Methods. Experiments were carried out on 45 white female rats weighing between 180 g and 220 g. Liver resection (LR) was performed under ester anesthesia, wherein 15—20% of the organ weight was removed. Urea content was studied in biological fluids (arterial blood, venous — v.porta, v.hepatica, v.renalis — blood, choledochal bile, urine), and tissues of visceral organs (the thyroid gland, lungs, heart, liver, kidneys, spleen, stomach, intestine) on days 3, 7, and 14 after LR. Results. LR, while reducing the urea content in the v. hepatica blood, does not lead to similar changes in the arterial blood. This is accompanied by increased urea reabsorption in kidneys and higher v.porta blood urea content, which, depending on the postoperative time, results either from reduced urea excretion into the small intestine lumen or from its greater production by enterocytes followed by metabolite intake into the portal blood flow. The urea intake from hepatocytes into the hepatic bile ducts did not change on day 3 after LR; however, it increased on day 7 and slowed down on day 14. LR caused no changes in the gastric tissues urea content; never theless, it led to its increased content in the duodenal and colonic tissues. Without affecting the cardiac muscleurea content, LR entailed its increase in the lungs and thyroid gland on postoperative days 3, 7, and 14. At the background of absence of similar changes in the arterial blood data indicates promotion of urea production by the cells of these organs or metabolite retention therein.Conclusions. LR not only changes urea kinetics in the portal system organs, but also activates extrahepatic mechanisms aimed at preventing development of the arterial blood urea deficit because of its abnormal intake from the resected organ into the central blood flow.

В работе обсуждаются экологические и гематологические показатели общественных полевок территории Арцаха. Выявлены типы активности полевок и их зависимость от климатических условий и мест обитания. Особое внимание уделяется количественным изменениям показателей крови в зависимости от времени года. Рассмотрены особенности размножения и рациона питания полевок в условиях Арцаха.

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The metabolic characteristics of blood of animals following subchronic exposure of gaseous mixtures containing singlet oxygen were investigated. The experiment was carried out on Wistar rats. In the blood the concentration of glucose, lactate, the activity of catalase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase were determined after 30 and 60 days after externally-inhalation. It is shown that prolonged use for 30 days gas mixture containing singlet oxygen, increases the detoxification function and antioxidant reserve of erythrocytes, decreases the concentration of glucose in blood, leading to reduction of the coefficient of energy reaction balance and the accumulation of lactate in erythrocytes. Long-term results (60 day) of externally-inhalation of a gas mixture containing singlet oxygen, reveal a violation of energy metabolism blood normalizing the specific activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase and increasing the catalase of erythrocytes, increasing concentration of glucose in blood.