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The article examines the essence of social responsibility of business and its role in the development of the national economy, in facilitating the solution of social problems at various stages of ethical views formation regarding the organization of business, both in the world and in Ukraine. Peculiarities of the manifestation of social responsibility in different territories of our country, which in certain historical periods were part of different countries, are studied. It is revealed the influence of national culture and worldview, as well as political circumstances and restrictions on the identification and self-expression of Ukrainians in various aspects of social life, including economic one, on the formation of economic and socially responsible centers, the main goal of which is the support and social protection of the Ukrainian population, the revival of the economy and education in Galicia. The traditions of Ukrainian patronage, thanks to which the population of Left-bank Ukraine revived their language, culture, writing and painting, and had access to educational and medical services are mentioned. The negative impact of the colonial enslavement of Ukraine by the Soviet Union on the development of social responsibility is considered, primarily due to the destruction of the institution of private property and the introduction of command-administrative management methods. That later served as one of the reasons for the emergence of such processes as shadow economy, corruption, unscrupulous business conduct, tax evasion, noncompliance with legislation, and thus violation of the basic principles of ethics and social responsibility of business at the first stages of the revival of the national economy of Ukraine. However, the article substantiates those similar negative processes took place in most of the modern economically developed countries of the world, during the period when they passed the stage of «wild capitalism», which lasted until the second quarter of the 20th century. Ukrainian society passed this stage in a very quick period, in ten years. And already in 2000, Ukrainian business began to revive ancient Ukrainian traditions of patronage and moved to the next stage of the formation of social responsibility of business – local care, and now to full social management. Analyzing the tragic events and challenges faced by Ukrainian society during the modern Russian-Ukrainian war, the article reveals the extraordinary activity, initiative, and variety of social responsibility projects of domestic businesses that operate in various spheres of activity and on various forms of organization. At the same time, the article substantiates the need to improve conditions for doing business, improve legislation and the judicial system, as one of the components of encouraging entrepreneurs to expand their social responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of castles and other objects of architectural and cultural heritage of Ukraine in the formation of national identity of citizens are reveals in the article. Castles and other cultural heritage sites are considered as places of national memory, as evidence of historical events and stages of state formation of our country, as architectural and cultural sites that can reproduce and analyze artistic and stylistic trends in different eras of state and cultural formation of our people as well. Trends of castle buildings use in different periods of formation of our state, including during the war, are studied. The existence of castles and palaces during the war was found to be subject to various risks. First, buildings as an architectural heritage can be destroyed by bombing or other hostilities. Secondly, the use of castle and palace buildings for other purposes, to hold various non-cultural events in their premises, has a very detrimental effect on the future of their existence. Third, museum exhibits and other objects of movable cultural heritage are under the threat of looting, theft and deportation to the territory of the occupier. The article also considers other problems faced by castles and other cultural heritage sites of Ukraine. These are, first of all, insufficient attention to the preservation of ancient architectural monuments from destruction, lack of sufficient funding for conservation and restoration work, insufficient number of restorers of the appropriate qualification level. The article examines the amount of damage caused by the russian occupiers to the cultural heritage sites of Ukraine since the full-scale invasion of our lands by russian troops. The article reviews the main documents governing the protection of cultural property in the event of an armed conflict in Ukraine. The main actions under Article 3 of the Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict (May 14, 1954) are considered to be taken to protect cultural property from the effects of armed conflict on military attack on our lands. The article substantiates the need to protect castles and other cultural heritage sites of Ukraine not only from war threats and crimes, but also in peacetime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the peculiarities of the formation of traditions of financial support of private business and public associations in the lands of Ternopil region. The main trends in the formation and development of banking in the Western lands of Ukraine, including Ternopil region, are described. The main types of financial and credit companies that operated in the lands of Ternopil region in the late XVIII - early XX centuries are considered. It has founded out which banks were among the first in the city of Ternopil and region. It is investigated which institutions now function in the buildings of the first banks. The main reasons and purpose of creation of financial and credit societies by territorial communities at the end of XVIII - the beginning of XX centuries are substantiated. The role of rural cooperatives and banks in the life of Ukrainians during the Polish and Austro- Hungarian occupation is considered. The analysis of transformations of financial and credit institutions of Western Ukraine and Ternopil region after the Second World War and the arrival of the Soviet occupation regime is carried out. The main trends in the development of banking after Ukraine's independence have been studied. (The way which the structure of the banking system was presented in Ternopil region was considered). How the structure of the banking system was presented in Ternopil region is considered. The main directions and areas of activity that commercial banks have lent in large amounts, as well as those industries that are constantly underfunded by both the state and the banking sector are identified. The impact of the reform of the banking system of Ukraine in 2014- 2015 on the economic activity of banking and entrepreneurial business of Ternopil region is considered. Negative tendencies in the change of the structure of bank capital were revealed -- not in favor of national capital. The existence of risks of growth of foreign capital share in the banking sector of the national economy is substantiated. The main problems of development of credit unions under modern conditions (in the current circumstances) are revealed. The existence of interrelation and interdependence between the share of the national component in the capital of financial institutions and the level of development of strategically important economic and social statebuilding processes is proved. The main problems and ways to solve them are identified in order to expand the opportunities for financial support of national businesses and local communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of Covid-19 pandemic on the tourism in Ukraine are reviewed in the article. Restrictions of state borders crossing dealt the most damage for tourist companies aimed at foreign market, by reducing the outgoing flow of tourists. It is stated that internal tourist market was in crisis state even before the pandemic which was mainly caused by insufficient and outdated infrastructure, tourist market being mostly in shadow, low quality transport, etc. New opportunities that Covid-19 pandemic might open for Ukrainian tourism are highlighted in the article, such as: development of countryside tourism, modernization of available touristic infrastructure within state programs, use of online education, productional and pre-graduate student practice for free advertising of recreational locations. Objective of this article is the complex analysis of Covid-19 pandemic influence on the development of tourism in Ukraine, definition of main dangers and opportunities for tourism industry and formulating strategic priorities for activation of domestic tourism. The article uses common scientific research methods, such as: synthesis analysis; statistical analysis and comparison while exploring trends of tourism development in Ukraine during Covid-19 pandemic; generalization - while developing recommendations for inner tourism and infrastructure activation. Four priority targets of tourism development in Ukraine have been proposed: 1) development of hospitality infrastructure in seashore and Carpathian region by using state investment, discount loans provided by state banks within "Build your own" program for small business, development of state-private partnership; 2) development of countryside tourism by crowdfunding and state-private partnership; 3) restoration of historical and architectural sights by state programs like "Great Construction"; 4) use of online education and student practice for free advertising of touristic locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to research of psychological features of society and their influence on the state’s and the national economy reformations. The historical features of the formation of the dominant economic models of the world have been considered in the article. The psychological type of Russian behavior and the Asian way of managing has been described. The objective and subjective factors of formation the psychological and economic features of Ukrainian society in different periods have been analyzed. The worldview, economic and mental values of Ukrainians in the Cossack’s age have been described. A comparative analysis of the main views of Orthodoxy and Catholicism (Protestantism) was conducted. The influence of external cultures, natural conditions and ideological beliefs on economic behavior and construction of social relations has been revealed. The basic problems of development of national society and national economy under modern conditions have been determined. Priority directions as fundamental for ensuring the reforms of the national economy of Ukraine have been identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The features of the origin and historical transformation of the definitions “social justice" and “social welfare" have been considered in the article. The main approaches and concepts of the interpretation of social justice are described. The sociological survey data concerning the understanding of social justice the population of Ukraine has been given. An analysis of the main macroeconomic indicators of Ukraine and the world has been carried out. Some of them are: GDP growth, government debt, price level, the minimum salary and living wage level, purchasing power of the population, unemployment level, labour migration, working day hours, and life expectancy and population growth. The main trends in the development of national production focusing on the export of raw materials and components, but not finished products, are considered. The hidden current policy problems of subsidizing the population of Ukraine have been revealed. The main reasons for the deterioration of the main macroeconomic indicators of Ukraine are considered and their negative impact on the level of social protection in the country is revealed. The existence of relationship and interdependence between the level of social development and the peculiarities of national economic development is proved. The direct influence of ineffective social policy on the national economic development has been shown. A series of measures in the social and economic spheres aimed at creating social justice in the country and ensuring a stable longterm development of the national economy of Ukraine are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern trends of globalization, its positive manifestations and threats for the development of national economies and the preservation of national independence have been described in the article. The elements of the country's economic security what are designed to ensure economic stability and development are considered. The main conditions necessary for creating a favorable business environment and successful business activity are described. The necessity of realization of the policy of sustainable development of the national economy is substantiated. Proposed own approach to the interpretation of the essence of concepts of sustainable development and sustainable development policy of the country. The main reasons that influence the formation of successful managerial behavior of managers at the state level and at the level of enterprises and organizations are analyzed. It is proved that the lack of vectors for the transformation of Ukrainian society and the strategic vision of the country's development trends, as well as the corruption of society and the presence of socio-humanitarian problems, are the main causes of ineffective management of all levels. The necessity of elaboration of the program of long-term development of the Ukrainian economy on the bases coherence of decisions and coordination of actions and preservation of national interests is substantiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The general conditions of the national currency issuance of Ukraine have been described in the article. The role of money both in the economic sphere, and in the historicalcultural and cognitive sphere has been characterized. The importance of money elements such as design, quality and naming has been substantiated. The historical development of hryvnia as the currency from its inception in Kyivan Rus to its second revival in 1996, and its development features in the modern conditions have been considered. The main hryvnia types such as hryvnia of Kyiv, Chernihiv and Novhorod types have been considered. Their characteristic and comparison have been conducted. The circulation coins in the period of Kyivan Rus (the reign of Volodymyr Velyky, Yaroslav Mudry and Svjatopolk), Kyiv and Seversky principalities, during the Kingdom of Poland, the Great Lithuanian and Rus Principality, the Hungarian Kingdom, the Rzecz Pospolita, the Austrian empire and the Grand Principality of Moscow has been examined. The essence and ruble history, and existing theories of the origin of its name have been investigated. It was found the nature and place of origin, and the origin peculiarities of the coin “kopeck”. The incorrectness in the name of the coin national currency of Ukraine have been pointed out and the ways of its improvement have been offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the structure and proportion of foreign capital in the banking system of Ukraine, defined by its positive and negative impact on the foreign exchange market and the banking system as a whole. Excessive isolation of the banking system of Ukraine from foreign capital leads to restriction resources on the domestic currency market and to a decrease the competitiveness of banks. In the article performed the comparative analysis of domestic banks and banks with foreign capital, soundly the necessity and possible ways to strengthen the position of domestic banks on the foreign currency market of Ukraine. The necessity of raising the level of domestic banks capitalization through reorganization changes such as the domestic bank and non-bank holding companies formation, temporary associations of domestic and foreign banks in order to serve specific international or innovative projects is well-grounded in this article. The positive aspects of domestic banks consolidation are named. Some of them: strengthening of the bank's financial stability, increased the opportunities for compliance with regulatory requirements and fulfillment of regulatory measures taken by the National Bank of Ukraine, development of market conditions, rising of competitive struggle, improving of banking services, expanding the range of foreign exchange services and reduce their costs, raise barriers to entry of weak players at market. The negative consolidation of banks named the danger of monopolization of the market. The necessity of improvement in the professionalism of doing domestic banking business through using the effective methods of customers service, new operations and new technologies in banking activities is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern tendencies of development the banking business is described in the article. Indicators and the main problems of development of Ukrainian banking system been analyzed. The positive and negative influence of globalization processes specified. The necessity and possible ways to strengthen the position of domestic banks is soundly. The necessity of raising the level of domestic banks capitalization through reorganization changes such as the domestic bank and nonbank holding companies formation, temporary associations of domestic and foreign banks in order to serve specific international or innovative projects is well-grounded in this article. The positive aspects of domestic banks consolidation are named. Some of them: strengthening of the bank's financial stability, increased the opportunities for compliance with regulatory requirements and fulfillment of regulatory measures taken by the National Bank of Ukraine, development of market conditions, rising of competitive struggle, improving of banking services, expanding the range of foreign exchange services and reduce their costs, raise barriers to entry of weak players at market. The negative consolidation of banks named the danger of monopolization of the market. The necessity of improvement in the professionalism of doing domestic banking business through using the effective methods of customers service, new operations and new technologies in banking activities is emphasized. The measures to stimulate and interest of commercial banks in taking part in the financing of innovation projects enterprise development are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the problems of innovative development of domestic enterprises. The role and importance of innovation for economic development and stability of the national currency is defined. The relationship between coordination actions of state governments and the National Bank of Ukraine is proved. The specified its impact on the monetary, banking institutions in financing innovation and the economy in general. The main sources of funding innovation of domestic enterprises are researched. The basic directions of perfection of credit innovative enterprises through cooperation between the state and banks are substantiated. The measures to stimulate and interest of commercial banks in taking part in the financing of innovation projects enterprise development are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]