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Reliable diagnostics are a major challenge for the detection and treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Currently at the forefront are non-invasive urea breath test (UBT) and stool antigen test (SAT). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is not endorsed due to nonspecific primers and the threat of false-positives. The specificity of DNA amplification can be achieved by nested PCR (NPCR), which involves two rounds of PCR. If the primers are properly designed for the variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene, it is not difficult to develop an NPCR assay for the unambiguous identification of H. pylori. Elaborate NPCR for a 454 bp amplicon was validated on 81 clinical biopsy, stool, and saliva samples, each from the same individuals, and compared with available H. pylori assays, namely histology, rapid urease test, SAT, and 13C-UBT. The assay was much more sensitive than simple PCR, and it was equally sensitive in biopsy samples as the 13C-UBT test, which is considered the gold standard. In addition, it is sufficiently specific because sequencing of the PCR products exclusively confirmed the presence of H. pylori-specific DNA. However, due to the threshold and lower abundance, the sensitivity was much lower in amplifications from stool or saliva. Reliable detection in saliva also complicates the ability of H. pylori to survive in the oral cavity aside from and independent of the stomach. The reason for the lower sensitivity in stool is DNA degradation; therefore, a new NPCR assay was developed to obtain a shorter 148 bp 16S rRNA amplicon. The assay was validated on stool samples from 208 gastroenterological patients and compared to SAT results. Surprisingly, this NPCR revealed the presence of H. pylori in twice the number of samples as SAT, indicating that many patients are misdiagnosed, not treated by antibiotics, and their problems are interpreted as chronic. Thus, it is unclear how to properly diagnose H. pylori in practice. In the first approach, SAT or UBT is sufficient. If samples are negative, the 148 bp amplicon NPCR assay should be performed. If problems persist, patients should not be considered negative, but due to threshold H. pylori abundance, they should be periodically tested. The advantage of NPCR over UBT is that it can be used universally, including questionable samples taken from patients with achlorhydria, receiving proton pump inhibitors, antibiotics, bismuth compound, intestinal metaplasia, or gastric ulcer bleeding.

Iron plays a key role in many metabolic pathways in the cell, but it may become toxic at higher concentrations. Therefore, the maintenance of iron homeostasis is crucial for cell viability and is strictly regulated. This element has also an important role in the host-parasite interaction. Parasites are fully dependent on iron uptake from the host environment. Iron uptake is a very difficult process thanks to effective sequestration of the host's iron supplies, which makes iron almost inaccessible to parasites. Imported iron is mostly transported to the mitochondria where it is necessary for its proper function. This work is focused on the effect of modified chelators on pathogenic fungi and the chosen kinetoplastid parasites, which cause serious human diseases. These diseases are becoming a great threat due to emerging drug resistances. Modified chelators are able to target mitochondrial functions and affect iron homeostasis, which can lead to a promising antiparasitic and antimycotic effect. Modified chelators in tested organisms can inhibit their gorwth even in nM concetrations, affect mitochondrial respiration, membrane potential and membrane permeability. Thanks to mitochondrial targeting the potency was much higher compared to the unmodified compounds. This work contains also research of new...

Bachelor's thesis summarizes alcohol dehydrogenases mainly in parasitic protists. These widespread enzymes have been identified in several organisms ranging from bacteria to human. Thanks to the diversity of the enzyme's structure and substrate specificity is its function variable. Structure of the model zinc-containing Adh1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae is tetrameric. Enzymes are responsible for reversible oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones with concomitant reduction of NAD(P)+ as a cofactor. In most organisms, Adh appears in several types. Classification of Adhs is quite difficult and incomplete due to the investigation progress. The current classification includes three groups: MDR ("medium chain" Adh), SDR ("small chain" Adh) and iron-containing Adh. Adhs in parasitic protists have a specific role in the flexibility of metabolism and the adaptability to environmental changes in the host. This thesis deals especially with anaerobic parasites, where Adh is important in fermentation metabolism. Adh also figures in the resistance to drugs like in Trypanosoma cruzi or Tritrichomonas foetus. Recently, Adh has become a promising enzyme for a biotechnological application like in pharmaceutical or chemical industry. Keywords: Alcohol dehydrogenases, classification, parasitic protists, resistance

The Dictionary of Moravian and Silesian Anoikonyms, compiled in both a traditional “paper” and a digital form as a parallel to the Dictionary of Minor Place Names in Bohemia, has two priorities: 1. unique material (covering 96 % of the territory), 2. theoretical and methodological conception that represents the Czech onomastic school. The Dictionary aims to provide both a material analysis and an interpretation of names comprising many dialectal forms. Slovar moravskih in šlezijskih anojkonimov, sestavljen v tradicionalni natisnjeni in digitalni obliki, je vzporednica Slovarju imen manjših čeških krajev (Dictionary of Minor Place Names in Bohemia). Predstavlja (1) enkratno gradivo (pokriva 96 % ozemlja) in (2) teoretični in metodološki koncept češke onomastične šole. Slovar ponuja analizo gradiva in razlago imen, sestavljenih iz mnogih narečnih oblik.

The term Eros in Plato's dialogue Phaedrus The bacalaureate thesis is about the term eros (love) and its role in Plato's dialogue Phaedrus. It also considers the use of this term in dialogues Symposion and Republic. The thesis starts with the attempt to interpret the first half of Phaedrus. Emphasis is given to Plato's theory of the soul, how he tries to describe the soul and explain different powers in it. The thesis also tries to clarify the cultural background of Plato's theory of love and. It also explains the connection between philosophy and eros. At the end raises the question whether the theme might relevant for today. Finally it offers an attempt to definite the concept of love according to Plato. The overall goal of this thesis is to question the role of Eros (as a kind of madness) and it's connection with the search for truth and for the Being or Ideals (such as truth, justice and beauty).

In the first part, the author informs on the new digital project Dictionary of Moravian and Silesian Anoikonyms that has been compiled in the Brno Department of Dialectology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic since 2005, mentions it aims and conception. She lists the impulses leading to this project as well as the reasons for the existence of two similar dictionaries within the Czech territory – one in Bohemia, one in Moravia and Silesia. In the second part she demonstrates the mentioned theoretical and interpretative aspects on examples. В первой части статьи автор информирует о новом компьютерном проекте «Словаря моравских и силезских анойконимов», который составлялся отделением диалектологии Академии наук Чешской Республики (Брно) с 2005 г.; сообщает о его целях и концепции. Автор указывает перечень импульсов, побудивших к работе над данным проектом, а также обосновывает необходимость создания подобных словарей для чешских областей Богемия, Моравия и Силезия. Во второй части статьи автор демонстрирует заявленные теоретические и интерпретационные положения на конкретных примерах. Словарь написан при поддержке гранта (GA ИR) №405/0//703.

The Dictionary of Moravian and Silesian Anoikonyms, compiled in both a traditional “paper” and a digital form as a parallel to the Dictionary of Minor Place Names in Bohemia, has two priorities: 1. unique material (covering 96 % of the territory), 2. theoretical and methodological conception that represents the Czech onomastic school. The Dictionary aims to provide both a material analysis and an interpretation of names comprising many dialectal forms.

Advances in CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) and significant increase of computational power of current computers have led to widespread use of CFD in aerodynamics, fluid dynamics, combustion engineering and other academic disciplines. One of such disciplines is computer modelling and simulation of fire in human structures. Fire is a very complicated and complex phenomenon. Fire research deals with such processes as combustion, radiation, heat transfer, turbulence, fluid dynamics, and other physical and chemical processes. Several advanced fire and smoke simulation systems have been developed to solve various aspects of fire safety in various conditions and environments. In this paper, the use of parallel version of the CFD simulator FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) for the simulation of fire spread and smoke development in a short road tunnel is described. In order to study the impact of the computational domain decomposition on the accuracy and reliability of simulation results, several simulations of a chosen fire scenario ran on the HP blade cluster utilizing different numbers of processors. The obtained parameters of fire and smoke were used to investigate the influence of the fire on people evacuation in the tunnel with active ventilation for a given traffic situation.