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En France, en moyenne 40 % des personnes condamnées sont en état de récidive ou de réitération. Afin d'éviter les ruptures de soins susceptibles de conduire à la commission d'une nouvelle infraction, le service médicopsychologique régional de la maison d'arrêt a d'abord développé, en 2021, l'accompagnement post-carcéral de courte durée (six mois). L'équipe pluridisciplinaire ambitionne désormais de favoriser l'entrée dans un processus de désistance des hommes suivis en prison, et accompagnés à la sortie. La stratégie arrêtée pour tenter de répondre à cette nouvelle mission comprend trois volets : formation, organisation, et développement de l'offre de soin. L'équipe a commencé à se former à trois outils : HCR20 V3, SAPROF et CAPP. Le premier intéresse l'évaluation et la gestion du risque de récidive violente interpersonnelle, le second le repérage des facteurs de protection liés à la violence, et le dernier concerne le trouble de personnalité psychopathique, facteur prépondérant de risque de violence. Sur le plan de l'organisation, les soins au SMPR ont été repensés pour intégrer l'évaluation du niveau de risque de récidive en détention, et sa réévaluation en cours d'APC. Le but est maintenant d'agir stratégiquement sur d'éventuels facteurs de risque dynamiques repérés, en tenant compte des facteurs de protection. Le développement de l'offre de soin, entrepris en 2022, a abouti en octobre 2023 à l'ouverture d'une unité de colocation thérapeutique et d'insertion (UCTI), dispositif « passerelle » pouvant accueillir cinq hommes sortants, accompagnés en post-carcéral par le SMPR, pour six mois également. L'objectif principal de cette étude observationnelle, prospective et monocentrique, est de mesurer l'efficacité du suivi intra-carcéral et de l'accompagnement post-carcéral – restructurés autour d'outils d'évaluation et de gestion du risque de récidive – des personnes sortantes de MA d'Amiens, sur la désistance à l'issue de l'APC et à cinq ans. Cette efficacité pourrait se traduire, pour les personnes accompagnées en post-carcéral, par une diminution de l'expression des traits psychopathiques et du niveau de risque de récidive entre le moment de l'incarcération et la fin de la prise en soin. Les professionnels souhaitent également documenter la mise en place des trois outils dans leur service, et en étudier la validité prédictive sur leur échantillon. L'étude sert aussi à évaluer l'efficacité du dispositif expérimental UCTI. Le repérage précoce des facteurs de risque devrait permettre d'améliorer la spécificité et la priorisation des actions de prévention du risque entrant dans le cadre des soins courants. Démonstration faite de l'efficacité de ces soins, enrichis par l'emploi d'outils adaptés à la problématique de la population carcérale sortante, il serait envisageable de répliquer cette stratégie de spécialisation psychiatrique pénitentiaire dans les équipes psychiatriques exerçant dans d'autres établissements pénitentiaires. Le projet s'inscrit dans une volonté de décloisonnement des différents secteurs concernés par la prise en charge des personnes sortantes. Le travail collaboratif en équipe pluridisciplinaire, au sein du service mais aussi avec les dispositifs de droit commun, est au cœur des retombées de cette recherche. Serait-il possible de revitaliser l'engagement individuel et collectif de ceux qui agissent auprès de patients qui peuvent présenter un risque de violence ? In France, an average of 40% of convicted prisoners are repeat offenders. To prevent disruptions in care that may lead to new offenses, the regional medico-psychological department (SMPR) of the Amiens prison first introduced short-term post-incarceration support (6 months) in 2021. The multidisciplinary team now intends to facilitate the transition to a desistance process for incarcerated men who are undergoing treatment in prison and to, provide support when they are released. The strategy consists of three main components: training, organization, and expanding the range of care. The team has already started training for three tools: HCR20 V3, SAPROF, and CAPP-IRS. The first pertains to the assessment and management of the risk of interpersonal violent relapse, the second focuses on identifying protective factors related to violence, and the third addresses psychopathy, a significant risk factor for violence. In terms of organization, care at the SMPR has been restructured to incorporate the assessment of the level of risk of relapse during detention and its reassessment during post-carceral follow-up. The aim now is to strategically address any identified dynamic risk factors, taking protective factors into account. The expansion of the care provided, begun in 2022, led to the opening of a therapeutic and integration cohabitation unit (TICU) in October 2023, serving as a "gateway" facility accommodating 5 men who have been released from custody supported by the SMPR in post-carceral care, also for a duration of 6 months. The primary objective of this observational, prospective, and single-center study is to measure the effectiveness of intra-carceral and post-carceral support – restructured around risk assessment and management tools – for individuals exiting the Amiens prison after achieving desistance at the end of the follow-up and for a period of 5 years. This effectiveness could be reflected in a reduction in psychopathic traits and in the level of risk of recidivism for those supported in post-carceral care, from the time of incarceration to the end of care. These mental health care professionals also wish to document the implementation of the three tools in their service and assess their predictive validity within their sample. The study also serves to evaluate the effectiveness of the experimental TICU program. The early identification of risk factors should improve the specificity and prioritization of risk prevention actions as part of routine care. Demonstrating the effectiveness of this extended treatment program, tailored to the needs of the outgoing incarcerated population, could lead to the replication of this specialized psychiatric approach in other penal facilities. The project is part of a common effort to break down barriers between the various sectors involved in the care of individuals who are released from prison. Collaborative multidisciplinary teamwork, both within the department and with mainstream psychiatric care facilities, lies at the core of the results of this research. Could it be possible to revitalize the individual and collective commitment of those working with patients who may present a risk of violence? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les violences entre partenaires intimes (VPI) constituent un problème de santé publique. Bien plus qu'un simple conflit dans le couple, il s'agit d'un processus de prise de pouvoir d'un partenaire sur l'autre, par le recours à la violence (physique, psychologique, sexuelle et/ou financière). Les recommandations internationales pour la prise en charge des auteurs de VPI insistent sur la nécessité de mettre en place des processus d'évaluation précoces de la récidive afin de prévenir la violence et d'orienter l'action judiciaire et les programmes de prise en charge. Parmi les échelles de jugement clinique structuré développées pour l'évaluation des VPI, la Spousal Assault Risk Assessment (SARA-V3) est l'outil le plus largement employé. Le présent article présente une étude en cours de développement dont l'objectif est de traduire et de valider la SARA-V3 en version française. La première partie de l'étude consiste à administrer la SARA-V3 auprès d'auteurs suspectés ou condamnés de VPI pour permettre de mesurer les qualités psychométriques de la traduction française. Dans la seconde partie, une étude qualitative vise à évaluer la perception des professionnels de terrain quant aux échelles d'évaluation du risque (et particulièrement de la SARA-V3). Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an international public health problem. Much more than a simple conflict within a couple, it's a process of one partner taking power over the other, through the use of violence (physical, psychological, sexual and/or financial). IPV is rarely an isolated act and generally follows a pattern of chronic abuse. The risks of re-victimization in this context are significantly higher than in other criminal victimization contexts. International recommendations for the management of IPV offenders emphasize the need to establish early assessment processes for recidivism, to prevent violence and guide judicial action and management programs for IPV offenders. Among the structured clinical judgment scales developed for the assessment of IPV, the Spousal Assault Risk Assessment (SARA-V3) is the most widely used tool. While there are several scales for assessing the risk of IPV recidivism, research into their psychometric qualities remains limited, especially for the French-language versions. In addition to the availability of assessment tools, several problems have been identified in the use of IPV recidivism risk assessment instruments by practitioners in real-life situations: frequent recourse to unstructured professional judgment, problems in complying with recommendations for administering assessment instruments, and a lack of training. This article presents a study currently under development whose aim is to translate and validate the SARA-V3 in French. The first part of the study consists of administering the SARA-V3 to suspected or convicted perpetrators of IPV, to measure the psychometric qualities of the French translation. To carry out the assessment of IPV situations, we propose collecting data at several stages in the judicial process. The total sample will be made up of men suspected or convicted of IPV. They will be evaluated in various organizations that deal with perpetrators of IPV and at different stages of the judicial process, namely: in a police department, with expert psychiatrists, and in specific therapeutic care services. After receiving a favorable opinion from the Ethics Committee of the UMONS Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, the SARA-V3 scale was translated into French with the support of the English Unit: Literature, Language, Interpretation and Translation (ELLIT) department of the UMONS Faculty of Translation and Interpretation. The second part of the study analyzes the perceptions of professionals in the field regarding risk assessment scales (particularly SARA-V3). This second stage of the research examines the professionals' perceptions of the benefits of JPS. The participants in this study are those psychologists who contributed to the first part of the study. They are interviewed in a semi-structured interview. The aim is to evaluate the use of SARA-V3 in a clinical context, its scoring mechanics, validity, training, and perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research suggests that empirically validated risk factors for persons found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder (NCRMD) are rarely mentioned by clinicians in reports for Review Boards in Canada. This study aims to better understand this observation by examining the styles of clinical reports (i.e., types of report according to their comprehensiveness and their content) and the contextual factors associated with them. To identify styles of reports, mentions of risk factors within reports were subjected to a series of latent class analyses. Regression analyses were then carried out to identify which contextual factors (characteristics related to the person found NCRMD, the timing of the report, and the clinical team/care setting) were significantly associated with the styles of reports. Findings revealed four styles of reports which were also correlated to contextual factors, some unrelated to the risk of violence and/or reoffending for the person found NCRMD. These results reinforce the need to implement evidence-based practices in forensic risk assessment and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les enquêtes de santé conduites récemment auprès de populations d'adolescents et de jeunes adultes ont mis en lumière des taux alarmants d'idées suicidaires. Un défi important que doit relever tout clinicien face à un patient suicidaire est l'évaluation du risque de passage à l'acte et la prise en charge thérapeutique des pensées et des conduites en lien avec le suicide. Dans ce contexte, la mise en évidence récente chez ces patients d'images mentales intrusives extrêmement fréquentes et vivaces en lien avec le suicide, les flashforwards suicidaires, pourrait ouvrir la voie à d'importantes avancées dans notre capacité à évaluer et aider les patients en prise avec une problématique suicidaire. C'est ce sujet qu'évoque Arnaud Pictet dans cet entretien avec Jean-Pierre Bouchard. Recent surveys have shown an alarming increase in suicidal behaviours in adolescents and young adults, a population known to be associated with high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Despite the great improvements made over the years in the way we understand and address suicidality in the clinic, it remains extremely challenging and complex for the clinicians to assess risk and help patients alleviate their suicidal thoughts. In this context, recent studies have shown that a particular form of intrusive mental imagery of suicide, called "flashforwards" in analogy with the flashbacks in PTSD, could play a pivotal role in suicidal behaviour. More specifically, suicidal flashforwards have been shown to be associated with greater severity of suicidal symptoms and a greater likelihood of engaging in actual suicidal behaviour. This in line with the broader evidence of a powerful impact of mental imagery on emotion and behaviour, while in the specific of context of suicidality these flashforwards could be seen as real marker of suicidal risk and severity. Frequent exposure to suicidal scenarios through repeated experience of intrusive imagery may induce habituation to this outcome and thus increase the person's acquired ability to do so. Beyond assessment of suicidal risk, exploring suicidal images offers privileged access to the emotional states, cognitions, and behavioural responses that patients experience when they feel at their most depressed and despairing. Further, recently developed intervention methods designed to specifically target these suicidal images could hold promise in helping patients to deal with their suicidality. These are the subjects that Arnaud Pictet evokes in this interview with Jean-Pierre Bouchard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En France, l'évaluation structurée du risque de récidive est peu développée face au jugement professionnel non structuré, pourtant moins valide. Cet article propose une revue systématique de la littérature, répondant aux critères PRISMA, sur la perception et la pratique de l'évaluation structurée, en France, chez les professionnels concernés. Les mots clés « Évaluation du risque » AND « récidive » AND « France » ont été recherchés dans Pubmed, PsycInfo, Cairn et ScienceDirect. Les 23 articles obtenus dans les résultats montraient des craintes et peu d'avantages concernant l'évaluation structurée, la possibilité d'un système hybride et les quelques travaux français utilisant des échelles de risque. Ces réticences concernaient : (i) le système judicaire français (notamment le tout actuariel) ; (ii) les professionnels évaluateurs (confusion des rôles entre professionnels) ; (iii) les personnes évaluées (risque de stigmatisation des infracteurs à haut risque) ; et (iv) les outils eux-mêmes (prédictivité modérée). La validité scientifique, clinique et les garanties éthiques des échelles structurées du risque sont pourtant suffisantes pour permettre leur développement en France. Quelques hypothèses sont avancées pour expliquer les réticences à leur généralisation en France. In France, the recidivism of offenders (both sexual and non-sexual violence) is a national concern as evidenced by the media and the succession of laws relating to the prevention of recidivism. Risk assessment can be performed using unstructured professional judgment which is unreliable or by structured risk assessment which are more reliable. Abroad, this structured assessment is considerably developed. In France, it gives rise to two opposing positions: (i) encouragement by public authorities; and (ii) fear by a majority of professionals in the field. This article offers a systematic literature review, meeting PRISMA criteria, on the perception and practice of standardized evaluation in France by the professionals concerned. The keywords "Risk assessment" AND "recurrence" AND "France" were searched in French and in English in the search engines Pubmed, PsycInfo, Cairn, and ScienceDirect. The 23 articles obtained in the results highlighted: (a) fears and few advantages regarding the use of structured evaluation; (b) a possibility of a hybrid evaluation system in France; and (c) a report of some works already using scales of risk on French populations. This article focused mainly on the fears and perceived benefits of structured risk assessment. The reluctance has concerned both: (i) the French judicial system (fear of a new penology based only on the actuarial approach and its consequences); (ii) the professional valuers (fear of a confusion of professional's roles in health and justice fields); (iii) the persons assessed (fear of a risk of stigmatization of high-risk patients concerning violence); and (iv) the tools themselves (fear of a poor reliability of the risk assessment). Very few articles highlighted their advantages: reliability, simplicity of use, good inter-judge fidelity, guideline for care, and specially an ability to overcom the insufficient basis for the evaluation resulting from unstructured clinical judgment. Results also suggested the possibility of a hybrid evaluation system in France, which could rely on risk scales, without neglecting the interview and the qualitative collected information that have to respect precise steps and allow the management of offenders. Finally, this paper presented the few French studies using risk scales mainly focused both in sexual offenders' risks and associated factors, and showing a better productivity of these scales than an unstructured professional judgment. Fears related to the structured risk assessments are important. However, these scales may also supply a better vision of offenders. They require skills of professionals from various fields and allow both a fairer assessment of the offender and a penal system more adjusted. This perceived reluctance seems to be due to a poor knowledge of structured assessment the risk scales and a lack of research studies using them in France, where it is necessary to have a broad reflection on their development in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Accounting Perspectives is the property of Canadian Academic Accounting Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study introduces a large fire containment strategy that builds upon recent advances in spatial fire planning, notably the concept of potential wildland fire operation delineations (PODs). Multiple PODs can be clustered together to form a 'box' that is referred as the 'response POD' (or rPOD). Fire lines would be built along the boundary of an rPOD to contain a large fire. Assets such as communities and infrastructure within an rPOD could be protected through 'point zone protection.' We develop a mixed integer program model to optimally aggregate PODs into an rPOD with an objective of coordinating containment and point protection to maximize net value change under different fire weather scenarios and resource availability constraints. This optimization framework leverages emerging fire risk assessment and response planning methods by considering factors that drive selection of the optimal rPOD including fire-related benefits and losses, the fire line construction effort required to contain fire, and the point protection requirement within the rPOD to reduce asset losses. The model could be used to support prefire assessment and planning, training, and incident response decisions. We use a portion of the Lolo National Forest in western Montana, U.S.A., as a study site for demonstration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dominant Canadian approach to offender rehabilitation, the risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model, requires assessing offenders' likelihood of recidivism and their criminogenic needs (i.e., risk/need assessments). The current study examines the risk/need assessments routinely used in Canadian corrections and compares their risk category labels. All Canadian jurisdictions used a risk/need tool for general recidivism, most used sex-crime-specific tools, and a few used tools specific to intimate partner violence. There was, however, considerable diversity in the names, number, and meaning of the risk category labels, which could result in different responses to the same individual based solely on the version of the risk tool used in any specific jurisdiction. Our results suggest that increased attention to the meaning of risk category labels could facilitate offenders receiving the most appropriate and fair correctional responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé La propagation rapide des produits agro-biotechnologiques a suscité beaucoup de controverses au sujet des avantages, des risques et des limites des plantes transgéniques. Les effets néfastes des plantes génétiquement modifiées (GM) qui peuvent être ingérées peuvent provoquer des effets toxiques ou l’induction de réponses immunitaires indésirables, telles qu’une activité de modulation allergique ou immunitaire. L’évaluation de l’allergénicité est une étape dans l’évaluation de la biosécurité des aliments dérivés de cultures GM. Cet article de revue se concentre sur un sujet d’intérêt courant, l’analyse du potentiel allergénique des aliments dérivés de cultures génétiquement modifiées, des stratégies d’évaluation institutionnelle, des techniques protéomiques pour l’identification de protéines transgéniques ayant des propriétés allergéniques. Des études récentes montrent l’impact des cultures transgéniques du blé (albumine/globuline et gluten) sur l’asthme et l’allergie alimentaire IgE dépendante. Par conséquent, une analyse complète des allergènes (allergénomique) est très importante pour l’évaluation des risques non seulement des plantes alimentaires, mais aussi pour le diagnostic des symptômes allergiques. The rapid spread of agro-biotechnological products has aroused a lot of controversy about the benefits, risks and limits of transgenic plants. The harmful effects of edible genetically modified plants can include toxicity or the induction of unwanted immune responses such as an allergic or immune modulation activity. The evaluation of allergenicity is a step in the assessment of the biosecurity of food derived from GM crops. This review article focuses on a topic of current interest: analysis of the allergenic potential of foods derived from genetically modified crops, of institutional assessment strategies, and of techniques for identification of transgenic proteins having allergenic properties. Recent studies show the results in terms of the extent to which transgenic wheat crops (albumin/globulin and the gluten protein) are responsible for asthma and IgE food allergy. Thus, a comprehensive analysis of allergens (allergenomics) is essential not only for assessment of the risks of food plants, but also for the diagnosis of allergic symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we shall address the electromagnetic wave propagation issues that are critical to determining the feasibility of a drone-borne ground-penetrating radar sensor for humanitarian applications, particularly in the context of disaster management. Frequency- and polarization-dependent scattering, attenuation and dispersion of radar signals penetrating into the sub-surface region will determine the applicability of a drone-mounted radar sensor capable of registering radar echoes for observing and monitoring sub-surface features. The functionality of the radar will thus be assessed depending on key radar parameters that include the central radar frequency, the modulation depth, and the mode of radar operation (pulsed FM, FM-CW), the antenna type, the available power-budget. In the analysis to be presented, the radar equation, together with the aforementioned propagation effects, will be used to simulate the signal strength of radar echoes under different conditions arising from the chosen key-radar parameters and the assumed physical properties of the sub-surface earth medium. The analysis to be presented will indicate whether or not the drone-borne ground-penetrating radar is a feasible system and if it could be constructed with the technologies available today. Taking into account the strict constraints involved to design drone applications for Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR), the ideas developed hereafter are both prospective and exploratory. The objective is to see if a solution can be found in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theory predicts prey should flee to safety when the fitness benefits of flight meet or exceed the costs. Empirical work has shown the importance of predation risk (e.g., predator behavior, distance to refuge) to prey flight behavior. However, less is known about the influence of flight costs. We monitored nesting Painted Turtles ( Chrysemys picta (Schneider, 1783)) to examine their response to a human observer (potential predator) depending on the distance between a turtle and an observer, distance between a turtle and water (i.e., refuge), and nesting stage at the time of the encounter (i.e., searching for a nest site vs. constructing a nest). We found no evidence that the distance to an observer influenced flight decisions. However, turtles were less likely to flee as the distance to water increased, and turtles already constructing nests were more likely to continue nesting than those still searching for nest sites. Turtles that traveled farther from water and that were constructing nests may have continued nesting because they had invested considerable energy and were close to completing oviposition. Thus, the fitness benefits of being closer to successful oviposition may outweigh the costs of increased vulnerability to predators during this important and vulnerable period of reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Andrews, Bonta, and Wormith (2004) present the Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (LS/CMI) as a fourth generation risk/needs assessment tool for adult convicted offenders. Very limited research, however, has been conducted to verify Andrews et al.'s (2004) assertions about the validity of this tool. This study, therefore, provides a detailed analysis of the internal structure of the LS/CMI as well as its predictive validity. This study is based on data from a sample of 17,651 adult male offenders followed prospectively over a one-year period. Using item response theory analyses, the study findings indicate that in terms of predictive validity, the dynamic items of the assessment tool do not provide a significant improvement. In the end, after removal of several factors, mostly dynamic factors, it is shown that the static items alone prove as valid as those instruments of the third and fourth generation. As a result, the psychometric analyzes raise fundamental questions about the validity of the instrument but also its use and role with adult convicted offenders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Une mutation de la politique de gestion des risques d'inondation s'opère ces dernières années, passant du « tout protection » à la volonté de réduire la vulnérabilité des enjeux. Cette mutation s'accompagne de démarches d'évaluation : par les travaux menés pour l'évaluation préliminaire des risques d'inondation dans le cadre de la directive inondation de 2007, par l'analyse multicritères des projets de protection, et aujourd'hui par la constitution d'un référentiel national de vulnérabilité. Evaluer la vulnérabilité du territoire, c'est-à-dire sa propension à être touché par une inondation dans ses différentes composantes et échelles, permet de mieux définir les actions à mener dans les différents temps de la gestion des risques, de la connaissance et l'information à la gestion de crise en passant par la prévision, l'urbanisme et les actions de réduction de vulnérabilité des enjeux. Les travaux menés pour le référentiel permettent de structurer l'approche, d'évaluer quantitativement et qualitativement un ensemble de sujets, et de les cartographier de manière à faciliter la prise de décision. L'expérimentation de Gennevilliers montre que l'investissement technique, humain et financier peut être important si on souhaite disposer d'une analyse vraiment exhaustive.

Copyright of Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The term COPD is not widely known and appreciated, despite being the third most important cause of death worldwide, with more than 4000 deaths annually in Switzerland. The life of COPD patients and their families could be made easier with more information, more prevention by smoking regulation, support of smoking cessation and by regular vaccinations against influenza and pneumococci. COPD should be detected earlier by an internet-based risk assessment algorithm and by regular spirometry in the doctor's offices (as hypertension by blood pressure measurement), especially in symptomatic smokers. Pulmonary rehabilitation programs and self-management interventions improve adherence to inhalation drug therapy and exercise training, prevent exacerbations as well as depression and fear of death. Patient's provisions concerning reanimation and intubation, home care and oxygen delivery and controlled terminal sedation help avoid a painful death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Static Factors Assessment (SFA) is used by the Correctional Service of Canada to assess criminal risk. It includes 137 items in three sub-components: the Criminal History Record (CHR), Offence Severity Record (OSR), and Sex Offence History Checklist; the first two sub-components are examined in this study (109 items). Although the SFA has been used for all federal offenders for nearly 20 years, there are no studies examining its ability to predict community outcomes. This study included 8,767 federal offenders within a five-year follow-up period, and it examined revocations without an offence, readmissions for any offence, and readmissions for a violent offence. The overall SFA, CHR, and OSR were related to recidivism outcomes, although the sum of the items in the CHR significantly out-predicted the overall SFA rating. Most items in the CHR had significant predictive accuracy, whereas roughly half the OSR items were predictive; nonetheless, the OSR added positive incremental validity to the CHR. The SFA overall rating and the CHR and OSR sub-components are valid for offender risk assessment with Canadian federal offenders, although the current results suggest that improvements to the SFA should be undertaken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La mise en regard de trois exemples de patrimoines, les barrages, les ouvrages d'art routiers et les réseaux d'eau potable, illustre comment un même principe de gestion du risque peut être décliné en différentes méthodes de priorisation des travaux annuels d'entretien et de rénovation des infrastructures : « étude de danger » des barrages, méthode Sétra pour les ouvrages d'art routier, et méthode MEDIREL de diagnostic du réseau d'eau de Lausanne. Ces trois méthodologies sont analysées selon la caractérisation des enjeux vulnérables exposés aux défaillances éventuelles, la caractérisation de l'aléa, et la hiérarchisation des actions visant à réduire le risque à court terme.

Résumé Introduction Les instruments d’évaluation du risque et des besoins de la famille LS ( level of service ) sont parmi les plus utilisés auprès des populations délinquantes dans le monde anglo-saxon. Jusqu’à présent, il n’existait pas de version validée en français du plus récent et plus complet de ces instruments, l’inventaire de niveau de service et de gestion des cas (LS/CMI ; Andrews, Bonta, & Wormith, 2004). Objectifs Cet article présente les propriétés psychométriques de la version française du LS/CMI utilisée auprès de personnes placées sous main de justice condamnées à une peine correctionnelle de moins de deux ans au Canada. Méthode Au total, 3682 personnes placées sous main de justice, soit 301 femmes (8,2 %) et 3381 hommes (91,8 %), ont été évaluées dans le cadre de la présente étude. L’analyse des propriétés psychométriques révèle que les épreuves de fidélité (cohérence interne), l’analyse factorielle exploratoire et la validité prédictive de la version française sont bonnes, très comparables à la version originale. Résultats Les résultats des analyses effectuées confirment la pertinence du LS/CMI pour prédire les nouvelles arrestations et les nouvelles condamnations pour des infractions violentes et non violentes. Le LS/CMI permet aussi de prédire de la même façon les manquements aux conditions de surveillance. Conclusions La version française du LS/CMI permet donc de prédire la récidive chez une grande variété de personnes et de structurer l’intervention correctionnelle de manière cohérente. Introduction Instruments of the LS family are among the world's most widely used risk assessment instruments. Objective This study is testing the psychometric properties of the French version of the Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (LS/CMI; Andrews, Bonta, & Wormith, 2004). Method Reliability and predictive validity of the scales, as well as the total scale are tested on a sample of 3682 offenders (301 women and 3381 men) serving a sentence of less than two years. Results Results indicate psychometric properties consistent with the English version. Internal consistency, exploratory factor analysis, and predictive validity are good. Conclusion The current French version of the LS/CMI is a reliable and valid instrument to assess risk for recidivism, and is a solid foundation to support correctional treatment implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]