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Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Minas Frescal cheese is a relevant nutritional source in the diet, and its consumption is expressive and growing. However, the unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol present in its lipid fraction are susceptible to oxidation, with implications for health issues, due to quality losses and the formation of harmful compounds for consumers. Due to the importance of dairy products associated with the enhancement of food quality and clean production practices, it is important to the lipid fraction, identifying the composition of fatty acids and cholesterol content. The food industry uses different strategies for the use of antioxidants to reduce lipid oxidation and increase shelf life. Herbs and spices are natural ingredients widely used not only as a food flavoring but also for their health attributes. The present study is a literature review on the lipid composition of Minas Frescal cheese and the use of natural additives to protect against lipid oxidation. Thus, the use of vegetable sources in Minas Frescal cheese, in addition to providing flavor, aroma, and color, is an option for natural preservatives to replace synthetic additives, and presents antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer compounds, with protective potential against undesirable reactions, corroborating to consumer demand for healthy food.

Este estudo apresenta uma análise comparativa do conteúdo de ácidos carboxílicos e temáticas, por meio da análise de conteúdo categorial de Bardin, entre os dois livros didáticos de Química selecionado pelos cursos Técnicos Integrados de Ensino Médio do Instituto Federal do Paraná — campus Palmas. O objetivo foi evidenciar comparar as duas obras em relação aos conceitos de ácidos carboxílicos e suas possibilidades de contextualização temática. Durante a análise, observaram-se diferenças entre os conceitos abordados e a sua distribuição em relação aos volumes que compõem cada coleção. Destaca-se que os dois livros didáticos contemplam temáticas semelhantes em relação ao meio ambiente, saúde, alimentação e indústria química. Entretanto, são apresentadas por meio de exemplos, principalmente relacionados à motivação, sem explorar a potencialidade da contextualização em discutir a resolução de problemas atuais.

Resumo Fundamento: A adesão à uma alimentação adequada em macronutrientes é fundamental para a prevenção secundária de doenças cardiovasculares. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de adesão às recomendações de consumo de ácidos graxos para prevenção e tratamento de doenças cardiovasculares, e estimar se a presença de determinados fatores de risco cardiovascular estaria associada à adesão. Métodos: Estudo transversal com os dados de linha de base de 2358 participantes do estudo "Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program Trial". Dados de consumo alimentar, e fatores de risco cardiovascular foram avaliados. Foi considerada, de acordo com a Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, uma ingestão adequada de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados (AGPI) ≥10% do consumo total de energia diária, para ácidos graxos monoinsaturados (AGM), 20% e para ácidos graxos saturados (AGS),

Introduction: Lichens are complex organisms conformed by a symbiotic association between algae and fungi; they are haven considerable interest owing to their pharmacological properties. Objectives: To determine chemical composition of the fatty acid (FA) and the percentage of usnic acid (UA), and to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract obtained from the lichens Usnea sp., Thamnolia vermicularis subsp. solida and Ramalina asperula. Materials and Methods: Organic extracts from the three lichens were obtained using a rotary evaporator, soxhlet extractor and ultrasound equipment. The chemical composition of FA was determined by gas chromatography-flame ionisation detector, and the percentage of UA was quantified by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the lichen ethanolic extracts was evaluated against E. coli ATCC 25922, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 11774, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 and S. aureus ATCC 29213 using the diffusion and microdilution methods. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. Results: In the three tested lichens, the identified FAs were palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids; and the obtained percentage of UA was between 0.2 and 1.07 %. All the ethanolic extracts obtained from three lichens showed a high activity against B. subtilis (MIC = 0.5 mg/mL), while the ethanolic extracts obtained from T. vermicularis subsp. solida and R. asperula showed moderate activity against S. aureus ATCC 43300 (MIC = 3 and 1 mg/mL) and S. aureus ATCC29213 (MIC = 4 and 1 mg/mL). Conclusions: Our findings found for the three studied lichens confirmed the presence of some FAs and AU. These species provide an acceptable nutritional content and besides they can be considered as potential antibacterial agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumo Fundamento Vários estudos têm associado o consumo de ácidos graxos saturados (AGSs) com risco cardiovascular, mas ainda existem muitas controvérsias. A maioria desses estudos avaliou os efeitos do ácido palmítico sobre lipídios circulantes. O ácido esteárico geralmente apresenta um efeito neutro sobre os lipídios sanguíneos, mas faltam estudos clínicos avaliando sua relação com marcadores de inflamação e de disfunção endotelial. Objetivos Avaliar a associação de AGSs das hemácias (ácido palmítico e ácido esteárico) com biomarcadores inflamatórios e de disfunção endotelial circulantes. Métodos Estudo transversal que incluiu 79 adultos de ambos os sexos com pelo menos um fator de risco cardiovascular, mas sem eventos prévios (infarto agudo do miocárdio ou acidente vascular cerebral). Biomarcadores plasmáticos – lipídios, marcadores glicometabólicos, proteína C ultrassensível (PCR-us), Interleucina 6 (IL-6), Interleucina 10 (IL-10), Fator de Necrose Tumoral-α (TNF-α), Proteína quimioatraente de Monócitos 1 (MCP-1) – e ácidos graxos das hemácias (ácidos palmítico e esteárico) foram analisados. As associações foram avaliadas por análises de correlações e regressões lineares múltiplas, com significância estatística estabelecida em p

This research aimed to evaluate the profile of fatty acids (saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated) and the cholesterol of lamb meat from the crossing of breeds Santa Inês x Dorper handled in the Campomar Farm and subjected to production systems with Experimental and Conventional diet. We used six lambs from the crossing of Santa Inês x Dorper with experimental diet and 6 without experimental diet, uncastrated male, recently weaned with 15 kg of body weight according to completely randomized design with two treatments and six repetitions. Comparisons of the contrasts between treatment averages were made by the Tukey test at 5% and the analysis of variance according to procedures of SAS (1996). The experimental diet provided to the animals was composed of 100% concentrate in the diet consisting of grain corn + pelleted supplement, sodium chloride, calcium carbonate, dicalcium phosphate and vitamin and mineral supplements, making isoproteic (17% of PB) and isoenergetic (2.95 Mcal/kg of MS of metabolizable energy) diets, according to NRC (2006), while in the conventional diet, the animals were fed large (50%) and concentrate (50%) corn, wheat and soybeans. In the centesimal composition of the palette of lambs subjected to experimental and conventional production systems, only the mineral matter was influenced (P<0.05) with lower value in the experimental system (1.09%) compared to the conventional (1.43%). For the parameters moisture, gross protein and fat and cholesterol (P>0.05) there was no effect of treatments. It was observed that the saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were not affected (P> 0.05) by the treatments, however, the polyunsaturated fatty acid C18:2 (linoleic) was higher (4.72%) in the meat of lambs from the experimental system compared to (3.72%) observed in the meat of lambs reared in the conventional system. The palette of lambs subjected to experimental production and conventional systems, was similar on centesimal composition (exception mineral matter), no significant differences in two treatments studied, the fatty acid profile and cholesterol (with the exception of linoleic acid) in the two treatments evaluated in the palette. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista do Instituto de Laticínios Cândido Tostes is the property of Revista do Instituto de Laticinios Candido Tostes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Foi revisto o metabolismo das gorduras à luz de conhecimento os ultimamente adquiridos, detendo-se o autor no estudo da lipogênese e da lipólise, bem como a interrelação dos ácidos graxos com a glicose na homeostasia da energia metabólica. Analisaram-se as causas da obesidade, destacando-se a predisposição genética que intervem nas anomalias bioquímicas dos ácidos graxos e dos hidratos de carbono. Frisou-se que o tratamento realmente eficaz deve ser preventivo, levando-se em conta, não só os fatores genéticos, mas também os emocionais e sociológicos. Apresentou-se um esquema para o tratamento da obesidade grave por meio do jejum intermitente.

A presença da acidose ruminal subaguda (SARA) nos rebanhos bovinos, principalmente, nos produtores de leite tem uma consequência direta na saúde e bem-estar animal, redução na imuno mediação e lucratividade do setor. A SARA pode ser caracterizada como um quadro clínico em decorrência da fermentação ruminal. Em animais de alta produção, a dieta é balanceada com altos teores de grãos, ricos em carboidratos. Desta forma, a degradação destes carboidratos no rúmen aumenta os teores de ácidos graxos voláteis de cadeia curta e ácido lático. Esse processo leva à uma redução do pH ruminal, abaixo de 5,8 e, por consequência, distúrbio generalizado neste compartimento. Além destes distúrbios no rúmen, a SARA pode reduzir a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes no compartimento intestinal. Ainda mais, a SARA pode provocar outras alterações no epitélio do rúmen e retículo e, como consequência, abcessos em órgãos relacionado como, por exemplo, intestinos, fígado, coração e pulmões. Por fim, este quadro clínico complexo vai provocar o aparecimento da laminite.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Idesia polycarpa fruit blackening on fruit and seed morphological characteristics, oil content, fatty acid content, seed germination rate and physiological properties. Germination tests were conducted under dry and wet storage at 5 °C for 0 d, 20 d, 40 d, 60 d and 80 d. The fruit mass, the 100-grain weight, the moisture content, the oil content of seeds and oleic acid in unsaturated fatty acids of black fruit are significantly lower than red fruit (P < 0.05). The germination rate of black fruit seeds was higher than red under wet storage and the malondialdehyde content of black fruits decreased with increasing storage time. Our results demonstrated that black fruits of I. polycarpa should not be discarded indiscriminately and that the color of the fruits can be chosen according to the purpose of use. Black fruits are picked for species propagation, while red fruits are mainly harvested for oil extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Engenharia na Agricultura is the property of Engenharia na Agricultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal (RBSPA) is the property of Revista Brasileira de Saude e Producao Animal (RBSPA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study identified the effects of dietary supplementation with ractopamine, chromium picolinate, chromium yeast, or an energetic feed restriction on the growth performance and lipid profile of subcutaneous fat, in late finishing gilts. Twenty genetically similar gilts with initial body weight of 105.35 ± 4.77 kg and a final body weight of 131.37 ± 5.58 kg were distributed in a completely randomized block design with five treatments (control; ractopamine: 20 ppm; chromium picolinate: 0.48 ppm; chromium yeast: 0.80 ppm; and energetic feed restriction: -150 kcal kg-1 of metabolizable energy), with four replicates of one animal each. The experimental diets were isonutritives, except for the metabolizable energy level of the diet fed to the group subjected to energy restriction. There were no effects on the growth performance and carcass characteristics. Ractopamine and organic chromium (picolinate and yeast) supplementation increased the concentration of total polyunsaturated fatty acid. The proportion of α-linolenic fatty acids were higher when the diets were supplemented with ractopamine or chromium yeast. The energy restriction increased the n-6:n-3 ratio and reduced α-linolenic acid concentration. Therefore, ractopamine, chromium picolinate, chromium yeast supplementation, and energetic feed restriction did not affect the growth performance or carcass characteristics but altered the lipid profile of subcutaneous fat in finishing gilts. Ractopamine and organic chromium supplementation increased PUFA in the fat of finishing female pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Fat intake during lactation may modify the concentration of vitamin E in human milk, probably because both nutrients are fat soluble and also share similar pathways of distribution, metabolism and molecular action. It is known that the high maternal vitamin E intake through supplementation alters alpha-tocopherol concentration in breast milk, but the relationship with human milk lipids has not yet been studied. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the association between alphatocopherol and total fat in breast milk after maternal supplementation with megadoses of vitamin E. Method: This study is part of a clinical trial composed of lactating women from a public outpatient clinic in the city of Natal, RN, Brasil. The group studied were 26 lactating women from a supplemented group whom were given a single dose of 800 IU of RRR-alpha-tocopherol (588 mg) between 30 and 90 days postpartum. Breast milk was collected before and 24h after supplementation. The food intake was assessed by a 24-hour Dietary Recall, the concentration of alpha-tocopherol was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, and lipid concentration was determined by a creamatocrit analyzer. Results: All participants had inadequate vitamin intake (<16mg). Alpha-tocopherol concentration in milk increased from 294.8 pg/dL to 631.6 pg/dL after supplementation (p = 0.002). No relationship was found between alpha-tocopherol and total fat in breast milk before and after RRR-alpha-tocopherol supplementation. Conclusion: Therefore, vitamin E supplementation did not show a relationship between alpha-tocopherol and total fat in breast milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: Avaliar o consumo de gordura total e ácidos graxos saturados, insaturados e trans por pacientes diabéticos atendidos no Centro de Diabetes e Hipertensão da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Método: estudo transversal com pacientes diabéticos tipo 2, maiores de 18 anos, de ambos os sexos realizado entre os meses de março a junho de 2018. Foram avaliados de forma retrospectiva, dados secundários obtidos através dos prontuários dos pacientes atendidos no ambulatório de Nutrição. A análise do consumo de gorduras totais e ácidos graxos foi obtida por meio do recordatório de 24 horas, aplicado na primeira consulta dos pacientes. Resultados: Foram avaliados 214 pacientes diabéticos tipo 2, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (68,22%). A maioria apresentou excesso de peso (95,33%) e 95,28% estavam com a circunferência abdominal alterada. Em relação ao consumo de gorduras observou-se que a ingestão de gordura total, saturada e poli-insaturada ultrapassou os limites recomendados pela SBD enquanto as monoinsaturadas e trans ficaram dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela diretriz. Segundo características dos pacientes foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas significativas entre o consumo de gordura total e monoinsaturada com relação a escolaridade, demonstrando um maior consumo por quem possuía ensino médio completo ou superior. Também foi encontrada associação entre o consumo de gordura monoinsaturada e trans em relação ao gênero dos pacientes. Conclusão: Verificou-se elevado consumo de gorduras, principalmente a saturada, preditiva de risco para doença coronariana, não atendendo a recomendação proposta pela SBD.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do ácido docosa-hexaenoico (DHA), associado ou não ao Trolox®, na refrigeração de sêmen de garanhões da raça Mangalarga Marchador. Foram refrigerados 10 ejaculados nos diluidores: D1) BotuSêmen® (BS; controle); D2) BS + 30ngmL-1 de DHA (BS30DHA); D3) BS30DHA + 40µM de Trolox® (BS30DHA40T); D4) BS + 50ngmL-1 de DHA (BS50DHA); D5) BS50DHA + 40µM de Trolox® (BS50DHA40T). Após 48 horas de refrigeração, foram avaliados os parâmetros de movimento espermático, a integridade estrutural e funcional da membrana plasmática e a longevidade espermática. Todos os diluidores testados preservaram, de forma semelhante, a motilidade, a linearidade, a retilinearidade, a amplitude do deslocamento lateral da cabeça, a frequência do batimento flagelar cruzado, o percentual de hiperativos e a integridade estrutural e funcional da membrana espermática (P>0,05). O diluidor BS50DHA foi superior ao BS30DHA40T em preservar a VCL e a VSL e foi superior ao BS30DHA40T e ao BS50DHA40T em preservar a VAP e o índice de oscilação (P

Este experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a substituição do óleo de soja, pelo óleo de vísceras de aves para alevinos de tilápia do Nilo. Duzentos alevinos revertidos de tilápia com peso individual aproximado de 0,6 ± 0,11 g foram estocados em aquários de 50 litros, na quantidade de oito peixes por unidade experimental, onde foram alimentados com rações com 6,52% de lipídeos, contendo teores de substituição de 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% de óleo de vísceras de aves pelo óleo de soja como fonte lipídica em dietas práticas por 50 dias. Foram verificados os parâmetros de desempenho, composição de carcaça e teor de ácidos graxos no filé e nas vísceras. As características de desempenho, sobrevivência, ganhas de peso e conversão alimentar não foram influenciadas pela dieta. A composição da carcaça foi influenciada pela fonte lipídica nos teores de umidade e lipídeos. De uma maneira geral o perfil de ácidos graxos das dietas refletiu com diminuição dos ácidos graxos poli-insaturados e aumento nos teores de ácidos graxos saturados e monoinsaturados com a substituição. Portanto, o óleo de frango pode substituir parcial ou integralmente o óleo de soja em dietas práticas para alevinos de tilápia do Nilo sem prejuízo sobre desempenho animal.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of inoculation in egg with sources of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and lauric acid (LA) on hatchability, zootechnical performance and carcass characteristics of quails from one to 35 days of age. On the 7th day of incubation, the eggs were inoculated with 0.05 mL of the supplement according to the treatments, CLA and LA. After birth, the birds were housed in cages until 35 days. A completely randomized design was used, with six treatments and six replicates of 10 birds per cage. The inoculations in eggs with CLA and LA did not interfere in the performance and carcass characteristics of quails at 21 and 35 days of age. However, may be associated with a decrease in egg hatchability. The highest absolute weight of the gizzard was observed at 35 days, from birds inoculated in egg with CLA 240 mg and LA 60 mg in the incubation phase, in comparison to the other treatments. In conclusion, the reduction in hatchability makes it impossible to recommend the use of conjugated linoleic acid and lauric acid - in ovo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hybrids between caiaué and oil palm (IEH OxG) are explored in genetic improvement with the main objective of associating the high palm oil productivity of oil palm with resistance of caiaué to Bud Rot disease. In addition, caiaué has better oil quality and greater resistance to some pests and diseases than oil palm and these characteristics are transmitted to the hybrid between species. Due to fertility problems, IEH OxG plantations require assisted pollination, which raises the production costs. Backcrossings using oil palm as recurrent parent (BC OGxG) are being evaluated as a solution to restore the fertility of IEH OxG, however, the species contrast to physicochemical characteristics of the bunch and to oil composition, therefore, there is a need to observe how these characteristics vary in BC OGxG. Physicochemical characteristics of the bunch and fatty acid composition of the oil produced by 90 plants from an BC OGxG progeny were analysed. A large variation was observed in the progeny, with mean values of 9.0 kg for bunch weight, 46.0% of parthenocarpic fruits in the bunch weight, 72.2% of mesocarp in normal fruit and 86.5% in parthenocarpic fruit, 37.6% of oil in the humid mesocarp of normal fruits and 35.9% in parthenocarpic fruits and 16.4% of oil content in the fresh fruits bunch (FFB). The unsaturated fatty acids oleic (52.5%) and linoleic (10.8%) and the saturated fatty acids palmitic (30.7%) and stearic (4.4 %) stood out in the oil composition. In the progeny BC OGxG is possible to select individuals for high OCB and for a greater or lesser percentage of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids in the oil composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista ION is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Reprodução Animal is the property of Revista Brasileira de Reproducao Animal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of forage palm combined with different forages in the diet of F1 Holstein x Zebu cows, on the quality of Minas Frescal cheese. Two simultaneous 4 x 4 Latin squares were used in the experimental design. The treatments consisted of sorghum silage as the sole forage source; replacement of 50% sorghum silage by forage palm; elephant grass as the only forage source; 50% replacement of elephant grass by forage palm. Milk samples from each cow were analyzed for the chemical composition and the milk was pasteurized for cheese production. The gross and adjusted yields, texture, chemical and sensorial characteristics and fatty acid profile were evaluated. The chemical composition of the cheese was not influenced by the diets, as well as the sum of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, a lower stearic acid content was found in cheese from the milk of cows fed grass with forage palm and a lower value of conjugated linoleic acid for the diet with silage alone. In the consumer preference ranking test, the most preferred cheese was that of the sorghum silage diet and the least preferred was that of the sorghum silage/forage palm diet. In the overall impression, higher scores were assigned to cheeses of the treatments with exclusive silage or elephant grass. The replacement of 50% sorghum silage or elephant grass by the forage palm did not change the chemical composition of the Minas Frescal cheese, however, it modified the profile of fatty acids and decreased the acceptance and preference of cheese by the consumers.

Introdução: A doença de Alzheimer é uma doença crônica neurodegenerativa, sendo o principal tipo de demência existente. Objetivo: Este trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar os efeitos da suplementação com ω-3 na doença de Alzheimer. Metodologia: Foi feita uma revisão sistemática através de uma busca no PubMed e como critério de inclusão adotou-se que seriam utilizados artigos publicados nos últimos 5 anos e estudos originais publicados feitos com humanos. Foram utilizados os seguintes descritores para a busca dos artigos originais no PubMed: Alzheimer´s Disease (Doença de Alzheimer), Omega-3 Fatty Acids (ácidos graxos ω-3) e Dietary Supplementation (suplementação dietética). Ao final foram revisados 10 artigos que atenderam todos os critérios de inclusão. Resultados: A maioria dos estudos analisados mostraram que a suplementação com ω-3 diminuiu os biomarcadores da inflamação em pacientes com Alzheimer, porém a melhora na cognição dependeu de alguns fatores como a dose administrada, a duração da intervenção e em qual estágio da doença começou a suplementação. Discussão: O ω-3 combateu a inflamação presente na maioria dos estudos analisados. Foi verificado também nos resultados dos estudos analisados que a suplementação com o ω-3 possui diversas ações benéficas nos portadores da doença de Alzheimer. Conclusão: Suplementação com o ω-3 promoveu a diminuição do estresse oxidativo e da expressão de proteínas pró-inflamatórias, aumento da expressão de proteínas anti-inflamatórias e inibição ou melhora do declínio cognitivo. ABSTRACT Omega-3 effects in patients with Alzheimer´s disease Introduction: Alzheimer's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disease, and the main type of dementia. Objective: This study aims to present the effects of ω-3 supplementation on Alzheimer's disease. Methodology: A systematic review was made through a PubMed search and as inclusion criterion it was adopted that articles published in the last 5 years and original published studies made with humans would be used. The following descriptors were used to search for original articles in PubMed: Alzheimer's Disease, Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Dietary Supplementation. At the end, 10 articles were reviewed that met all inclusion criteria. Results: Most studies have shown that ω-3 supplementation decreased the biomarkers of inflammation in patients with Alzheimer´s, but the improvement in cognition depended on factors such as the dose administered, the duration of the intervention and at which stage of the intervention. disease began supplementation. Discussion: These results indicate that individuals with Alzhimer´s disease have to look after their lifestyle and this includes eating. The type of food ingested will develop the disease faster or avoid its development. ω-3 supplementation could help in most studies to fight Alzheimer´s progression although a few studies showed no influence of the usage of ω-3. Conclusion: Supplementation with ω-3 promoted the reduction of oxidative stress, and the expression of pro-inflammatory proteins, increased expression of anti-inflammatory proteins and inhibition or amelioration of cognitive decline.

Asteraceae family is as an interesting target for researching natural alternatives for crop protection. Many species from this family grow as weeds, and some of them can influence the development of other species by the allelopathy phenomenon. This paper aimed to review the literature for the main genera and species of the Asteraceae family with allelopathic or phytotoxic potential, as well as the classes of secondary metabolites present in this family and responsible for such activity. Artemisia, Ambrosia, Bellis, Bidens, Helianthus and Tagetes were identified as the main genera with phytotoxic or allelopathic activity. Among the secondary metabolites from this family, terpenes, polyacetylenes, saponins, sesquiterpene lactones, phenolic acids and flavonoids were described as responsible for inhibiting the development of other species. In addition, the phytotoxic potential of Acmella oleracea and Sphagneticola trilobata against the weeds Calopogonium mucunoides. and Ipomoea purpurea was described for the first time. At 0.2 mg/mL, crude extract and fractions of A. oleracea inhibited above 60% of C. mucunoides root growth. Hydroalcoholic extract and fractions of S. trilobata, except hexane, significantly affected I. purpurea root growth, ranging from 38 ± 14% to 59 ± 8% of inhibitory effect at different concentrations (0.19 mg/mL to 1.13 mg/mL). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the maternal diet quality and the fatty acid composition of breast milk in the first trimester of lactation. Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional epidemiological study of nursing mothers. The data collection instruments were a semi-structured questionnaire for sample characterization and a recall of usual intake. Diet quality was assessed based on the healthy eating index (HEI). Samples of mature breast milk were obtained by hand milking. Milk fat was extracted using the Bligh- Dyer method and methylated with 0.25 mol/L sodium methoxide in methanol diethyl ether. A gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector determined the milk fatty acid profile. Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation tests evaluated association between the variables. Subsequently, a multiple linear regression model was built and multivariate regression analysis was applied. Results: Our findings revealed an inverse relationship between the consumption of total fruits and the polyunsaturated fatty acid profile and a direct association of the intake of total fruits and total grains with monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that maternal diet quality affects the fatty acid composition of breast milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introdução: A sepse é uma síndrome de grande prevalência, que causa altas morbidade e mortalidade. Terapêuticas adjuntas ao tratamento clínico convencional devem ser estudadas a fim de minimizar os efeitos da sepse. Objetivo: Investigar o efeito da suplementação com óleo de peixe (OP), rico em ômega-3, sobre as funções renal e pulmonar, a mortalidade e o estresse oxidativo de ratos com sepse. Metodologia: A sepse foi induzida por punção e ligadura cecal (CLP). O ômega (1 g/kg/dia, via oral) foi administrado, sete dias antes da CLP. Foram estudados os grupos Sham (CLP sem OP, n=10) e CLP+OP (suplementado com OP, n=10). Foram analisados o estresse oxidativo, e a histologia pulmonar e renal, quanto à sua estrutura e presença de polimorfinucleares (PMN), índice de edema pulmonar, função renal e sobrevida em 72 horas. Resultados: O estresse oxidativo não foi diferente para o grupo CLP +OP (p=0,06). A histologia, quanto à estrutura, evidenciou que o grupo suplementado com OP teve menor lesão estrutural, tanto no tecido pulmonar quanto no renal, entretanto, a contagem de polimorfinucleares (PMN) não foi diferente entre os grupos, para ambos os sistemas. O índice de edema pulmonar, embora menor no grupo CLP+OP, não foi significativamente diferente do encontrado no grupo Sham (p=0,59). Não houve alterações quanto à melhora da sobrevivência causada pela suplementação com OP. A função renal, estudada pela ureia e pela creatinina, não foi diferente entre os grupos. Conclusão: A suplementação com óleo de peixe (OP), neste estudo, não melhorou as condições renais, pulmonares e de mortalidade de ratos com sepse.

Objetivou-se avaliar a ingestão de matéria seca, digestibilidade dos nutrientes, produção e composição do leite e a eficiência alimentar de vacas alimentadas com silagens de grãos de milho com adição de okara ou de soja crua. Foram utilizadas 6 vacas da raça Holandesa, distribuídas em um duplo quadrado latino, nos seguintes tratamentos: concentrado formulado à base de silagem de grãos de milho com adição de 30% de okara; concentrado com silagem de grãos de milho com adição de 20% de soja crua e concentrado à base de grãos secos de milho. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio de Inferência Bayesiana. As dietas formuladas com as silagens diminuíram o consumo de matéria seca em relação à dieta com concentrado à base de grãos secos. Foi verificada maior digestibilidade da MS, MO, CNF e EE para as dietas com a inclusão das silagens. Houve aumento do CLA no leite para a dieta com silagem de grãos de milho com adição de soja. A ensilagem de grãos de milho reidratados com adição de soja ou okara diminui o consumo de matéria seca, aumenta a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, mantendo a mesma produção de leite, o que demonstra superioridade na eficiência destas dietas.

Com o objetivo de avaliar a substituição do óleo de soja, pelo óleo de tilápia e pelo óleo de vísceras de frango para alevinos de tilápia do Nilo, foram utilizados 240 alevinos revertidos de tilápia com peso individual aproximado de 0,6 ± 0,11 g que foram estocados em 30 aquários de 50 litros (6 tratamentos x 5 repetições), na quantidade de 8 unidades /aquário, onde foram alimentados com rações com 6,5% de lipídeos, contendo óleo de soja (OS), óleo de tilápia (OT), óleo de vísceras de aves (OF) e suas misturas em partes iguais OS+OT, OS+OF, OT+OF como fontes lipídicas em dietas práticas por 50 dias. Foram verificados os parâmetros de desempenho, composição de carcaça e teor de ácidos graxos no filé e nas vísceras. As características de desempenho, sobrevivência, ganho de peso, e conversão alimentar não foram influenciadas pela dieta (P > 0,01). A composição da carcaça, no filé e vísceras, foi influenciada pela fonte lipídica nos teores de umidade e lipídeos. De uma maneira geral o perfil de ácidos graxos refletiu os das dietas com diminuição corporal dos ácidos graxos poliinsaturados e aumento nos teores de ácidos graxos saturados e monoinsaturados com a substituição. Portanto o óleo de tilápia, e o óleo de frango, podem substituir parcial ou integralmente o óleo de soja em dietas práticas para alevinos de tilápia do Nilo.

Os óleos são substâncias imiscíveis com a água, podem ser encontrados nas formas animal, vegetal ou mineral. Os óleos vegetais podem ser obtidos através de sementes naturais, a exemplos pode-se citar a mamona, canola, soja, buriti, girassol entre outros, possuem triglicerídeos em sua composição, sendo estes formados devido a ligação de moléculas glicerol com ácidos graxos. A presença de óleos vegetais na dieta de equinos vem se tornando comum para rotina do criador, visando aumentar a digestibilidade do animal e por ser uma fonte de energia, dentre as principais vantagens da utilização de óleos vegetais na dieta de equinos pode-se citar a diminuição do uso de energia para produção de calor pelo animal, o aumento da performance principalmente em animais atletas, diminuição do consumo de alimento (carboidratos, que em excesso podem predispor a laminite, cólica e a obesidade), água, melhora da condição corporal do equino e fornecimento de ácidos graxos essenciais. O objetivo desta revisão de literatura é demonstrar a importância da utilização dos óleos vegetais na dieta de equinos, as vantagens de se introduzir óleos vegetais além de descrever como ocorre o metabolismo no organismo de equinos. Este campo de pesquisa tem despertado o interesse de diversos profissionais atualmente, enfocando principalmente as maiores exigências nutricionais associadas com o melhor desempenho dos animais.

Carica papaya lipases are biocatalysts with potential for lipid bioconversion. This research studied the lipolitic activity (LA) of the crude powder (P3) and protease-free (CPL-p) fractions of C. papaya latex on Bactris guineensis (corozo) oil. Latex and oil were obtained from agro-industrial waste. A composite central design allowed to establish the temperature (T) and pH effect on LA of P3 and CPL-p; thermal, pH stabilities and kinetic parameters were also determined. The maximum LA were 722,43 ± 1,92 U/g (T= 40°C y pH= 9) and 518,65 ± 4,70 U/g (T = 54°C y pH= 8) for P3 and CPL-p respectively. P3 showed higher affinity (KM = 1,3x104 ± 1,3x103 µM y Vmax = 18,66 ± 0,47 µmol/min) compared to CPL-p (KM = 2,6x104 ± 1,1x103 µM y Vmax = 16,58 ± 0,08 µmol/min); similarly, greater efficiency in hydrolysis, due to the high content of medium chain fatty acids (lauric and miristic acid > 80%). As a conclusion, the fraction P3 is an efficient biocatalyst for the bioconversion of corozo oil, demonstraring that the residues of these fruits are valuable resources for its production chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piper betle L. is edible plant richer in polyphenols that might improve feed utilization in rumen diet. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of various Piper betle L. powder (PL) doses on in vitro rumen microorganisms, ruminai biogas and fermentation end-product production, and biohvdrogenation including lipolysis-isomerization. The completely randomized design used five levels of PL supplementation (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg DM) incubated with 400 mg of a basal substrate of Pangóla hay and concentrate (50:50). The matrix compounds (g/kg DM) of 0.27 ccitechin, 0.11 rutin, 3.48 quercetin, 0.41 ctpigenin, 0.04 myricetin, 0.27 kaempferol, 0.76 eugenol and 0.22 caryophyllene derived from PL altered the fermentation pattern, with an increase in degradable nutrients and total volatile fatty acids and acetogenesis without shifting pH duringfermentation. These values promoted in vitro gas production, with higher carbon dioxide and lower methane production. Although, hydrogen recovery from lipolysis-isomerization in biohvdrogenation was limited, PL successfully promoted stearic acid (C18:0) accumulation by changing the biohydrogenation pathway of fatty acids, causing more C18:l trans-11 rather than C18:2 trans-11, cis-15. Consequently, this resulted in more conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) cis-9, trans-11, CLA trans-10, cis-12 and CLA trans-11, cis-13. Enhanced PL supply increased total bacteria and fungal zoospores due to a reduction in rumen protozoa. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that PL is a feed additive with potential for ruminants, promising improved ruminai fermentation and biohydrogenation, while reducing methane production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to determine the content of bioactive substances of lipid fractions extracted from Bertholletia excelsa, Lecythis pisonis and Dipteryx lacunifera, in by the interest of better identifying the quality of these raw materials. Proximate composition of nuts was determined by official methods and total carbohydrate was calculated by difference. The oils were extracted from the nuts by cold pressing and analyzed for fatty acid composition, tocopherols, phytosterols and total carotenoids and phenolics compounds. The fatty acid composition of oil extracted from L. pisonis was more unsaturated compared with others oils. L. pisonis oil showed to be richer in total tocopherol and γ-tocopherol, moreover showed considerable total phytosterol and carotenoid amounts, thus representing an important source of vitamins A and E. The oils showed significant content of phenolic compounds, with the exception of the oil extracted from D. lacunifera. The study revealed that the oils from Brazilian nuts contain bioactive compounds in relevant quantities, L. pisonis oil standing out. This fact favors their use for food and, as raw material in chemical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, adding value to products derived from these oils, increasing the viable sources of raw materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to determine the physicochemical properties of fruits and almond of native baru (Dypteryx alata Vog.) from Goiás state. For biometric analysis, fruits from six different localities of the state were selected. The determination of moisture content was performed by direct drying in an oven with forced circulation of hot air. Fat determination was performed by Soxhlet method, protein content by modified Kjedahl method and characterization of fatty acids extracted from baru almond by GC-MS. It can be observed that the greatest variability in biometric parameters is related to the fruit and almond mass. Of the phenotypic variables evaluated, the highest correlation was between fresh fruit mass and fruit thickness (0.839) and the lowest correlation between fruit thickness and fresh almond mass (0.267). Almonds had a high content of lipids (35.98%) and proteins (22%). The average moisture content found was 6.52% and gray 2.64%. For all almond oil samples analyzed, the major fatty acids were oleic, palmitic, linoleic and stearic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito da inclusão de óleo de linhaça na dieta de ovelhas lactentes sobre a qualidade nutricional e sensorial de iogurtes. Para a fabricação dos iogurtes foram utilizando 3 litros de leite de ovelha de cada tratamento, sendo o primeiro elaborado com leite de ovelhas que não receberam durante a lactação, a adição de óleo de linhaça a dieta e o segundo, fabricado com leite obtido de ovelhas que receberam a suplementação de 3% de óleo de linhaça no concentrado da dieta. Foram avaliados a composição química e perfil de ácidos graxos do leite obtido nos dois tratamentos bem como teste sensorial, além da intenção de compra dos iogurtes. Os resultados mostraram que ambos os iogurtes desenvolvidos apresentaram teores semelhantes de gordura, proteína, sólidos totais, umidade e cinzas (P>0,05). No entanto, houve maior concentração de ácidos graxos ômega 3 nos iogurtes fabricados com leite obtidos de ovelhas que receberam suplementação lipídica (P0,05). O emprego de 3% de óleo de linhaça na dieta de ovelhas em lactação pode ser recomendado como alternativa de manejo alimentar de ovelhas leiteiras, pois proporciona a obtenção de iogurte de adequado valor nutricional e características sensoriais, bem como, boa aceitação e intenção de compra, demonstrando ser um produto promissor ao segmento lácteo.

Abstract Recently, in Brazil, coloured-tegument soybean cultivars have been developed, such as those with brown and black teguments. Soybeans with black teguments have been widely used for decades due to their health benefits and their use in oriental folk medicine as a result of the presence of phytochemicals. They have been recognized as health-promoting functional food ingredients due to their antioxidant activity, and are also known to have anti-cancer, hypoglycaemic and anti-inflammatory effects and have been used in the treatment of various circulatory disorders. This study aimed to determine the proximate composition, fatty acid levels and lipoxygenase activity of soybean lineages with different tegument colours intended for human consumption. The lineage MGBR10-16601 which has a yellow tegument, presented the highest protein and lowest fat contents, with values of 37.6 g 100 g-1 and 18.3 g 100 g-1, respectively. The lineage MGBR10-16201, which also has a yellow tegument, was identified as free of lipoxygenase isoenzymes. The unsaturated fatty acid levels ranged from 18.48 to 31.37 mg g-1 and from 47.36 to 58.31 mg g-1 for oleic and linoleic acids, respectively. The lineage BRN07-50543, which has a black tegument, presented high total isoflavone levels (546 mg 100 g-1), with an oleic acid level above and linoleic acid level below the standards established by the Codex Alimentarius for soybean oil, with values of 31.37 mg g-1 and 47.36 mg g-1, respectively. The cultivar BRSMG 790A, which has a yellow tegument, presented the lowest isoflavone level (171.4 mg 100 g-1). All the genetic materials examined presented crude protein, fat, dietary fibre and ash levels within the commercial parameters established for soybeans.

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da palma forrageira em associação a diferentes volumosos, na dieta de vacas F1 Holandês x Zebu, sobre a qualidade do queijo Minas Frescal. No delineamento experimental foram utilizados dois quadrados latinos 4 x 4, simultâneos. Os tratamentos foram assim definidos: silagem de sorgo como única fonte volumosa; substituição de 50% da silagem de sorgo por palma forrageira; capim-elefante como única fonte volumosa; substituição de 50% do capim-elefante pela palma forrageira. As amostras de leite de cada vaca foram analisadas quanto à composição química e o leite foi pasteurizado para fabricação do queijo, sendo avaliados rendimentos bruto e ajustado, textura, características químicas e sensoriais e perfil de ácidos graxos. A composição química do queijo não foi influenciada pelas dietas, assim como os somatórios de ácidos graxos saturados, monoinsaturados e poli-insaturados. Entretanto, menor teor do ácido esteárico foi observado no queijo proveniente do leite das vacas alimentadas com capim com palma e menor valor de ácido linoleico conjugado para dieta com apenas silagem. No teste de ordenação de preferência pelos consumidores, o queijo mais preferido foi o da dieta com silagem de sorgo e o menos preferido o da dieta com silagem de sorgo/palma. Na impressão global, maiores notas foram dadas para os queijos dos tratamentos com silagem e capim-elefante exclusivos. A substituição de 50% da silagem de sorgo ou capim-elefante pela palma forrageira não alterou composição química do queijo Minas Frescal, entretanto, modificou o perfil de ácidos graxos e diminuiu aceitação e preferência dos queijos pelos consumidores.

Objetivos: determinar a composição em ácidos graxos do leite maduro de nutrizes e sua distribuição segundo algumas variáveis maternas. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico observacional, transversal realizado a partir da avaliação do perfil de ácidos graxos do leite humano maduro. Amostras de leite materno maduro foram obtidas de 106 nutrizes, a partir da 5a semana pós-parto, por meio de ordenha manual. A extração da gordura do leite foi realizada através do método de Bligh e Dyer, e metiladas com metóxido de sódio 0,25 mol/L em metanol dietil - éter. O perfil de ácidos graxos do leite foi determinado por um Cromatógrafo a Gás equipado com detector por ionização de chamas. Resultados: dentre os ácidos graxos saturados, foram observados valores mais elevados para os ácidos graxos palmítico (C16:0), esteárico (C18:0), mirístico (C14:0) e láurico (C12:0), respectivamente. Entre os ácidos graxos mono-insaturados, verificou-se maior contribuição dos ácidos graxos oleico (C18:1) e palmitoleico (C16:1), respectivamente. O total de ácidos graxos essenciais (linoleico e a- linolênico) foi de 14,94%. Conclusões: foi observado baixo teor de ácidos graxos essenciais no leite materno das nutrizes do presente estudo, que são importantes para o crescimento e desenvolvimento do lactente, sugerindo-se a necessidade de implementação de estratégias de educação nutricional direcionadas a gestantes e nutrizes que devem ser orientadas a consumir alimentos mais saudáveis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Universitas Scientiarum is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Brazil has the largest herd of goats of the American continent, with more than 9 million head. Goat farming is considered a growing and important activity for the economy, mainly in the northeastern region of Brazil .In this research, were determined the lipid content and the composition of fillet and shank fatty acids of young goats, registered in the inspection sector of the Ministry of Agriculture and marketed in the city of Salvador (Bahia). The average percentage of total lipids in the fillet was 1.68±0.04 and in the shank of 4.02±0.09, this is a significant difference between the cuts (P<0.05). Twenty-seven (27) fatty acids were identified in the cuts, most are palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0) and oleic acid (C18:1ω9) present in 21.32%, 20.39%, 34.49% in the fillet and 21.74%, 21.94%, 33.38% in the shank, respectively. The total sums of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids ranged of 42.75 to 45.23% and 14.04 to 12.35% between fillet and shank cuts, respectively. The ratio of PUFA/SFA was 0.35 for fillet and 0.15 for shank, and the ratio ω6/ω3 was 3.07 for fillet and 2.27 for shank. Therefore, is a significant difference in total lipid content and fatty acid composition in commercial cuts of beef fillet and shank. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]