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This essay shows that the character of Tevi is not homogenous but a conglomerate of shifting topoi. The tannaitic Tevi is pious, the amoraic Tevi is learned, and a Tevi as portrayed in an episode in Leviticus Rabbah is a smart-mouth. This last shift hints at a different character who has merged into the Tevi cycle: the episode in Leviticus Rabbah parallels an anecdote that appears in the Life of Aesop that has received little scholarly attention. The parallel highlights the shifting nature of Tevis and the transformation of Tevi into something of an Aesop figure: the clever slave who can answer power with wit. The connections between the rabbinic and Greek traditions are, in this instance, prolonged. An ancient reworking of the Leviticus Rabbah episode alters the narrative in ways that align more closely with a different version of the Greek tradition, erasing Tevi and his wisdom from the story. Much like Aesop, the rabbinic slave figure becomes uncannily wise and subsequently—or consequently—disappears. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Standard arguments that usually draw on the premises, which are taken for granted and adequate to accept the end, are called topoi. This strategy is closely associated with the process of rejecting immigration by American politicians. American politicians use the strategy of topoi extensively to criticize each other on the one hand and to convince public opinion and the audience of their opinions on the other hand. In particular, former US President Donald Trump employed the strategy of topoi in an unconventional and intense manner, in various ways and methods, in order to disparage, criticize, and attack his political opponents for the purposes of winning the vote in the US presidential elections. He focused his attention on the issue of immigration and the immigrants, and the negatives resulting from the mismanagement of the immigration file by his political opponents, as he made it a pretext to overthrow the opponents. To achieve this, one time, he uses speech acts; another time, he uses the implicature and another time, he uses figures of speech. All these employments are under the general name of pragmatics. In this consideration, the study tries to shed light on this strategy employed by Trump by exploring the implicit motivations behind employing it. For this purpose, the study develops an eclectic model that integrates two approaches. The first one is Searle (1979), on which the study relies on the pragmatic analysis, and the second is Reisigl and Wadak (2001), on which the study relies on the analysis of topoi as a discursive strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pink pages of the Petit Larousse illustré constitute a familiar corpus, widely consulted by readers whether they are Latinists or not. These pages are not limited to Latin and widely accept Greek, English, German or Italian. Latin language is however predominant, for the reason that the use of the mother tongue expresses the proverbial wisdom of the ancients. This wisdom is partially understood by all due to the proximity of the word to the Romance language and its etymon. At the origin of Romanity, Latin can thus express advice for the use of all, legal concepts, proverbs, situational sentences, easy to place in conversations and agreeable to translate and gloss, while showing pleasantly its culture. This is one of the causes of their favour. All proverbs must be based on some authority. The proverb in Latin requires a translation, if the words it contains are far from their development in the Romance language. This study will analyze the corpus of the dictionary, classify its entries typologically and consider some aspects of their use, emphasizing the rather traditional wisdom they contain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the human-animal relations in medieval hagiographic texts. It attributes the commonness of friendly interspecies relationships in hagiographic texts to the use of topoi and goodness of saints to animals. It describes ethical literary animal studies as capable of providing tools and methods for shaping society to meet or acknowledge the needs of non-human animals. Also noted is the role of ecolinguistic methods as a significant source of inspiration for literary studies.

The article offers information on Classical topomythopoiesis, a place-making tradition that involves both imitation (mimesis) and imaginative creation (phantasia). Topics discussed include renewal of interest in Classical myths as source-material for the iconography of gardens; emphasis on the topoi of mountain and cave that gradually transformed from natural settings of ritual to artificial places of delight; and distinction between Greek settings and the ensuing garden design tradition.

This essay examines the Russian-language novel Mark Sheider (2009) by the Ukrainian author Dmitrii Savochkin in the context of the classical American and European (Émile Zola, Upton Sinclair, George Orwell), as well as Russo-Ukrainian (Aleksandr Kuprin, Larisa Reisner, Vasilii Grossman, Boris Gorbatov, Fridrikh Gorenshtein) writing about mining. It identifies some topoi common to mining fiction and non-fiction. It also considers the Russo-Ukrainian versions of such topoi, with a special focus on extractivism represented as a form of rebordering. Wolfgang Iser's concept of fictional representation provides the article with the principal theoretical framework for the analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poetry of the contemporary Serbian poet Novica Tadić continues and expands upon the poetics and aesthetics of the medieval, Byzantine, and early Christian epochs. In this paper, we deal with texts in which we note the presence of particular medieval topoi. First, we examine the role of the topos of humility and sinfulness in which the author, in the manner of a medieval scribe, defines himself as inadequate and unworthy. We observe this topos through the connection of the principles of authorship in medieval and contemporary literature. Within the topos of creation, we identify commonplaces where scribal problems are communicated, and where the saints, especially the Virgin Mary, are invoked to help with earthly grievances. Considering the fact that Tadić's poetry is characterized by an ambivalent relationship towards every type of literature and tradition, we shall try to shed light on the possible meanings of these topoi in relation to his authorial poetics, which science most often deems autochthonous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several novels George Sand wrote during the 1840s -- when her political view was progressively becoming more radical -- are centred on characters promoting a utopian socialist project without actually belonging to utopian fiction. This article intends to explore semantic scope and fictional use of some recurring narrational themes such as the "park", the "dream" and the "convivial table". These themes work as real literary topoi condensing and expressing a utopian meaning. By interweaving with commonplaces belonging to the utopian tradition, they renew them with respect to the emerging spiritual power ascribed to poets and in the light of the new romantic sensibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article employs the topographical metaphors of terrain and territory to examine how, upon the 2015 death of Cecil the lion at the hands of the dentist Walter Palmer, outrage was channeled into and captured by digital topoi. Digital rhetoric is organized into a topical system that is topographical, composed of not just "places" but "levels" that organize and orient rhetorical expressions into particular topoi. Users "navigate" and "move" through the channels of the digital topical system, and in the process arrive at or pass by topoi. I further argue that the digital topical system is composed of the terrain of digital spaces and the territory of global capitalism. The terrain of digital spaces shapes digital rhetoric through material affordances, cultural conventions, and the power of institutional logics. Digital rhetoric is further shaped by the macro-level territorial accretions of political and economic power in Empire. By mapping the topoi present in the case of Cecil the lion's death, I show how scholars can better understand and articulate the ways that power ossifies into a digital topical system that shapes contemporary discourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key public health officials in the United States have been criticized for their work in the Ebola outbreak of 2014-15 by citizens, public officials, and health scholars from multiple disciplines. There are numerous grounds for these complaints, but underlying many of them was the perception of "failed leadership" that is here traced in substantial part to the embodiment of a positionality based in a presumed logos-based power instead of an ethos- based relationship between public health expert and public. Because any leader's public ethos is dependent on the cultural ethos of audiences who promote them to leadership, this essay combines the Aristotelian topoi for ethos (goodsense, goodwill, goodness) and contemporary redefinitions of ethos as cultural-level phenomena (either "dwellingplaces," ideologies, or ethical and cultural codes) to conceptualize ethos as the activation, rebuilding, or maintenance of relationships among different social positions: publics and institutions. The complexities of the Ebola epidemic--with its national and international dimensions and its partially faulty scientific grounding--make visible the predisposition toward positional gaps between publics and public experts regarding interests (eunoia) and goods (arête), with concomitant difficulties for the sharing of practical wisdom (phronesis). Aristotle was correct that such gaps cannot be bridged by logos, and the pervasive insistence on more logos as corrective therefore may contribute to public mistrust of all expertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses a topical, rhetorical approach to analyze how climate change denial circulates online through the 25 most popular posts on the Watts Up With That and the Global Warming Policy Forum Facebook pages. These groups adopt the appearance of credibility through reposting and hyperlinking, thus establishing a supportive, networked space among other skeptical sites, while distancing readers from original sources of scientific information. Visitors use a variety of rhetorical strategies to echo posts' main themes and to discredit alternative viewpoints. Differences between the topoi and rhetorical strategies of WUWT and the GWPF show that the climate change denial community is multifaceted and makes use of social media affordances to craft the appearance of legitimacy. This project contributes to our knowledge of how scientific information is co-opted, manipulated, and circulated in online spaces and how online features shape environmental discourse practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contrary to the current communis opinio, this paper argues that Aristotle does not distinguish between common and specific topoi in the Rhetoric. Rather, he distinguishes two sources of rhetorical deductions, one of them being topoi and the other definitions or definition-like accounts. Whereas the knowledge of topoi belongs to the expertise of a rhetor or a dialectician, definitions properly belong to specific arts and sciences. In Rhet. I,4-II,17, Aristotle deals with both sources (referred to as "elements") in view of the three kinds of rhetoric - deliberative, epideictic, and juridical - and provides a list of premisses pertaining to each of these kinds, always starting with those based on definitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Signata is the property of Presses Universitaires de Liege and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Combining a sensual celebration of love with a well-established tradition of allegorical exegesis, the Song of Songs, one of the most poetic and debated among the biblical books, is a text that has played a crucial role in the shaping of love language since the very beginning of Western vernacular literature. Among the many Song-derived topoi, the controversial one of the “black but comely” beloved (Song 1:4-5) proved particularly appealing to Shakespeare. As this study will reveal, not only is the biblical passage echoed in many of his works (1 Henry VI, The Merchant of Venice, Love’s Labour’s Lost, Antony and Cleopatra, The Sonnets), but it is endowed with a particularly significant role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patrick Colm Hogan's newly published monograph Beauty and Sublimity; A Cognitive Aesthetics of Literature and the Arts aims to explore, among others, the architectural substratum underlying miscellaneous aesthetic responses in literature and the arts, and, by having recourse to a dialogue with cognitive science, enables the previously "unspoken beauty" to secure an unprecedented cognitive attention. This review, on the one hand, focuses and elaborates upon such three crucial topoi as "information processing & emotion system," "aesthetic universals & the diversity of taste," and "variation, canonization & aesthetic argument," as illustrated in Hogan's work, and, on the other, takes issue with a few research trajectories arising in the present literary cognition studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is based on reciprocal relatedness as a fundamental principle of image comprehension. It focuses on the interactive nature of understanding images. It turns out that so far the different topoi of superficial seeing and thorough looking have not been considered. In a manner of speaking, they constitute the starting point for mutual perceptions with the goal of relating to or triggering intersubjective discourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on tracking the idyllic topoi in historiosophical work by Jozef Miloslav Hurban Slovensko a jeho život literárny/Slovakia and its Literary Life, in which Slovak literary science emphasized the idea of continuity of the development of Slovak culture and literature. The deconstruction of the idyllic topoi shows that it is the idyll that is the important part of the ideological construction of Hurban´s work. The idyllic topoi in connection with mystification of the past enabled him to create the idea of continuity between the present times and the Great Moravian cultural legacy. The idyllic codes can be found in Hurban´s depiction of the Slovak territory, Slovak nation, and its cultural evolution. The ethic and esthetic values of the idyll became the base of Slovaks´ created collective identity. The idyllic language is part of the Romantic national myths, especially the myth of folksiness, the Great Moravian myth and the myth of the thousand-year-long yoke. Hurban´s idea of continuity of national culture, the connection between the „cradle of Slavs“ and the writer´s present times, and especially the utopia of Slavic future in the form of „Slavic heaven“ is based on idyllic topoi and Slovak Romantic myths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The notion of tópos, conceived as a principle shared by a community, has a central place in the treatises of rhetoric from Greco-Roman antiquity. This concept is also relevant, we believe, in literary discourse and it allows to establish a connections between literature and rhetoric. While comparative literature tends to disassociate this notion from its persuasive function, we understand that the tópoi have a complex function in ancient comedy: the tópoi are literary motifs, but also adopt an argumentative purpose. Aristophanes' comedy, in particular, advocates certain political ideas, using a series of tópoi, either in the form of statements or character types. The tópoi are then used in both oratory and comedy with persuasive purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caitlín R. Kiernan and Laird Barron are acclaimed and influential writers of the early twenty-first century resurgence of weird fiction. But a common critical response to their writing is that they have achieved their powerful effects only by transcending the influence of the work of H. P. Lovecraft. This article argues that, while it is important to move past Lovecraft’s often regressive stance, to inherit topoi from him is not necessarily to take on the more negative aspects of his personal ideology. Although his ideology was reactionary, aspects of his poetics were radical and progressive. In fact, he himself derived many of his tropes from earlier writers whose worldviews differed radically from his – the topoi were not formed by his ideology. Kiernan and Barron have used these topoi to address contemporary concerns in a progressive manner maintaining fidelity to what Benjamin Noys has called the ‘Lovecraft event’, while breaking with his reactionary attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Some approaches to invention use a version of the classical topoi as a conceptual framework for rhetorical invention. Because of the close relationship that exists between the topoi and figurative language, this article theorizes that the four master tropes can provide a conceptual framework not only for rhetorical invention, but also as principles of selection for constructing entire discourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates the contributions made by A. D. Deyermond and Manuel Alvar to the study of wonder tale topoi in the Libro de Apolonio (c. 1250), a Spanish translation and variant of the Historia Apollonii Regis Tyri (c. 400-500). In addition, it provides folktale types and motifs that have a thematic bearing on numerous episodes found in the Spanish romance, heretofore not mentioned by the two critics cited above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores Alexander Moritz Frey's use of topoi from the fable genre to satirize the political right during the Weimar Republic, particularly in its most extreme form, National Socialism. It focuses on four short narrative texts, two of them still unpublished, which attack militarism, expansionist politics, and the Nazi doctrines of racial purity and eugenics. We argue that Frey adapts the fable's techniques of defamiliarization, reductio ad absurdum, and especially its conflation of the animal and the human, to expose what he regarded as the most pernicious effect of fascism: its degradation of the human to brute beast, domestic animal, even inanimate tool. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article focuses on significance of rhetorical framework for augmentation of different industrial design services. Topics discussed include illustration of argumentation over rhetorical impact on designing process by author Richard Buchanan; usage of approaches related to arguments introduced by rhetorician Hermogenes in designing process; significance of topoi rhetoric methods in designing methods as well as design educational practices; and utilization of topoi practices in management of questions related to student project over several approaches such as aesthetics.

This article deals with the transformation of the island topos. The island is frequently depicted as a paradise and prison in English literature and the article elaborates on the transformation of the two topoi. Prior to the depiction of the transformation, the article deals with perceptions and attitudes people have associated with islands throughout history. The core part of the article describes the process of the island transformation. It also points out the significant geographical features of islands which help to change the perception of the environment. Works by English authors such as, The Magus, Utopia, Web, Robinson Crusoe and Gulliver's Travels are used in order to help illustrate the processes of this transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the vast bibliography devoted to martyrdom in Islam the issue of the martyr's corporeity has received comparatively little attention. This article focuses on the exceptional features medieval texts ascribed to martyrs' bodies, especially after their death on the battlefield. It examines a set of topoi through which Islamic religious literature differentiated these martyrs from other dead, using a sublimate and extraordinary corporeity as a sign of their spiritual excellence. Finally, the article takes into account some extreme developments of this attitude, well-represented in a ḥadīṯ (collected in Ibn al-Mubārak's Kitāb al-ǧihād) stating that the martyr will be given a new, most beautiful, body immediately after death. In the conclusion the article raises the question of the relevance of these themes to contemporary representations of martyrdom where images of martyrs' bodies play a central role in the quest for legitimacy of religious, national or political communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to analyse the different narratives implied in 2 Maccabees 6 and 7 in order to explicate the significance of both the dominant and challenging narratives (i.e. the rising hegemony of Hellenism in the Maccabean period and the subsequent Jewish counterattack involving certain altered theological viewpoints). It further investigates the social problems behind these narratives (e.g. the Jewish religion losing members and the fact that the bodies of the Jewish nation were viewed as being inferior). In addition, attention is given to the pointers in the text for managing this problem referring to successful outcomes for this new master narrative in the past. It is argued that the Jewish religion was quite inventive by borrowing (ironically) from Hellenism. To do this the narrative therapeutic approach as used by Epston and White was applied to 2 Maccabees 6 and 7 which resulted in a new and quite unique interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THE ARTICLE INTRODUCES AN EMPIRICAL APPROACH to studying music's extrinsic meanings, based on the idea of musical topos as a set of musical entities that is delimited and furnished with meaning by extramusical associations in a listener population. The proposed methodology involves free, associative responses as well as responses on semantic variables addressing the imagery. After deriving potential topical structures for a given musical domain from the quantitative results, the structures are substantiated by using them to guide a rule-based, qualitative analysis of the free responses. The approach allows a view to the topical organization of a musical domain in which the identity of each musical topos is fixed in extrinsic terms, by a set of semantic fields that is unique to the topos in question. An application of the approach to contemporary "motivational" production music yields an organization of such semantic fields into three topical categories- INTIMACY, POTENCY, AND SPEED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reports on the results of an exploratory study into the topical organisation and stylistic features of argumentation in a corpus of ophthalmic clinical research papers. The study responds to the need for systematised and generalisable argumentation models in knowledge-intensive fields. We present here a schematised superstructure of the arguments from the corpus, charting the configurations of stylistic features, which signal the elements of this superstructure, epistemic topoi. We pay special attention to the role of lexical categories (or semantic fields) in the configurations, to the relations between the fields, and to their interactions with other elements of the configurations, including semantic, grammatical, syntagmatic, deictic, and coreferential features. Epistemic topoi are a promising discourse constituent in argumentation because, as we found, they are distinct from syntagmatic units, such as phrases, clauses, or argumentative zones, and because they are signalled with substantially distinctive stylistic features despite having no fixed order in the superstructure. They hold considerable promise for computational argumentation analysis and processing, perhaps especially in scientific and technical discourses, where the need for reliable detection and summarisation is particularly high. Our investigation shows that despite the complex and interpenetrating semantic and stylistic attributes of argumentation, there are significant, computationally tractable regularities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to explore some of the main important Indian topoi that were active in the creative imaginary of Mihai Eminescu, the Romanian National Poet (1850- 1889). Not very many researchers from abroad know that Mihai Eminescu developed his own philosophical approach and, by far, Indian culture caught his attention through the richness of symbols, through the complexity of fundamental theories on world cosmogony and extinction, sacred topoi and through its fruitful mythology. Not at all by chance, one of the strongest voices who studied the literary work of Mihai Eminescu from this new perspective is the Indian author Amita Bhose, who lived for several years in Romania and who decided to learn Romanian language especially for being able to read Mihai Eminescu's poetry in the original language and to translate it for Indian people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay uses data from a field-based study to describe the everyday rhetorical performances through which ethos is established when the orator’s credibility has been compromised by stigma born of chronic mental illness. These strategies, called “recuperative ethos,” include displays of astuteness, references to strong human connections, and appeals to religious topoi. Further, the essay describes innovative rhetorical performances, called “agile epistemologies,” which include logical contradiction, metonymic parallels, enthymemes, and expansive views on human agency. Taken together, these terms use the voices and experiences of mentally ill participants to add important insight into the rhetoric of mental healthcare and the rhetoric of medicine, health, and wellness. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In a society in which expertise becomes increasingly specialized, we need to understand how to manage gaps in knowledge between experts in various fields and between experts and the public in general. That need is especially great in the public sphere, where technical understanding and lived experience do not always align. This study attempts to model the process by which discipline-specific topoi filter into common knowledge and general topoi are acknowledged by experts. It first addresses the issue of expertise in complex rhetorical places, then employs Michel Meyer's reinterpretation of ethos, pathos, and logos to show how experts and non-experts in such places negotiate rhetorical relationships. The study then explores the social and rhetorical mechanisms by which ideas become commonplaces, building on the established theory of symbolic convergence. Finally, the study demonstrates proof in principle with a brief analysis of one topos in the Reports of the Immigration Commission (1911). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work deals with the main functions of apocalyptic topoi (commonplaces) in Orthodox Slavonic literature during the Middle Ages. They were derived from a specific normative system inherited by the Slavs from Byzantine literature. Depending on the subject of narration, a medieval author had to choose suitable topoi in order to interpret reality, according to the medieval model of the world. These topoi were essential components of literary memory in the Middle Ages and had the ability to infiltrate the diachrony of culture, because, in spite of changeable historical circumstances, they were able to preserve the main semantic core. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many scholars have argued that practicing medicine requires sophisticated rhetorical prowess (Loftus 2012; Pender 2005; Segal 2005, 2007). Although rhetorical theory can explain how novices learn to argue like experts, much work in the subfield of medical learning only implicitly draws on rhetorical notions (e.g., Barton & Eggly 2009; Heritage & Maynard 2006). This study examines conversations between faculty physician preceptors and resident physician trainees in an internal medicine clinic to consider the role of persuasion in teaching novices to argue like experts. Using Aristotelian topoi, I reveal how the common lines of argument underlying medical teaching and learning help novice and expert physicians explain concepts, elicit interpretations, and initiate deliberation. As they synthesize and rationalize medical information, they use antecedent-andconsequence, possible-and-impossible, authority, and testimonial topoi. This study of professional enculturation elucidates a rarely examined area of medical communication, potentially enabling preceptors to teach their tacit reasoning more explicitly to residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article demonstrates that the public debate over the M X program alters what we normally perceive as the preconditions for public debate. Instead of establishing the materially relevant facts of the issue at hand in order to provide a point of stasis for formulating competing positions to facilitate argumentative clash, the decision rendered by the Congress responds to justifications from both positions to formulate its policy. The controversy provides insight into the way stasis is established in public debates by challenging the understanding that they are determined in advance. We argue stasis points are established retroactively by the agent of judgment ratifying a point of contact as if this point of stasis had organized the debate all along. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay examines the role of agency and metatextuality in Élisabeth Vonarburg's BRIDGE CYCLE, comprised mainly of a group of short stories originally published between 1977 and 2002 and then revised in their definitive French versions for the collection Le Jeu des coquilles de nautilus (2003). The cycle's main storyline involves the uncertain journey between parallel worlds by a series of recurring characters. Three intimately linked narrative components--each closely related to certain protocols of reading fiction and of particular interest to science fiction--form the theoretical and analytical bases of this study: the three recurring topoï of the protagonist-Voyager's travels; character agency that in part drives the sense of these realms and their occupation; and the dénouement which gives a certain meaning and closure to the spaces in their diverse manifestations and to the characters who pursue their quests in these spaces. Vonarburg's narratives place their protagonists in a situation precisely similar to that of the reader as she must negotiate the trans-world context, come to grips with her own relative lack of agency, and at the same time seek some level of control through knowledge. Such raise en abyme allows the author, through the choice of dénouement, to comment on the manner in which this universe and the real one are imagined, represented, and decoded, and on how meaning is conveyed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the key reasons that have been put forward for justifying the superior argumentative force of visuals over verbal arguments in advertising discourse is their immediacy. The immediate resonance of visuals and their forceful appeal bear considerable resemblance to the argumentative force of enthymemes as hidden premises in informal rhetorical argumentation. In this article an attempt is made at bridging the logical and pathemic appeals of enthymemes under the aegis of what may be called the pathology of the enthymeme, while demonstrating that what has been pejoratively tagged, since Freudian psychoanalytic discourse, as "the psychopathology of everyday life" in fact constitutes the very underpinning of enthymematic structures and a system of topoi of which such structures constitute an integral part. By assuming as the point of departure of this genealogico-pathological tracing Heidegger's opening up of the meaning of logos and as destination Heidegger's ontological reading of everydayness, the enthymematic embeddedness of cultural topoi is depathologized, while being reinserted in its "proper" pathological dimension. The exemplification of how visual enthymemes function and may be translated as hidden premises in advertising discourse seeks to demonstrate the pathology of the enthymeme as "unquestionable" major premises that underpin visual arguments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lenguaje is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The agonistic character of the Apocryphal Acts literature has been well documented. The vast majority of these traditions revolve around the apostolic figure battling both demonic and human adversaries. The Acts of Thomas is no exception, showing the protagonist as Christian hero par-excellence, navigating both cosmological and theological adversaries, always emerging trium-phant. Beyond the narration of these competitions themselves, however, the reader also witnesses Thomas navigating different places and spaces in his journeys. The dichotomies of deserted/ inhabited, public/private, sacred/profane, domestic/communal are all encountered and their meanings adjudicated through the apostolic competitions. This paper will use spatiality theory to interrogate the use of these narrative topoi. In so doing, the role of space will not only be explored in these imagined places of the Acts of Thomas, but implications for the lived experience of the community will be investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Langage & Societe is the property of Fondation Maison des Sciences de l'Homme and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Eisenstadt's theory of multiple modernities recognizes the historical precedence of Western patterns of modernity as fundamental points of reference for other modernities, but argues that each country defines its individual path to modernity through its own internal conflicts. Since the end of the Cold War, EU integration and access to EU membership have steadily become the dominant, if not the exclusive, institutional frameworks representing the paradigm of Western modernity. Against this background, we consider the way in which Greece's pathway to modernity has oscillated between a dominant European definition and an individual one particular to its own internal conflicts. Specifically, we examine the position of state actors, civil society representatives, and lay people on higher education in the context of the Bologna process, the EU institutional framework aimed at educational integration, itself a means of defining identities, pursuing modernity, and protecting tradition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers the controversy surrounding Dolf Sternberger's Panorama oder Ansichten vom 19. Jahrhundert (1938) and its relationship with the territorial exiles Walter Benjamin and Ernst Bloch. It argues the need for a morphology of exile which includes 'inner emigration' and does not reproduce the discourse rupture between inner and territorial exiles. This entails a 'dialectal' study of shared or transformed topoi, developed differently and shaped by particular exilic situations. The comparison with Benjamin and Bloch suggests that Panorama partakes in an exilic discourse on culture originating in the Weimar Republic, and is impelled by an attempt to explain the rise of National Socialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Just as Aristotelian dialectic sharply distinguishes between real and fallacious arguments, Aristotelian rhetoric distinguishes between real and fallacious enthymemes. For this reason Aristotle's Rhetoric includes a chapter -- chapter II.24 -- that is exclusively devoted to what Aristotle calls "topoi" of fallacious enthymemes. Thus, the purpose of this chapter seems to be equivalent to the purpose of the treatise Sophistici Elenchi, which attempts to give a complete list of all possible types of fallacious arguments. It turns out that, although the Rhetoric's list of fallacious types of rhetorical arguments basically resembles the list from the Sophistici Elenchi, there also are some striking differences. The paper tries to account for the relation between these two, more or less independent, Aristotelian approaches to the phenomenon of fallacious arguments. Can one of these two lists be seen as the basic or original one? And what is the point in deviating from this basic list? Are all deviations occasioned by the specific contexts of the rhetorical use on the one hand, and the dialectical on the other? Or do the two lists display different (or even incoherent) logical assumptions? Even an only tentative answer to this set of questions will help to clarify another but closely related scholarly problem, namely the relation between the Rhetoric's list of topoi for real enthymemes and the Topics' list of topoi for real dialectical arguments. It will also help to account for the general place of fallacious arguments within Aristotle's dialectic-based approach the rhetoric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isocrates, a political commentator, writer and teacher, was usually praised for his style and erudition, but hardly considered to be an original author. This opinion, however, seems to be a little unjust; Isocrates was perfectly able to use his profound knowledge of the Greek tradition in order to support his views, not always in a way one might have expected. In the way Isocrates refers to the well-known motifs and personalities one may discover an original approach. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate this technique with reference to Solon' ethics and the person of Socrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topoi concerning the preferable, contained in the first chapters of Book III of Aristotle's Topics, have some peculiarities that clearly distinguish them from the other topoi found in the central books of this work. In this article I compare the structure of both classes of topoi and I point out that those concerning what is preferable do not fit the theory of disputation set out in Book I. I show that the adjustments made by Aristotle are ineffective and I conclude that this set of topoi, which is badly linked with the rest of the work, could have been introduced in a more coherent manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the presentation of Muslim rulers from the early crusading period, 490–540/1097–1146 in six of the main chronicles written during the first half of the seventh/thirteenth century. It discusses the themes, ideas and topoi in each, demonstrating that the historians appear to have been divided into two ‘camps’ over their presentation of these rulers, based on their personal views of the rulers of their time. The article also examines why this division may have occurred, and considers its ramifications for modern scholarship of Arabic historiography, Islamic history and the history of the Crusades, in both the sixth/twelfth and seventh/thirteenth centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A literary criticism of romantic French poet, Gérard de Nerval's theory of Oriental travelogues is presented. It claims that Nerval adopted the theory of Orientalism from the collection of West and South Asian stories known as "Arabian Nights" which was unauthentic. He explains that his use of topoi was more complicated and problematic engagement with other cultures.

There are many problems in trying to construct a history of female musicians and dancers in Mughal North India. Such women appear frequently in Mughal writings and apparently played an important role in elite society; there is clearly much we can learn from such sources about gender and class in the empire generally, as well as female performers more specifically. However, what evidence we have is written from the perspective of their male patrons and cast according to long-standing rhetorical and cultural conventions concerning the fateful roles of music and love in historical events. In this article I examine how Mughal historical chronicles transform named female performers into stereotyped agents of the downfall of noblemen. Using the stories of several historical courtesans, I demonstrate how stock topoi of desire, enslavement, longing, rebellion, danger, fate and above all musical and erotic power, were used to shape all stories of courtesans into tragic cautionary tales. I aim to show that the 'fictive' elements of Mughal courtesan tales furthermore reveal important cultural truths about the role and meanings of music in Mughal male society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]