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Purpose of Review: This narrative review seeks to elucidate clinical and social factors influencing cardiovascular health, explore the challenges and potential solutions for enhancing cardiovascular health, and identify areas where further research is needed to better understand cardiovascular issues in native and American Pakistani populations. Recent Findings: The prevalence of cardiometabolic disease is high not only in Pakistan but also among its global diaspora. This situation is further complicated by the inadequacy of current cardiovascular risk assessment tools, which often fall short of accurately gauging the risk among Pakistani individuals, underscoring the urgent need for more tailored and effective assessment methodologies. Moreover, social determinants play a crucial role in shaping cardiovascular health. Summary: The burden of cardiovascular disease and upstream risk factors is high among American Pakistani individuals. Future research is needed to better understand the heightened risk of cardiovascular disease among Pakistani individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper comprises a critical study of recollection of life events in the memoir titled: Lahore with Love: Growing up with Girlfriends Pakistani Style henceforth (LWL) by the Pakistani female writer Fawzia Afzal-Khan. We illustrate through our analysis that Afzal Khan looks at and represents Pakistani women's identity with a Western lens. We argue that Afzal-Khan portrays herself as an independent and anglicized woman who is in control of her sexuality, positioning herself at the center like the orientalists, constructing a monolith identity of Pakistani women in the narrative. Hence it is not only Western or white writers that exoticize the Pakistani woman, but migrated writers like Khan misrepresent this identity as she subjects herself to self-exoticization in her memoir with an orientalist approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study explores the experiences of 3 generations of Pakistani Americans with an aim to understand the contributing factors to their cultural identity and the meaning of their experiences. The sample consists of 1st‐, 1.5‐, and 2nd‐generation Pakistani Americans. Data were collected via semistructured interviews and a focus group and were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results revealed 5 common themes intertwined across generational groups: awareness of cultural identity differences are situational; sense of loss; positive experience; awareness of 2 cultures; and culture and religion. Implications for counseling Pakistani Americans are discussed. Este estudio cualitativo explora las experiencias de tres generaciones de estadounidenses de origen paquistaní, con el objetivo de comprender los factores que contribuyen a su identidad cultural y el significado de sus experiencias. La muestra incluye personas estadounidenses de origen paquistaní de primera, 1.5 y segunda generación. Los datos fueron recopilados a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y un grupo de enfoque, y fueron analizados usando el análisis temático. Los resultados revelaron cinco temas comunes entrelazados a lo largo de grupos generacionales: la conciencia de que las diferencias de identidad cultural son situacionales; el sentimiento de pérdida; las experiencias positivas; la conciencia de dos culturas; y la cultura y religión. Se discuten las implicaciones para la consejería de personas estadounidenses de origen paquistaní. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines Marvel Comics’ decision to recast their heroine Ms. Marvel as a Muslim, Pakistani-American teenager. Specifically, I will investigate the ways in which Ms. Marvel’s racialization challenges the conventions of American citizenship in the post-9/11 United States and how the comic depicts and constructs South Asian diasporic locations and subjectivities. My investigation includes an analysis of the comics and the external texts that surround these works, such as author and editor interviews, reviews, and various forms of public response. By reading the larger cultural materials surroundingMs. Marvelin conjunction with theorists such as Gayatri Gopinath and Bakirathi Mani, I demonstrate the ways in which this popular visual genre becomes a vehicle for its producers to enact their South Asian/American identities. Furthermore,Ms. Marvelinvites South Asian/American readers to do the same through engaged, participatory, and (dis)identificatory fan practice, which I theorize through the work of José Esteban Muñoz. Although I readMs. Marvelthrough the consumer and coming-of-age experiences of young women in South Asian/American diasporic locations, I also demonstrate the possibilities of reading to identify with the character of Ms. Marvel across racial and ethnic lines. Such cross-racial identification may allow for a complex and politically powerful form of subject formation through (dis)identificatory reading and consumer practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the question: To what extent are Pakistani American children's perceptions of maternal and paternal rejection related to their parents' perceptions of spousal rejection? The research draws from a sample of 102 Pakistani families living in the USA. Urdu language versions of the Intimate Partner Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire were used by husbands and wives. English language versions of the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire were used by children. Results of analyses showed that wives' perceptions of husbands' rejection predicted children's perceptions of both maternal and paternal rejection. Similarly, husbands' perceptions of wives' rejection predicted children's perceptions of both maternal and paternal rejection. These results suggest that the 'spillover effect' explains the association between spousal rejection and perceived parental rejection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to explore relations between acculturation patterns of mothers and fathers, and parents and children. The sample consisted of 102 children (52 boys and 50 girls) and 204 parents (102 mothers and 102 fathers) drawn from three cities in the Eastern United States. Children ranged in age from nine through 13 years (M = 11 years). Mothers ranged in age from 29 through 50 years (M = 38 years), and fathers ranged in age from 32 through 56 years (M = 44 years). Measures used were Bicultural Attitude Scales for Parents and Children. Results showed significant correlations between the cultural orientation of mothers and fathers, as well as between parents and children. Results also showed that both parents (fathers and mothers) and children had a significantly greater orientation toward their heritage culture (Pakistan) than toward their host culture (the U.S.). But the level of orientation toward the heritage culture was significantly higher for parents than for children. In addition, boys showed significantly higher orientation toward the host culture than did girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution examines the intricacies of the construction of Pakistani American identity in Disgraced (2012), Ayad Akhtar's Pulitzer Prize-winning play, in the larger context of the emerging field of South Asian American drama and also within the framework of Akhtar's general thematic concern with the intercultural and interreligious tensions at the heart of our increasingly global society. The essay considers the ways in which the play problematizes a number of key issues in the articulation of a post-9/11 Pakistani American identity at the intersection of a complex network of allegiances and positionalities circumscribed by the triad "America"--"Islam"--"South Asia." The analysis focuses on a number of interrelated issues, such as the paradoxes of assimilation, the dynamics between patterns of representation and self-representation, and the impact of a resurgent neo-Orientalist discourse in the (re)negotiation of such identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on ethnographic data, this article examines the complex terrain that working-class Pakistani-American youth must negotiate in their daily lives. Specifically, the article illustrates how particular views of Islam and Americanization manifest in particular sites and within educational discourses, and the resulting dissonance that youth experience. On the one hand, schools view Islam as oppressive, problematic and a hindrance to the youths’ academic and professional success. On the other hand, families present Islam as a type of cultural capital that can guide youth and help them navigate their lives by being a ‘good Muslim.’ The result of these fossilized views of culture and nationality is the production of an ‘imagined nostalgia’: One group longs for a world where assimilation into the dominant group is expected and accepted; the other longs for the homeland, which they try to recreate in their new home. Thus, in their own ways, both schools and communities send the message that being Muslim and being American is not compatible. Consequently, rather than view being Muslim and American in an additive way, youth believe that they can only be one or the other, which often translates into placing themselves outside the realm of American cultural citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article discusses several instances where the formal equality of citizenship is reportedly jeopardized by discrimination on the basis of national origin and ancestry as of April 2014, focusing on the differential treatment that the Indian government allegedly imposes on U.S. citizens of Pakistani descent who apply for visas to visit India. A political debate over whether to grant Israel admission to America's visa waiver program is examined, along with sovereignty and age discrimination.

A survey of 76 Pakistanis in the United States found a 26.3 percent prevalence rate of having self-reported depressive symptoms as measured by HSCL-25. The respondents with depressive symptoms preferred to visit physicians or talk with friends for dealing with mental health issues. Visiting the physician was significantly related to having depressive symptoms. Logistic regression found four significant factors contributing to depression among these Pakistanis: concerns on public financial assistance, loss of income, physicians as mental health consultants, and family/relationship concerns. This study implies that professionals must examine help-seeking strategies with evidence-based practice data to develop culturally relevant services for Asian immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses various aspects related to the status of Pakistani immigrants in the U.S. Most of the knowledge of the post-migration experiences, adjustment, and assimilation of immigrant groups is based upon research conducted in large cities on the West and East coasts. Systematic knowledge of the world of Asian Americans living in middle-size and smaller communities is virtually nonexistent. Asian Americans living in middle-size or smaller communities have little or none of the socially supportive networks necessary to forestall loneliness, isolation, and alienation. Recent studies indicate that many Asians suffer feelings of loneliness, anxiety, and discomfort, and the rates of mental illness for Asian Americans are higher than previously estimated. This article explores the social world of Pakistanis in a middle-size American community. Pakistanis constitute one of the newest groups of ethnic minorities from Asia that have found homes in America. Largely the followers of Islam, they have brought along a distinctive cultural pattern and belief system. In terms of numerical strength and visibility Pakistanis have not yet become conspicuous. Their number in the small and middle-size cities of America is even smaller than in the large cities.