Search

Copyright of Journal of Animal Production & Processing Technology / JurnalIlmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study determined the effect of nutritional supplementation throughout endurance exercise on whole-body leucine kinetics (leucine rate of appearance [Ra], oxidation [Ox], and nonoxidative leucine disposal [NOLD]) during recovery. Five trained men underwent a 2-h run at 65% VO2max, during which a carbohydrate (CHO), mixed protein-carbohydrate (milk), or placebo (PLA) drink was consumed. Leucine kinetics were assessed during recovery using a primed, continuous infusion of 1-13C leucine. Leucine Ra and NOLD were lower for milk than for PLA. Ox was higher after milk-supplemented exercise than after CHO or PLA. Although consuming milk during the run affected whole-body leucine kinetics, the benefits of such a practice for athletes remain unclear. Additional studies are needed to determine whether protein supplementation during exercise can optimize protein utilization during recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of our experiment was to assess changes in milk yield, composition and renneting parameters (pH, titratable acidity, coagulation time and curd quality) of sheep milk in the course of lactation and their relationships in the Lacaune ewes (n = 8), reared under intensive nutrition. The stage of lactation (SL) had a conclusive effect on the daily milk yield (DMY) and contents of all basic milk compounds. The DMY and fat content were relatively high during whole lactation. In our opinion these trends were influenced by the quite intensive nutrition. The SL had inconclusive effect on pH. In contrast, the SL had a conclusive effect on titratable acidity (TA) of milk. The correlations between the pH and all other indicators, with the exception of the coagulation time (CT), were inconclusive. Also most correlations between the TA and all other indicators monitored were inconclusive. The SL had inconclusive effect on the CT and curd quality (CQ). In our opinion, relatively balanced values of the CT and CQ during lactation indicate on the good health state and correct nutrition of ewes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the framework of the external factors that influence the growth/development of the students, sports activity and alimentation play an essential role. Material and method: The study was conducted on a batch of 98 teenagers from 2 highschools in Suceava. They filled in a questionnaire with questions relating to the time allotted for physical activity and dietary habits. Results and discussion: in most cases the students allocated daily physical activity between 15 and 60 minutes (54.08%). The dominant contribution of milk is 2-3 times per week (31.63%) and chicken meat (51.02%). The result is unsatisfactory, which highlight the problems related to the consumption of food products of animal origin. Cooked vegetables are present in the menus especially 4-7 times (36.73%) and bread (72.44%). Conclusions: the time allotted for daily activities is pretty modest and the intake of animal origin products is low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study objectives: Sleep is important for memory consolidation in children. This study intended to find out whether an evening milk-based drink could influence sleep efficiency and memory recall in a group of Indonesian children (5-6 years old) with sleep deprivation. Methods: Children were randomly allocated to one of three interventions: Reference product, satietystimulating product, and a relaxing product. The intervention lasted for 6 weeks and children consumed two servings per day of each 200 ml, the serving in the morning being the same for all children. All measurements took place at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Sleep parameters were studied using actigraphy and a sleep diary during three consecutive days. Memory consolidation was tested using a 20 word-pair list, which was memorized the evening before being recalled the next morning at home-base. Anthropometry was measured using standard equipment. Results: The Satiety group showed a significant decrease in word recall, and a significant increase in nocturnal awakenings that was inversely associated with sleep efficiency at the end of the intervention. Sleep efficiency did not differ between the three groups being 75.5 ± 8.6% and 75.7 ± 6.3% at baseline and end of the intervention, respectively. Despite the lower energy intake in the Standard (reference) group, this condition showed the highest increase in weight. Discussion: Evening growing-up milks can affect memory recall, sleep characteristics, and growth. However, to correct sleep efficiency and sleep duration, improvement of parental behavior may be the most important factor with nutrition providing a supplementary effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Whether a causal relationship exists between milk intake and reduced risk of fractures is unclear.Objectives: We tested the hypothesis that genetically determined milk intake reduces the risk of fractures and increases bone mineral density (BMD).Methods: We investigated the association between milk intake, LCT-13910 C/T (rs4988235), which is associated with lactase persistence (TT/TC) in Northern Europeans, and hip fractures in three Danish prospective studies (N = 97 811, age ≥20 years). We added meta-analyses of LCT-13910 and fractures and BMD from five published Northern European population studies.Results: In the Danish studies, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for hip fracture per one glass per week higher milk intake was 1.00 (95% CI: 0.99-1.01). The per T-allele milk intake was 0.58 (0.49-0.68) glasses per week, but HR was 1.01 (0.94-1.09) for hip fracture. In meta-analyses of Danish studies with published Northern European population studies, the random effects odds ratio for any fracture was 0.86 (0.61-1.21; I2 = 73%) for TT vs. CC and 0.90 (0.68-1.21; I2 = 63%) for TC vs. CC. The standardized mean difference in femoral neck BMD was 0.10 (0.02-0.18; I2 = 0%) g cm-2 for TT vs. CC and 0.06 (-0.04 to 0.17; I2 = 17%) g cm-2 for TC vs. CC. There were no differences in lumbar spine or total hip BMD comparing TT or TC with CC.Conclusion: Genetically lifelong lactase persistence with high milk intake was not associated with hip fracture in Danish population-based cohorts. A meta-analysis combining Danish studies with published Northern European population studies also showed that lactase persistence was not associated with fracture risk. Genetic lactase persistence was associated with a higher femoral neck BMD, but not lumbar spine or total hip BMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goal: To evaluate the overall diet quality of the nursing mothers using the Healthy Eating Index as an instrument. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional-observational-epidemiological study using as data collection instrument a semi-structured questionnaire to characterize the sample and the habitual intake reminder. The diet quality was evaluated through the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) validated to the Brazilian population. For the analysis, we estimated the means and standard deviations, the medians and interquartile ranges of the HEI total and of each component. We used the Kolmogorov-Sminorv test to verify the normality of the data. HEI total score averages by groups according to socio-demographic, nutritional and obstetric variables were assessed using Student's t-tests, ANOVA and Tukey's "post hoc" test. Results: A total of 106 nursing mothers with a mean HEI score of 64.36 ± 10.68 were studied. Foods from the group of total fruit, whole fruit, total cereal, whole cereal and milk and dairy products were the components of HEI of the nursing mothers with lower scores, and with a higher frequency of minimum score. It was possible to observe a low intake of total fruits, whole fruits, total cereals, whole cereal and milk and dairy products. Comparing the means and medians of the total HEI score with the demographic, socioeconomic, nutritional and obstetric variables of the nursing mothers, we observed that women with 12 or more years of completed study had a significantly higher mean in relation to the less educated mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemp milk, an emerging beverage with high nutritional value and low allergenicity, is an attractive alternative to dairy, soy, and nut milks. To obtain a non-thermally processed, physically and oxidatively stable hemp milk, high pressure homogenization (HPH) combined with pH shift treatment was investigated. For hemp milk (4% protein, 5% fat) without pH shift, increasing the homogenization pressure (up to 60 MPa) resulted in a more uniform distribution of emulsion droplets (2.2–2.7 μm). When pH shift was applied prior to HPH, large clusters and aggregates of oil droplets (3.5–8.2 μm) were formed. Interestingly, hemp milk with such interactive structures was remarkably stable, showing negligible phase separation within 3-day storage at 4 °C. Moreover, hemp milk made by combined pH shift and HPH exhibited delayed hydroperoxides (expressed as peroxide value, PV) and malondialdehyde (expressed as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, TBARS) production, suggesting the resistance of such emulsion cluster structures to radicals. On the other hand, a significant reduction of microbial population was observed in hemp milk prepared by pH shift combined with HPH. The results indicate that the pH shift + HPH combination treatment may potentially be employed for the production of non-thermally processed hemp milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The most common micronutrient deficiencies in Ecuadorian schoolchildren are vitamin A (VA), zinc, and iron. The objective of the present study was to test the efficacy of cow's milk as a vehicle for VA, zinc, and iron supplementation.Methods: Three hundred twenty-eight children aged 6-10 years were included in a randomized, double blind controlled study; 173 children received 480 mL of whole milk (300 Kcals; G1) daily and 155 children received fortified milk (300 Kcals; G2) daily for 23 weeks. Participants had a nutritional evaluation before and after supplementation. Both treatment groups were comparable for gender, age, weight and height at the beginning of the study.Results: Both types of milk were well accepted by the participating children. Data showed that serum concentrations of VA, zinc, and iron significantly increased within both treatment groups. The increase in serum concentrations of the indicated micronutrients was significantly greater in children with deficiencies than in non-deficient ones. There were not significant differences in serum concentrations of VA, zinc, and iron between groups after supplementation. Data also showed that there was an increase in the percentage of children with normal BMI at the expense of a decrease of the percentage of children with excess weight at the end of the treatment period in G1 whereas in G2 it remained unchanged. Blood lipid profiles were normal before and after milk supplementation in both treatment groups.Conclusions: These data indicated that fortified and non-fortified milk are excellent options to increase serum VA, zinc, and iron concentration in schoolchildren. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional farming on agricultural land under the standard soil and natural-climatic conditions within the EU is based on the structure of the polygastric livestock (especially cattle), which ensures the complex carbon recycling and its return to arable soil. In the last 15 years, we have been witnessing to a sharp decline in the number of dairy cows in the Czech Republic. This fact has resulted in certain destabilising factors that have disrupted the stability of the biological system. Breeding dairy cows and its profitability is a function of the conditions for the realisation of milk production. This paper examines these aspects within a complex of factors from the use of milk production to the structure of the decision making process and it classifies and quantifies the individual problems from the perspective of the multi-criteria analysis.

Objectives: This study analysed the effect of frequency of intake and amount of fluoride in milk on the remineralisation of artificial enamel and dentine caries lesions ex vivo/in situ. Materials and methods: Pre-demineralised bovine enamel and dentine slabs were randomly allocated into 5 groups and fixed in removable appliances used by subjects for 7 days in each phase. Each treatment comprised milk containing 2.5 ppm fluoride daily (T1), or every other day (T2), 5.0 ppm F daily (T3), or every other day (T4) or no treatment (T5). Results: Enamel alterations were quantified by surface hardness recovery (%SHR) and transversal microradiography (TMR), and in dentine by TMR only. Data were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). For enamel, the highest %SHR was found for T1 and T3 compared to control, without significant differences between them. All groups showed positive values of ΔΔZ - T1 (247.3 ± 198.5); T2 (110.9 ± 303.2); T3 (226.0 ± 299.2); T5 (5.0 ± 288.0), except T4 (-274.5 ± 407.3). For dentine, the only group that presented remineralisation was T2 (350.0 ± 657.5). Conclusions: Fluoridated milk daily seems to have higher remineralising effect on enamel than its use every other day. Dentine, does not seem to benefit from daily use of fluoridated milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A major deterrent to the usage of milk protein concentrate (MPC), a high-protein milk product with increasing demand as a food and sports drink ingredient, has been its poor functional characteristics when compared with other milk protein products such as whey protein concentrate and sodium caseinates. This review discusses the recent research on functional properties of MPC, focusing on factors that may contribute to the poor functional characteristics before, during, and after production. Current research, methods employed, and new understanding on the causes of poor solubility of MPC at mild temperatures (about 20°C) has been presented, including loss of solubility during storage as these areas have received unprecedented attention over the past decade, and also affects other useful functional properties of MPC, such as emulsifying properties, gelation, and foaming. Processing methods, which include heat treatment, high-pressure application, microwave heating, ultrasound application, and enzyme and salts modification, have been used or have potential to modify or improve the functional properties of MPCs. Future research on the effects of these processing methods on the functional properties, including effects of enzyme hydrolysis on bitterness and bioactivity, has also been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Iodine is required for the production of the thyroid hormones essential for the growth and development of the brain. All forms of iodine deficiency (ID) affect the mental development of the child. Our study aims to assess the impact of ID on the intellectual development of Moroccan schoolchildren and to evaluate the effect of consumption of fortified milk on reducing ID. In a double-blind controlled trial conducted on schoolchildren, children were divided into two groups to receive fortified milk (30% of cover of RDI iodine) or nonfortified milk for 9 months. Urinary iodine was analyzed using the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction, a dynamic cognitive test using Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices to assess learning potential was performed at baseline and end line, and anthropometric assessment was done only at baseline. The study included schoolchildren who were severely iodine deficient. The prevalence of malnutrition was high in both groups; in this study, we found improvements in iodine status and in cognitive abilities among Moroccan schoolchildren. Our study showed that the consumption of fortified milk led to a clear improvement in iodine status and also appeared to have a favorable effect on the cognitive ability of Moroccan schoolchildren in a rural mountainous region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Folic acid (400 μg/d) taken during the periconceptional period reduces neural tube defect (NTD) risk by >75%. Achieving red cell folate (RCF) or plasma folate (PF) >905 nmol/L and >35 nmol/L, respectively, has been associated with a low risk of NTDs. We determined whether daily consumption of folic acid fortified milk increases blood folate concentrations to levels associated with a low risk of NTDs in Singaporean women of childbearing age.Methods and Study Design: In this double-blind placebo-controlled trial, 70 non-pregnant women (21-35 y) were randomly assigned to receive fortified milk (FM) powder providing 400 μg folic acid per day or unfortified placebo milk (PM) powder for 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected at baseline and at 6 and 12 weeks.Results: At 12 weeks, mean (95% CI) RCF and PF concentrations were 376 (240, 512) and 39 (26, 51) nmol/L higher in the FM group compared with the PM group (p<0.001). Of the women receiving FM, 71% (n=25) and 86% (n=30) achieved a RCF and PF associated with a very low risk of NTDs, respectively.Conclusion: Folic acid fortified milk increased blood folate concentrations in women of childbearing age to levels associated with a reduced risk of an NTD-affected pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Dietary restriction during infancy may influence later eating behaviour. The aim of this study was to determine whether consuming a cows' milk exclusion ( CME) diet during infancy affects eating habits in later childhood, once cows' milk has been reintroduced into the diet. Methods Children were recruited from two large birth cohort studies in the UK. A small number of participants were recruited from allergy clinic. Two groups were recruited: an experimental group of children who had consumed a CME diet during infancy and a control group, who had consumed an unrestricted diet during infancy. Parents and children completed questionnaires regarding eating behaviour and food preferences. Results In total, 101 children of mean age 11.5 years were recruited (28 CME and 73 controls). The CME group scored significantly higher on 'slowness of eating' and on the combined 'avoidant eating behaviour' construct (p < 0.01). The number of foods avoided and symptoms was associated with higher levels of avoidant eating behaviour (p < 0.05). The CME group rated liking for several dairy foods (butter, cream, chocolate, full fat milk and ice cream) significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05), although there were no significant differences seen for any other category of food. Conclusion This study demonstrated that consuming a CME diet during infancy has persistent and long-term effects on eating habits and food preferences. To reduce future negative eating behaviours, children's exclusion diets need to be as varied as possible and reintroduction of cows' milk products closely monitored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on iodine-131 detected in milk samples from the Dairy Science Unit at Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo, California following events at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant in March of 2011. The milk samples, collected between March 21 and April 11, 2011, were part of the Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program. A correlation is made between the integrated activity of iodine-131 found in milk and the integrated activities of iodine-131 of rainwater, vegetation and air samples that were collected from March 19 to April 18, 2011. A comparison is then made to previous studies conducted on dairy cattle that were administered controlled amounts of iodine-131 through ingestion. The comparison shows good agreement to the model which states that generally 1 percent of the activity of iodine-131 ingested by dairy cattle will be detected in harvested milk. Considering the environmental factors and the uncertainties involved, these data and calculated results derived from a real world situation provide an excellent application and confirmation of studies done under controlled settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we report the epidemiology and risk factors for humeral fractures (proximal humerus and shaft) among men and women residing in south-eastern Australia. Incident fractures during 2006 and 2007 were identified using X-ray reports (Geelong Osteoporosis Study Fracture Grid). Risk factors were identified using data from case-control studies conducted as part of the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Median age of fracture was lower in males than females for proximal humerus (33.0 vs 71.2 years), but not for humeral shaft (8.9 vs 8.5 years). For females, proximal humerus fractures occurred mainly in the 70-79 and 80+ years age groups, whereas humeral shaft fractures followed a U-shaped pattern. Males showed a U-shaped pattern for both proximal humerus and humeral shaft fractures. Overall age-standardised incidence rates for proximal humerus fractures in males and females were 40.6 (95% CI 32.7, 48.5) and 73.2 (95% CI 62.2, 84.1) per 100,000 person years, respectively. For humeral shaft fractures, the age-standardised rate was 69.3 (95% CI 59.0, 79.6) for males and 61.5 (95% CI 51.9, 71.0) for females. There was an increase in risk of proximal humerus fractures in men with a lower femoral neck BMD, younger age, prior fracture and higher milk consumption. In pre-menopausal women, increased height and falls were both risk factors for proximal humerus fractures. For post-menopausal women, risk factors associated with proximal humerus fractures included a lower non-milk dairy consumption and sustaining a prior fracture. Humeral shaft fractures in both sexes were sustained mainly in childhood, while proximal humerus fractures were sustained in older adulthood. The overall age-standardised rates of proximal humerus fractures were nearly twice as high in females compared to males, whereas the incidence rates of humeral shaft fractures were similar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/objectives: Prenatal vitamin-D deficiency may be associated with increased risk of obesity later in life. Using two national vitamin-D fortification programs as the setting for a societal experiment, we investigated whether exposure to vitamin-D from fortified margarine and low-fat milk during foetal life was associated with body size at 7 years of age.Subjects/methods: Vitamin-D fortification of margarine was mandatory in Denmark from 1961 to 1985, and voluntary fortification of low-fat milk was permitted from 1972 to 1976. Using information on body mass index (BMI) Z-score at the age of 7 years of 54,270 children, who were measured during the mandatory Copenhagen School Health examination, we compared children according to whether the mothers were pregnant during the fortification programs or not. The comparisons were performed for children born just before and after initiation or termination of margarine and milk fortification periods, respectively. In total four sets of analyses were performed.Results: We observed no difference in mean BMI Z-score between children exposed to vitamin-D fortification in utero and non-exposed children. Similar results were observed for overweight and obesity.Conclusions: Prenatal exposure to vitamin-D from fortification of margarine and low-fat milk showed no association with body size at 7 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the influence of different ways of storage on the content of vitamin A and E in powdered cow's milk was studied. The cow's whole milk powder was taken directly from the manufacturer and stored for one year in 4 different ways - in the light at room temperature, in the dark at room temperature, in a refrigerator at 8°C and in a freezer at -20°C. The content of vitamins was measured 4 times during the first month and then once a month. The samples were stored for one year. Vitamins A and E were determined by HPLC using DAD and FLD detectors. Vitamin A was identified in all samples but only α-tocopherol (out of various forms of vitamin E) was detected in all samples. In all cases steeper decline of both vitamins in first 14 days of storage was identified. The highest losses of vitamin A and E in powdered milk occurred during storage in the light at room temperature. The value decreased by 91 resp. 95% of the original value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Milk oligosaccharides ( OSs) confer unique health benefits to the neonate. Although human digestive enzymes cannot degrade these sugars, they support specific commensal microbes and act as decoys to prevent the adhesion of pathogenic micro-organisms to gastrointestinal cells. The limited availability of human milk oligosaccharides ( HMOs) impedes research into these molecules and their potential applications in functional food formulations. Recent studies show that complex OSs with fucose and N-acetyl neuraminic acid (key structural elements of HMO bioactivity) also exist in caprine milk, suggesting a potential source of bioactive milk OSs suitable as a functional food ingredient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to demonstrate that type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in school children and adolescents is associated with the early introduction of pasteurized/raw cow's milk in the second semester of life.Material and Methods: this non-probabilistic study included 150 subjects (75 patients and 75 controls), divided according to sex and age (range, 6 to 16 years). T1DM was considered to be a dependent variable, and pasteurized/ raw cow's milk (P/RCM) was considered to be an independent variable in the study. The statistical analyses included chi-squared test, odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals.Results: the subjects were 51% male, age 11 ± 3.2 years, and 80% were breastfed, 18% were exclusively breastfed, and 13% received pasteurized/raw cow's milk. The children receiving P/RCM had a higher risk of T1DM [OR, 3.9 (1.2-12.8)]. The presence of T1DM was three times higher in those consuming P/RCM vs. those receiving follow-up formula [RM, 3.2 (1.03-10.07)].Conclusions: introducing pasteurized/raw cow's milk in the second semester of life increased by four times the likelihood of developing T1DM in children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bovine milk provides important minerals, essential for human nutrition and dairy product quality. For changing the mineral composition of the milk to improve dietary needs in human nutrition and technological properties of milk, a thorough understanding of the genetics underlying milk mineral contents is important. Therefore the aim of this study was to 1) estimate the genetic parameters for individual minerals in Danish Holstein (DH) (n = 371) and Danish Jersey (DJ) (n = 321) milk, and 2) detect genomic regions associated with mineral content in the milk using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach. Results: For DH, high heritabilities were found for Ca (0.72), Zn (0.49), and P (0.46), while for DJ, high heritabilities were found for Ca (0.63), Zn (0.57), and Mg (0.57). Furthermore, intermediate heritabilities were found for Cu in DH, and for K, Na, P and Se in the DJ. The GWAS revealed a total of 649 significant SNP markers detected for Ca (24), Cu (90), Fe (111), Mn (3), Na (1), P (4), Se (12) and Zn (404) in DH, while for DJ, a total of 787 significant SNP markers were detected for Ca (44), Fe (43), K (498), Na (4), Mg (1), P (94) and Zn (3). Comparing the list of significant markers between DH and DJ revealed that the SNP ARS-BFGL-NGS-4939 was common in both breeds for Zn. This SNP marker is closely linked to the DGAT1 gene. Even though we found significant SNP markers on BTA14 in both DH and DJ for Ca, and Fe these significant SNPs did not overlap. Conclusion: The results show that Ca, Zn, P and Mg show high heritabilities. In combination with the GWAS results this opens up possibilities to select for specific minerals in bovine milk. Keywords: Bovine milk, Minerals, Element, Genetic parameters, Association study [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To evaluate links between the volume of milk consumed and weight and height status in children aged 4 and 5 years. Design We analysed data from 8950 children followed up as part of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey, Birth cohort, a nationally representative cohort of children. We used linear and logistic regression to assess associations of daily servings of milk intake at age 4 years with z-scores of body mass index (BMI), height and weight-for-height at 4 and 5 years, adjusted for sex, race/ ethnicity, socioeconomic status and type of milk consumed. Results Among children who drank milk at age 4 years, higher milk consumption was associated with higher zscores of BMI, height and weight-for-height at 4 years (all p<0.05). This corresponded to differences between children drinking <1 and =4 milk servings daily of approximately 1 cm in height and 0.15 kg in weight. By age 5 years, only the association with height remained significant (p<0.001). At 4 years, children drinking ≥3 servings of milk daily were more likely to be overweight/ obese (BMI≥85th percentile) than those drinking 0.5-2 servings of milk daily (adjusted OR 1.16 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.32) p=0.02). Conclusions In a cohort of children at age 4 years, the volume of milk consumed was associated with higher weight status and taller stature, while at 5 years, higher milk consumption continued to be associated with taller stature. Given higher odds of overweight/obesity with milk consumption ≥3 servings daily, this study supports current American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations that pre-school children consume two milk servings daily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Camel milk and camel milk products have always been highly esteemed playing even today an important role in the diet of the population in the rural areas of Africa, Asia and the Middle East, with scarce agricultural areas, high temperatures and small amount of precipitation. In aggravated environmental circumstances, camels may produce more milk than any other species, while their demand for food is very modest. A camel produces between 1000 and 2000 L of milk during the lactation period of 8 to 18 months, while the daily production of milk is between 3 and 10 L. The goal of the overview is to present the chemical composition of camel milk, and products made from camel milk. On average camel milk contains 81.4-87 % water, 10.4 % dry matter, 1.2-6.4 % milk fat, 2.15-4.90 % protein, 1.63-2.76 % casein, 0.65-0.80 % whey protein, 2.90-5.80 % lactose and 0.60-0.90 % ash. Variations in the contents of camel milk may be attributed to several factors such as analytical methods, geographical area, nutrition conditions, breed, lactation stage, age and number of calvings. Camel milk is becoming an increasingly interesting product in the world, not only for its good nutritive properties, but also for its interesting and tasteful products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphatidylserine (PS) has received interest for its ability to improve cognitive abilities and behaviors. A new method for determining PS in milk-based nutritional products has been developed. The method includes a quick and simple sample preparation procedure, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fluorescence detection (FLD) with an on-line 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (FMOC) derivatization. The method allows PS to be determined in raw materials, milk powder and liquid milk products. The day-to-day ( n = 3 days) average recovery of over spike-in (at 100% PS content level) was 100%, and the method quantification limit is 53 mg per kg milk powder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]