Search

Background: Based on their place of employment, workers with agricultural hukou (WAH) are categorized into local workers with agricultural hukou (LWAH) and migrant workers with agricultural hukou (MWAH). Research shows that although LWAH often find themselves at a disadvantage in terms of labour income and access to public services, the significant growth of this group in recent years has drawn attention to their choice of workplace and the factors influencing it. Guided by the theories of self-determination and social comparison, this study aims to explore the impact of the differences between LWAH and MWAH in psychological needs and social comparisons on life satisfaction, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Methods: This study utilizes data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) from 2014 to 2020, employing a two-way fixed effects model to investigate the differences in life satisfaction between 1,976 LWAH and MWAH. Additionally, propensity score matching (PSM) is used to conduct regression analysis on the matched sample, providing a more accurate comparison of life satisfaction between LWAH and MWAH under similar individual characteristics. Finally, the study further examines the mediating effects of perceived social status and job satisfaction and analyses the differences in life satisfaction between LWAH and MWAH across dimensions such as generation, region, and work conditions. Results: The baseline regression results indicate that LWAH have significantly higher life satisfaction compared to MWAH, and this finding is robust to various tests. Mediation analysis reveals that perceived social status plays a mediating role in the difference in life satisfaction between LWAH and MWAH, while job satisfaction does not have a significant mediating effect. Heterogeneity analysis further shows that intergenerational, regional, and work condition differences have varying impacts on the life satisfaction of two groups. Conclusions: This study provides important insights into understanding the workplace choices and quality of life of Chinese workers with agricultural hukou. Finally, to effectively promote situ urbanization processes, local governments need to prioritize enhancing workers with agricultural hukou (WAH)'s autonomy, sense of competence, and social status, thereby improving their perceived social status in society and attracting more labourers to return to their hometowns for work and entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the school system, social inequality and capitalist, patriarchal, and colonialist violence are reproduced when the causes of precariousness are made invisible, and the myth of meritocracy is reinforced. These inequalities are accentuated throughout the educational path, generating a "Matthew effect". That is, while the upper social classes have an initial advantage and tend to benefit more and more as time goes by, those who are at a disadvantage from the beginning experience an accumulation of inconveniences. Through the specific case of the deficient educational attention received by Migrant Agricultural Day Laborers (MADL) in Mexico, this article analyzes how school institutions have become intertwined with these contexts of violence. In addition, it examines how, since the implementation of neoliberal policies, the exclusion of the most vulnerable population, which is considered cheap and easily replaceable labor, has increased. Likewise, the proposal of intersectionality is taken up again to reconstruct the different aspects that generate discrimination against JAM girls, boys, and adolescents who, although they share the same root and based on the dominant power structure, have various edges that make these minors a particularly vulnerable segment of the population. The evidence shows that the government's capacity to care for the population in vulnerable situations has been exceeded, and questions arise as to whether current programs can meet specific needs or whether new public policies are required in line with reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The nutritional status of seasonal migrant agricultural workers is negatively affected by problems with working conditions, wages, accommodations, and living conditions. This study aimed to investigate the living conditions, dietary habits, and food consumption frequency of seasonal migrant agricultural workers in Turkey. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in July and August 2022 in the neighborhoods of Akçadağ district in Malatya Province, Turkey. The sample of the study consisted of 262 seasonal migrant agricultural workers aged 15 and over who came to the region for the apricot harvest. The data were obtained using the face-to-face interview technique via a two-part questionnaire including questions on socio-demographic characteristics, living conditions, dietary behaviors and food consumption frequency. Results: The mean age of the seasonal migrant agricultural workers was 24.16 ± 0.75, and they worked 12.01 ± 0.10 hours per day on average. It was determined 74.8% of the workers had access to clean water, and 50.4% did not think they had an adequate and balanced diet. It was found only 57.3% of the workers had a normal body mass index, 80.2% never ate fish, 53.8% never ate red meat, and 67.2% never drank milk, while only 34.4% were able to eat seasonal vegetables. Conclusion: The findings of the study show that seasonal migrant agricultural workers in Turkey do not have suitable conditions in terms of food and accommodations, and their working conditions, wages, and health conditions are inadequate. These deficiencies have a negative effect on workers' quality of life and health status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper unravels the intimate and irritant more-than-human encounters in hostel accommodation used by migrant farm workers in regional Australia. These are communal places of inhabitancy that draw attention to the intersecting concerns of highly mobile populations, seasonal labour, migration politics, and the socio-material relationships that flourish within such spaces. I examine the presence of bed bugs and other nonhumans through interviews with farm workers, hostel operators and managers, and ethnographic observations, to highlight broader implications of such 'communal' forms of living. The communal nature of living alongside others is challenging, especially when the arrangement is for work and migration, rather than leisure, and due to a lack of affordable housing options. The paper uses a more-than-human lens to bring into dialogue the mobilities of these workers with notions of communal living, which are intrinsically tied to visa conditions and labour migration. In doing so, the paper contributes to broadening the understandings of how and where mobilities take shape, and the impacts that more-than-human agencies have on day-to-day life in communal living situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Assam Movement (1979–85) was one of the most significant political developments in the history of Assam. It demanded the detection and deportation of illegal immigrants from Assam. The movement passed through several phases, many of which involved violence. It includes the clashes between the agitators and the left-leaning political parties and organizations, which resulted in severe violence and even several fatalities. Certain works related to the violence and the Assam Movement provide information on the nature and timelines of those violence. However, there is a gap in the analysis of the reasons behind this development. Therefore, this paper attempts to understand the said gap historically. The primary sources for the study are archived files and documents. The study argues that the violence broke out as a result of the development of left politics, the emergence of regional political parties, and the left's involvement in the Assam Movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2016, California residents widely supported the passage of Proposition 58, which allowed non-English languages to be used in public education. This proposition was intended to benefit all students, especially the state's large Latinx K--12 student population, who tend to speak Spanish and English at home and in school. Yet educational resources to support multilingual students in the state's rural areas are scarce, and students consequently experience "English-only" learning spaces despite progressive educational policy. This article examines the educational experiences of multilingual rural Latinx students from California's San Joaquin Valley agricultural region using Chicana/Latina feminist pláticas methodology. Drawing on Anzaldúa's concept of mestiza consciousness, this study found that multilingual rural Latinx students are hyperaware of their linguistic marginalization within their K--12 schooling experiences and their migrant farm worker parents' exclusion by English-only U.S. institutions. Due to the institutional harm caused by English dominance in their communities, multilingual rural Latinx students were motivated to pursue professions in which they could give back to their communities by using their linguistic strengths and resources to transform language inequities. Implications for policymakers and practitioners are provided to ensure that rural multilingual students' linguistic and cultural backgrounds are centered and leveraged to support student learning and community well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Gender relations in farm laborer families are one important aspect that reflects the social and economic dynamics in rural Indonesia, especially in Enrekang Regency. Female farm laborers play dual roles, both in agricultural work and domestic responsibilities. However, their contributions are often not recognized equally in a society that is still patriarchal. Purpose. This study aims to understand the form of gender relations in female farm laborer families in Baraka District, and to analyze its impact on family welfare. Method. The method used in this study is a descriptive approach. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interview techniques with 101 female farm laborers, 61 husbands, 11 landowners, and 9 community leaders and local government officials, who were selected purposively. Participatory observation was also conducted to understand the daily dynamics of women in farm laborer families, especially related to the division of labor, access to resources, and decision making. In addition, document analysis was used to complement the information obtained from interviews and observations, in order to obtain a more comprehensive picture of the social and economic context in Baraka District. Results. The results of the study show that the division of labor is still dominated by patriarchal norms, where women have to play dual roles as workers in the fields and housekeepers. Women's access to resources, such as land and credit, is also very limited, hampering their ability to contribute optimally to agriculture. Strategic decisions in the family are generally made by men, while women are only involved in operational decisions. In addition, there is inequality in wages between female and male farm workers, even though the work done is the same. Conclusion. The conclusion of this study is that unequal gender relations hinder the welfare of women and farm laborer families as a whole. However, there is hope for change through education and empowerment of women, as well as more inclusive policy support from the government. Collaborative efforts are needed to create better gender equality in the rural agricultural sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reliance on foreign agricultural labourers is rapidly increasing in Canada. The Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SAWP) is the major federal program coordinating these placements, and Mexico, which runs the matching Programa de Trabajadores Agrícolas Temporales (PTAT), is the leading partner country, currently accounting for 43.8% of migrant farm workers in Canada. With the growing reliance on migrant workers, there are increasing concerns about their living and working conditions and calls for program and policy changes to better serve their needs and rights. According to Loo (2014), listening to and understanding workers' perspectives is critical to creating effective reforms. Our research aligns with this perspective. Through a focused ethnography approach, we engaged with nine Mexican seasonal farm workers who have the experience of participating in the PTAT in the Province of Alberta, where there have been few such participatory studies conducted. Using a food justice theoretical lens, qualitative data were gathered through PhotoVoice and semi-structured interviews to explore the factors influencing the health and well-being of nine Mexican farm labourers who are or have worked in Alberta through the PTAT. Participants also provided insights into what it meant to work and live as migrant labourers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Life as divididos, a word in Spanish that means divided, captures their sentiments about life as foreign temporary workers. This research gives voice to these individuals’ experiences and needs and, as such, provides insights into ways to improve their living and working conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing frequency and severity of wildfires due to climate change pose health risks to migrant farm workers laboring in wildfire‐prone regions. This study focuses on Sonoma County, California, investigating the effectiveness of air monitoring and safety protections for farmworkers. The analysis employs AirNow and PurpleAir PM2.5 data acquired during the 2020 wildfire season, comparing spatial variability in air pollution. Results show significant differences between the single Sonoma County AirNow station data and the PurpleAir data in the regions directly impacted by wildfire smoke. Three distinct wildfire pollution episodes with elevated PM2.5 levels are identified to examine the regional variations. This study also examines the system used to exempt farmworkers from wildfire mandatory evacuation orders, finding incomplete information, ad hoc decision‐making, and scant enforcement. In response, we make policy recommendations that include stricter requirements for employers, real‐time air quality monitoring, post‐exposure health screenings, and hazard pay. Our findings underscore the need for significant consideration of localized air quality readings and the importance of equitable disaster policies for protecting the health of farmworkers (particularly those who are undocumented migrants) in the face of escalating wildfire risks. Plain Language Summary: In Sonoma County, California, wildfires and wildfire smoke are becoming more frequent and severe due to climate change. This study looks at how wildfire smoke could impact farmworkers, who often work outdoors. By comparing data from different air quality monitors during the 2020 Sonoma County wildfires, we found that farmworkers are exposed to high pollution levels, with some monitors showing more pollution than others. We also found that the system for deciding when farmworkers should labor during wildfires needs to be more consistent and adequately protect their health. Based on our findings, we recommend better air quality monitoring, improved policies to protect farmworkers during wildfires, and more support for those affected by the pollution. This research highlights the need to prioritize the health and safety of farmworkers, especially as wildfires become more common. Key Points: The Agricultural Pass program challenges the safety of migrant farmworkers during extreme wildfiresRegional variabilities in air quality emphasize the importance of localized measurementsThe use of local low‐cost sensor data with recommended filtering and smoke correction, enhances health and safety air quality monitoring [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the emotional geographies underpinning the experiences of temporary agricultural workers who migrate yearly to fields of labour in Canada. The research is based on a transnational qualitative study in Quebec, Mexico, and Guatemala. To provide a theoretical framework for this article, we bring the concepts of geoeconomics and geographies of emotion into conversation. We then briefly present the history and evolution of temporary agricultural work, highlighting its deeply racialized and gendered nature. We argue that the mobilization and interiorization of a particular form of masculinity and emotional expression are central to both the exploitation of workers and their acceptance of their working conditions. These forms of masculinity and emotional expression are tightly bound to the workers' role as household providers. Workers demonstrate satisfaction and pride in fulfilling their roles while negotiating an ongoing fear of job loss if they do not comply with work expectations. We argue that this represents a new form of subaltern masculinity that underpins Canadian geoeconomic strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of parenting competences on child well-being is well-established. During the last years, parenting support initiatives have increased in several countries, namely in Spain, offering support to promote parents' childcare resources and competences, particularly for families at psychosocial risk. Recognizing the specificities of different subgroups of families, such as migrant families, allows the development of more tailored and effective interventions in the field of family support. However, there is a gap in the literature about parenting competences in migrant families. This article explores differences and similarities in parenting competences among 492 migrant and non-migrant parents involved in family preservation services in Spain, as well as examines the impact of these competences on children's well-being. Our findings revealed that migrant and non-migrant vulnerable families face similar needs in terms of parenting competences in domains covered by the existing family support interventions. However, we found a few differences in parenting competences between both populations, as well as in the impact of several parenting competences in children's well-being. Implications for research and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to describe the use and functionality that migrant women provide to social networks and the role they play in the social integration of migrant women. Using a qualitative methodology design, a virtual ethnography approach, and with the support of ATLAS, this research analyses 863 discursive threads of a WhatsApp group comprised of 123 migrant women belonging to an association related to the social and labour integration of the migrant population. The results indicate that the WhatsApp group is a reliable source of information as well as spaces of solidarity and emotional support among women who experience similar situations during the migration process. The originality of these results is that they provide insight into the uses of social networks by migrant women, on which there is little research, through observations in a WhatsApp group. Organisations working with migrant women should rethink the functionalities of these social networks and the importance of these tools in improving the social and labour integration of migrant women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the fact that the size and diversity of migrant populations and their descendants in Europe have increased substantially throughout the past decades, income dynamics of union dissolution have not been studied among populations with a migrant background in the European context. Using data from the Belgian Social Security Registers from 1999–2013, we estimate discrete-time event-history models of union dissolution for couples of Belgian, Southern European, Moroccan and Turkish origin. The results indicate a weaker link between household income and union dissolution among couples with a Southern European and Turkish background. Whereas couples without a migrant background experience the lowest union dissolution risks when incomes are evenly distributed, the male breadwinner model does not raise union dissolution risks of couples with a migrant background. Welfare dependency has a positive association with union dissolution among all couples but the threshold at which it raises union dissolution risks is higher for couples with a Moroccan or Turkish background. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine educational status of seasonal migrant agricultural worker (SMAW) families and their children, one of the vulnerable groups in Türkiye, under prepandemic conditions, as well as their access to educational services during the Covid-19 pandemic. In this study, designed according to the mixed research method, purposive sampling was used. The data were collected through face-to-face surveys, in-depth interviews, focus group interviews, and key person/institution interviews. The findings showed that adults and children in SMAW households were mostly primary or middle school graduates due to financial constraints, and unlike boys, girls dropped out of school due to gender-based reasons such as early marriage and the belief that girls should not be educated. With the pandemic, it revealed that the existing problems experienced by children in SMAW households regarding access to education and its sustainability have deepened further. The findings of this study suggest that without the development of necessary support mechanisms to increase the continuity of education for children who start working for the first time with their parents in the agricultural sector during the pandemic period, it is inevitable and permanent that the children who started working during this period will be disconnected from education in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maria L. Quintana's book, "Contracting Freedom: Race, Empire, and U.S. Guestworker Programs," examines temporary labor migration programs in the post-World War II U.S. state and the racialized nature of liberal citizenship. Quintana explores the efforts of New Deal officials and Senators who believed in using the power of the federal government to achieve racial equality and improve working conditions for both native and non-native workers. However, she highlights two major problems with this approach: the difficulty in escaping the racialized logic of liberal citizenship and the reliance on contracts that often led to coercion and exploitation. Quintana's book also compares various guestworker programs, such as the Bracero Program, Japanese internment, and Puerto Rican guestworker programs, to demonstrate the colonialism and coercion inherent in these programs. The book challenges assumptions about the postwar liberal consensus and raises questions about the effectiveness of the U.S. liberal-capitalist state in achieving racial equality. [Extracted from the article]

This paper analyzes how agents such as agricultural migrants, agricultural employers and local community representatives apply the dual frame of reference (DFR) to naturalize, rationalize and justify the presence of exploitative labor practices for agricultural migrants. The paper gives a qualitative account of social dynamics in two agricultural-dependent communities located in Northern California and South-Eastern Norway. Qualitative one-on-one interviews with agricultural migrant workers (n = 11), employers (n = 10) and community representatives (n = 12) were conducted in English and Spanish. Our findings demonstrate how DFR is utilized by employers to justify labor strategies that rely on migrant workers, employees to rationalize their participation in exploitive work, and by local community representatives to naturalize the exploitative labor practices of migrant workers in their community. Our research findings further add to the analysis by suggesting that the frames of reference are dynamic based on changes of material conditions in the home country. Lastly, we find a third frame of reference focused on the future of the agricultural worker and the hopes for future generations. Combined, these perspectives add to the understanding of the disempowerment of workers, lack of successful changes and overall, upkeeping of exploitative migrant labor systems in the agricultural industries and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nora Chapa Mendoza, a Chicana artist, was born in Texas in 1932 and overcame societal norms and cultural barriers to pursue her passion for art. Her work focuses on Hispanic and Indigenous life, immigration, and women, and she has been an artist-activist throughout her career, supporting civil rights initiatives for Chicana/os, American Indians, and women. Mendoza opened Galeria Mendoza, the first Latin American art gallery in Detroit, in 1981, but eventually closed it due to safety concerns. She continues to teach art and has gained international recognition for her paintings depicting migrant workers, which aim to bring dignity to their lives and raise awareness about their conditions. [Extracted from the article]

COVID-19 has made visible and deepened inequalities globally, while also manifesting the vital role of functional food, health, and care systems in a context of strong socio-ecological interdependencies. We here mobilize bio– and necro–politics to problematize the declaration of agricultural workers as 'essential' and the accompanying policies during the early months of the pandemic, focusing on the region of Lleida, Spain. We show how this proclaimed indispensibility was aiming mostly at securing cheap labor to agri-business while workers continued to be treated as expendable. An intersectionality lens allows us to understand discrimination and racism as health determinants, operating within and defining 'glocal' food necropolitics and COVID-19 biopolitics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the association between attachment storycompletions, as evaluated by a representational attachment measure, and theory of mind (ToM) among 204 socioeconomically disadvantaged children aged four to six years living in three distinct Turkish contexts: Seasonal migrant agricultural worker (SMAW) communities, residential group homes (RGHs), and rural villages. Attachment story-completions and ToM were found to be related to the distinct contexts children were living in. In the SMAW communities, higher number of children showed insecure dominant attachment, with only one in four having secure dominant attachment. About half of the children in the RGHs had insecure dominant attachment. However, the majority of village children exhibited secure dominant attachment. Furthermore, irrespective of the context, secure dominant attachment was found to have a substantial positive influence on children’s ToM. Findings suggest that early intervention programs tailored to address emotional needs and support cognitive skills may be the most effective in helping children in these contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For more than fifty years, Jamaican farm workers have been seasonally employed in Canada under the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP). In Canada, these workers live and work in conditions that make them vulnerable to various health issues, including poor mental health. This ethnographic study investigated Jamaican SAWP workers' mental health experiences in Southern Ontario. Several common factors that engender psychological distress among Jamaican workers, ranging from mild to extreme suffering, were uncovered and organised into five themes: (1) family, (2) work environments and SAWP relations, (3) living conditions and isolation, (4) racism and social exclusion, and (5) illness and injury. I found that Jamaican workers predominantly use the term 'stress' to articulate distress, and they associate experiences of suffering with historic plantation slavery. Analysis of workers' stress discourses revealed their experiences of psychological distress are structured by the conditions of the SAWP and their social marginalisation in Ontario. This article presents and discusses these findings in the context of SAWP power dynamics and concludes with policy recommendations aimed at improving the mental health of all SAWP workers. In foregrounding the experiences of Jamaican workers, this study addresses the dearth of research on the health and wellbeing of Caribbean SAWP workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports part of a doctoral study which investigated the resettlement experiences of African migrants in Australia (N= 115), and focuses upon the findings of those who participated in individual face-to-face interviews (N= 30). It examines the resettlement challenges facing African migrants in Western Australia (WA), such migration having increased in recent years. Although migrating to relatively wealthy countries such as Australia may be a cause for optimism among African migrants, the challenges associated with resettlement may have a negative effect on their well-being. The findings indicate that participants experienced a variety of resettlement challenges including separation experiences, language difficulties, parenting and cultural issues, under-employment and unemployment, financial problems, and racial discrimination. The study confirms the limited existing research, contributes to a better understanding of the major challenges affecting African migrants in Australia, and has implications for the formulation of effective policies and practices aimed at mitigating resettlement challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyses the dynamics of agency and social vulnerability of international migrant agricultural workers in intensive agriculture in Murcia (South‐East Spain). It engages with the work of a group of scholars who analysed the emergence and reproduction of Murcia as an intensive agricultural enclave by taking an expanded vision of social reproduction, which includes a subjective and contextual dimension in the definition of what constitutes a 'dignified life'. Based on a qualitative study of the life stories of foreign migrant agricultural workers and ex‐workers in Murcia, two main arguments are developed. Firstly, the idea of migrant workers' agency as intrinsically positive is evaluated as problematic. Secondly, agricultural labour conditions should be conceptualized as an independent social vulnerability driver. These findings contribute to the existing literature on migrant agricultural labour in Europe's intensive agriculture by pointing at migrants' exploitative and undesired labour market position rather than just at their suffered citizenship inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ontario Workplace Safety and Insurance Appeals Tribunal ruled that migrant farm workers from Jamaica are entitled to return to work and compensation for loss of earnings based on their local labor markets in Jamaica. The tribunal found that the structures of the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) prevent injured workers from returning to work in Ontario, causing ongoing loss of earnings. The tribunal also recognized the precariousness and vulnerability faced by migrant workers in the SAWP, rejecting the argument that they chose to participate in the program and benefited from it. Additionally, the tribunal acknowledged the existence of anti-Black racism in Ontario, which provides relevant context for understanding the issues faced by migrant farm workers. These decisions are likely to have far-reaching implications for the rights and protections of injured migrant farm workers in Ontario. [Extracted from the article]

The Ontario Workplace Safety and Insurance Appeals Tribunal in Canada recently ruled on a case involving four injured migrant farm workers who were denied workers' compensation benefits. The workers, who identified as Black, appealed the decision and the Tribunal ruled in their favor. The Tribunal determined that the workers' wage losses and return to work prospects should be based on available jobs in their home country of Jamaica, rather than fictional jobs in Ontario. The decision also addressed issues of systemic racism and the precarious employment status of seasonal agricultural workers. This document explores the issue of anti-Black racism and discrimination faced by Black individuals in various contexts, including the criminal justice system and the workplace. It emphasizes the importance of acknowledging and addressing racism in legal proceedings and highlights the challenges faced by seasonal agricultural workers, particularly those in the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP). The document concludes that these factors should be taken into account when evaluating evidence and making decisions in individual cases. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Textual is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

"All We Want is the Earth: Land, Labour and Movements Beyond Environmentalism" by Patrick Bresnihan and Naomi Millner is a book that challenges mainstream environmentalism and offers a new framework for understanding social and ecological crises. The authors argue that environmentalism should not focus solely on nonhuman land and ecologies, but also consider livelihoods, forms of labor, and histories of colonialism. They introduce the concept of resonance, which highlights how diverse social movements can support and build on one another to address ecological and social issues. While the book could have included more discussion on organized labor and industrial unions, it provides an alternate history of environmentalism and offers hope for a more just future. [Extracted from the article]

Canada has intensified its reliance on temporary foreign workers, including migrant agricultural workers (MAWs) who have contributed to its agriculture sector, rural economies, and food security for decades. These workers live and work in rural communities across Canada for up to two years. Thousands of MAWs engage in recurring cyclical migration, often returning to the same rural communities in Canada for decades, while others are undocumented. Yet MAWs do not have access to the supports and services provided for immigrant newcomers and pathways for permanent residence. The exclusion of these workers from such entitlements, including labour mobility, reinforces their precarity, inhibits their sense of belonging, and reflects the stratification built into Canada’s migration regime. This article draws on interviews with 98 MAWs in three migrant‐intensive regions in southwestern Ontario to examine how workers construct and describe support in relation to co‐workers, employers, residents, and community organizations. Drawing on conceptualizations of support as an important vehicle for social connection and inclusion that comprises social and citizenship belonging, we document how the strategies MAWs employ to forge connections are enabled or undermined by Canada’s Temporary Foreign Worker Program, community dynamics, and the broader forces of racialization, gender, and exclusion. This article contributes to the limited scholarship on the support landscape for MAWs, whose experiences foreground the contested nature of belonging and inclusion among migrant populations across smaller cities and rural areas.

Most migrant workers in Lampung are women from the informal sector; they suffer issues such as non-procedural departure, unpaid salaries, fraud, harassment, and trafficking as a result of working in Lampung, Indonesia's sixth largest province, for placing migrant workers. UUPMI No. 18/2017 was passed to ensure the safety of migrant workers and their families. The purpose of this research is twofold: first, to learn more about how Article 42 of UUPMI No. 18/2017 on local government responsibilities is practiced, and second, to learn more about what obstacles hinder the implementation of the law. Secondary and primary data from literature research, field investigations, and qualitative analysis are utilized to inform both normative and empirical legal approaches. Partially implemented is Article 42 of UUPMI No. 18/2017, which discusses the government's duty to safeguard the rights of migrant workers and to stop violence and TPPO against women in Lampung Province. Article 42 of UUPMI No. 18/2017 is not being implemented by village administrations due to a lack of personnel. Migrant farm workers from rural areas lack access to social programs, education, and resources due to a lack of financial support. Provincial, district, and municipal governments do not coordinate or share statistics with one another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the need to raise wages and overcome the low-wage job crisis. It highlighting the role of the quality profession in addressing this issue using modern tools and techniques; argues that a paradigm shift is necessary, where businesses should aim to add value to jobs to achieve high wages, high profits and low prices; and also provides examples and case studies to illustrate how improved work processes can lead to higher wages and lower costs.

Over the last ten years, temporary migration schemes in the horticultural sector have received increasing attention in the Global North. The often precarious conditions of such work have been recognised, however, little attention has been paid to horticultural workers with migration backgrounds who have gained permanent residency or citizenship in the host countries. Ethnographic fieldwork with Pacific farmworkers and their families with various migration statuses in Australia, including seasonal workers, irregular migrants, and permanent residents, revealed that precarious employment conditions in horticultural work impact Pacific people across and beyond different legal statuses, challenging the notion of a clear correlation between irregularity and precariousness. This includes the children of migrants with Australian citizenship who are often employed as casual farmworkers and find it difficult to secure any other work. We argue that their experiences are fundamentally related to their position as 'racialised' workers. This paper sheds light on this racialisation of farmwork and its implications for the experiences of Pacific people as residents and workers in regional Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper draws on Rosa's three dimensions of the structured phenomenology of time – daily time, longer time, and historical time – as a conceptual lens to analyse the lived experiences and structural framing of temporary farm work in the UK and to address the question: how is it that short-term precarious work remains the accepted solution for agricultural work even under conditions that challenge the status quo. We draw on qualitative research with farmers and workers conducted prior to and during Brexit and Covid-19. We note that farmers and workers alike have found ways to accept and adjust to seasonal migrant labour as a taken-for-granted solution to the pressures of daily farm life. Further, farmers contend that seasonal migrant work is essential to secure the longer-term viability of their farms, while migrant workers' longer-term view involves delayed gratification in a 'dual frame of reference'. Local workers, alternatively, cannot imagine farm work as providing a long-term future. When looking historically at farm life, farmers and workers alike invoke changing epochs, to explain current conditions as the conditions of our times, and thus to deny their own agency. Structural-economic shifts are thus never addressed and other ways of doing things never imagined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thailand's sex industry for same-gender sexual services for men has seen a shift to a predominantly migrant workforce, particularly in northern Thailand. The majority of male sex workers in Chiang Mai are ethnic Shan nationals from neighboring Myanmar. This research explores the lives of Shan migrant male sex workers, their adaptations to and survival strategies in the pre- and post-pandemic periods. The paper employs an intersectionality approach to understand how the intersections of class, gender, ethnicity, legal status, and the larger context of transnational sexual commodification shape the ways Shan migrant men engage in sex work. Based on two sets of data collected before and after the Covid-19 pandemic, the research explores how Shan male sex workers utilize their sexualities and other forms of capital while managing a plethora of risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of fruit, vegetables, and other horticultural crops in Canada relies upon the embodied labour of migrant agricultural workers who plant, prune, and harvest these crops. Using a feminist geopolitical lens, I foreground the bodies of these workers as these bodies are situated at the intersection of everyday lived experiences and systems of capitalist production through, in this case, Canada's Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP). Drawing on workers' experiences of their bodies in the context of the regulatory provisions of the SAWP, I highlight the contradictory disembodiment of agricultural workers at the same time that their bodies are necessary to provide the physical labour at the heart of fruit and vegetable production. The disembodiment of these workers is possible because of their status as racialized non-citizens: while Canadians can insist upon the recognition of their bodies, migrant agricultural workers cannot. The disjuncture between embodied labour and embodied subjectivities was exacerbated with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which disproportionately affected on migrant agricultural workers - through their bodies - while in Canada. Given the relative safety afforded to those who held citizenship (and other permanent) status in Canada, I argue that the active disembodiment of migrant agricultural workers in Canada demonstrates the ways that embodiment is a privilege that is tightly bound to citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID‐19 has had deep impacts on a wide range of vulnerable communities in Canada. Migrant agricultural workers in the southwestern region of Ontario were particularly impacted. Fearing the threat of the 'racialized foreign other', the Canadian state produced myriad securitization responses with heightened surveillance. This paper will examine both state and non‐state forms of securitization and the response from both workers and activists such as the advocacy group Justicia for Migrant Workers (J4MW). While there has been ample discussion of how vulnerable migrant agricultural workers were affected during the pandemic, there has been less attention paid to how state policies have heightened and targeted specific groups such as migrant agricultural workers through modes of securitization. Central to this was to ensure that labour needs would be met to ensure the viability of Canada's multi‐billion agricultural industry. This paper shows how securitization and control were vital to ensure no disruptions to production levels and Canada's role as a leading agricultural export producer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migrant farmworkers are a ubiquitous but invisibilised, expropriated and exploited component of the global agricultural economy. Their conditions took centre‐stage during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Fear of production disruption in the migrant labour‐intensive sectors led to foreign workers being deemed 'essential' in many countries, and exceptional procedures and regulations were instituted that further increased their exploitation, illnesses and deaths. However, the pandemic has not merely exposed the long‐established structures of racialised exploitation and expropriation in the domain of farm work. Although it exacerbated the precariousness of the living and working conditions defining the reality of migrant farm workers, there is evidence that the pandemic also strengthened farmworkers' individual and collective consciousness, along with forms of organisation and resistance. The symposium 'Migrant Farmworkers: Resisting and Organizing before, during and after COVID‐19' explores two dimensions reflected in migrant farmworkers' realities during the pandemic. First, the contributions look at the general conditions defining power structures and material outcomes within the political economy of agriculture before and during the pandemic. Second, they explore the conditions under which resistance and solidarity emerged to question established structures of exploitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does the COVID‐19 pandemic impact migrant worker visibility? This paper examines how the pandemic underscores the invisibility of Zimbabwean migrant farm workers employed at ZZ2, one of the largest commercial farms in South Africa. I argue that Zimbabweans are made invisible in three ways. First, employer and state restrictions on mobility, alongside rising xenophobia in South Africa, leave migrant workers hyper‐visible to ZZ2 management, yet invisible to most people outside the farm. Second, ZZ2 avoids discussion of its migrant workforce in public forums, even as it faces increased scrutiny for its treatment of its workers during the pandemic. Third, the most prominent critic of ZZ2—the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF)—grants migrant workers only a partial visibility as undifferentiated foreigners with no voice, a construction that ultimately maintains their invisibility at the company. Taken together, these interlocking forms of invisibilization diminish the structural and associational power of workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture is a mode of production that maintains its importance for humanity across all historical periods. Despite the development of technology and the mechanization that comes with it, agricultural labour continues to be the basic element of agricultural production. Seasonal work is one of the most common types of agricultural work, which is shaped by the different production conditions in a country. In Turkey, where agricultural product diversity is quite high due to a favourable climate, most agricultural workers migrate to different regions seasonally for work in agricultural production. Therefore, it is important to evaluate this group's problems and life experiences from sociocultural and economic perspectives. In this respect, research was carried out using qualitative techniques in the towns of Kavaklidere and Piyadeler in the Alasehir District of Manisa Province. These regions are important seasonal destinations for migrant agricultural workers during harvest periods. These regions produce 1/3 of the seedless raisins in the country. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 seasonal migrant agricultural workers determined by judgemental sampling, and semistructured observations were carried out in the research area. Based on the results of this research, this study reveals that seasonal migrant agricultural workers in the region live at standards far below the general welfare level of society. Workers generally do not have social security. However, seasonal agricultural work for migrants has turned into a regular work- and lifestyle. The most important reason for this situation is poverty in rural areas. The workers are different from the local people in terms of ethnic origin. However, there is a long-standing relationship of trust between the local people and the workers. Workers do not have any problems with wages. These are other factors that ensure the continuity of seasonal agricultural work. In this context, this study proposes that the project (METIP) carried out by the government for seasonal migrant agricultural workers in Turkey should be transformed into an employment-guaranteed national programme that includes solutions for all the problems identified in the field studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We implemented and evaluated a service delivery intervention (support model) to address the challenges faced by migrant agricultural workers in British Columbia, Canada. Three factors were identified that contributed to the effectiveness of the intervention: (1) face‐to‐face support and in‐person outreach towards connection; (2) accounting migrant workers' hierarchy of needs and addressing their basic needs first towards comprehensiveness; and (3) role clarity and communication between partners involved in supporting this population towards coordination. A final factor, wider constraints, referred to the wider context of migrant workers' lives including their temporary status, tied work permits, and lack of access to rights. These wider constraints, which were exacerbated by the COVID‐19 pandemic, underscore that until greater policy action is taken to address these workers' precarious status, support services can only offer a lifeline in troubled waters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This descriptive, observational paper utilizes the comparative case study approach to analyze the application of the HIPE™ Framework to two health campaigns addressing vaccine hesitancy in underserved communities. Exposure to inaccurate/misleading health information impacts vaccination adoption, especially for individuals with low health/digital literacy. Underserved groups—like minority, racial/ethnic, or rural populations—typically have lower literacy and higher rates of vaccine hesitancy. Grounded in persuasion and behavioral change theory, the Health Information Persuasion Exploration (HIPE™) Framework was applied to the Black/Haitian community in Miami-Dade, Florida and the Migrant Agricultural Worker Community in Central Valley, California. The campaigns addressed each community's unique characteristics via Detect, Analyze, Design, and Evaluate phases of the HIPE framework. Both campaigns achieved their respective vaccine uptake goals. For Miami-Dade, over 850 vaccinations were administered (the goal was 800 vaccinations), and vaccination rates increased by 25.22%. In Central Valley, vaccination rates for 5–11-year-old children in Merced and Stanislaus counties increased about 20% and 14%, respectively, and overall vaccination rates increased compared to surrounding counties. Discussion of the results and recommendations for future research highlight the potential efficacy of applying the HIPE™ Framework for developing health campaigns and response strategies to improve health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Labour exploitation of foreign agricultural workers is a widespread phenomenon in many Italian regions. This exploitation manifests itself not only through totally illicit practices but also through more veiled forms of grey and undeclared labor as contractual irregularities. This paper aims to present the results of a qualitative research carried out in Tuscany between 2021 and 2022 and to analyse the working and living conditions of migrant workers in the agricultural sector, the exploitation dynamics and the awareness level of the phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article charts the migration of ethnic Mexican agricultural workers to the Midwest in the years following the United States' entrance into World War I, the formalization of an interstate labor recruitment apparatus, and the role of ethnic intermediaries. The introduction of the term "Latino intermediary" here is used to describe the Mexican American truckers and crew leaders who most directly upheld the Midwest's agricultural industry and labor regime. From the end of World War I through the end of the Bracero Program, Latino intermediaries straddled the line between serving the interests of other ethnic Mexican migrant workers, growers, and themselves. While some intermediaries developed profitable business operations, their success often came at the expense of other Latino migrant agricultural workers. Examining the critical role of Latino intermediaries in sustaining Midwestern agribusiness deepens our understanding of how migration from the Southwest to the Midwest was managed and how Latinos negotiated emerging tensions of class and ethnicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Nine migrant agricultural workers died in Ontario, Canada, between January 2020 and June 2021. Methods To better understand the factors that contributed to the deaths of these migrant agricultural workers, we used a modified qualitative descriptive approach. A research team of clinical and academic experts reviewed coroner files of the nine deceased workers and undertook an accompanying media scan. A minimum of two reviewers read each file using a standardized data extraction tool. Results We identified four domains of risk, each of which encompassed various factors that likely exacerbated the risk of poor health outcomes: (1) recruitment and travel risks; (2) missed steps and substandard conditions of healthcare monitoring, quarantine, and isolation; (3) barriers to accessing healthcare; and (4) missing information and broader issues of concern. Conclusion Migrant agricultural workers have been disproportionately harmed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Greater attention to the unique needs of this population is required to avoid further preventable deaths.

Between the 1870s and 1914, tens of thousands of peasants left Austria-Hungary's easternmost provinces of Galicia and Bukovina, heading for the Americas. This article places this episode in the context of contemporary global labour migrations while also emphasizing the distinctive characteristics of this mass exodus. Unlike most migrants around the world, Galicians and Bukovinans emigrated overseas rather than internally; their destinations included the United States, Canada, Brazil and Argentina. By moving, the migrants transformed from objects of Austria's 'civilizing mission' in its eastern borderlands into vehicles for multiple, competing imperial expansion and civilizing projects overseas. From an obstacle to Austria's ambitions to modernize its eastern periphery, the peasant migrants turned into a disputed resource, simultaneously expanding and threatening Austria's sovereignty. Paradoxically, because they were less economically developed and more peripheral than their counterparts elsewhere in the empire, Galicians and Bukovinans were more sensitive to shifts in global labour markets than to the policies imposed by their own state officials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explains the importance of a communities of practice (CoP) model for continually aligning medical education and clinical transformation with contemporary health issues. It describes the evolution and advantages of using CoP as a model for transforming medical education and clinical practice and applies the CoP methodology to addressing the changing needs of socially vulnerable populations (LGBTQ [lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning], persons experiencing homelessness, and migrant farm workers). In conclusion, this article describes CoP-led activities, achievements, and value creation in medical education by the National Center for Medical Education Development and Research established at the Meharry Medical College. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses three forms of agrarian populism in Thailand: the "grassroots populism" of the Assembly of the Poor, the "reactionary populism" of the yellow shirts, and the "capitalist populism" of the red shirts. We examine how these three strands of populism are embedded within dynamics of agrarian change in Thailand and how the intellectual and activist orientation towards agrarian populism led to the neglect of labour, particularly agricultural migrant workers. We show how key ideological underpinnings of the Assembly's grassroots populism (Brass's "agrarian myth") could be appropriated for the agrarian component of both reactionary and capitalist populism. Rather than a new populism, we argue that a broad and popular challenge to right‐wing authoritarianism should develop inclusive class politics that embrace the rural–urban linkages that already define the social fabric of the new, rural, and agrarian precarious working class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global relationships of unequal power are perpetuated by academic knowledge production. The latter clearly reflect epistemic violence as well as geopolitical (im)balances of power and knowledge. Decolonializing forms of academic knowledge production and no longer speaking only about and on behalf of the subjects as other is thus an important component of qualitative social science from the perspective of research ethics. In this article, I look into the question of how researchers can develop the potential for reciprocal research through "missions" that are assigned to them by specific actors i.e., oppressed people in the field. To this end, I will present my reflections on research ethics using dialogues gathered in my ethnographic research in southern Spain on the practices of migrant farm workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]