Search

Organizations increasingly identify "dissent"-meaning the expression of disagreement with organizational strategies, decisions, or actions by employees who lack the power to execute change on their own-as a best practice and core value. But despite these pronouncements, employees at alllevels often remain silent. Even powerful directors on corporate boards routinely decline to express disagreement with what they assume is the majority consensus. Alarmingly, this mindset can extend to critical safety issues. When asked why they do not speak up, many employees cite a fear of adverse personal or professional repercussions. Others simply believe that speaking up is pointless because they will be ignored. When these attitudes prevail, firms are deprived of the important knowledge gains that result from dissent. In extreme cases, the lack of dissent can lead to major ethical lapses and even the loss of human life. This Article argues that organizational dissent is much more than a facet of management ethics and good institutional citizenship; it is a firmly embedded-albeit traditionally overlooked-feature of classic fiduciary law. By illuminating the strong pro-dissent norms that are inherent in the traditional duties of care, loyalty, and performance owed by corporate fiduciaries, this Article reconceptualizes dissent as a fiduciary duty. In so doing, it not only reinvigorates the academic and legal understanding of organizational dissent; it also gives new teeth to managerial efforts to stimulate meaningful dissent. A fiduciary understanding of dissent enhances organizational engagement with dissent and helps to re-center efforts to promote compliance, manage risk, and diversify all levels of organizations, including corporate boards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, huge technological changes have opened up possibilities and potentials for new socio-technological forms of violence, violation and abuse, themselves intersectionally gendered, that form part of and extend offline intimate partner violence (IPV). Digital IPV (DIPV)—the use of digital technologies in and for IPV—takes many forms, including: cyberstalking, internet-based abuse, non-consensual intimate imagery, and reputation abuse. IPV is thus now in part digital, and digital and non-digital violence may merge and reinforce each other. At the same time, technological and other developments have wrought significant changes in the nature of work, such as the blurring of work/life boundaries and routine use of digital technologies. Building on feminist theory and research on violence, and previous research on the ethics of digitalisation, this paper examines the ethical challenges raised for business, workplaces, employers and management by digital IPV. This includes the ethical challenges arising from the complexity and variability of DIPV across work contexts, its harmful impacts on employees, productivity, and security, and the prospects for proactive ethical responses in workplace policy and practice for victim/survivors, perpetrators, colleagues, managers, and stakeholders. The paper concludes with contributions made and key issues for the future research agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the centre of responsible management (RM) learning is the development of managerial competence for ethics, responsibility, and sustainability (ERS). Important contributions have been made from each: the ethics, responsibility, and sustainability disciplines. However, we are yet to integrate these disciplinary contributions into a comprehensive interdisciplinary RM competence framework that corresponds to the interdisciplinary nature of RM challenges. We address this priority in this paper and report on the findings of an integrative structured literature review of 224 management competence articles across the ERS disciplines. Our thematic template analysis has produced an interdisciplinary RM competence framework of three layers of personal, behavioural, and intellectual competences and independent and interdependent competence dimensions. The resulting 3 × 2 competence matrix framework accommodates 33 interdisciplinary ERS competence themes and 90 subthemes in the six competence domains of being and becoming, acting and interacting, knowing and thinking. To the RM discussion, we contribute an interdisciplinary competence framework that enables the development of responsible managers who tackle the inherently interdisciplinary issues of RM. To the competence discussion, we contribute the interdependent competence dimension and future research directions through the lens of response-ability. JBE Section: Business Ethics Learning and Education [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HR managers are specialists who adjust all processes of search, adaptation, motivation, development and evaluation of company personnel, so they must perform their professional duties in accordance with established standards of moral ethics. The article examines the level of definition of the concepts of "professional ethics" and "HR-management" in the works of scientists, and proves the need to consider the general concept of "professional ethics in HR management". A number of ethical issues in HR-management that arise during employment, determination of rewards and benefits in labor relations, as well as possible consequences of unethical behavior that manifests itself in the form of business risk and can negatively affect the activities of the business entity are highlighted. The process of ensuring compliance with professional ethics through personnel policy, adoption of ethical codes and establishment of organizational structure is outlined. Measures are proposed to implement the norms of professional ethics in the personnel sphere in the forms of establishing uniform rules for the activities of the company's employees; giving priority to the professional development of each staff member and taking into account his moral and psychological state to ensure competitiveness in the market; implementation of the principles of inclusion and diversity in the selection of personnel, their development and motivation; conducting relevant trainings; ensuring the confidentiality of personnel information; development of local codes of ethics adapted to the conditions of the enterprise. Thus, compliance with ethics in HR-management ensures the company's image, customer loyalty and increased attractiveness among qualified employees on the labor market.

This article explores the role of social responsibility in improving environmental performance in industrial establishments. It emphasizes the importance of investing in activities that align with ethical values and promote social responsibility. The article discusses the benefits of adopting an environmental performance strategy, such as gaining a competitive advantage and avoiding a lack thereof. It also highlights the ethical responsibilities of management and institutions in managing their relationship with the environment. The article suggests that incorporating social responsibility can enhance an organization's reputation and long-term success. Additionally, the article references various sources that provide insights into social responsibility in different contexts, including business organizations in Algeria, banks in Jordan, the modern university office, and its relationship to worker performance. [Extracted from the article]

Human Quality Treatment (HQT) is a theoretical approach expressing different ways of dealing with employees within an organization and is embedded in humanistic management tenants of dignity, care, and personal development, seeking to produce morally excellent employees. We build on the theoretical exposition and present a measure of HQT-Scale across several studies including cross-culturally to enhance confidence in our results. Our first study generates the 25 items for the HQT-Scale and provides initial support for the items. We then followed up with a large study of managers (n = 363) from Nigeria in study 2, which confirms the theoretical properties of the five dimensions of HQT and highlights a two-factor construct: HQT Ethically Unacceptable and HQT Ethically Acceptable using a 20-item HQT-Scale. Study 3 with a large sample of New Zealand employees (n = 452) again confirms the nature of the construct and provides construct validity tests. Finally, using time-lagged data, study 4 (n = 308) focuses on New Zealand employees and job attitudes and behaviors, and a well-being outcome. That study not only confirms the theoretically implied effects but also shows the HQT Ethically Acceptable factor mediates the detrimental effects of HQT Ethically Unacceptable. Overall, our four studies provide strong support for the HQT-Scale and highlight important understandings of HQT and humanistic management in the workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper was to examine the influence of determinants of business ethics, for instance, HR management ethics, ethics in corporate governance, and ethics in sales and marketing on organizational performance. The paper also examined mediation of human capital, structural capital and relational capital (dimensions of intellectual capital) in the connection between business ethics and organizational performance. Additionally, this research examined show technological change moderates between business ethics and organizational performance. Researchers collected 474 responses from March 2022 to November 2022 from the information technology sector in various cities in South Asian countries, including India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, through structured questionnaires. PLS-SEM modeling was used for data analysis; we evaluated the measurement and structural models for this purpose. The research results suggest that ethics in corporate governance, HR management ethics, and ethics in sales and marketing have a notably positive effect on business ethics, leading to a substantial and affirmative impact on organizational performance. The findings also revealed a significant mediating influence of human capital, structural capital, and relational capital between exogenous variables and organizational performance. The findings further suggest that technological change significantly and positively moderates the relationship between business ethics and organizational performance in the high-tech industry. This research offers a novel modified conceptual framework that provides substantial theoretical and managerial implications to research scholars and industry practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's engineering practice is faced with acute and complex ethical issues in the new era. The ethical improvement of engineering management lags behind the rapid growth of engineering construction, which hinders the effective solution of ethical issues and the high-quality development of Chinese engineering. Using methods of theoretical analysis, case study, and expert interviews, and considering the significant role of engineering managers and the incomplete applicability of engineering ethics for engineers in China's engineering practice, we elaborate the demand for transforming key ethical objects and conducting research on engineering management ethics. Moreover, we summarize the implications of engineering management ethics at the micro, meso, and macro levels, discuss the negative impacts of engineering on society and environment and the causes of corresponding ethical issues, present the dynamic development of engineering management ethical issues from the perspective of engineering evolution, and propose five basic ethical principles for engineering managers in practice. To promote the construction of engineering management ethics in China, we suggest that engineering management ethics education and training should be provided to cultivate and motivate engineering managers to enhance ethical awareness, actively undertake ethical responsibilities, improve moral competence, develop ethical leadership, and exert ethical wisdom; the promotion and application of management ethics guidelines should be supported to provide guidance for solving ethical issues in the whole lifecycle of engineering and to improve the overall ethical environment of the society.

It has been suggested that moral courage in the workplace supports more robust application of regulatory principles. A workforce with the courage to act on moral imperative, it is argued, can bolster corporate governance and promote both more stable business organisations and greater economic stability at large. Research in the area investigates the bases of moral courage, a central implication being that businesses should invest in ethical training as a matter of public policy. It is standard to present moral courage as the strength of will to do the morally right thing. From a managerial perspective, however, this distorts the normative character of the kind of issues managers typically face. Doing the morally right thing commonly entails inflicting permissible harms. Such harms, though permissible, can be a source of moral concern to the conscientious manager. A difficulty for the standard account, then, is that moral courage may be expected in scenarios in which the moral implications of the manager's action have not been fully assessed. In this paper, an alternative account of moral evaluation is presented that incorporates the concern around permissible harms. The basis of such concern is found to be manager‐regret. Building on this foundation, we can establish a new definition of moral courage, that understands the right action to be that which entails defensible harms, and requires courage because those harms will likely have to be defended. It should be recognised in the academic literature that moral courage has this intellectual dimension. Furthermore, managerial training and practice should reflect this understanding of moral courage if its benefits to public policy, in particular corporate governance, are to be realised. The thesis takes a novel approach to the topic that draws, centrally, on the work of Bernard Williams, Martha Nussbaum and Søren Kierkegaard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The theoretical goal is to learn what ethical values are actually present in management concepts. We achieve this goal by analysing the content of management manuals. The practical goal is to draw the attention of the authors of textbooks and people teaching the basics of management to ethical deficiencies present in management textbooks and, as a result, deficiencies in the education of people studying management. Design/methodology/approach: In the article, we used a quantitative and qualitative content analysis method. This method consists in a systematic study of the content of a text in search of the most frequently occurring words and concepts. The aim is to discover ethical content in management textbooks. Findings: In the analysed textbooks, only an outline of ethics can be found as a set of moral norms and values recognized/preferred in the business environment in business activity. However, we will not find ethics understood as a philosophical reflection on morality/ethos. We also found a great deal of variation in management textbooks regarding the presence of ethical values. Research limitations/implications: In the study, we took into account nine popular management textbooks. This made it possible to determine the dominant ethical content in the entire group of textbooks, without the possibility of formulating binding conclusions regarding the differentiation between various teaching and research centres. Practical implications: The results achieved may become an inspiration to write textbooks on the basics of management with more extensive ethical threads, adequate to the humanistic challenges facing management. Social implications: The results of the study may make us aware of the need to prepare management manuals that will prepare managers for ethical management. Originality/value: Conclusions regarding management ethics are formulated on the basis of empirical research. In the study, we used content analysis (qualitative and quantitative) not used in ethical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify the effects of Management Ethics on Performance from an Islamic Perspective at Al-berga Oil Marketing Company. The problem is lack of employee's awareness of their duties, it led to negative effect on employee performance. Moreover, there are absence of using Islamic perspective to improve management ethics to achieve organization goals. The study highlighted the career rights in Libyan organization in particular Al-berga Oil Marketing Company. Study followed research quantitative research method approach to determine the effects of employee's awareness to their duties and carrier rights on employee's performance. The results show there is a significant relationship between employee's awareness to their duties and employees performance at Al-berga Oil Marketing Company In Libya. Moreover, there is a significant relationship between carrier rights on employee's performance at Al-berga Oil Marketing Company In Libya. Continuing scientific research and expanding the scope of the study, contributing to the study comparing many public and private companies to learn about the ethics of management and its impact on employee performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many management theories have descriptive and normative elements, and no management theory used to generate prescriptions can be totally devoid of normative assumptions. Yet, there remain few useful models for assessing the relative strength or utility of the normative frameworks that inform most management theorizing. In this essay, we offer a model from a field of art rather than science. We introduce the poetry of early twentieth century American writer Hart Crane as providing such a model. Crane uses a panorama of consequences to examine modern social phenomena and subject them to normative evaluation. We argue that management theorists can use a similar panorama of consequences method to "test" normative theories by assessing the directional consistency of the normative evaluations the theories generate about an empirical phenomenon or relationship, as well as how extensively the theories' normative evaluations cover the full scope of a phenomenon's or relationship's impact. We explicate an exemplar poem of Crane's, and then demonstrate how his method might be used to study shareholder activism, a normatively ambiguous management practice, in a way that illuminates the strengths and weaknesses of the relevant normative frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural changes we see today call for a thorough study of servant leadership. They originate from the spread of conscious consumption and the formation of new norms. Within this novel set of expectations, the leader figure is not reduced to their professional characteristics but needs to meet specific personal qualities (virtues), for example, modesty and selfless willingness to serve one’s subordinates in their professional and personal growth. The literature review has revealed a growing number of works on servant leadership in English. At the same time, references to historical precedents indicate that imposing values outweigh a strictly theoretical analysis. The value-driven approach aims to impact means and instruments of governance at a conscious level, to match political leadership with sustainable development, and defy extensive consumption. We set to study prospects and limitations of applying new norms to modern societies and of assuming such a leadership style in various national cultures. The research focuses on governance discourse that embraces the concepts of service, humility, and modesty. The authors addressed the following research questions: what is the theory of servant leadership today? What is the role of value theory (axiology) in culture, both in its economic, political, and social dimensions? These questions are novel in modern Russian philosophy. Thematic analysis of literature on the topic has shown essential characteristics of a servant leader and made it possible to provide a compatible definition. The study concentrates on the understanding and functioning of the concept of service in Russian national culture and goes beyond its economic interpretation. The methods of anthropology and axiology, thick description, case study, and SWOT analysis were utilized. The paper finds conditions for implementing the servant type of leadership in Russia to achieve better results both in politics, and in business. Promotion of servant leadership is possible via PR strategies that exploit service as a general cultural phenomenon.

Despite extensive research on organizational virtue, our understanding about factors that promote virtue within organizations remains unclear. Drawing on upper echelon theory, we examine the relationship between five top management team (TMT) characteristics and organizational virtue orientation (OVO)—the integrated set of values and beliefs that support ethical traits and virtuous behaviors of an organization. Specifically, we utilize prospectuses of initial public offering (IPO) firms and 10-K post-IPO filings to explore how TMT composition with respect to member age, tenure, education, functional background, and gender influences OVO. Additionally, we examine the moderating effects of organizational size, and argue that the more expansive structures and processes associated with larger organizations diminish the main relationships. Our findings, using two sources of data, are consistent, but somewhat mixed in their support for our hypotheses. Overall, TMT characteristics do appear to influence OVO, but in more complex and counterintuitive ways than initially expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competing Interests: P.A.B. is the owner of Airway Simulation Limited, which manufactures the ORSIM bronchoscopy simulator. He operates and teaches on the Airway Skills course. The remaining authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Children dependent on life-prolonging medical technology are often subject to a constant background risk of sudden death or catastrophic complications. Such children can be cared for in hospital, in an intensive care environment with highly trained nurses and doctors able to deliver specialised, life-saving care immediately. However, remaining in hospital, when life expectancy is limited, can considered to be a harm in of itself. Discharge home offers the possibility for an improved quality of life for the child and their family but comes with significant medical risks.When making decisions for children, two ethical models predominate, the promotion of the child's best interests or the avoidance of harm. However, in some circumstances, particularly for children with life-limiting and/or life-threatening illness, all options may be associated with risk. There are no good options, only potentially harmful choices.In this paper, we explore decisions made by one family in such circumstances. We describe a model adopted from risk management programmes beyond medicine, which offers a potential framework for identifying risks to the child that are morally permissible. Some risks and harms to a child, not ordinarily permitted, may be acceptable when undertaken in the pursuit of a specified desired good, so long as they are as low as reasonably practicable., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)

Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Competing Interests: The author reports no conflicts of interest.

Background: During health emergencies, effective infodemic management has become a paramount challenge. A new era marked by a rapidly changing information ecosystem, combined with the widespread dissemination of misinformation and disinformation, has magnified the complexity of the issue. For infodemic management measures to be effective, acceptable, and trustworthy, a robust framework of ethical considerations is needed., Objective: This systematic scoping review aims to identify and analyze ethical considerations and procedural principles relevant to infodemic management, ultimately enhancing the effectiveness of these practices and increasing trust in stakeholders performing infodemic management practices with the goal of safeguarding public health., Methods: The review involved a comprehensive examination of the literature related to ethical considerations in infodemic management from 2002 to 2022, drawing from publications in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Policy documents and relevant material were included in the search strategy. Papers were screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria, and core thematic areas were systematically identified and categorized following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. We analyzed the literature to identify substantive ethical principles that were crucial for guiding actions in the realms of infodemic management and social listening, as well as related procedural ethical principles. In this review, we consider ethical principles that are extensively deliberated upon in the literature, such as equity, justice, or respect for autonomy. However, we acknowledge the existence and relevance of procedural practices, which we also consider as ethical principles or practices that, when implemented, enhance the efficacy of infodemic management while ensuring the respect of substantive ethical principles., Results: Drawing from 103 publications, the review yielded several key findings related to ethical principles, approaches, and guidelines for practice in the context of infodemic management. Community engagement, empowerment through education, and inclusivity emerged as procedural principles and practices that enhance the quality and effectiveness of communication and social listening efforts, fostering trust, a key emerging theme and crucial ethical principle. The review also emphasized the significance of transparency, privacy, and cybersecurity in data collection., Conclusions: This review underscores the pivotal role of ethics in bolstering the efficacy of infodemic management. From the analyzed body of literature, it becomes evident that ethical considerations serve as essential instruments for cultivating trust and credibility while also facilitating the medium-term and long-term viability of infodemic management approaches., (©Federico Germani, Giovanni Spitale, Sandra Varaidzo Machiri, Calvin Wai Loon Ho, Isabella Ballalai, Nikola Biller-Andorno, Andreas Alois Reis. Originally published in JMIR Infodemiology (https://infodemiology.jmir.org), 29.08.2024.)

Purpose of Review: As artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are becoming more pervasive in medicine, understanding their ethical considerations for chronic pain and headache management is crucial for optimizing their safety., Recent Findings: We reviewed thirty-eight editorial and original research articles published between 2018 and 2023, focusing on the application of AI and ML to chronic pain or headache. The core medical principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice constituted the evaluation framework. The AI applications addressed topics such as pain intensity prediction, diagnostic aides, risk assessment for medication misuse, empowering patients to self-manage their conditions, and optimizing access to care. Virtually all AI applications aligned both positively and negatively with specific medical ethics principles. This review highlights the potential of AI to enhance patient outcomes and physicians' experiences in managing chronic pain and headache. We emphasize the importance of carefully considering the advantages, disadvantages, and unintended consequences of utilizing AI tools in chronic pain and headache, and propose the four core principles of medical ethics as an evaluation framework., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

The paper is dedicated to two main issues, namely (1) the representation of general Islamic ethics, the analysis of its specific methodology of moral validation by referring to the Qur'an and Sunna, and its interconnectivity with the Islamic law – Shari’a, as well as to (2) presenting Islamic managerial ethics as a derivative from the general Islamic ethics when it comes to both building moral arguments and propagating the proper moral behavior by promoting moral virtues and normatively analyzing what is right and wrong in the particular business situation. Among the used methods, there was content analysis, comparable analysis, inference, and the evolution of the normative theories. Then, the very Islam-specific confluence of ethics and law is discussed. These data are presented and analyzed as a required context for proper understanding of applied ethics in Islam, and in the case of this paper – Islamic managerial ethics.

In the fiqh of Waqf, a relationship between man and society, man and money is manifested. A Waqf is the transfer of "money" from the property of a "human"; to "the rule of God's property" in the form of public benefit. This transfer is related to a set of operations: Indicating the credibility of the mother process: the Waqf in real life: effectiveness of people, and benefits for them. The Maqasid approach to the jurisprudence of the Waqf connects the endowment's goals in achieving private and public interests and its mechanisms, and consists of a system of milestones that start from the fields of interests, their priorities, their scopes, the scales of major and subtle interests and corruptions, their balances, the means and mechanisms of achieving them, and finally anticipating their consequences. The matter is also related to the world of values. The Waqf has its values and morals. It is filled with the values of righteousness, altruism, and the love of goodness for others, or what is called Otherness. Accordingly, this paper clarifies the link between Waqf ethics and their effectiveness in society, through a Maqasid-value approach, and attempts to answer the question of the "possibilities" of Waqf ethics in creating a qualitative "societal effectiveness". This is done through three main axes: (1) the concept of society effectiveness and its connection to the Waqf, (2) the ethics of the Waqf and its connection to its Maqasid (purposes), and (3) the renewal of society effectiveness with Waqf ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This special issue focuses on the developments in ethical standards in the post-communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) including the former Soviet Union. Over thirty years have elapsed since the demise of the Soviet Bloc and, despite some common institutional features, the societies have had very different experiences with uneven developments across the region since the collapse of communism. In this special issue, the authors explore business and management ethics situated within the context of the challenges that face these still transforming post-communist societies. The papers cover a range of issues and countries including Albania, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia. Potential further avenues for research are identified in the field of business ethics in post-communist societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pediatric procedure-related pain management is often incompletely understood, inadequately addressed, and critical in influencing a child's lifelong relationship with the larger health care community. We highlight the evolution of ethics and expectations around optimizing periprocedural pain management as a fundamental human right. We investigate the state-of-the-art of topical anesthetics, reviewing their mechanisms of action and providing comparisons of their relative safety and efficacy data to help guide clinical selection. In total, this two-part review offers a combination of conventional approaches and innovative techniques that should be used multimodally-in series and in parallel-to help optimize pain management and provide alternatives to sedation medication and general anesthesia., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of biosafety in the biomedical sciences. While it is often assumed that biosafety is a purely technical matter that has little to do with philosophy or the humanities, biosafety raises important ethical issues that have not been adequately examined in the scientific or bioethics literature. This article reviews some pivotal events in the history of biosafety and biosecurity and explores three different biosafety topics that generate significant ethical concerns, i.e., risk assessment, risk management, and risk distribution. The article also discusses the role of democratic governance in the oversight of biosafety and offers some suggestions for incorporating bioethics into biosafety practice, education, and policy., (© 2024. This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply.)

Abstract: Dilemmas regarding opioid prescribing for chronic pain frequently occur within health care settings. The ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice, as well as the principles of care ethics, can assist in addressing these opioid-related dilemmas. The purpose of this clinical case study is to provide a case study highlighting an opioid prescribing dilemma and then identify opioid-related transition considerations; address ethical questions that nurse practitioners (NPs) may encounter in clinical practice when providing care for individuals living with chronic pain who may need or use a prescribed opioid medication; and draw on the ethical principles and care ethics to provide guidance for NPs who face these challenging issues., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 American Association of Nurse Practitioners.)

In this article, we explore the Corporate Social Performance (CSP) of Developing Country Multinationals (DMNCs). We argue that in competing internationally, DMNCs often face both reputation and legitimacy deficits, which they address by improving their CSP. We develop a series of hypotheses to explain the variation in CSP between DMNCs and domestic-only firms from developing countries and also examine variations in CSP between DMNCs depending on the extent of their multinationality and portfolio of host countries. Our findings support all our hypotheses, which suggest that DMNCs display enhanced levels of CSP compared to their domestic-only counterparts. CSP is also found to be positively related to the DMNCs’ degree of multinationality, but with a declining incremental impact, whereas entry into developed markets leads to a greater improvement in DMNCs’ CSP than expansion into developing markets. We highlight the implications of our findings for managers and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we provide an overview of the literature on ethics and social responsibility of developing country multinationals (DMNEs) and an introduction to the contributions of the articles in this special section. With the rising influence of DMNEs in the global economy, there is increasing interest in applying descriptive, explanatory, and normative theories to understand the ethics and CSR behavior and practices of DMNEs. This article provides an overarching review of perspectives first from ethics, CSR, and business and society, and then from international business and management scholarship. We identify limits and gaps in the current literature and show how the articles in our special section contribute to fill these gaps. We highlight the emerging, transitional and distinct features of DMNEs that are different from their domestic and foreign counterparts. The very limited extant literature and the contributions of this special section underscore the influence of institutional voids and duality that appear to prompt DMNEs to pursue CSR as a signaling mechanism to gain legitimacy, overcome liabilities of foreignness and obtain a “license to operate” in developed countries. We outline the key contributions from the articles in this special section and discuss the future research agenda espoused by the issues raised in these articles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extant literature on cross-national differences in approaches to corporate social responsibility (CSR) has mostly focused on developed countries. Instead, we offer two inter-related studies into corporate codes of conduct issued by developing country multinational enterprises (DMNEs). First, we analyse code adoption rates and code content through a mixed methods design. Second, we use multilevel analyses to examine country-level drivers of differences in code content—specifically, elements of a country’s National Business System (NBS). We find that DMNEs are much more likely to adopt a code of conduct than their domestic counterparts; however, this does not translate into greater code comprehensiveness. We also find support for the ‘substitute view’ of CSR in developing countries, i.e. that MNEs from poorer countries and from countries with lower governance effectiveness tend to express more comprehensive commitments. However, this dynamic does not extend to a country’s labour system; instead, CSR appears here to match the efficiency of a country’s labour market, thus reflecting the ‘mirror view’ of CSR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to clarify the effect of adherence to management ethics against the administrative corruption at the fisc direction of M'sila. the problem of the study was formulated to find out the impact of adherence to the ethics of management in its three dimensions (individual ethics, ethics of manager and the organizational culture) in reducing administrative corruption In light of this, a model for the study was prepared and tested using the SmartPLS, on a sample of 60 questionnaires and a descriptive analytical approach was used to describe the study variables and analyze the collected data, and through the analysis a significant effect was demonstrated. a statistical indication of the combined dimensions of management ethics in the prevention of administrative corruption at the level of the tax directorate in M'sila and to varying degrees between each of them, so the leadership ethics (the director) were more influential in the prevention of administrative corruption, and as for individual ethics and organizational culture, their impact was weak in preventing corruption Administrative at the level of the tax directorate in M'sila. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is dedicated to two main issues, namely (1) the representation of general Islamic ethics, the analysis of its specific methodology of moral validation by referring to the Qur'an and Sunna, and its interconnectivity with the Islamic law - Shari'a, as well as to (2) presenting Islamic managerial ethics as a derivative from the general Islamic ethics when it comes to both building moral arguments and propagating the proper moral behavior by promoting moral virtues and normatively analyzing what is right and wrong in the particular business situation. Among the used methods, there was content analysis, comparable analysis, inference, and the evolution of the normative theories. Then, the very Islam-specific confluence of ethics and law is discussed. These data are presented and analyzed as a required context for proper understanding of applied ethics in Islam, and in the case of this paper - Islamic managerial ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Economic Administrative & Legal Sciences is the property of Arab Journal of Sciences & Research Publishing (AJSRP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although prior work has shown that employees with ethical leaders are less likely to engage in deviant or unethical behaviors, it is unknown whether all employees respond this way or to the same extent. Drawing on social learning theory as a conceptual framework, this study develops and tests hypotheses suggesting that two follower characteristics--conscientiousness and core self-evaluation--moderate the negative relationship between ethical leadership and workplace incivility. Data from employees of a U.S. public school district supported our predictions. Implications and future research directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I inquire into Confucian ethics from a non-ideal stance investigating the complex interaction between Confucian ideals and the reality of the modem workplace. I contend that even Confucian workers who regularly engage in social rites at the workplace have an internal, Confucian reason to appreciate the value of rights at the workplace. I explain, from a Confucian non-ideal perspective, why I disagree with the presumptuous idea that labor (or workplace) rights are necessarily incompatible with Confucian ideals and values. Specifically, I argue that if managers were "sages," the highest moral exemplars and authorities in the Confucian tradition, they would perceive that social rituals alone are often not a contextually intelligent and valued response for the development of intimate communities in the modem workplace. The sage perspective will lead Confucian managers to realize, from their own moral perspective, that they have good reason to balance rites with rights, so long as the adoption is extrinsically valuable and consistent with the Confucian ideal. This article contributes to the debates about Confucianism's compatibility with rights, helps Western human rights scholars better contextualize their arguments in Confucianism-influenced cultures, and contributes to the development of a Confucian or Chinese approach to business ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates some of the information conditions necessary for the preservation of police officers' individual and collective moral agency, particularly the virtues of integrity and constancy, which can diminish in markedly rule-based, informationally impoverished, or corrupt work environments. We focus on one particular work from philosopher Alasdair MacIntyre, who explores the threat of social structures to moral agency by using the hypothetical case of J whose job it was to make the trains run on time while avoiding questions about the cargo. J 's supervisors and the broader social structure he occupies inhibited his capacity to be a full moral agent. In order to illustrate the relevance and application of MacIntyre's argument to policing and the good justice, including the wider philosophical and economic problems of compartmentalization of moral agency, we draw from his framework to consider our own case study in policing inspired by a challenging era within the recent history of the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department (USA). Implications for leadership and management in policing are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a new perspective for understanding firm responsiveness to stakeholder concerns, we propose a strategic cognition view of issue salience-that is, the degree to which a stakeholder issue resonates with and is prioritized by management. Specifically, we explain how a firm's cognitive structures of organizational identity and strategic frames use different core logics to influence managerial interpretation of an issue as salient. We then present a typology of firm responsiveness and suggest that firms will respond more substantially to those issues perceived as salient to both cognitive logics and more symbolically to those issues perceived as salient to only one logic. This article fills key gaps in our understanding of how firms manage and respond to stakeholders by focusing on the salience of the issue and incorporating strategic cognition as a key mediating mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of top-management support and corporate social responsibility (quality citizenship) practices on employee involvement and operational performance (internal quality results). Structural equation modelling has been used to examine the relationship between corporate social responsibility, employee involvement, and operational performance in the petroleum industry. The findings suggest that corporate social responsibility has a significant impact on employee involvement. The empirical analysis provides support for some of the arguments regarding the failure of quality management programmes in promoting employee participation and involvement. The result suggests that implementation of corporate social responsibility would have a positive effect on the formation of ‘moral capital’ of the firm through enhancing employee involvement. The paper provides a new perspective on successful implementation of quality systems and how organisations can design, develop, and maintain sustainable quality programmes. Implications of the research to practice and future research have been outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper focuses on selected aspects of management ethics, which can be a very important factor influencing the behaviour and performance of employees. The aim of the paper is to analyze selected aspects of management ethics in the Czech business environment and to evaluate the seriousness of management ethics issues. The paper follows two main approaches: management ethics and ethical leadership. Based on the literature review, a questionnaire is used to collect data from 50 respondents who are all active in management positions. A statistical evaluation of gained results is processed and the results confronted with the theoretical background. The findings show that management ethics and ethical leadership are of big importance to managers. Managers should concentrate on such issues as bribery and communication regardless of the economic sector and number of employees in the company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A powerful set of projections has constructed post-apartheid higher education in South Africa. Among these is the expectation that technikons (institutions similar to the British polytechnics) would become universities of technology, with a mission to drive the technology of national reconstruction and development. In this paper, one of the new universities of technology serves as a case study to explore organizational structure and to highlight the ethics of university management and leadership. Building a new university provides the opportunity to place ethics "upfront", rather than as an afterthought, by constructing an organizational framework that makes ethical issues integral to management and decision-making processes. In imagining the structure of a university of technology, the authors were inspired by future scripting methods developed by Bastiaan De Laat, and by Duncan Den Boer, Arie Rip and Sandra Speller. The research process firstly involved the identification of themes related to values and ethics through an analysis of the environment. These themes were incorporated into three scenarios of possible futures for this new university type. Using these scenarios, the ethical issues that emerged (according to how the university of technology might choose to organise itself), are compared with the original themes. Conclusions are then drawn with regard to management structures that are hierarchical and entrench compliance, or that are traditionally collegiate and expertise-based, or that might enable mutual appreciation and allow for leaders to emerge within any functional space at a university of technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a contribution to the discussion of how religious perspectives can improve business ethics. Two such perspectives are in natural law of antiquity and recent Catholic social doctrine and teaching (CSD/T). This paper develops a conceptual framework from natural law and CSD/T that business leaders can adopt to build an ethos of humanistic management. This "Human Dignity-Centered" framework fills the gap between time-tested Christian norms and contemporary firm-leaders' concrete needs. "Human dignity" is used as a rhetorical device to convey the idea that firms are composed of dynamic social networks, with an ultimate purpose of serving human needs. Ultimately, the principles and virtues the framework employs have a logic that should inspire excellence, as ethical practices and concern for human welfare lay a foundation for long-term business prosperity. In a one-frame visual representation, this paper portrays: firm leadership challenges; a transforming ethical prism of principles and virtues; and results and feedback mechanisms. The accompanying narrative describes each element and how each affects humanistic management. Finally, illustrative company examples and questions are provided to illustrate how the framework can be used to benefit human flourishing. The framework provides an adjunct to current formulations of improving managerial excellence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We argue that Confucianism makes a fundamental contribution to understanding why civility is necessary for a morally decent workplace. We begin by reviewing some limits that traditional moral theories face in analyzing issues of civility. We then seek to establish a Confucian alternative. We develop the Confucian idea that even in business, humans may be sacred when they observe rituals culturally determined to express particular ceremonial significance. We conclude that managers and workers should understand that there is a broad range of morally important rituals in organizational life and that managers should preserve and develop the intelligibility and integrity of many of these rituals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our objective in this paper is to recall the linkages between marketing and management thought. At the turn of the twentieth century, the two disciplines were connected via the work of Frederick Taylor and Percival White. As conventionally represented, Taylor was the father of scientific management and, by extension, the management sciences more generally. He is also frequently associated with a focus on production efficiency. However, a close reading of Taylor reveals his appreciation of the connection between production and consumption and thus the importance of the ultimate consumer. Taylor's ideas and the work, published in the Bulletin of the Taylor Society, which provided an outlet for the scholarship of early marketing thinkers, provide the linchpin between the production ethos of Taylor and the emergence of ‘scientific marketing’ exemplified in the work of Percival White. The latter demonstrated the ideological credibility of his scientific marketing system via its association with science and attributes such as objectivity. Importantly, in his work we find the first clear articulation of the marketing concept. Unlike present-day debates, which frequently treat it as a synonym for shareholder value, the early articulations of the marketing concept were underwritten by an explicit ethical orientation that placed limits on corporate behaviour, ideas that were again brought to prominence courtesy of the consumerist movement of the 1960s and 1970s. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Recent advances in the field of neuroscience can significantly add to our understanding of leadership and its development. Specifically, we are interested in what neuroscience can tell us about inspirational leadership. Based on our findings, we discuss how future research in leadership can be combined with neuroscience, as well as potential neurofeedback interventions for the purpose of leadership development. We also consider ethical implications and applications to management-related areas beyond leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]