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There are various new-age crime rackets reported with the help of digital technology and such cases are routinely investigated by the police and digital forensics analysts. In the course of investigation of different rackets such as Aadhaar card, ATM card, PAN card, ration card, voter identity card, passport, fake Indian currency note, various electronic gadgets such as mobile phones, laptops, desktops, biometric scanners, GPS devices, SIM cards, portable skimmers and hi-tech printers are usually taken from the fraudsters for digital forensics analysis. In one case, some Aadhaar cards, mobile phones, laptops, SIM cards and memory card were seized from some suspected airline passengers by the law enforcement agency. All the key probe elements were received for digital forensics examination. In this paper, we propose a digital forensics model for decoding a distorted QR code and specialized Android app used in the creation of fake Aadhaar cards. This model comprised a new algorithm to decode QR codes and recovery of background data including resources associated with the QR code. The proposed model was tested with a QR code retrieved from a suspect's laptop and Aadhaar card document. The Android app used for preparation of fake Aadhaar card was analyzed in our model and also checked in a mobile phone to verify data generated through the app. The result of the analysis detects fake Aadhaar cards. Further, examination of mobile phones and laptops revealed various technical data, supporting link evidence for preparing disputed fake Aadhaar cards for ID proof. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With business process optimization, technological advancement, equipment capability enhancement, and other means, the Railway Passenger Service Department in China is consistently working to improve the efficiency and convenience of passenger entry and exit procedures at railway stations. Concerning passengers' checkout, not only conventional identification approaches based on manual control, identification card, and magnetic thermal paper ticket are supported, but also a recent contactless identification process based on face recognition is applied in some stations. To further improve the contactless identification ability for checkout, an advanced contactless checkout process based on gait-augmented face recognition is innovatively put forward, in which a weakly-supervised body segmentation network named Dwsegnet and an improved GaitSet model are proposed. Through comparison with various models, the effectiveness of both Dwsegnet and the improved GaitSet is validated. Specifically, the contactless identification rate of gait-augmented face recognition is improved by 2.31% when compared to single-modal face recognition, which demonstrates the superiority of the proposed process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the great unanswered questions of the Commonwealth Constitution is whether the House of Representatives and Senate are equal or whether one ultimately has more power than the other. The Whitlam Labor government elected in 1972 faced a Senate elected in 1967 and 1970. Despite Senate obstruction, Whitlam proceeded with an ambitious legislative programme through 1973 and into 1974. By April 1974, six bills appeared to provide a "trigger" for the use of the Section 57 deadlock resolution procedure in the Constitution. Section 57 provides that if a bill has been twice passed by the House of Representatives and twice rejected by the Senate, the Governor‐General can dissolve both houses and an election is held. If the government is returned and wishes to proceed with the trigger bills, it can again pass them through the House and if they are again rejected by the Senate, the Governor‐General can convene a joint sitting of the two houses at which, if the bill is approved by an absolute majority, it is deemed to be passed. Major obstruction in the Senate, including a threat by the Opposition to block supply, led Whitlam to seek a double dissolution, hoping to gain a majority in both houses or, failing that, the opportunity to pass the trigger bills at a joint sitting. The ensuing election saw the return of the Whitlam government in the House but continuing to lack a majority in the Senate. This led to the only joint sitting in federal history, in which all six trigger bills were passed. But there was a constitutional sting in the tail when the Petroleum and Minerals Authority Act was subsequently found by the High Court not to have been validly passed. This case is argued to have made s57 potentially unworkable. The 1974 double dissolution stands in stark contrast to the 1975 double dissolution, which is argued here to be its "Evil Twin." There have been three further double dissolutions since 1975: 1983, 1987, and 2016, but no more joint sittings. In 1987, there was set to be a joint sitting on the proposal for an identity card, but this was thwarted on a technicality. So the 1974 double dissolution achieved the objective of breaking a deadlock but at the cost of revealing a way for a determined Senate to make s57 unworkable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with how Justice and Development Party (AKP) governments navigated the politics of household indebtedness in Turkey and utilized it towards the 2023 elections. It argues that household debt is a political tool with positive and negative consequences for incumbent governments. Households have been able to access debt instruments such as credit cards, consumer credit, car loans, and mortgages in Turkey since the onset of financialisation in the 2000s. AKP governments have benefited from the micro-level household wealth/debt accumulation as well as its macro-level economic implications for the construction-led, credit-dependent economic growth model. On the other hand, household debt has had destructive societal consequences such as bankruptcies, divorces, and suicides that became commonplace in the opposition narratives. Pinpointing the responsibility for indebtedness among households, financial system, regulatory agencies, and government, as well as devising policy solutions, has become a political struggle in the months leading up to the 2023 elections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The smart classroom is a fully automated classroom where repetitive tasks, including attendance registration, are automatically performed. Due to recent advances in artificial intelligence, traditional attendance registration methods have become challenging. These methods require significant time and effort to complete the process. Therefore, researchers have sought alternative ways to accomplish attendance registration. These methods include identification cards, radio frequency, or biometric systems. However, all of these methods have faced challenges in safety, accuracy, effort, time, and cost. The development of digital image processing techniques, specifically face recognition technology, has enabled automated attendance registration. Face recognition technology is considered the most suitable for this process due to its ability to recognize multiple faces simultaneously. This study developed an integrated attendance registration system based on the YOLOv7 algorithm, which extracts features and recognizes students' faces using a specially collected database of 31 students from Mustansiriyah University. A comparative study was conducted by applying the YOLOv7 algorithm, a machine learning algorithm, and a combined machine learning and deep learning algorithm. The proposed method achieved an accuracy of up to 100%. A comparison with previous studies demonstrated that the proposed method is promising and reliable for automating attendance registration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Women presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding needs careful and thorough assessment including ultrasound examination of endometrium and histopathological assessment of the endometrial tissues. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the rate and the factors associated with inadequate endometrial tissues after endometrial sampling using MedGyn® pipette among Bhutanese women at the colposcopy clinic, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital (JDWNRH), Bhutan. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the colposcopy clinic, JDWNRH, Thimphu between October, 2021 and March, 2022. Women included in this study underwent endometrial sampling using MedGyn® pipette without anesthesia as an office procedure. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and results extracted into a structured pro forma. The histopathology reports were extracted from the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, JDWNRH using the unique Bhutanese citizenship identity card number of the study participants. Results: Inadequate endometrial tissues were noted in 27% (33 out of 122 cases). Among 89 patients with an adequate endometrial tissue, histologic results were normal in 30 (33.7%), benign pathology in 22 (24.7%), atrophy in 10 (8.2%), and hyperplasia in 27 (30.3%). In a univariate analysis, menopausal state (OR 1.6, 95% CI 0.708–3.765), overweight and obese (OR 1.6 95% CI 0.640–3.945), unemployed (OR 1.7, 95% CI 0.674–1.140), nulliparous (OR 1.7, 95% CI 0.183–15.816), primipara (OR 5.1, 95% CI 0.635–40.905) and use of hormonal contraception (OR 2.1, 95% CI 0.449–10.049) were associated with increased risk of inadequate endometrial tissues. On multivariate regression analysis, nulliparity (OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.101–12.061), overweight and obesity (OR 1.4, 95% CI 0.490–3.917), use of hormonal contraceptives (OR 2.2, 95% CI 0.347–13.889), and junior surgeons (OR 1.1, 95%CI 0.463–2.443) were found to be associated with inadequate endometrial tissues. However, the above associations were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The rate of inadequate endometrial tissue following endometrial sampling using MedGyn® pipette was 27.0%. Factors associated with an increased risk of inadequate endometrial tissue after endometrial sampling were menopausal state, overweight and obese, unemployed, nulliparous, primipara and use of hormonal contraception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlike most immigration policy areas amidst Brexit, the government's 'hostile environment' approach has changed little since 2014, despite it making no measurable impact on the migration statistics the government prioritises, while landing it in hot water over the Windrush scandal. Why does the hostile environment nevertheless persist? Despite its strong association with today's Conservatives, the hostile environment extends a decades‐long trend of deepening various social systems' involvement in UK immigration control, creating increasing problems when long‐settled immigrants face suspicion at vulnerable life stages. Yet, the hostile environment provides a way to pursue legitimacy in immigration control given the UK state's particular limitations and pressures: it demonstrates action against 'illegal immigration', avoids revealing earlier control lapses and averts difficult reforms, like national identification cards, to monitor the population more thoroughly. The risks of this approach have only increased as Brexit has unsettled migration statuses, yet the hostile environment will likely remain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural and human-provoked disasters pose serious health risks to children, particularly children and youth with special healthcare needs, including many cardiology patients. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) provides preparedness recommendations for families, but little is known about recommendation adherence. Caregivers of children seen in a pediatric cardiology clinic network were recruited to complete an electronic survey. Participants self-reported child medical history and their household's implementation of AAP recommended disaster preparedness items. Families received a link to AAP resources and a child ID card. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with Fisher's exact and Wilcoxon rank sum tests. 320 caregivers participated in the study, of whom 124 (38.8%) indicated that their child has a diagnosed cardiac condition, and 150 (46.9%) indicated that their child had special healthcare needs. The average preparedness item completion rate was 70.7% for household preparedness, 40.1% for reunification preparedness, and 26.3% for community preparedness. Households of children with medical needs had similar rates of preparedness compared to overall rates. Of all respondents, 27.8% previously received disaster preparedness resources, 67.7% would like resources on discussing disaster preparedness, and 93.0% intend to talk with their household about disaster preparedness after completing the survey. These results demonstrate a gap between AAP recommendations and household-level disaster preparedness, including patients with cardiac conditions and those with special healthcare needs. Families expressed that they were interested in getting resources for disaster preparedness. Pediatric cardiologists may consider asking about disaster preparedness and providing disaster preparedness resources tailored to the needs of their patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulforaphane (SFN) is one of the hydrolysates of glucosinolates (GSLs), primarily derived from Brassica vegetables like broccoli. In clinical therapy, SFN has been proven to display antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the antimicrobial effects and mechanism of SFN against plant pathogens need to be further elucidated, which limits its application in agriculture. In this study, the genetic factors involved in SFN biosynthesis in 33 B. oleracea varieties were explored. The finding showed that besides the genetic background of different B. oleracea varieties, myrosinase and ESP genes play important roles in affecting SFN content. Subsequently, the molecular identification cards of these 33 B. oleracea varieties were constructed to rapidly assess their SFN biosynthetic ability. Furthermore, an optimized protocol for SFN extraction using low-cost broccoli curds was established, yielding SFN-enriched extracts (SFN-ee) containing up to 628.44 μg/g DW of SFN. The antimicrobial activity assay confirmed that SFN-ee obtained here remarkably inhibit the proliferation of nine tested microorganisms including four plant pathogens by destroying their membrane integrity. Additionally, the data demonstrated that exogenous application of SFN-ee could also induce ROS accumulation in broccoli leaves. These results indicated that SFN-ee should play a dual role in defense against plant pathogens by directly killing pathogenic cells and activating the ROS signaling pathway. These findings provide new evidence for the antimicrobial effect and mechanism of SFN against plant pathogens, and suggest that SFN-ee can be used as a natural plant antimicrobial agent for crop protection and food preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Maximizing patient satisfaction is now a significant focus in many outpatient orthopedic clinics as it has been shown to affect many facets of healthcare. With this quality improvement study, we sought to determine the areas of the longest patient wait time during their clinical encounter and evaluate the effect of an identification card system on those times. We hypothesized that utilizing an identification card system would expedite the time patients spend in the clinic and decrease wait times. Methods This quality improvement study was conducted in an orthopedic hand surgery clinic within a military treatment facility. Pre-intervention and intervention data collection consisted of a time sheet that was filled out by surgeons and clinic staff as the patient progressed through their appointment. The intervention consisted of a card system to track the patient throughout their encounter and mark their order in the queue. Results There were a total of 130 patients in the pre-intervention group and 113 in the intervention group. Compared with the pre-intervention group, the intervention group patients had significantly less time from check-in to being roomed by the clinic staff with a mean of 13 ± 13  vs. 21 ± 19 minutes in the pre-intervention group (P  < .001). In the pre-intervention cohort, the average clinic encounter was 66 ± 38 minutes compared to 57 ± 35 minutes in the intervention cohort, which was not statistically significant (P  = .112). The time spent with the orthopedic surgeon and occupational therapists increased in the intervention group. Conclusion We provided a simple way to decrease patient wait times and increase time with the healthcare team, utilizing our existing clinic space. Time with the orthopedic surgeon significantly increased because of our intervention, while the overall clinic time trended down. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although some influential officials saw value in it during peacetime, 1950s British governments decided to allow the national register and identity card wartime scheme to lapse without replacement. Scholars have not satisfactorily explained why they did so. This article argues that neither the surveillance imperatives for tracking citizens nor 'joined-up government' aspirations for service integration nor the limits of analogue systems were the decisive considerations. The article draws upon a very extensive study of the full range of files from all the departments of state involved in the decision-making process in Whitehall in the post-war years, to reconstruct in much greater detail than has been attempted before, just what the main considerations were and how the inter-departmental battles were fought over them, which resulted in the discontinuation of the wartime scheme and the decision to reject subsequent proposals to introduce a fresh one. In particular, it traces the crucial role of financial as well as of organisational imperatives, which are neglected in the standard surveillance, welfare improvement and technological explanations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The security context, generally stored in the universal subscriber identity module card or the baseband chip, is the critical information applied by the subscriber to access the 5G network during the fast authentication procedure. Once exposed or illegally used, the security context can be exploited to derive various keys for authentication and encryption. Despite its importance, challenges and questions still remain in the previous relevant research. To fill this gap, by adopting the security protocol verification tool ProVerif, we provide a comprehensive formal model of the fast authentication procedure based on the security context to analyze whether security goals can be met. Unfortunately, we uncover two vulnerabilities, including one never reported before. Our analysis shows that these vulnerabilities stem from fundamental design flaws in the cellular network protocol and thus apply to the 4G network. These vulnerabilities could be exploited to launch several attacks, including impersonation and eavesdropping. We have validated these attacks using 5 mobile phones from 5 different baseband manufacturers through experimentation in three mobile carriers. We find an insecure implementation of one of these phones, which exposed it to replay attacks. And we further discuss the security threats posed by the impersonation attack, such as location spoofing and one-tap authentication bypass, which is verified on 10 popular apps. We finally propose several countermeasures to eliminate these security issues. Actually, we have reported the novel vulnerability to the GSM Association and received a confirmation in the form of a coordinated vulnerability disclosure (CVD) number CVD-2022-0057. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study is to provide an insight to a comprehensive risk assessment of the Hungarian eID card utilizing the ISO/IEC 27005:2022 standard. Unfortunately, the functions of the eID are nowhere near widespread among the Hungarian population. That is why it is time to carry out a risk assessment, which can help to introduce the functions efficiently, and improve the overall security of the eID card. Using the concepts and steps of the international standard ISO/IEC 27005:2022, the external and internal context of the Hungarian eID was determined, and after the asset-based risk identification, the risks that arose were evaluated. A comprehensive risk analysis can greatly help the effective introduction and operation of eGovernment services. The risks identified during the risk assessment, based on the ISO/IEC 27005:2022, performed on the Hungarian eID card can serve as a basis for the planning and development of appropriate IT security best practices and training materials. Previously, no risk analysis of the Hungarian eID was published based on the ISO/IEC 27005:2022. The results can contribute to making existing use cases safer, but it can also be used to create new use cases keeping IT security in mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

King Edward Medical University/Mayo Hospital has signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with the Punjab Police to establish a dedicated Help Desk for providing medical facilities to the families of Punjab Police Shuhda (martyrs). The Help Desk will ensure efficient provision of medical treatment and services to the families in case of emergencies or medical needs. Mayo Hospital and the Welfare Branch of the Central Police Office will appoint focal persons to enhance coordination and streamline services, and Punjab Police will provide a referral or unique card for identification. The MOU prioritizes necessary facilities for the families of Shuhda at Mayo Hospital, including comprehensive emergency and elective healthcare services. The Vice-Chancellor of King Edward Medical University and the Inspector General of Punjab Police expressed their gratitude for the support and emphasized its value. [Extracted from the article]

【Objective】A genetic diversity analysis of 21 Pueraria DC. germplasm resources was performed, and the molecular ID was constructed to provide a reference for Pueraria DC. germplasm resources identification.【Method】In this study, twenty-one Pueraria DC. germplasm from different regions were collected as experimental materials. Genetic diversity of Pueraria DC. germplasm was studied by coefficient of variation, Shannon-Weaver diversity index, cluster analysis and ISSR primer polymorphism, and molecular identity card was constructed.【Result】The genetic characters of 21 Pueraria DC. germplasm resources showed rich diversity. Its Shannon-Weaver diversity index ranged from 0.381 to 1.844, with an average of 1.166, and Shannon-Weaver diversity index of main stem diameter was the highest (1.844).The variation coefficient of Pueraria DC. germplasm genetic traits ranged from 16.330% to 55.714%, with an average of 35.157%. Among them, the variation coefficient of mature leaf pattern was the largest (55.714%), and the variation coefficient of other genetic traits was greater than 15.000%.Ten primers with clear bands and good polymorphism were selected from 48 ISSR primers. The polymorphism rate was 40.00%～100%. Polymorphism information content (PIC) value, number of alleles (Na), effective alleles (Ne), Nei’s gene diversity (H’) and Shannon’s information index (I) were 0.7043～0.8468, 1.4000～2.0000, 1.1135～1.4741, 0.0776～0.2999, 0.1276～0.4720, their average values were 0.7800, 1.7830, 1.3514, 0.2160, 0.3353 respectively. These results indicated that the 10 ISSR primers had high polymorphism detection efficiency and were suitable for genetic diversity analysis of Pueraria DC. germplasm resources. The results of cluster analysis could divide the germplasms into 3 groups, and some germplasms had some correlation with geographical origin, and there was mutual introduction or exchange of germplasms from different regions. According to the sequence of PIC values in ISSR markers, P6, P17 and P42 were selected as the core primers, which were suitable for the construction of DNA identity cards of Pueraria DC. germplasm resources.【Conclusion】The 21 germplasm resources of Pueraria DC. have rich genetic diversity and high heterozygosity, which can be used as basic materials for breeding and breeding of Pueraria DC. in future. The selected P6, P17 and P42 can be used as core primers to distinguish 21 Pueraria DC. germplasm resources and construct molecular identity cards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines vintage arcade redemption tokens, circulating from approximately the mid-20th century through the early 2010s as a communicative local exchange medium. The tokens are described in composition, color, and marking as representative of a particular local establishment, where, in combination with tickets and receipts, they facilitated exchange of players' money into often nominal prizes, generating profit for the amusement arcade owner. Such tokens represented symbolic and social interaction with specific arcades, who created their own privately issued redemption currency, not freely convertible to cash. Sensory experience, including sight, feel, and sound of the tokens, was part of gameplay and exchange experience. These ephemera reflected an atemporal relationship with a particular place, extended by five types of symbols (nautical, amusement, local branding, nationalist, and general gaming), and imagined windfalls. Metal redemption tokens have largely been replaced with digital redemption systems, including ticket-based systems, newer plastic chips, and prize cards; location-specific symbols have been replaced with images from popular copyrighted media properties. The article serves to document the use, experience, and eventual retirement of these tokens, particularly in New Jersey, and calls for their cataloging and preservation as cultural objects. Exonumia may be studied as communicative media through a media archeology approach, as newer redemption items reference copyrighted media properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the Brazilian carteira de trabalho (work card) and its usage on the sugarcane plantations of Alagoas, Northeast Brazil. It draws on photography and interviews with rural workers to analyse how documents have been used to manage and reproduce precarious work. On the plantations, work cards function as a managerial tool allowing workforce surveillance and control. Moreover, sugar mills can control rural workers' mobility and shape the agricultural reserve army by retaining these documents, thereby immobilising wage workers. While the work card symbolises occupational citizenship and materialises the labour legislation, in practice, it becomes a disciplinary instrument supporting the agribusiness' strategies of identification, control, and deployment of precariously employed and exploited labour on the plantations. Finally, the article contributes with an innovative historical–biographical approach to the study of institutional mechanisms used to produce and reproduce precarious work in Brazil's sugarcane plantations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In this study, a deep learning-based detection and identification method is proposed to detect and identify the movement duration and aggressive behavior of pigs under on-farm conditions by using computer vision technology and electronic identity cards. The performance of different target detection algorithms for individual pig and aggressive behavior detection is also evaluated. The aim of this study is to establish an automated system for detecting pig aggressive behavior and energy expenditure, which may be able to provide reliable data and technical support for the study of the social hierarchy of pigs, as well as the selection and breeding of pig health and aggression phenotypes. Motion and aggressive behaviors in pigs provide important information for the study of social hierarchies in pigs and can be used as a selection indicator for pig health and aggression parameters. However, relying only on visual observation or surveillance video to record the number of aggressive acts is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and lasts for only a short period of time. Manual observation is too short compared to the growth cycle of pigs, and complete recording is impractical in large farms. In addition, due to the complex process of assessing the intensity of pig aggression, manual recording is highly influenced by human subjective vision. In order to efficiently record pig motion and aggressive behaviors as parameters for breeding selection and behavioral studies, the videos and pictures were collected from typical commercial farms, with each unit including 8~20 pigs in 7~25 m2 space; they were bred in stable social groups and a video was set up to record the whole day's activities. We proposed a deep learning-based recognition method for detecting and recognizing the movement and aggressive behaviors of pigs by recording and annotating head-to-head tapping, head-to-body tapping, neck biting, body biting, and ear biting during fighting. The method uses an improved EMA-YOLOv8 model and a target tracking algorithm to assign a unique digital identity code to each pig, while efficiently recognizing and recording pig motion and aggressive behaviors and tracking them, thus providing statistics on the speed and duration of pig motion. On the test dataset, the average precision of the model was 96.4%, indicating that the model has high accuracy in detecting a pig's identity and its fighting behaviors. The model detection results were highly correlated with the manual recording results (R2 of 0.9804 and 0.9856, respectively), indicating that the method has high accuracy and effectiveness. In summary, the method realized the detection and identification of motion duration and aggressive behavior of pigs under natural conditions, and provided reliable data and technical support for the study of the social hierarchy of pigs and the selection of pig health and aggression phenotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I argue that identity documents (ID) and migration statuses are both tools of population control and subjectivities that individuals have an interest in holding. I use documentary analyses and interviews with 31 EU27 citizens in the UK, 21 UK citizens in Belgium and the UK and with nationality bureaucracies in the two countries. States create legitimate, illegitimate and in-between statuses, and in-between statuses show how being exempt from certain ID and migration controls can create paradoxical vulnerabilities. Windrush generation migrants in the UK were exempt from migration controls but then in some cases were treated as irregular migrants because of the lack of proof of status. EU citizens were free from many migration controls, but can have difficulties in naturalization and dealing with new requirements brought about by Brexit because the procedures can require proof of rights usually produced through the migration controls they were exempt from. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using microsatellite markers to analyze the genetic diversity of broomcorn millet resources and determine its genetic background is conducive to rational and efficient utilization of resources. In this study, eighty core germplasm of Shanxi broomcorn millet were used as materials, and 44 SSR markers were used as detection tools. PowerMarker 3.25 and PopGen 1.32 were used to calculate the genetic diversity measurement parameters, MEGA 11.0.10 was used to draw the cluster diagram, NTSYSpc2.11a was used for principal component Analysis, and ID Analysis 4.0 was applied to construct DNA molecular identity cards of the materials. The results showed that a total of 130 allelic variants were detected at 44 loci of 80 materials, with an average of 3 allelic variants detected at each locus. Based on UPGMA cluster analysis, 80 materials were classified into 4 groups(Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ), mainly from Jinzhong city, Xinzhou city, Shuozhou city, and Xinzhou city. By principal component analysis, the materials were classified into 10 categories(G1-G10), with G1 from Datong city, G2 from Shuozhou city, G3 from Xinzhou city, G4 from Taiyuan city, G5-G10 from Yangquan city, Jinzhong city, Lüliang city, Changzhi city, Linfen city, and Yuncheng city, respectively. Combining PIC and I values, there were 21 pairs of SSR primers higher than average(RYW3, RYW7, RYW11, RYW14, RYW18, RYW26, RYW28, RYW29, RYW30, RYW31, RYW37, RYW40, RYW49, RYW54, RYW56, RYW61, RYW62, RYW65, RYW67, and RYW82). Using ID Analysis 4.0 software analysis, 16 primer combinations (RYW62, RYW67, RYW56, RYW65, RYW61, RYW40, RYW37, RYW31, RYW82, RYW29, RYW28, RYW49, RYW39, RYW54, RYW18, and RYW30) were found to distinguish all materials. Through the online twodimensional code generator, the basic information and string information of the test materials were processed, and the twodimensional code DNA molecular identity card could be obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the case of the national electronic identification card (New eID) policy in Taiwan, this study integrated the government's components with a privacy calculus model to analyze factors which affect personal data disclosure intention. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the survey data and explore how citizens balance benefits and risks associated with the New eID issue. The research results suggested that financial compensation, personalized services, and service compatibility can enhance cognition of privacy-related benefits of citizens, while this cognition will further increase willingness to authorize their personal data. Moreover, the impact of government elements on citizens' willingness to authorize their personal information also has statistical backings. Citizens' cognition of privacy-related risks, however, has no statistical effect within the model, which is contrary to findings from previous studies. The study attempted to make contributions to supplementing the connotation of an extant theoretical framework, and discussed the privacy-related questions concerning digital government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the constitutional concerns surrounding the branding of registered sex offenders on identification cards and driver's licenses, with a primary focus on First Amendment rights. It explores the punitive nature of the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (SORNA) and the extensive restrictions imposed on registered individuals. It highlights the specific practice in eight states that mandates unique markings on ID cards for sex offenders.

Policies concerning undocumented immigrants are inevitably ambivalent, creating uncertainty and confusion in the implementation process. We identify a clear example of this ambivalence —U.S. law setting standards for determining the credibility of asylum seekers—that resulted in an increase in asylum grants despite policymakers' intention to make it harder for individuals to obtain the status. We argue that this law, The REAL ID Act of 2005, sent mixed messages to immigration judges (IJs), street‐level bureaucrats who implement immigration policy. It increased IJ discretion, but set vague limits. We theorize that IJs, behaving in a bounded rationality framework, use their professional legal training as a short‐cut and look primarily to the courts for guidance. Our evidence supports our argument. After the passage of the REAL ID Act, IJ decision‐making is more closely aligned with the preferences of their political and legal principals, and, in the final score, the federal circuit courts are the winners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing use of smartphones for a wide variety of online services, states and countries are issuing official applications to store government-issued documents that can be used for identification (e.g., electronic identity cards), health (e.g., vaccination certificates), and transport (e.g., driver's licenses). However, the privacy and security risks associated with the storage of sensitive personal information on such apps are a major concern. This work presents a thorough analysis of official Android wallet apps, focusing mainly on apps used to store identification documents and/or driver's licenses. Specifically, we examine the security and privacy level of such apps using three analysis tools and discuss the key findings and the risks involved. We additionally explore Android app security best practices and various security measures that can be employed to mitigate these risks, such as updating deprecated components and libraries. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that, while there are various security measures available, there is still a need for more comprehensive solutions to address the privacy and security risks associated with the use of Android wallet apps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how participants in literacy events mediate the validation and legitimacy of official documents. Through articulating the perspectives of literacy as a social practice, paperwork studies, and the analysis of administrative burdens, we argue that the value of official documents is unstable and can fluctuate between valid and invalid each time applicants and frontline workers redefine the context of use. Through ethnographic observation, we gathered data on the historical production of birth certificates and the social construction of their meaning. We documented a participant's unsuccessful efforts to renew her voter's ID card over several years and in different government offices. We show how government employees rejected or accepted the same official birth certificate she presented, depending on how she framed her paperwork. Its meaning relied on the articulation of the negotiated administrative purpose, the definition of the context of use, and the document's materiality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Card frauds are one of the most common types of banking frauds out of which card skimming contributes the major share. Investigation and prosecution of card skimming cases are mainly dependent on digital evidence requiring trained and skilled law enforcement officers. Further, a single incident of card skimming leads to collection of information from hundreds of cards and hence the identification of all the victims is the real challenge for an investigating officer. This paper discusses different issues pertaining to card skimming providing a general overview of the modus operandi, investigation process and constraints faced by law enforcement agencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing literature demonstrates the significance of aesthetics within processes of world‐class city making, as decisions about who gets to live and work in the city are increasingly made on the basis of codes of appearance. However, less attention has been paid to how such codes are (re)produced and (re)directed by informal workers and their organisations in everyday practice. Drawing upon a multisided ethnography in Kampala and Delhi, this paper explores the ways in which market vendors and waste collectors have responded to the proliferation of three aesthetic technologies: the identity card, the uniform, and the code of conduct. We show that workers have appropriated these technologies in creative ways in order to defend their livelihoods against the threat of displacement. However, this act of appropriation has come at the cost of the exclusion of the more vulnerable workers, who now find their activities policed not only by the state but also by a range of non‐state organisations. These findings contribute to debates on labour organisation and world‐class city making by demonstrating the ways in which aesthetic rationalities emerge through an encounter with the tactics of everyday life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scale and otolith morphology and morphometry of Indian oil sardine Sardinella longiceps (Clupeidae) were investigated and described using light and scanning electron microscopy from eight different body regions for scales and the right and left otoliths. Scales of the Indian oil sardine show general characteristics of the other studied clupeids sand that are easily distinguishable from other fish groups, by having striae in the posterior field. The studied cycloid scales of S. longiceps were classified into three types based on the overall shape including circular (e.g. true circular and cordate), pentagonal and quadrilateral in the different body regions. The circular shape was the most common shape (87.5%), while the quadrilateral and pentagonal forms constituted 6.25% each. The results also showed that the relative scale size (J‐index) plays a desirable contribution in separating the examined populations. The results showed that the mean (or relative) scale size for all the eight regions in the Oman Sea population is larger than the Arabian Sea population. Also, another scale variable, the scale shape index (Si index), demonstrated variation (a mean of 0.86 to 1.1) in different regions of both populations from the Oman and Arabian Seas. Interestingly, here, we found that scale characters of S. longiceps not only differ from its other congeneric species, but also differ in the populations from both sides of the Oman Sea (Iran and Oman) and the Arabian Sea. It shows a positive signal for the presence of different taxonomic and management unit in the Oman and Arabian Seas. The idea should be approved by using integrated molecular and morphological traits. The otolith morphology of S. longiceps from the Oman and Arabian Seas was more conservative than the scales, which can be due to its function actin primarily as a balance organ and also enhancing hearing. The overall shape of S. longiceps otolith was lanceolate, with an elongated morphology and a well‐developed rostrum, an ostial sulcus acusticus that opens to the anterior/ dorsal margin. These morphological characters are also found in the Iranian population of S. longiceps. However, otolith displayed variation in biometric parameters among two populations and left and right otoliths and the RRL parameter were important characters to discriminate the Oman and Arabian Sea populations. Thus, the structural/biometrical variability of the otoliths may be used for population distinctness, especially in water bodies with various environmental factors, and the otolith has turned out to be a useful tool to track the life history of teleostean fishes in environments with physicochemical gradients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visually rich documents, such as forms, invoices, receipts, and ID cards, are ubiquitous in daily business and life. Various methods have been used to convey such diverse information, including text, layout, font size, or text position. Combining these elements in information extraction can improve the result performance. However, previous works have not effectively utilized the cooperation between these rich information sources. Text detection and recognition have been performed without semantic supervision (e.g., entity name annotation), and text information extraction has been performed using only serialized plain text, ignoring rich visual information. This paper presents a method for extracting information from such documents, which integrates textual, non-spatial, and spatial visual features. The method consists of two main steps and uses three deep neural networks. The first step, Text Reading, employs two CNN models (Lightweight DB and C-PREN) for OCR tasks, based on the state-of-the-art models DB and PREN, with two improvements. These improvements include reducing noise by removing the SE block of DB and integrating both context and position features in PREN. The second step, Text Information Extraction, uses a graph convolutional network, RGCN, for name entity recognition. Experiments on self-collected and two public datasets have demonstrated that our method improves the performance of the original models and outperforms other state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the community movements of female fishermen, to obtain justice and fight discrimination for equal citizenship. Issuance of Indonesian Law concerning the protection of fishermen as a formal law to protect fishermen does not fully target female fishermen groups. One of the female fishermen movements in the coastal communities, which is joined by a community organization, was trying to request an adjustment of the occupation identity written in the National Identification Card (NIC) from housewife to fisherman to access the benefits of this law. Using four key dimensions of citizenship proposed by Stokke (2017), this paper seeks to fill a gap in the study of participatory and inclusive policy at the community level. We found that female fishermen experience unjust treatment in terms of recognition, welfare distribution, and political representation. They developed a shared identity based on their awareness of and encounters with unfair treatment, which is expressed in all four dimensions of citizenship, membership, legal status, rights, and participation. They learned a lot from this experience about how to identify each problem related to the four dimensions of citizenship, which serves as a strategy for developing and enhancing their sense of citizenship identity. Through a series of advocacy efforts and agreements, the recognition of female fishermen's citizenship is pursued to fulfill their requests. These female fishermen's initiatives to secure legal recognition of their identity employ transformative and affirmative strategies. This legal recognition will strengthen their access and other positive externalities, particularly on the welfare distribution programs and political representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Street vending in urban Tanzania is a big sector that touches different activities. This research paper applies the 'forbearance' conceptual understanding to investigate the introduction and implementation of small traders' Identity Cards or simply Wamachinga IDs as an official formalisation strategy. It reports the findings of a qualitative research design undertaken to explain the process of formalisation of street vendors and their trade in Dar es Salaam region. Multiple interpretations of the strategy were noted, such as a technique to collect data for further planning, a revenue collection tactic and an approach to equality between informal and formal traders. The study found that stakeholders embraced the initiative as progress towards gaining business freedom and access to improved earnings while boosting the government's coffers from the so-called informal sector. Additionally, the study found that the initiative had exposed challenges such as the lack of some important personal information in the IDs. It is hence sometimes dismissed as a politically-motivated initiative lacking legality. Moreover, the Local Government Authorities (LGAs) face challenges in managing business waste, business spaces, congestion and collection of some other revenues. Some formal business people/enterprises were reported to recruit young men and buy them Wamachinga IDs to sell items on their behalf. This was noted as a trick for tax evasion, which impedes tax compliance efforts. The study, therefore, recommends a participatory approach to improving the Wamachinga ID initiative alongside related by-laws to address the challenges this ID system faces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Leclercia adecarboxylata is a Gram-negative bacillus that can rarely cause infections in humans. We recently treated a case of peritonitis due to L. adecarboxylata in a peritoneal dialysis (PD) pediatric patient, and we systematically reviewed all the relevant reported cases in the literature. Methods: We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases, and we reviewed 13 such cases (2 children, 11 adults) that were reported, including our patient. Results: The mean (±SE) age was 53.2 ± 22.5 years, with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 1:1.6. Their mean vintage period on PD prior to L. adecarboxylata peritonitis was 37.5 ± 25.3 months. The VITEK card was the identification diagnostic tool in most cases (63%). The antimicrobial agent that was most frequently used was ceftazidime, which was implemented in 50% of cases as initial therapy, either as a monotherapy or combination therapy; in only two patients (15.3%) was the Tenkhoff catheter removed. The median duration of treatment was 18 days (range of 10–21 days), and all 13 patients that were reviewed were healed. Conclusions: Physicians should be aware that L. adecarboxylata is noted to rarely cause peritonitis in PD patients; however, this pathogen seems to be sensitive to most antimicrobial agents and can result in a favorable outcome with the selection of appropriate treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Proteus spp. are widespread in the environment and comprise a part of the normal flora of the human gastrointestinal tract. Only six species in this genus, including Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus terrae, Proteus penneri, Proteus hauseri, and Proteus faecis, have been isolated from human clinical specimens. However, there are no reports of Proteus alimentorum isolated from humans, and the clinical characteristics of P. alimentorum infection are unknown. Case presentation: An 85-year-old female patient with peritoneal cancer was hospitalized for complicated pyelonephritis and bacteremia caused by P. alimentorum. The patient received antimicrobial therapy and was discharged on day 7 of hospitalization. No recurrence was observed 14 days after the treatment. Various methods were used to identify the Proteus sp. Furthermore, the VITEK-2 GN ID card resulted in low discrimination between P. hauseri and P. penneri. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry showed P. hauseri with a spectral score of 2.22 as the best match. Nevertheless, the pathogen was identified as P. alimentorum based on genetic investigation using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and biochemical tests. Conclusion: Proteus alimentorum is a human pathogen, and its infection has an excellent therapeutic response to antimicrobials based on antimicrobial susceptibility. Genomic methods may be helpful for the precise identification of P. alimentorum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heritage rehabilitation can be a sustainable operation when it succeeds in conveying the intangible, historical, artistic, and symbolic value of the building and, at the same time, to ensure the preservation of soil and material resources. The sustainability of the operation must cover the entire life cycle of the building, starting with the management of materials on the construction site, which allows for an increase in its durability while safeguarding its residual performance. This paper, therefore, outlines a process for the sustainable management of materials at the building redevelopment site using the history of the building and the life cycles of related materials. In particular, the following are explored: residual performance of historical and coeval materials, their endogenous and exogenous reuse of materials in the redevelopment project, the traceability aimed at controlling the supply chain, and the material/component identity card. The latter evolves dynamically, providing useful information for carrying out environmental assessments and monitoring the building's maintenance cycle. The process is applied to a case study involving the redevelopment of the historical built heritage following the 2009 earthquake that struck the city of L'Aquila and neighbouring territories. The case study demonstrated the validity of the method and at the same time made it possible to introduce an innovative process in the territory, raising awareness among those working in the sector of the value of choices that have environmental and economic advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Express Railway Link (XRL) offers unprecedented mobility within the Pearl River Delta and connects Hong Kong to mainland China's high-speed rail network. As reflected in the pages of regional and national newspapers, the XRL figures prominently in the re-imagining of scales of community and governance in the Pearl River Delta. These 'infrastructural imaginaries' are shaped not just by the transportation infrastructure of trains and stations, but also by the migration infrastructure of travel permits and identification cards. Drawing on infrastructure studies and the politics of scale to shed light on the multi-scalar politics of infrastructure in contemporary China, this article traces how understandings of infrastructure and scale changed as the XRL went from regional project to one component of China's national high-speed rail grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on California's recent legislation, A.B. 1766, which grants state identification cards to all residents, including undocumented individuals. Topics include the significance of providing identification cards (IDs to immigrants, the shortcomings in privacy protection within the legislation, and the accessibility of Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) data by federal agencies like Department of Homeland Security (DHS), underscoring the need for comprehensive privacy safeguards.

Developing easy-tailorable and high-efficient electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding textile from waste textile is highly desirable to meet the demand for wearable electronics and economic sustainability for modern society. However, simultaneously featuring with good electrical conductivity and wearability of the derived waste textiles remains a daunting challenge, especially in the absence of conducting additives. Herein, we report the fabrication of a tailorable textile with high flexibility and conductivity to address this challenge via a straightforward graphitization strategy based on a mild reduction procedure. Aided by finite element analysis (FEA) and computer simulation technology (CST) for performance screening in advance, the mechanically-favorable but EMI shielding-unfavorable pores intrinsically produced in interwoven textile call for a low square resistance of the whole textile. The textile with desirable features is fabricated by the Ni-species catalyzed graphitization of cotton cellulose with large-scale production potential. Moreover, the low square resistance of the textile remains stable after immersion in extremely corrosive chemicals or 10000-times bending tests. The textile with a small thickness of 1.4 mm achieves an EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of 107 dB in 12–18 GHz, 3 fold exceeding the demand for commercial applications (>30 dB). Practical demonstrations show that personal information in a mobile phone or ID card can be prevented from being read by pockets tailored from textiles. This work shows great potential for massive production of high-efficiency EMI shielding textiles for livelihood or military towards the next-generation wearable electronic technology. A flexible textile of high-degree graphitization is achieved from waste cotton by employing Ni-species as the catalyst upon a mild reduction procedure. Featured with favorable conductivity and simultaneously intact interwoven framework, the textile maintains comfortable wearabilities and delivers an excellent electromagnetic shielding efficiency of 107 dB in 12–18 GHz. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main characteristics of 'Swatiness' has been embracing lived dualisms in all aspects of life, including the much-debated cultural dualism of traditionalism and modernity which, although not unique to eSwatini, is more emphasised in this small southern African kingdom. This article discusses examples from research on eSwatini citizens living in South Africa and foreign-born residents of eSwatini, to show how exclusionary singular forms of bureaucratic identification via national identity cards are endangering the flexibility and creativity which are distinctive of Swati socio-cultural life. These bureaucratic forms run counter the inclusive, relational and negotiated dimensions of older conceptions and practices of citizenship and belonging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]