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The global outbreak of COVID-19 abruptly upended work and family life. Yet, little is known about how fathers combined paid and unpaid labor during this unprecedented historical period. Drawing on 35 semi-structured interviews with fathers who primarily telecommuted from home, I identify four strategies fathers used to combine paid and domestic labor: interim primary caregiving, egalitarian tag-teaming, transitional tag-teaming, and hands-on traditional fathering. Findings suggest that these work-family strategies primarily depended on wives' physical presence in the home. The fathers who described doing the most domestic labor said their wives worked outside of the home. When wives were physically present in the home, fathers' domestic behavior varied by the extent to which they endorsed the new fatherhood ideal —defining good fathering as involvement in both paid and domestic labor. Yet, change in fathers' domestic behavior was limited. None of the fathers I interviewed described doing most of the domestic labor when their wives were physically present at home. Taken together, fathers' domestic behavior depends on wives' physical presence in the home and their normative perception of men's responsibility to the family, suggesting that fathers do not perceive domestic time availability simply by differences in the couple's paid work hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: As women perform most household chores and other nonproductive work, gender-based division of labor in the home has now been identified as a barrier to gender equality. The objective of this study is to assess the effects of gender distribution of housework especially for women and investigate the factors influencing the total hours spent on house chores in Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach: This study adopted a quantitative approach based on survey data obtained from 200 households in the Madaripur and Gopalganj districts of Bangladesh. To analyze the obtained data, the partial least squares (PLS) regression was used. Findings: According to this study, demographic and socioeconomic factors of women, and gender are influencing the total hours spent in housework. Women were observed to have a positive relationship with empowerment but a negative relationship with social perception. Social perception was further observed to have a significant impact on the total number of hours expended by women on house chores. Practical implications: The study suggests that the importance of sharing the burden of household work be taught in schools and community-based awareness programs so that it becomes ingrained as a social and cultural practice. Furthermore, the government should conduct a proper assessment that recognizes unpaid housework by women as an important factor in inclusive sustainable development. Originality/value: Issues of inequality in the division of labor in household activities are barely recognized in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study collected primary data to assess the effects of gender on the distribution of housework. The findings of the study will help policymakers and academicians to better understand the gender-based division of household labor. Peer review: The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-03-2023-0195. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pandemic offered a unique opportunity to shift gendered expectations and create a more equal division of domestic labor in the home. As an organizational unit, the home represents a significant domain to investigate gendered power relations and transformations. Change was especially possible for couples where employed fathers, who typically left for work, began to spend far more time at home. Surveys show that the opposite happened, and the share of domestic work done by women increased. This article explores the social dynamics that drove these trends. We draw on in‐depth interviews with 20 couples (for a total of 40 parents). We leverage the variation between the accounts of each partner in a couple to explore how gender contributed to inequality in the home during the pandemic. We show that the physical and symbolic division of domestic space contributed to heightened gender inequalities during the pandemic. We divide our sample into three groups: cases where paternal income exceeds maternal income, cases where maternal income exceeds paternal income, and cases with comparable income levels for both parents. We demonstrate how the division of space, both physically and symbolically, contributes to the ongoing gender inequality experienced by all three groups. Our results expand on quantitative studies which show that gender inequality deepened during the pandemic by revealing the mechanisms and lived experinces behind the trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strong migration of former East German residents to the western part of Germany opens a unique way to study the impact of migration modifying gender-related attitudes towards division of labor. While in West Germany more traditional gender attitudes have been prevailing for decades, the East pursued more progressive attitudes regarding the home and labor domain. However, attitudes of East-to-West migrants are mostly unknown. Thus, this article aims at providing a first analysis regarding differing attitudes between domestic migrants and non-movers. Data from the German General Social Surveys (GGSS/ALLBUS) from 1992, 2004, and 2016, including 2428, 2099, and 1486 participants, respectively, were used. Group differences between permanent residents from West Germany (West–West) and from East Germany (East–East) as well as East-to-West migrants were estimated. Pooled regressions were conducted to predict the attitudes towards female employment. East–West migrants' respective attitudes differed from both of the other groups. However, they were more similar to the more traditional West–West group than the more progressive East–East group. Furthermore, East–West migrants who had lived longer in the West exhibited more traditional attitudes than those who had lived there <10 years. Further, the diversity of East-to-West migrants was acknowledged by observing the year of migration (before 1961, 1961–1989, after 1989) which showed that those who migrated before the erection of the Berlin Wall were more traditional. The finding that East–West migrants' attitudes were more similar to their place of residence, while the duration of residence was positively associated with the traditional attitude towards female employment prevalent in the West, gives impetus to further research attitudes of domestic migrants. Future research should test whether a selection effect or assimilation cause East–West migrants' attitudes to resemble their society of residence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the seemingly new world of work after the pandemic, managers are confronted with new difficulties in managing their teams. This research aims to answer the important research question on adaptive leadership dynamics: how do leaders steer in change? Drawing on the constantly evolving nature of flexible working environments. This paper seeks to establish the various approaches used by leaders in the current work environment. The purpose of this investigation is to provide critical recommendations to the organizational decision-makers on how to manage their employees in this post-COVID-19 world. Both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods will be employed to interview leaders in various sectors regarding the following: (1) identifying and contacting leaders who have effectively navigated the team’s post-pandemic; (2) identifying firsthand experiences and understanding of leadership strategies. The study used interviews, of which 70% were semi-structured, and the number of participants was 10. The analysis presented in this study revealed the type of leadership and their coping mechanisms, the factors that led to the activation of the coping mechanisms, and that post-pandemic, a leader’s style can be altered not only for business gain but also as a positive change for the leader themselves. The change that leaders had to undergo in post-pandemic working arrangements was diverse, and changing has never been unfamiliar to changing the leadership style. Despite the fact that our studies provide significant information regarding the main area of leadership in the management climate, there are certain aspects that deserve certain considerations. The coordination of this research is based only on middle managers, which restrains the viewpoint of our study with cross-industry background. However, there is one major limitation of the study because the study was conducted at the end of the pandemic, and therefore it may not be equally relevant as any other period of time. Therefore, the leadership phenomenon can be explored from the leader’s perspective alone, and this might result in ignoring crucial follower or any other stakeholder information. In this research, there was no other interview conducted to compare with the interview completed in this research to validate the respondent answers. In view of these, it would be appropriate to take a closer look at the leadership processes from different angles in order to gain a better appreciation of the phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In her pathbreaking 1989 book, The Second Shift , Arlie Hochschild introduced the idea of the "stalled revolution." In the years since, the phrase has gained prominence and influence among scholars of gender, many of whom now use the term to describe the pace of change in arenas far beyond its original referent: the division of labor at home. Given its outsized role in feminist theory, it is due time to subject the metaphor to an examination. I do so in three parts. First, I trace the history of the feminist literature about the family leading up to Hochschild's introduction of the phrase, explaining how and why the metaphor resonated so strongly with academics studying the family. Second, I empirically demonstrate the subsequent rise of the phrase in academic discourse, showing that it became a prominent discourse metaphor used to capture change and lack of change in gender relations across many social arenas. Finally, I examine the metaphor itself. I note roots in modernist thinking, the assumption of a linear model of time, the passive nature of mechanical metaphors, and the presumption of the inevitability of progressive change. With these observations in place, I offer alternatives for both stall and revolution, noting the changes in US society and feminist theory since 1989. I conclude with a call for further exploration of alternative metaphors and more critical reflection on the metaphors we use to diagnose the present and devise new futures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The turbulent COVID‐19 pandemic offered the opportunity to examine employees who are required to work from home (WFH), which can provide significant implications given that some companies have adopted full‐time remote work even after COVID‐19 restrictions have lifted. The current study draws on psychological contract theory and HR differentiation theory to examine the interactive effects of WFH preferences and relational organizational practices such as perceived support, feedback, and information sharing in predicting burnout and turnover intentions. Multi‐wave, U.S. study results demonstrate that higher WFH preference employees are particularly responsive to these practices; they experience greater well‐being when they receive them, but they also seek alternative employment when they do not. Our findings provide insight into the full‐time WFH dynamics and suggest that fully remote organizations should consider not only effective management of employees, but also organizational practices that match employee preferences in times of turbulence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to examine the various work from home related factors which help in bringing about improved employee work engagement based on the work assigned to them. The study employed a quantitative research approach, positivism research philosophy, and case study research design. The study made use of 201 participants, with data collected through questionnaire and online survey tool (Google Form). Participants for the study were sampled from AmIT Global Solutions, AppCable Sdn Bhd, IWG 3.2, Regus Management Malaysia Sdn Bhd, Deventure Sdn Bhd, and Texas Instruments. The three hypotheses proposed in the study were examined using multiple regression analysis. The results show that work from home autonomy, safety, and convenience increase employee engagement levels. The findings implied that work from home when adopted and implemented in an effective manner, increases employee work engagement. The results also aligned with the assumption of Herzberg Two Factor theory which holds on to the impact of work from home autonomy, which is a motivational factor and the impact of work from home safety and convenience, which are hygiene factors. In the absence of both factors, employees are less engaged (disengaged). The study has a limitation of small sample size with quantitative research approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Political economists and labour sociologists alike have studied how the skill specificity of workers can be explained, as it significantly affects workers' performance. However, the emergence of the gig economy may substantially change skill hiring and specificity in online labour markets because gig workers do not need formal educational credentials to offer their services. Instead, skills are "unbundled" from occupations, and platforms provide alternative ways to signal competencies, for example, via their rating and review systems. To shed light on the applicability of existing theories to explain the skill profiles of gig workers, we examine what predicts the skills hired in the online gig economy. Based on multilevel ordinal logistic regression analyses of 2336 gig worker profiles, we show that—as in traditional labour markets—gig workers with a vocational degree and longer online work experience are hired for more specific skills. However, national labour market institutions and educational systems affect the gig workers' skill specificity in the opposite direction than in traditional labour markets. Our findings thus suggest that online gig platforms allow workers to overcome restrictions imposed by national institutions as they are hired for those skills in the online gig economy that are institutionally less facilitated in their home labour markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Labor induction rates have increased over the last decades, and in many high‐income countries, more than one in four labors are induced. Outpatient management of labor induction has been suggested in low‐risk pregnancies to improve women's birth experiences while also promoting a more efficient use of healthcare resources. The primary aim of this paper was to assess the proportion of women in a historical cohort that would have been eligible for outpatient labor induction with oral misoprostol. Second, we wanted to report safety outcomes and assess efficacy outcomes for mothers and infants in pregnancies that met the criteria for outpatient care. Material and methods: Criteria for outpatient labor induction with oral misoprostol were applied to a historical cohort of women with induction of labor at two Norwegian tertiary hospitals in the period January 1, through July 31, 2021. The criteria included low‐risk women with an unscarred uterus expecting a healthy, singleton baby in cephalic position at term. The primary outcome was the proportion of women eligible for outpatient labor induction. Secondary outcomes included reasons for ineligibility and, for eligible women, safety and efficacy outcomes. Results: Overall, 29.7% of the 1320 women who underwent labor induction in a singleton term pregnancy met the criteria for outpatient labor induction. We identified two serious adverse events that potentially could have occurred outside the hospital if the women had received outpatient care. The mean duration from initiation of labor induction to administration of the last misoprostol was 22.4 h. One in 14 multiparous women gave birth within 3 h after the last misoprostol dose. Conclusions: In this historical cohort, three in ten women met the criteria for outpatient management of labor induction with oral misoprostol. Serious adverse events were rare. The average time span from the initiation of labor induction to the last misoprostol was nearly 24 h. This suggests a potential for low‐risk women with an induced labor to spend a substantial period of time at home before labor onset. However, larger studies testing or evaluating labor induction with oral misoprostol as an outpatient procedure are needed to draw conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within elite-led projects of ideological transformation, how do leaders encourage practices that reflect and reinforce the ideas, attitudes, and beliefs they are trying to make hegemonic? This article investigates how political elites use different mechanisms of subject formation as they attempt to replace one hegemonic ideology with another and to shape new subjects to match. Whereas leaders of the Mexican and Nicaraguan revolutions often approached creating "new women" through legislation and campaigns, the Cuban revolutionary elites leveraged their swift and broad control over mass media to complement institutional means of subject formation with discursive ones. I draw on careful qualitative analysis of 112 issues of the state-run women's magazine Mujeres (Women) to show how leaders combined both linguistic and visual discourse to promote the development of the socialist "new woman" by encouraging women to participate in a wide range of labor outside of the home and by assisting them as they adjusted to the new material realities of the immediate post-revolutionary period. Bringing mass media swiftly and fully under state control allows leaders to communicate the ideological attitudes and behaviors they wish to promote among the people, while limiting alternate conceptions of revolutionary subjecthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modern trend of telecommuting has gained popularity in recent years, with many employees working from home in lieu of reporting to brick-and-mortar offices. Yet the law has failed to keep up with this trend, particularly in the context of workers' compensation. And with the rise in telecommuting, a rise in workers' compensation claims for injuries sustained in the home is likely to follow. While the common law provides a framework for resolving telecommuter claims in Wisconsin, this framework invites inconsistent application and fails to abide by the purpose of Wisconsin's Workers' Compensation Act. In anticipation of the inevitable rise in workers' compensation claims for telecommuter injuries, the Wisconsin Legislature must address telecommuter claims in the state's workers' compensation statute. This Comment recommends that the Wisconsin Legislature amend the Workers' Compensation Act to create clear standards for the compensability of telecommuter injuries. First, this Comment summarizes the history and background of the Workers' Compensation Act while discussing how Wisconsin courts and the Labor and Industry Review Commission have resolved telecommuter claims. Next, this Comment will explore how telecommuter claims have been resolved in other jurisdictions. Finally, this Comment will analyze how Wisconsin can effectively adopt clear standards for telecommuter injuries and what those standards should require. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article draws on an ethnographic study of employees working from home in 13 Australian households in Sydney, New South Wales and Melbourne, Victoria during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Conducting interviews and household walk throughs via video conferencing software, supplemented by diaries and pictures from householders, we were initially interested in how people managed working from home via digital technology. As the project evolved however, we were struck by the reconfigured role of home life more broadly. During this time, many people found themselves not only restricted to their homes but having to experiment with new modes of living as households became hubs for economic, social, and infrastructural flows and the circulation of goods and services. The households in our study engaged in an array of practices related to self-managing employment from home. What we might think of as the 'work of working from home' practices included everything from managing workspaces, utilities and energy use, to the emotional atmosphere of the home. This reconfiguration of the home as a central hub of social, cultural, and economic life can be productively understood via two complementary approaches: what feminist planners Gilroy and Booth ([1999]. Building an infrastructure for everyday lives. European planning studies, 7 (3), 307–324) have termed 'the infrastructure of everyday life', and Gibson and Graham's ([2008] Diverse economies: performative practices for 'other worlds'. Progress in human geography, 32 (5), 613–632) work on alternative economies. While the practices we studied could be seen as representing a privileged (in terms of class and race) pandemic response, following Gibson-Graham we frame our findings in terms of (re)imagining future social realities. We identify 3 categories: new domesticities; the 'living infrastructures' of work–home life; and everyday economies. In doing so we highlight the hidden and often feminized elements of civic and domestic life – the 'foundational economy' (Barbera, F., Negri, N., and Salento, A., 2018. From individual choice to collective voice. Foundational economy, local commons and citizenship. Rassegna Italiana di sociologia, 2, 371–398.) of care and service provision and beyond – to emphasize just how central this foundational economy has become to our post-vaccination futures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of the COVID‐19 on the nature of work cannot be overstated. In Canada, following the largest and quickest transition to remote work ever, a significant number of public servants found themselves working from home for most of 2020 and 2021. As governments come out of the pandemic, they begin transitioning to hybrid work arrangements. This article analyzes attitudes and perspectives of public servants in the Public Service of Canada on return to office and transitioning to hybrid work. It also discusses how these can inform research and practice in Canadian public administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1970s Wages Against Housework (WAH) movement has much to offer as we form a "new normal" for life and work within the Covid-19 pandemic. WAH feminist philosophers Mariarosa Dalla Costa, Selma James, and Silvia Federici, as well as WAH critic Angela Davis outline the ways in which the housewife functions as a laborer within capitalist accumulation, as her duties to care for the home and rear the children generate the possibility of the husband to labor outside the home. This role of the housewife in Dalla Costa and James' "social factory" parallels the work of teachers and the chorus of demands to "return to the classroom" that were placed on teachers in the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic. Highlighting these parallels, the argument of this essay is simple: Covid-19 has visibilized the underpaid and unpaid labor of teachers. We ought to engage this moment of visibilization to demand transformative change to the teaching profession. Due to the parallels between WAH's "housewife" and teachers, we have much to learn from WAH theorizing as we demand those transformative changes, especially now as we solidify our "new normal" more than two years since the Covid-19 pandemic began. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text provides a list of references and contributors for an academic publication on various topics related to social justice practice, narrative inquiry, task-based language teaching, adult ESL education, and participatory pedagogy. The contributors include Leyla N. M. Norman, a Ph.D. student in Bilingual/ESL Education, and Zohreh R. Eslami, a Professor in Educational Psychology. Their research interests encompass adult ESOL education, language teacher education, and linguistic and cultural diversity. [Extracted from the article]

This article explores the perceptions of quality of life (QOL) while working from home in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study found that most participants experienced increased QOL due to more time with family, a comfortable work environment, and less commuting. However, social isolation was cited as a significant issue affecting QOL. The article suggests that stakeholders should develop social support networks and effective planning initiatives to promote QOL and work-life balance for remote workers in the UK. [Extracted from the article]

"The Aftermath" by Andrea Eisenberg, published in Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics, recounts a poignant and emotionally charged experience of a doctor during a difficult delivery. The narrative delves into the doctor's internal turmoil, self-doubt, and grief following the loss of a newborn, exploring the profound impact of such events on healthcare professionals. The story reflects on themes of guilt, isolation, and the enduring effects of traumatic experiences in the medical field, offering a raw and introspective perspective on the complexities of delivering healthcare in challenging circumstances. [Extracted from the article]

In the 1970s and 1980s, Soviet social scientists and planners grew increasingly skeptical that they could draw Central Asian peasants, and especially women, into the industrial workforce, and turned to experimenting with "non traditional" forms of work, such as home labor for handicrafts and consumer goods and family subcontracting in agriculture. This article traces Soviet debates about women's labor and the family in Central Asia in the context of demographic policy, productivity, and welfare. It argues that the evolution of home labor and other "non traditional" labor policies aimed at Central Asians share two distinctive features with neoliberal-inspired welfare discussions in the United States as well as the emerging politics of entrepreneurship in the sphere of international development. First, all three emerged as a result of social scientists and planners revisiting earlier paradigms after perceived policy failures. Second, despite their pessimistic reading of earlier policy initiatives, Soviet policymakers and their counterparts hung on tenaciously to the idea that state policy could be used to improve people's lives. By studying the turn towards individual labor and entrepreneurship in the USSR alongside the emergence of micro-credit in international development and changing welfare politics in the US, we can see neoliberalism emerging where universalist policies meet their limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Context • The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an increasingly sedentary lifestyle among people working from home (WFH), including 71% of Information and Technology (IT) workers. The lifestyle lacks physical activity and also affects people emotionally, which can lead to serious ailments. Objective • The study aimed to identify and understand the burden from gastrointestinal complaints on individuals in the IT sector, who have been working from home due to the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Design • The researcher designed an online, cross)sectional survey, which was prepared on Google Forms. Setting • The study was conducted in Dr. D. Y. Patil Homoeopathic Medical College and Research Centre, Pune, India. Participants • Participants were 101 WFH workers in the IT sector in the Maharashtra state of India. Outcome Measure • The survey comprised a set of 28 questions on gastrointestinal health. The responses were analyzed to understand the types of gastric troubles that respondents had experience. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results • The study included 101 responses for analysis. Most respondents were from 26 to 30 years of age (47.5%). Gender was not identified as an affecting variable. The author did not find any correlation between the variables. Of the 101 respondents, 49 (48.5%) of respondents had experienced gastric troubles since working from home in lockdown. Conclusions • The complaints of the current study’s respondents suggest an incidence of diseases after lockdown, such as acid peptic disease, first degree hemorrhoids, fissure in ano, gastritis, and irritable bowel syndrome. Together with physical ailments, many people have had a varied mental symptomatology that can be likely to give rise to psychosomatic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the testimony of twelve British-Pakistani women living in Oldham, drawn from a larger study about British-Pakistani women's relationship with formal and informal labour, between 1962-2002. These interviewees were either homeworkers for the garment industry or were the children of homeworkers. Homeworking is the practice of 'doing paid employment in the home... for an employer, with little control over the way the work is done'. This work was inherently exploitative, given the long hours and menial pay. Nonetheless, my interviewees revealed that they were not passive victims of economic exploitation, despite being amongst the lowest paid workers in twentieth century Britain. Their testimony highlighted how resistance took many forms, as women managed the demands of waged labour with family responsibilities. Alongside small-scale acts of resistance taking place in homes across Britain, formalised activist campaigns emerged from the mid-1970s, with the purpose of informing homeworkers about their employment rights and changing labour laws. A long-held problem for campaigners-who were often white and middle-class- was reaching migrant women. By the 1990s, sources suggest that campaigns addressed this issue by employing South Asian activists, who were often better positioned to build connections with South Asian homeworkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the economic downturn caused by the pandemic, Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) in the Philippine industry is striving to achieve greater gains because they are able to employ 70% of their staff to work from home. However, within this economy that has been helping the country, inequalities are still present, especially in the work from setup in the new normal. It unfortunately highlights the notion that women’s contribution to domestic work is greater compared to men. From advancing this position, this study aims to describe the narratives of women BPO agents as they express the surrounding conditions that led to their gendered perceptions of the “work from home” (WFH) setup. The authors use qualitative descriptive design and purposive sampling of fourteen (14) women BPO agents working in Cebu as respondents. The paper uses thematic analysis and concludes that the following are the surrounding conditions affecting the views of women on the WFH setup: (a) The opportunity to do both productive and reproductive work; (b) the significance of the age of the children; (c) the impact of support systems; and the (d) consequences of gender stereotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers the spatial dimension of the gendered urban division of labour. The location of early modern women's work is investigated through a database of work activities gathered from early modern notarial depositions. Work is here defined broadly as all activities that contribute towards making a living. Women's (and men's) work happening inside, outside, at home and away from home in early modern Amsterdam is charted and the complex layers of domesticity and mobility that connect closely to women's everyday access to the streets are discussed. Women's labour and the gendered division of work is described in detail, not per specialized sector but as an issue of the general gendered geography of work. The results show strong gendered differences but no strict separations of gendered spheres: although more men worked outside and more women worked inside, we also found men working at home and women working outside, although notably not as much. The major finding is that women did not increasingly work from home, but that men decreasingly did so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the unveiling of the life-size-plus statue of Dame Ethel Smyth (1858-1944) in Dukes Plaza, Dukes Court, Woking on 8 March 2022. Smyth achieved fame primarily as a composer of music, including six operas, but she was also briefly active as a suffragette, as well as becoming a prolific author of memoirs and other prose writings towards the end of her career. She was resident in Surrey for much of her long life, Woking being her home town for over three decades. The article considers the current dearth of statues of women and women composers, provides an overview of Smyth's life and works as well as her connections to Woking (including local individuals who have recently championed her), and reports back on the unveiling ceremony itself. In later sections, it outlines the process of creating the statue and announces the project to install a duplicate maquette at the University of Surrey, Guildford. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Understanding the impact of working from home on health and wellbeing is of great interest to employers and employees alike, with a strong need for up-to-date guidance. The aim of this systematic review was to identify, appraise and synthesise existing research evidence that explores the impact of home working on health and wellbeing outcomes for working people and health inequalities in the population. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of qualitative, quantitative and observational studies. We searched databases, reference lists and UK grey literature and completed citation searching of included papers. We extracted and tabulated key data from the included papers and synthesised narratively. Factors associated with the health and wellbeing of people working at home reported in the literature were displayed by constructing mind maps of each individual factor which had been identified. The findings were combined with an a priori model to develop a final model, which was validated in consultation with stakeholders. Results: Of 96 studies which were found to meet the inclusion criteria for the review, 30 studies were published before the COVID-19 pandemic and a further 66 were published during the pandemic. The quality of evidence was limited by the study designs employed by the authors, with the majority of studies being cross-sectional surveys (n = 59). For the most part, for studies which collected quantitative data, measures were self-reported. The largest volume of evidence identified consisted of studies conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic which looked at factors which influence the relationship between working from home and measures relating to mental health and wellbeing. Fifteen studies which considered the potential for working at home to have different effects for different subgroups suggested that working at home may have more negative consequences during the COVID-19 pandemic for women and in particular, mothers. There was very little evidence on age (two studies), ethnicity (one study), education or income (two studies) in terms of moderating home working effects, and very limited evidence from before the COVID-19 pandemic. The concept of enforced working from home and having 'no choice' was reported in only one paper prior to the pandemic and two papers reporting on working from home as a result of COVID-19. However, the concept of lack of choice around working from home was implicit in much of the literature - even though it was not directly measured. There were no clear patterns of wellbeing measures which changed from positive to negative association (or vice versa) during the pandemic. Limitations: The quality of the evidence base was very much limited by study designs, particularly for studies published during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the majority of studies consisting of data collected by cross-sectional surveys (often online). Due to the rapidly expanding nature of the evidence on this topic, it is possible that new studies were published after the final citation searches were conducted. Discussion: The evidence base for the factors which influence the relationship between home working and health-related outcomes has expanded significantly as a result of the need for those whose work could be done from home to work at home during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings suggest that there are factors relating to the external context, the role of employers and the circumstances of the employee which contribute to determining whether someone works at home and what the associated impacts on health and wellbeing may be. Learning from the COVID-19 lockdown experience will be important to inform future policy on home and hybrid working. Future work: There is a need for better-quality studies of the health impact of home working, in particularly studies which recruit a range of participants who are representative of the working population and which are designed to minimise sampling/recruitment biases and response biases. Funding: This project was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme (project reference 18/93 PHR Public Health Review Team) and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 11, No. 4. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine the relationship of home food procurement (HFP) during COVID-19 to emotional eating and stress using a statewide representative survey (n = 600) in Vermont. Women and people with a job change since COVID-19 were more likely to experience higher stress and emotional eating. Engaging in HFP, especially gardening, is associated with less emotional eating. However, people who fished, hunted, or canned more since the pandemic began were more likely to eat for emotional reasons and experience higher stress. These results suggest that gardening, even during a pandemic, may contribute to stress reduction, more so than other nature-based food production activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large‐scale evasion of the requirements of the law is a substantial part of the interaction between citizen and state under authoritarian regimes. Forced to exist within a coordinate grid established against their will, people routinely play games with the state with the goal of minimizing the hardships of life. Tactics of covert resistance are not necessarily politically motivated by conscious opposition to the regime. Instead, these are a matter of accommodation and survival. It is precisely these popular illegalities that, paradoxically, do not so much weaken a system intended to achieve full implementation of its instructions, but instead strengthen it to a certain degree. Evasion serves as a safeguard against social burnout, replete with unpredictable reactions born of desperation. This article examines practices of mass illegality via examples of evasion of labor obligations in the Soviet Union during the war with Nazi Germany. It analyzes instances that primarily involved peasants, especially women, who predominated in the Soviet rear areas after the men were conscripted into the army. This discriminated‐against and uneducated majority rarely enters historians' field of vision, which concentrates on the diaries and memoirs of the educated, urban part of the Soviet population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While 'the home' is omnipresent within studies of home-located work, the physical or material qualities of the home tend to be positioned as a stable setting within which occupants manage the social complications of home-work. By contrast, we discuss how domestic materialities play a dynamic role in home-work, and how these materialities are mediated by specificities of tenure, household type, dwelling size and other factors. Bringing literature on home-located work into conversation with studies of domestic materialities, the paper draws on interviews and focus groups involving 11 female entrepreneurs working from their homes in Aotearoa New Zealand. Through discussion of participants' negotiations with the functionality and aesthetics of their homes, the paper shows how domestic materialities actively shape, in enabling and restricting ways, the practice and experience of home-located work, while keeping sight of how such materialities are patterned by household characteristics and housing market conditions. The paper offers topical insights as people and employers grapple with the normalisation and relative (un)viability of home-located work post-Covid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with how precarious work in gendered production networks can be regulated to address distributional injustices—examining the regulation of homework in Thailand as a case study. The contribution of this paper is to empirically analyse these outcomes of the organisation and governance of production as gendered distributional injustices. The analytic extends the distributive analysis employed by Shamir by applying feminist global production network scholarship developed by scholars such as Anne Tallontire, Catherine Dolan, Sally Smith, Wilma Dunaway and Stephanie Barrientos. Our aim is to capture the complex ways in which distributional injustices are created in gendered production networks by examining both distributional asymmetries between homeworkers and other actors along the value chain (vertical dynamics), as well as the way that local gender relations shape the social undervaluation of women's home-based work (horizontal dynamics). We draw on rich empirical research to describe these distributional asymmetries for homeworkers in the North-East of Thailand who repair faults in fishing net production for global markets. A handful of countries in the Economic South have reformed labour regulation to address capitalist innovation resulting in new models of production and accumulation. Thailand joined these ranks in 2010, but this has gone without notice in the comparative labour regulation literature. We interrogate the extent that the gendered distributional injustices we identify are corrected through the interventions of Thai labour regulation. We compare the Thai approach with International Labour Organisation Convention 177 (1996) Homework (referred to herein as the ILO Homework Convention or C177). We conclude by suggesting ways that the Thai approach could be strengthened, drawing in places on examples of labour regulation advances in other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to widespread work and school closures during the early waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, many mothers were forced to work from home while supervising their children's remote schooling. The current study examines maternal reflections on this period, focusing on the perceived impact of working in close proximity for both mothers and their children in the United States. Mothers reported that their children learned more about their job responsibilities since the onset of the pandemic compared to before it, which was likely due to children spending more time closer to their mothers while they worked. We used thematic analysis to examine mothers' open-ended responses. Two overarching themes emerged. The first theme was that greater time together increases children's understanding of working mothers' role in the family, workplace, and community. The second theme was that observing one's mother work from home can inform children's future career paths. Mothers shared that this experience of learning about their mothers' career enabled their children to better understand their perspective, which has the potential to be an empathy-building experience. Looking towards the future, this increased respect and empathy have the potential to improve relationship quality and help children view their mothers' careers more favourably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: It is difficult for women in labor to determine when best to present for hospital admission, particularly at first childbirth. While it is often recommended that women labor at home until their contractions have become regular and ≤ 5-minutes apart, little research has investigated the utility of this recommendation. This study investigated the relationship between timing of hospital admission, in terms of whether women's labor contractions had become regular and ≤ 5-minutes apart before admission, and labor progress. Methods: This was a cohort study of 1,656 primiparous women aged 18–35 years with singleton pregnancies who began labor spontaneously at home and delivered at 52 hospitals in Pennsylvania, USA. Women who were admitted before their contractions had become regular and ≤ 5-minutes apart (early admits) were compared to those who were admitted after (later admits). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess associations between timing of hospital admission and active labor status on admission (cervical dilation 6–10 cm), oxytocin augmentation, epidural analgesia and cesarean birth. Results: Nearly two-thirds of the participants (65.3%) were later admits. These women had labored for a longer time period before admission (median, interquartile range [IQR] 5 hours (3–12 hours)) than the early admits (median, (IQR) 2 hours (1–8 hours), p < 0.001); were more likely to be in active labor on admission (adjusted OR [aOR] 3.78, 95% CI 2.47–5.81); and were less likely to experience labor augmentation with oxytocin (aOR 0.44, 95% CI 0.35–0.55); epidural analgesia (aOR 0.52, 95% CI 0.38–0.72); and cesarean birth (aOR 0.66, 95% CI 0.50–0.88). Conclusions: Among primiparous women, those who labor at home until their contractions have become regular and ≤ 5-minutes apart are more likely to be in active labor on hospital admission and less likely to experience oxytocin augmentation, epidural analgesia and cesarean birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]