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This paper identifies the need for a pedagogical re-orientation in UK higher education to prepare graduates to overcome wicked problems. In addition to key knowledge sets, graduates need attributes of critical self-reflection, risk-awareness and management, collaboration, creativity, agility, reflexivity – enabling the ability to manage the unknown. In response, researchers have acknowledged the importance of pedagogies that are risk-oriented, creative, and reflective to remedy modernist banking methods. This paper acknowledges that while such pedagogies are underutilised, an antagonistic dichotomy between modernist banking methods (bad) and enquiry and risk-oriented approaches (good) is unhelpful as both approaches are necessary. This paper develops a metamodern framework to guide pedagogic practices to facilitate a disposition among learning strategists and practitioners which embraces oscillation between banking and radical pedagogic approaches. In turn this enables the development of student sensibilities, empowering them to challenge the growing wickedness with which they must do battle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on Einstein's fictionalized role in Christopher Nolan's "Oppenheimer," appearing at crucial moments to challenge the dichotomy between science and politics. Topics include Einstein's interactions with Oppenheimer during the Manhattan Project, his symbolic presence in pivotal scenes, and the film's broader exploration of scientific ethics and political influence.

In many contexts of multilingualism, language learners can initiate communication in the target language (TL), or a contact language (such as English). Patterns of use emerging from these choices affect TL development. They also vary between individuals. Willingness to communicate (WTC) needs to be investigated in ways that capture these variations. So far, WTC has not been studied in multilingual contexts, or using individual-level longitudinal designs. Employing a single-case, time-serial design and focused on a critical period of TL growth, this study explores WTC trajectories of adult learners of Swedish for whom the TL and English provide viable communication options in community interaction. Change point and moving window correlational analyses reveal the operation of mutually interacting influences that shape WTC and have system-level effects. With light shed on processes at the developmental timescale, findings are discussed in the context of language choice, co-evolution, and the trait–state dichotomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bimodal stimulation, a cochlear implant (CI) in one ear and a hearing aid (HA) in the other, provides highly asymmetrical inputs. To understand how asymmetry affects perception and memory, forward and backward digit spans were measured in nine bimodal listeners. Spans were unchanged from monotic to diotic presentation; there was an average two-digit decrease for dichotic presentation with some extreme cases of decreases to zero spans. Interaurally asymmetrical decreases were not predicted based on the device or better-functioning ear. Therefore, bimodal listeners can demonstrate a strong ear dominance, diminishing memory recall dichotically even when perception was intact monaurally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper applies Juri Lotman’s theory of the semiosphere to utopian studies with the aim of identifying the principal components and mode of functioning of classic utopian discourse. Without questioning the ultimate result of any interaction within a utopian dialogic situation, which necessarily demonstrates the superiority of the ideal world (no-place/ou-topos) over the external world of imperfection (e.g. Europe or America), it is argued that the encounter between the utopian and non-utopian semiospheres offers an interesting starting point for a discussion of intercultural translation and dialogicity involving two different mechanisms of sign production. Contrary to its ‘real-world’ counterpart, where the sign production is governed by asymmetry, binarism, replacement, and diversification, the utopian semiosphere relies on the truthfulness of signs, all-encompassing semioticity, unifying enhancement, and homogeneity. The hyperbolization of the opposition between the ideal state and the external world is metonymically reflected in the construction of the utopian state itself, with its centre and periphery radically polarized and separated by the impassable internal boundary. Although typical representations of the external utopian boundary foreground its distinctly separative function, multiple acts of the intercultural exchange between representatives of the two semiospheres expose the boundary’s translatory function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is continued pressure on universities to develop future-oriented graduates given documented skill gaps and global talent shortages. Although work experience supports work-readiness and is prioritised among graduate employers, little is known about the labour market gains from student employment compared to work experience embedded within the curriculum (e.g. internship or work placement), and how one may influence the other. Drawing on the lens of capital resources and signalling theory, this study uses national survey data from 152,226 recent Australian graduates to examine the relationship between student employment, in-curricular work experience and labour market outcomes. The findings affirm the high incidence of student employment and distinctions in labour market effects by type of work undertaken during study. Student employment influenced participation in embedded work experience and other employability-building activities facilitated by universities. Taking part in in-curricular work experience led to clear labour market gains, irrespective of the type of employment students engaged in during their university years. This paper discusses important implications for universities striving to develop student employability and achieve more uniform graduate employment outcomes among diverse cohorts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of organisational culture in supporting organisational outcomes is well documented in the further education (FE) sector within the UK. The benefits of a strong and unifying culture are recognised as having a positive impact on staff and students. However, a cultural institutional dichotomy has been acknowledged between the business and educational needs of colleges within the FE sector since the advent of incorporation in 1993. This paper utilised an interpretive, hermeneutical approach to analyse the perceptions of principals, middle leaders and teachers, within three general further education colleges (GFECs) in England to determine if that dichotomy exists in their current operating environment. The paper concludes that while there are elements of a clash of business and education ideals, general further education college (GFEC) culture has moved beyond the narrative of being corporate and driven solely by the concept of performativity. The article contributes to the ongoing debate on FE purpose and establishes the importance of aligning macro and subcultures into a set of professional working practices within GFECs to support positive student outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several language dichotomies – particularly the pervasive idea that "academic" language distinctly contrasts with "social" language – have dominated teachers' thinking and discourse about language-related instructional practices in recent decades. Many researchers now question ramifications that binary thinking about language might have for students, particularly multilingual students and students speaking non-dominant English varieties. Teacher educators are called to challenge dichotomous thinking about language in working with teachers, and our study illuminates some of the difficulties they face in that pursuit. In this practitioner-research study, we present data from online discussions in a graduate-level linguistics in education course, in which 19 in-service teachers seeking ESL endorsements discussed an article critiquing the dichotomy of Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS) and Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP). Our question was: How do in-service teachers respond to critiques of dichotomous views of language? We used structural and descriptive qualitative coding to locate teachers' exploration of these ideas in their discussions and then examined their rationales. Our findings suggest that most teachers rejected the article's critique and instead defended BICS and CALP alongside other language dichotomies, often linking justifications to their experiences with multilingual students. We offer implications for disrupting this binary thinking through new approaches to recontextualizing teachers' knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to identify the markedness constraints and constraint rankings responsible for limiting the Classical Arabic metra to a unique group of eight. To that end, the proposed account assumes the cross-linguistically usame basic principles and devices tilised for the analysis of word-stress in natural languages. Mainly, constraints interpreting boundedness, headedness, quantity-sensitivity, exhaustivity, and extrametricality are formalised and ranked classic arabic assess constituency and metrical parsing. In particular, requirements on binarity applying on different levels of the metrical structure will demarcate the maximality and minimality boundaries for constituent moraicity and eventually define the domain for the metron. Other requirements on constituent headedness will distinguish the first seven of the eight metra as most harmonious. Like Sanskrit or Ancient Greek, Classical Arabic metre is basically considered to be quantitative, where weight mostly regulates the mapping to strong positions. Crucially, such mapping is established through a set of constraints unravelling the intrinsic prominence associated with the form of the uneven iamb, which features in the first seven metra, ruling out any implausible candidates that are possibly configured within that binarity domain. On another dimension, head verse foot non-finality, or more generally non-peripherality, coupled with final light syllable extrametricality create the environment for optimising the eighth metron, the final syllable of which is light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a teacher in Arizona advocating for the centering of hybridity in language arts classrooms as a form of resistance against political and social polarization. Topics discussed include the theoretical framework of hybridity and borderlands theory, the impact of false dichotomies on students, and practical curricular actions to support student identity and criticality.

This study investigated the influence of MBTI personality types, specifically feeling (F) and thinking (T), on performance metrics in text translation tasks. Utilizing a blend of emotive, cognitive, and operational skills as performance indicators, we examined how time spent on tasks, final scores and confidence levels correlate with these psychological typologies. The results support previous literature in revealing the prowess of thinking types in analytical tasks; however, they also unveil nuances such as the strong performance of feeling types in translation. Overall, the findings challenge conventional notions of self-efficacy across MBTI types, opening new avenues for multidisciplinary research to illuminate the interplay between personality and performance in translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a µ;n dichotomic systems generalization of Palmer's lemma was proved. Necessary and sufficient conditions of the existence of bounded on the whole axis solutions and quasisolutions that minimize the residual norm were obtained. Index of the corresponding operator was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People in Jordan have suffered the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic. The Jordanian government took some pre-emptive measures to curb the spread of the virus, including the announcement of indefinite curfew and nationwide strict lockdown. Humorous texts appear to be the people's key to escape from life stress, minimise the pressure of unpleasant situations and increase pleasure. Jordanian humour attracts our attention to find out what it does during the Covid-19 pandemic and investigate its structure. To pursue this aim, a sample of 50 jokes and memes were collected from Facebook and WhatsApp in 2020 and analysed using the General Theory of Verbal Humour (GTVH). The researchers conducted a systematic and detailed analysis of the data relying on the six knowledge resources postulated by the GTVH, which are script opposition, logical mechanism, situation, target, narrative strategy and language. The analysis showed that humour can be viewed as a tool to release the tensions caused by Covid-19 restrictions on mobility and lockdown. It also revealed the people's comments on different aspects of their life during the pandemic, including but not limited to social contact, economic status and education. In most of the analysed texts, humour is playful and serves the function of decommitment. This study offers insights into Arabic humour discourse, showing how jokes may serve the emerging context and encourage conducting studies on humorous texts in various settings to show what roles they would play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adapting anthropological and postcolonial theories of liminality to translation studies with a cross-cultural lens, this study explores the English translation of the Turkish cult novel Çalıkuşu (1922) by Reşat Nuri Güntekin, and scrutinizes the feasibility and applicability of liminality in the intersection of cultural and translation studies. The concept of liminality indicates a pluralistic, vague, ambivalent in-between space for the representation of identity in translation studies, and paves the way for a hybrid production, rather than the mere reflection of cultural meaning. Çalıkuşu was translated into English under the title of The autobiography of a Turkish girl in 1949 by Sir Wyndham Deedes. Being a novel of transition written during the period, in which the Republic of Turkey was born out of the ashes of the Ottoman Empire, having a protagonist who seems to be neither totally Eastern nor Western, and being translated by a translator who is neither an insider nor an outsider to the Turkish culture, Çalıkuşu serves as a fertile ground for an exploration based on the concept of liminality. Within this framework, through multiple contextualizations, this study problematizes dynamics of cultural overlappings in the "liminal, in-between" space, and posits the location of the translation, translator and translated text in this paradigm. It consequently postulates an analytical framework consisting of contextual liminality, intratextual liminality, agent-based liminality and liminality in translation strategies pertaining to the text, and concludes that liminality can be valuable in shedding light onto linguistic and cultural processes and critical dispositions of a translation activity. Article highlights: The concept of liminality has been useful in discussing linguistic and cultural processes in translation activities. The use of liminality can break down essentialist barriers and develop hybridity consciousness in translation studies. Various layers of in-betweenness in Çalıkuşu and its translation into English have been illuminated through liminality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While addressing the decolonial critique of Eurocentric modernity and the call for alternative cosmo-visions, this article retraces Juri Lotman's culturological exploration towards the concept of ternarity [mephaphocmb]: the scrutiny of the so-called binarism is what connects - without overlapping - the two perspectives. This long-distance dialogue will be built starting with the key notion of binary opposition, which will be analysed as a decolonial problem (Part I) and as a culturological problem (Part II). The analysis will focus on two central issues that stem from the either-or logic: the "othering mindset", and the culture-nature dualism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study explores ways trans and gender-nonconforming athletes navigate a sense of relational (un)belonging in sport contexts. Our research reveals dialectic movements between feelings of inclusion/exclusion juxtaposed with the structural being of inclusion/exclusion. More specifically, the feeling of inclusion/exclusion gestures to individual sensed experiences of (un)belonging, while the being of inclusion/exclusion anchors a participant's individual affective experience navigating binarism vis-à-vis administrative constraints. Taken together, two dialectics—feeling included ↔ being excluded and its dialectic reversal feeling excluded ↔ being included—communicatively constitute what we theorize as "trans relational ambivalences," which mediate a sense of relational (un)belonging in sport contexts. Our findings implicate settler modes of relating across gender difference, revealing a problem of modernity. Specifically, we reveal a problem in which settler coloniality's ontological foreclosure on multiplicities produce the communicative effect of individuation. In this regard, our analysis holds inclusion in dialectic tension with exclusion such that the affective experience of one cannot be understood without the structural enactment of the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We characterize the existence of an exponential dichotomy for a difference equation with delay in terms of the invertibility of a certain linear operator between quite general admissible spaces. These include all ℓ p spaces with p ∈ [ 1 , + ∞ ] as well as many other Banach spaces. The characterization requires using special norms that involve the delay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, based on an examination of the academic production on the issue between 2007 and 2021, identifies the coincidences, limitations, and challenges of addressing the human rights of intersexuality in Latin America. Intersexuality questions essentialisms and perspectives on sex and gender, and the limits of what is defined as "human," which poses a challenge for states and human rights organizations. It concludes with the current problems of rights, related to the lack of public policies, the absence of protection mechanisms and the need to include the psychosocial approach to address rights violations and comprehensive redress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It can be tempting to read Iris Murdoch as subscribing to the same position as standard contemporary moral realists. Her language is often similar to theirs and they share some key commitments, most importantly the rejection of the fact-value dichotomy. However, it is a mistake to assume that her realism amounts to the same thing theirs does. In this paper I offer a sketch of her alternative conception of realism, which centres on the idea that truth and reality are fundamentally ethical concepts. For Murdoch, I suggest, realism is a matter of doing justice to the objects one is confronted with—something that cannot be understood except in ethical terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contrast between the North and the South was a recurrent topos in Romantic literature, and in Scandinavia it played a crucial role in the Romantic writers' search for a national cultural identity. This article deals with the meaning and function of this imagery in some of Esaias Tegnér's most famous poems. Being present already in his patriotic and partly Classicist poem 'Svea' (1811), Tegnér developed and tried to reconcile the opposition between the North and the South in his more Romantic poems, such as 'Skidbladner' (1 81 2) and 'Flyttfåglarna' (1812), and finally created a powerful synthesis of them in his major literary work, the epic Viking tale Frithiofs saga (1 825). One should note, however, that the words 'north' and 'south' in Tegnér's writings seldom refer to any specific geographic location. They seem rather to be the names of two extreme poles in his poetics. Working always together they form what the structuralists used to call a 'binary opposition'. As such they are closely related to a whole range of other binaries: Nature versus Culture, Masculine versus Feminine, the Spiritual versus the Material, Life versus Death, etc. Consequently, Tegnér makes use of them in order to develop, elaborate and structure other kinds of ideas and images. They are, in other words, not a result of his poetic imagination but a precondition for it. This tendency to think and write in opposites might be explained by the fact that Tegnér lived and worked in a period of turbulent transition in Europe, but it may also have something to do with the swinging moods and tendency to 'bipolar disorder' in his own personality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Item-based scoring has been advocated as a psychometrically robust approach to translation quality assessment, outperforming traditional neo-hermeneutic and error analysis methods. The past decade has witnessed a succession of item-based scoring methods being developed and trialed, ranging from calibration of dichotomous items to preselected item evaluation. Despite this progress, these methods seem to be undermined by several limitations, such as the inability to accommodate the multifaceted reality of translation quality assessment and inconsistent item calibration procedures. Against this background, we conducted a methodological exploration, utilizing what we call an item-based, Rasch-calibrated method, to measure translation quality. This new method, built on the sophisticated psychometric model of many-facet Rasch measurement, inherits the item concept from its predecessors, but addresses previous limitations. In this article, we demonstrate its operationalization and provide an initial body of empirical evidence supporting its reliability, validity, and utility, as well as discuss its potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper raises the problem of binarisms in Juri Lotman's conceptual and text analytical system from a new perspective. The approach combines several focal aspects of examination. It consist of the parallel study of the application of the notion of binarism in cultural semiotic theory and its active role as a crucial methodological tool for literary text interpretation (the question is: how binary notions in scientific interpretive metatexts are related to the examined culture texts and traditions). Binary models are put into a context of ternary models as interpreted by J. Lotman and B. Uspensky in their 1977 article "The Role of Dual Models in the Dynamics of Russian Culture (until the End of the Eighteenth Century)." The theory expounded by the two scholars is compared with Lotman's overview of Russian literature of the classical period (1992) where he gives further details on the two models manifesting themselves in 19th-century authors' poetics. In the paper, the role of the neutral, inbetween semantic sphere is accorded special attention so as to clarify the real nature of Lotman's suggestion in indentifying the meaning-creative energy of this middle, mediatory semantic zone. Through the investigation, the coherence of Lotman's oeuvre is revealed, which refutes the possibility of interpreting the functionalisation of binary notions and their different uses within the framework of the structuralist or the poststructuralis paradigm. The universal cultural nature of thinking in oppositions is interpreted in concrete terms of the semiotic principles of meaning-engendering, explaining the issues of semantic difference (deviation), meaning-transformation (text-dynamics), the shift from binarism to plurality, and semiotic mediation. The paper ends with outlining future perspectives in the investigation of the problem of binarisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of impermanence between traditionalism and postmodernism gave birth to Banana's unique "hybrid narrative". There, people are caught between traditional values and the attraction of the postmodern lifestyle. Banana's character loves the kitchen and has a traditional belief in ghosts but is also openly LGBT-identifying—a challenge to modern binarism that is ready to confront random postmodern disasters. The character tries to escape but still seems to be stuck in the same place. This is similar to the situation that young Japanese have to face. In the eternal struggle of life, they need to be honest, live according to their own personal values and, more importantly, always show a willingness to help others with the most practical actions. Observing the world as a whole, Banana's novels and short stories are simultaneously new and old, and readers today are eager for her stories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on relations between Venice, Italy and the Sublime Porte are further complicated by the acute tensions that cross the Italian peninsula and the attempts of one or the other of conflicting powers. It mentions represent an opposition dichotomy of ways and criteria of the decision-making process: on the one hand diplomacy and border disputes, prisoner exchanges, and war. It also mentions linguistic formulas and conceptual constructs that structure those documents.

This article builds upon existing scholarship concerning the relationship between improvisation and composition. Sections 1 to 3 comprise an exploration into and analysis of both the traditional understanding of improvisation and composition as opposing categories, as well as the more modern, nuanced view of their interpenetrating natures. I conclude that the former view should be replaced by the latter. Sections 4 and 5 present and subsequently negate two potential failings of my argument. First, I confront the problem posed by Goehr's work-concept, whose essence is opposed to the spirit of improvisation, but argue that recording allows for the solidification of these improvisations into works. Secondly, I undermine the view that composition is creation ex nihilo whilst improvisation is the mere reworking of old material. I uncover the originality of improvisation and formulae of composition to restore their compatibility and reinforce improvisation's status as a method of broad- and narrow-sense composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How is monoracialism un/learned from generation to generation? In this duoethnography, the co-authors engage in reflexive letter writing to purposefully connect their personal relationships with Aeriel's daughter, Azaelea, to their academic ideas as poststructural scholars. In doing so, they practice letting go of inherited dichotomies (such as mother versus scholar), lean into expansive ontoepistemological possibilities informed by their both/and positionalities as mama-scholar and auntie-scholar, in order to dream of expansive, healing, and liberatory futures that can emerge from connecting across difference, listening with raw openness, and pursuing radical interrelatedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has suggested that a rigid dichotomy between small and professional talk is misleading given the porous nature of 'types' of talk. Yet, other research considers this distinction helpful in understanding the functions of talk in situated contexts. This article contributes to this discussion by discussing one type of small talk—co-topical small talk (CST). Drawing from Hudak and Maynard's (2011) understanding of CST as talk that combines instrumental and small talk, we further discuss the bigness of such talk in holistic medical encounters. Specifically, we focus on the ambiguity embedded in participants' turns that allows the navigation of topics between the small/big talk distinctions. We use Conversation Analysis focusing on a routine traditional Chinese medicine doctor–patient encounter. Our data present a case where CST comfortably and appropriately emerges and develops into extensive troubles talk that forms the main activity in caring for older adults. We conclude that the smallness/bigness of talk is determined by the nature of the context and the relevancy of the topic to the encounter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on Anglo-Irish representations and postcolonial discourse in J. S. Le Fanu's "The familiar" and antagonism is reflected in how the dichotomy self versus other is portrayed in Gothic literature. It mentions Gothic literature would constitute an examination of how identities, both individual and shared, are formed. It also mentions state of the Anglo-Irish class as colonizers but not quite fostering a cultural blending between the Catholic and the Protestant communities.

In this paper, I review developments in discussions of fiction and emotion over the last decade concerning both the descriptive question of how to classify fiction-directed emotions and the normative question of how to evaluate those emotions. Although many advances have been made on these topics, a mistaken assumption is still common: that we must hold either that fiction-directed emotions are (empirically or normatively) the same as other emotions, or that they are different. I argue that we should reject this dichotomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on contemporary proliferation of queer and trans identities. Topics include compulsory repetition of gender norms, contemporary queer, and trans culture investing strongly in the notion of gender identity; and identifying divergence, binarism, and autology as the four logics driving the historical production of new categories of gender and sexuality.

The manuscript presents a review of the theoretical perspectives on intersections and crossings which have opened up discussion on intersections, hybridities, mixtures and fluidities. To the existing field of gender studies, we propose to add the theoretical trajectories of crossing in order to open them up to dialogue, and to apply them in dialogue critically and creatively. We review intelectual proposals from different areas of knowledge: Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw, Néstor García Canclini, Hommi Bhabha and Nancy Fraser; our aim is to tension the sex-gender normativities which prevail in our cultural order, and which are the basis on which the pluralities which form a part of social life are excluded. The works referred to share this critical attitude to binary thinking: a de-idealisation of the pure, the native, identity, fixedness, the monolithic subject. They do not believe in the fixed categories of modernity, but share the perspective of dynamism, flows and the permanent reconfiguration of otherness/alterity. Our reading of intellectuals translates into some proposals --and questions-- to extend the theoretical-conceptual corpus in the field of gender studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores how photographs selected from an archive represent the Cham ethnic group. It argues that portrait photographs provide a useful analytical focus for critiquing ethnonational categories and their visual representations. Cham live across Southeast Asia, speak a Malayo-Polynesian language and exemplify the global and protracted nature of forced displacement. Little unites them beyond their self-identification as such, and their minority status in every country they call home. The article examines the extent to which selected photographs engage with and challenge dominant depictions of Cham ethnicity as a basis for considering an alternative approach to belonging that is not bound to the dichotomy of self and other. It concludes that the materiality of the sea holds greater potential to capture the emotional and atemporal elements of living as a migrant or an ethnic minority than analyses trapped within the linear and bounded spatiotemporal frames that create those conceptual categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a close examination of the notion of friendship and its intimate connection to politics, the present study aims to discover the intricate ways in which friendship is portrayed in relation to virtue, enmity, and politics in one of Shakespeare's most politically-charged tragedies, "Julius Caesar". With a systematic reading of the ancient inquiries on friendship, the study particularly investigates the Shakespearean idea of friendship through the Derridean dichotomy of the friend and its inevitable bond to the enemy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Kenya, among the youth, traditionally there were established language practice differences where youth in the rural areas would speak the domicile mother tongue while the urban youth re-designed their identity by creating and communicating in 'Sheng'. This is no longer the case as the rural-urban language divide is linguistically flattening due to increased use of digital media, urbanization of rural spaces and globalization. This paper describes new digital media language trends among Kenyan urban youth and explains how globalization and digital media have become the unifying factor between rural and urban youth language practices. The paper contends that the narrowing of the urban-rural dichotomy in language use seems to have created semi-homogenous language practices among the youth in both rural and urban areas. This has been made possible by affordable internet which gives the rural youth access to urban culture and global trends. The paper also describes how urbanization of rural towns and rural-urban-urban-rural migration has created pathways that carry urban language practices to previously rural areas and created a form of African modernity and urbanity in these spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early studies focused mainly on demystifying Sufism, but little has been said about its mediated broadcasting to the Moroccan audience. This article explores the ways Moroccan public media channels the Sufi dichotomies. Specifically, I investigate the binary oppositions of cultural rites versus Sufi esoteric practices through a reflexive thematic analysis. A purposeful inspection of Turouq Alarefeen's TV program is gauged to identify the manifestation of Sufi and cultural aspects in this TV show as a sample for this study. Three themes are selected to contextualize the discussion: language absurdity, esotericism versus exotericism, and glorification of the shaykhs. The qualitative methodology seems to serve my research better as it is convenient for the nature of the subject matter. I have worked on the most recent ten program episodes as samples representing mainly an ongoing Sufi TV show. The main findings reveal how the Media reproduce the mystery of Sufism and the fact that coverage tends to amalgamate cultural dimensions of popular Islam with Sufi esoteric scopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses British author Marion Milner's views on embodiment in her autobiographical, theoretical, and clinical work. She considers body attention a state in which consciousness is suffused in the lived body and redeeming the body as the dialectic reunion of mind and body. In her writings, she invokes a series of longstanding and interconnected binary oppositions in Western thought between male and female, mind and body, and rationality and irrationality.

Between November 1891 and June 1893, as famine spread to seventeen provinces in European Russia, Tolstoy headed a famine aid project that ensured the survival of thousands of people: a network of communal kitchens. His writing from the time reveals that his approach to famine relief was informed by scientific debate between Russian and British thinkers about "the struggle for existence" and the dichotomy of competition versus cooperation--a debate in which, not coincidentally, Russian naturalists agreed with anarchists on the primacy of "the law of mutual aid." Mutual aid is cited and coded in Tolstoy's writing and, ultimately, I argue, informed not only his theory of social change but also the role and mechanisms by which art enables social change. In his essays about the famine, Tolstoy developed a theory of change through a form of famine aid that "infects" those it involves, so that vulnerability, risk, and moral benefits are more evenly distributed across the community, ensuring its survival and moral flourishing. This theory of "infectious" transformation reappears in What Is Art?, making possible the analysis of similarities between mutual aid and aesthetic experience--both operate via horizontal transmission of inspiration that Tolstoy describes as "infectious." Tolstoy's discussion of the communal kitchen is revisited in this paper in light of new scholarship exploring infectiousness, the ongoing Coronavirus epidemic, and increasing public attention to mutual aid. Contemporary mutual aid groups share common roots with Tolstoy's famine aid, hearkening back to early modern mutual and friendly societies and Quaker relief systems, to the settlement house movement, and later the Catholic Worker Movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For diasporic communities, beyond the obvious dichotomy between the home language and the language used by the host community, there lie the complexities of language use and language ideologies related to standard and non-standard versions spoken by the community members. These complexities galvanise various attitudes performed through linguistic as well as behavioural choices. The current study aims to present language ideologies prevalent among adults in Turkish complementary schools in London and young people's responses to these. Adopting a micro-ethnographic approach, data were collected through participant observations at a Turkish complementary school in London over a period of 13 months. In addition, individual unstructured interviews were conducted with teachers, parents and young people attending the school, and recordings of naturally occurring conversations within the school were made. The results of the analysis indicated that the standard vs. non-standard dichotomy in relation to the Turkish language varieties were built around a discourse of legitimate vs. incorrect/broken language use by the teachers, which was then resisted in various ways by the young people. Young people's responses to their teachers' language teaching practices raise alternative discourses around the legitimacy of Standard Turkish and the (de)legitimacy of Cypriot Turkish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study contributes to the ongoing debate about the informational status of attitudinal content with a focus on verbal irony. Specifically, we investigate where the different meaning components involved in ironic utterances are positioned in the dichotomy between primary and secondary content of utterances. After an analysis of the semantic and pragmatic characteristics of ironic meaning components and their linguistic expression, we show, based on experimental data, that ironic, non-literally asserted content is "less" at-issue than non-ironic, literally asserted content. Crucially, our findings also suggest that an ironic utterance's non-literally asserted content is more at-issue than the attitudinal content expressed with an ironic utterance. No difference is observed between attitudinal content manifested as ironic criticism and content manifested as ironic praise. Our findings support the notion of at-issueness as a graded criterion and can be used to argue that verbal irony in general seems to be difficult to reject directly and treated as at-issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the representation of queerness in reverse harem manga/anime. The first part of the article examines the problematic depictions of queer characters in Sensual Phrase by Shinjō Mayu and Fushigi Yûgi by Watase Yuu. My argument is that, although the queer characters in Shinjō's and Watase's works appear to crystallise the notion of gender fluidity, they still reinforce binarism and fixed gender roles. In other words, queerness in these two manga is merely ornamental. These queer characters are only meant to highlight idealised femininity, which is commonly ascribed to female protagonists in shōjo manga and anime. Apart from the two works mentioned, I will also analyse Cardcaptor Sakura, a shōjo manga series by Clamp. I shall contend that, in comparison with the other two works, Cardcaptor Sakura, which contains some elements typically found in the harem genre, proves to be more revolutionary in the way it plays with queerness and gender fluidity. While the characters who epitomise queerness in Cardcaptor Sakura show their love towards the protagonist like other queer or gay characters in the reverse harem genre, these characters gain more autonomy in their romantic pursuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Australia, it is often thought that the decision of whether to impose a constructive trust invariably attracts the exercise of remedial discretion. This article argues that, in reality, the exercise of discretion is highly circumscribed. Further, where such discretion is exercised, it is useful to distinguish between cases where judges take into account factors affecting justice inter partes, and those where judges also take third party considerations into account. The latter sort of discretion has, to date, only been exercised systemically in one factual scenario. This revelation provides reason to reflect on the status of certain High Court dicta, the relevance of the 'institutional'-'remedial' constructive trust dichotomy, and the relationship between rights and remedies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the role of personal pronouns we and they in building a community with a shared future in President Xi Jinping's 61 diplomatic texts from 2013 to 2018. Adopting systemic functional linguistics and positive discourse analysis, the complementarity instead of opposition of the two personal pronouns are discussed under a holistic view with diverse category relations generated through ambiguous use (i.e. inclusion and exclusion) to explain how the community is discursively construed. The "Self/Other" dichotomy is replaced by a cline with we and they intertwined. The wandering use within and across each personal pronoun in the discourse contributes to the construction of the community with a shared future on four different levels, i.e. that for Chinese nation, for two countries, for a region and for mankind, with contextual consideration examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Current models of attention hypothesize three distinct mechanisms of control. • Shortcomings of tripartite models of attentional control are discussed. • Next, a broader theme governing the control of attention is explored. • A monolithic theory centered on this broader theme is proposed. • Implications of the proposed theory and its explanatory power are explored. The control of attention was long held to reflect the influence of two competing mechanisms of assigning priority, one goal-directed and the other stimulus-driven. Learning-dependent influences on the control of attention that could not be attributed to either of those two established mechanisms of control gave rise to the concept of selection history and a corresponding third mechanism of attentional control. The trichotomy framework that ensued has come to dominate theories of attentional control over the past decade, replacing the historical dichotomy. In this theoretical review, I readily affirm that distinctions between the influence of goals, salience, and selection history are substantive and meaningful, and that abandoning the dichotomy between goal-directed and stimulus-driven mechanisms of control was appropriate. I do, however, question whether a theoretical trichotomy is the right answer to the problem posed by selection history. If we reframe the influence of goals and selection history as different flavors of memory-dependent modulations of attentional priority and if we characterize the influence of salience as a consequence of insufficient competition from such memory-dependent sources of priority, it is possible to account for a wide range of attention-related phenomena with only one mechanism of control. The monolithic framework for the control of attention that I propose offers several concrete advantages over a trichotomy framework, which I explore here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]