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The aim of this article is to investigate the state of conservation of the Roman Theatre of Regina Turdulorum during its history. Therefore, a first part is presented, dedicated to understanding those documents referred to the preservation of this theatre. Then, the criteria for restoration of the different interventions in the theatre are analyzed. In the third and last part, the current situation of the theatre site is presented to examine its compatibility with the Roman ruins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spain's tourism sector, of undeniable importance, has been on the rise in recent years, resulting in a considerable expansion in the range of these types of texts along with an increase in tourists' demands with regards to them, due to their greater levels of knowledge. This paper addresses the need for translators to acquire expert knowledge in translation studies in order to properly complete semispecialised tourism texts. An architecture guide was chosen because it features a series of characteristics that place it halfway between a tourism guide and a specialised text on architecture. The publication by the Junta de Andalucía (regional government) of the architecture guides of the eight Andalusian provinces has made it possible to share Andalusia's architectural heritage with tourists interested in it. Translated only into English, these guides have become very useful tools in classes covering the translation of tourism texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of cultural landmarks has abundant examples for educational enlightenment. Yet hundreds, if not thousands, of sites have yet to achieve this notoriety, often given the lack of funding to restore the site. For those found within our parks and protected areas one challenge for managers is to preserve its cultural heritage, often with limited funding. It is this challenge that we illustrate a process for recreating our historical landscape based on archived materials and using computer animation. Three-dimensional computer modelling software provides one such tool to recreate these sites, and adds to our knowledge for historic preservation and educational prospects. Here we recreate the setting of the nineteenth-century Massasoit Spring water business in West Springfield, Massachusetts, USA. Protected watershed lands previously managed for no visitation are now opened up for tourism and this baseline data serves educational and interpretive opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores the architectural legacy of Eižens Laube in Jūrmala city. E. Laube (1880-1967) was at those times one of the most influential Latvian architects both in praxis and in academic field. Nowadays, no significant overview on his architectural legacy in Latvia and particularly in Jūrmala has been done. The aim of this article is to provide an updated list of architectural works of E. Laube in Jūrmala, to explore the current condition of these objects and trace particular regularity in their development. The article actualizes the general necessity to explore the architectural legacy of architect E. Laube and illuminates the architectural exploration methods in Jūrmala up to the 1990s. The findings enrich the history of Latvian architecture and Jūrmala city and may serve for some architectural and touristic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arcos de Cristal (Crystal Arch) room of Tropicana cabaret is considered one of the icons of the Cuban Modern Movement. Max Borges Recio, its creator, was also the author of the former boîte Jacaranda, a night club built in 1954, under "image and likeness" of the Havana night club, in the very heart of the historical center of Mexico City. The cabaret-restaurant Jacaranda introduced in Mexico the most revolutionary concepts of the moment regarding entertainment. The construction of the domed cover of just three centimeters thick, also established a fructiferous professional relationship between architects Max Borges Recio and Félix Candela Outeriño, that not only subscribed to Cuba or Mexico, but it was also demanded from other countries of Latin America and the Caribbean, mainly the United States, Puerto Rico and Nicaragua. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the International Seminar Touristic Territories conference, which was held at the University of Girona, Spain from January 23-25, 2015 and focused on the theme of touristic imagery and the construction of contemporary landscape. Topics addressed include paper presentations on tourism in countries such as Italy, Portugal, and Spain, as well as presentations by researchers such as Antonio Pizza de Nanno, Josep M. Rovira, and Giuseppe Guerrera.

Although architecture and tourism have maintained a close relationship since the beginning of this activity, only a few years ago architectural criticism has begun to show interest on the phenomenonof tourism, emphasizing its importance for the understanding and the configuration of habitable space. In this context, this paper studies the three main relationships identified between the two disciplines, with special attention to architecture as a tourist attraction due to its new forms. Above all, it seeks to identify the architectural values raised during trips, to distinguish significant differences between the values raised by the academic environment and those raised by tourists. differences that are magnified in recent buildings and new interventions, whichleads toreflect on the use of architecture by contemporary tourism and how the profession is responding to these new challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the relationship between communities and architecture, tourism deserves special attention, both as a potential threat and as an opportunity for religious culture and its architectural expression. A model is proposed that links the communities of Chiloé and its temples with the tourists. The analysis focuses on maturity levels, defined as the disposition for living with tourism in a deep and integral way, as the model's backbone variable. Thus, both inhabitants and tourists, as well as the institutions and tourism activities involved, can vary in their maturity levels. It is conjectured that the encounter between "mature" communities and tourists would be optimal if the tourist activities were of a high level, defined as cultured tourism. If, on the other hand, both the "Chilotes" and the tourists are immature, while lacking the fullness of cultured tourism, there are few frustrated expectations. In contrast, when there are dissimilar levels of maturity between inhabitant and tourist a much greater degree of frustration arises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paris is one of the most fascinating and most popular cities for tourism attraction in the world. Paris not only obtains its charm for its valuable historic buildings and signs value, but also the city itself is a cause of tourism attraction. This city is distinguished from other tourism destination by offering unity of space and integrated management. Pedestrian spaces, human scale, sin river stations and performances on the street makes the strolling in streets and watching the facades more exciting than entering the buildings. Paris consists of two quite distinct parts: the historic and modern sectors. A coordinated, integrated and monotone Parisian architecture is observed in the historic sector while the modern sector offers international style of architecture which can be seen in many other European cities. There is no influence of modernity and modern architecture in the historic city centre. The sin river acts as an interface of these sectors and its sides have been organized in different places according to the context. This policy has protected the historical heritage and has conveyed all the innovations and "internationalisms" to distant locations. But does this maximum detachment seem as pleasant to the citizens as others? Strict determination of managers in holding conservative policies of urban managers is quite obvious in the landscape and urban facade of Paris. This urban facade has accomplished through decades of conservative management and in particular the shaping and implementation of facadism in the city. It seems that what facadism has offered in three aesthetic, functional and cultural-identity aspects have converge in creating a type of "dualism" in urban landscape of Paris which can be classified as following: Maximum contrast between the aesthetics stated by managers and visual city division Life in two completely separate and uncon-nected sectors and even hided from each other (life in urban open spaces and life within buildings) Absence of identity in Paris due to equipol-lent modern and historic sectors This paper tries to root out and analyze the influences of facadism on urban landscape of Paris and refers them to cited existing documents, studies and criticisms to accomplish its purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information regarding new construction method for ice domes developed at the Vienna University of Technology. It presents the applications of ice shells in temporary architecture, winter tourism and recreation areas. It states guidelines for distortion of ice segments to form a continuous dome shape structure.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how the architectural features of Chinese restaurants and shops influence the urban tourism destination image of Budapest. Design/methodology/approach – Place marketers' strategies highly influence the "brand image" of a city. Based on the current definition of brand image and on a historical overview of the features of Chinatowns, a comparative model was elaborated to understand how the spaces created by Chinese immigrants can influence the tourism and hospitality industry and contribute to competitiveness. Findings – The findings show that London, Milan and Budapest have elaborated different approaches to integrate Chinese immigrants and these strategies contribute to the economic performance of cities. London enhances the city's cultural and creative diversity also through its Chinatown. The local authority in Milan neglects the benefits of Chinese settlements and aims to create a new hub of Chinese trade and services out of the city center. In Budapest, since the 1990s, the ethnic and economic landscape have been changed as a consequence of the influx of a large number of Chinese immigrants. Research limitations/implications – Although common attributes and different approaches related to Chinese services were highlighted in the three cities, the time series analysis should be deepened. Practical implications – The research offers a new approach to consider Chinese tourism-related services as a resource having a key role in regeneration of derelict areas in Budapest. Originality/value – This study is an initial attempt to analyze the brand image of a city through Chinese tourism-related services in a wider European context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive interior and exterior humidity measurements were made in Petra's most celebrated structures, al-Khazneh and Urn Tombs, in tandem with data on visitor number and frequency. Small tourist groups entering the chambers caused interior relative humidity increases of between 5 and 15%. Statistical correlations of determination (r²) also revealed that the most significant relationships between visitor number contributions and chamber humidity occurred fifteen minutes after the visit. Correlations increased dramatically when the tourist numbers and relative humidity were viewed simultaneously (r²=0.007, 0.136), and then compared to measurements taken with a fifteen minutes lag time (r²=0.707, 0.895). These relationships indicate that it takes ten to twenty minutes for human respiration and transpiration to contribute to relative humidity in chambers of this volume (2,000-3,600 m³). Wall measurements found interior surfaces to have receded from visitor-induced abrasion (such as touching and leaning) by up to 40 mm during the 50-100-year era of increased tourism in the region. It is also indicated that a 4 × 3 m wall section has lost 500,000 cm³ of sandstone over these past 100 years, between 0.5 to 2 m above the floor, indicating surface recession from human contact where visitors commonly lean, touch or rest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Tourism creates a revitalization of architectural diversity, as the built environment constitues a major contributor to destination attractiveness. The specific local character of each place is boosting and announces the end of the thematization of tourism. Nowadays, instant communication and tourism profit accelerate architectural mutation and simulation of vernacular spaces is emerging. The phenomenon of verisimilitude, of rebuilding vernacular forms and of introducing new uses of a specific identify is thriving. The desired identity is selected from the historical paths of each region's dominant memory, in respect to the symbolism of the architectural heritage in favor. Greek architectural identity had been reconstructed by the mid of the 19th century (during the reconstitution of the Modern Greek State) implementing neo-classical design patterns for new towns, while preserving the vernacular distributions in the existing settlements. The incorporation of the neo-classical pattern in Greece -as a part of the domestic evolution - was abolished by the middle of the 20th century, when a return to vernacular values was noted in the search of identity and in parallel with the explosion of the modern movement. The new millennium found Greece with a significant vernacular built heritage, which continues to evolve creating a neo-vernacular environment. Under the spectrum of tourism, the current neo-vernacular issue acquires even more potentials, as an endogenous dynamic for development and as an architectural representation (being a simulacrum itself) of a vernacular space for leisure. It creates modern life in a context of intangible practices that are normally governed by a symbolic nature, which automatically implies continuity with the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article features the Kogawa house, a house owned by Joy Kogawa and is situated in Vancouver, Canada. Accordingly, the house is one of the thousands that the government had seized in its dispossession of the properties of 22,000 Japanese Canadians, and is considered as the first home built on its block in 1912. As described, the house is simply a modest bungalow. Its original diamond-patterned glass windows are placed as adornments in the back and front, while its back is secured by an unpainted cedar fence. Inside the house, there decorated somber paintings, a fireplace, and a mantel clock, which further accentuate its unique architecture.

How differing levels of restoration and development within, and intensifying development next to the Copán Archaeological Park would affect the visitor experience at this World Heritage Site in Honduras has been studied. Surveys and interviews with visitors and expert observation reveal that Latin Americans, North Americans and Europeans all show a preference for a mixture of restored ruins and those being reclaimed by nature. Visitors describe how this juxtaposition adds to their experience. A majority of these visitors also indicate a strong preference for maintaining agricultural or forested lands between the Park and the town of Copán Ruins and described how the intensification of development would affect their experience. Implications for Park management and cross-boundary involvement in land use decisions at this and a similar site are discussed and recommendations given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo habla del turismo, los centros históricos y el alojamiento en la ciudad de Santa Clara, Cuba. El turismo, en relación con el patrimonio arquitectónico, puede ayudar a estimular la conservación. Sin embargo, las ciudades históricas se han convertido en productos de consumo cultural. Esto ha traído varios cambios, reconstrucciones, destrucciones arbitrarias y restauraciones fraudulentas que contribuyen a la pérdida de autenticidad arquitectónica.

A number of basic principles concerning tourist and outdoor recreation facilities are being developed on a priori grounds rather than from empirically derived data. One of the most fundamental of such generalizations relates to the effect of a facility on its hinterland, the degree of impact being postulated as a function of the friction of distance. The basic purpose of this study is to test the validity of this concept by analyzing the actual impact of two similar tourist attractions in Pennsylvania on their hinterlands. Major discrepancies are found to exist between the pattern of geometrically regular hypothetical impact zones and the highly irregular patterns actually produced by the two test facilities. Analysis of condition that might create such irregularities yields null results in the case of 1) invalid data, 2) accessibility, and 3) intervening opportunity factors, and significant correlation in the case of the 4) regional orientation 5) familiarity, and 6) advertising factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its inception in 1994, the Norwegian National Tourist Routes Project has become a flagship for Nordic architecture worldwide, showcasing installations by local practices along a network of historic tourist roads. The former Rector and Professor of Urbanism and Landscape at the Oslo School of Architecture and Design (AHO), Karl Otto Ellefsen, explains how the initiative has adeptly tapped into sustainability trends 'with its emphasis on untouched nature and local authenticity', while also strategically providing a tool for realising wider social, economic and political aims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]