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The study examines the associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and noncognitive development in first year college students, distinguish-ing between objective (or absolute) and subjective (or relative) measures of SES. The analyses draw from longitudinal data capturing college students(N = 2,488) at the start of the first year of college and again towards the end of the same academic year, across 25 public four-year colleges and universities within a single state higher education system. Results highlight the importance of subjective status, over and above objective status, and suggest strategies that may inform college and university support.

To evaluate the prognostic significance of the new index designed by formulating neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts in patients with metastatic disease receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and its effect on the immune-related adverse events (irAEs).Cohort study.Department of Medical Oncology, University of Manisa Celal Bayar, University of Aydin Adnan Menderes, and University of Ege, and Izmir Kent Hospital, Turkey, from January 2016 to April 2020.Patients with metastatic disease receiving ICI sufficient follow-up data were included. Patients, who had received treatment for a minimum of 3 months, were evaluated for the response. Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) was calculated as neutrophil (/L) × (lymphocyte (/L) / platelet (/L). The cut-off value was determined by examining the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the SII value. The endpoints of this study included overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).A total of 168, patients who received ICI in the metastatic stage, were evaluated. The OS of the patients with low SII scores was 110.8 months (95% CI, 88.2-133.5), while patients with high SII scores were 36.0 months (95% CI, 28.4-43.6) and reached statistical significance (p0.001). The results of univariate (HR=3.376, 95% CI, 1.986-5.739, p0.001 and multivariate (HR=2.792, 95% CI, 1.495-5.215, p=0.011) analyses were statistically significant as well.The SII score in patients with metastatic disease receiving ICI was closely related to the prognosis. Patients with a high SII score are associated with a worse prognosis, these patients develop fewer irAEs.Systemic immune inflammation index, Overall survival, Progression-free survival, İmmune checkpoint inhibitor, Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab.

As opioid prescribing has declined, it is unclear how the landscape of prescription pain treatment across the U.S. has changed. We used nationally-representative data from the Medical Expenditure Health Survey, 2014 to 2018 to examine trends in prescriptions for opioid and non-opioid pain medications, including acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, gabapentinoids, and antidepressants among U.S. adults with self-reported pain. Overall, from 2014 to 2018, the percentage of participants receiving a prescription for opioids declined, (38.8% vs 32.8%), remained stable for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (26.8% vs 27.7%), and increased for acetaminophen (1.6% vs 2.3%), antidepressants (9.6% vs 12.0%) and gabapentinoids (13.2% vs 19.0%). In this period, the adjusted odds of receiving an opioid prescription decreased (aOR=.93, 95% CI=.90-.96), while the adjusted odds of receiving antidepressant, gabapentinoid and acetaminophen prescriptions increased (antidepressants: aOR=1.08, 95% CI=1.03-1.13 gabapentinoids: aOR=1.11, 95% CI=1.06-1.17; acetaminophen: aOR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.02-1.20). Secondary analyses stratifiying within the 2014 to 2016 and 2016 to 2018 periods revealed particular increases in prescriptions for gabapentinoids (aOR=1.13, 95% CI=1.05-1.21) and antidepressants (aOR=1.23, 95% CI=1.12-1.35) since 2016. PERSPECTIVE: These data demonstrate that physicians are increasingly turning to CDC-recommended non-opioid medications for pain management, particularly antidepressants and gabapentinoids. However, evidence for these medications' efficacy in treating numerous common pain conditions, including low back pain, remains limited.

We review and compare different fluid-structure interaction (FSI) numerical methods in the context of heart modeling, aiming at assessing their computational ef-ficiency for cardiac numerical simulations and selecting the most appropriate method for heart FSI. Blood dynamics within the human heart is characterized by active mus-cular action, during both contraction and relaxation phases of the heartbeat. The effi-cient solution of the FSI problem in this context is challenging, due to the added-mass effect (caused by the comparable densities of fluid and solid, typical of biomechan-ics) and to the complexity, nonlinearity and anisotropy of cardiac consitutive laws. In this work, we review existing numerical coupling schemes for FSI in the two classes of strongly-coupled partitioned and monolithic schemes. The schemes are compared on numerical tests that mimic the flow regime characterizing the heartbeat in a hu-man ventricle, during both systole and diastole. Active mechanics is treated in both the active stress and active strain frameworks. Computational costs suggest the use of a monolithic method. We employ it to simulate a full heartbeat of a human ventricle, showing how it allows to efficiently obtain physiologically meaningful results.

The Achilles tendon is the strongest tendon in the human body but its mechanical behaviour during failure has been little studied and the basis of its high tensile strength has not been elucidated in detail. In the present study, healthy, human, Achilles tendons were loaded to failure in an anatomically authentic fashion while the local deformation and strains were studied in real time, with very high precision, using digital image correlation (DIC). The values determined for the strength of the Achilles tendon were at the high end of those reported in the literature, consistent with the absence of a pre-existing tendinopathy in the samples, as determined by careful gross inspection and histology. Early in the loading cycle, the proximal region of the tendon accumulated high lateral strains while longitudinal strains remained low. However, immediately before rupture, the mid-substance of the Achilles tendon, its weakest part, started to show high longitudinal strains. These new insights advance the understanding of the mechanical behaviour of tendons as they are stretched to failure.

The dissolution of sulfide minerals can lead to hazardous arsenic levels in groundwater. This study investigates the oxidative dissolution of natural As-bearing sulfide minerals and the related release of arsenic under flow-through conditions. Column experiments were performed using reactive As-bearing sulfide minerals (arsenopyrite and löllingite) embedded in a sandy matrix and injecting oxic solutions into the initially anoxic porous media to trigger the mineral dissolution. Noninvasive oxygen measurements, analyses of ionic species at the outlet, and scanning electron microscopy allowed tracking the propagation of the oxidative dissolution fronts, the mineral dissolution progress, and the change in mineral surface composition. Process-based reactive transport simulations were performed to quantitatively interpret the geochemical processes. The experimental and modeling outcomes show that pore-water acidity exerts a key control on the dissolution of sulfide minerals and arsenic release since it determines the precipitation of secondary mineral phases causing the sequestration of arsenic and the passivation of the reactive mineral surfaces. The impact of surface passivation strongly depends on the flow velocity and on the spatial distribution of the reactive minerals. These results highlight the fundamental interplay of reactive mineral distribution and hydrochemical and hydrodynamic conditions on the mobilization of arsenic from sulfide minerals in flow-through systems.

Introduction: Since the beginning of the pandemic, factors associated with mortality in patients with corona virus infection disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been investigated. Comorbidities and increased age have been frequently reported to be associated with mortality. We aimed to evaluate the factors associated with unfavorable outcome of patients with COVID-19 at an early period of the pandemic. Methodology: This single center, retrospective, observational study was conducted among laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients hospitalized between March 11 and May 5, 2020, at Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. The effects of the severity of illness, comorbidities, symptoms, and laboratory findings on the clinical outcome were evaluated. Factors associated with unfavorable outcome (necessity of mechanical ventilation or death) were examined using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Out of a total of 728 patients, 53.8% were men and median age 54 years. The 30-day mortality rate was 4.9% among all hospitalized patients. A logistic regression model identified six predictors of unfavorable clinical outcome: age, severity of illness, the numbers of comorbidities, lymphopenia, high levels of C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin. Conclusions: The mortality rate was lower among the patients with COVID-19, hospitalized during the early period of the pandemic. Older age, higher severity score on admission, the numbers of comorbidities, higher levels of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and lymphopenia were identified to be associated with unfavorable outcome of the hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

The study investigated the existing guidelines on the quality and frequency of the follow-up visits after total hip replacement surgery and assessed the level of evidence of these recommendations. The review process was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Additional works were retrieved by direct investigation of the available guidelines of the most important orthopedic societies and regulatory agencies. The current systematic review of the literature resulted in zero original papers, four guidelines for routine follow-up and three guidelines for special cases. Concerning the quality of evidence behind them, these guidelines were not evidence based but drafted from expert consensus. The most important finding of this review is the large variation of recommendations in the follow-up schedule after total hip arthroplasty and the lack of evidence-based indications. Indeed, all the above-reported guidelines are the result of a consensus among experts in the field (level of recommendation class D ‘very low’) and not based on clinical studies.

OBJECTIVES This study sought to estimate and compare the aggregate treatment benefit of pharmacological therapy for heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction. BACKGROUND The estimated treatment effects of various combinations of contemporary HF medical therapies are not well characterized. METHODS We performed a systematic network meta-analysis, using MEDLINE/EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for randomized controlled trials published between January 1987 and January 2020. We included angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers (BB), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), digoxin, hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate, ivabradine, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNi), sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), vericiguat, and omecamtiv-mecarbil. The primary outcome was all-cause death. We estimated the life-years gained in 2 HF populations (BIOSTAT-CHF [BIOlogy Study to TAilored Treatment in Chronic Heart Failure] and ASIAN-HF [Asian Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Registry]). RESULTS We identified 75 relevant trials representing 95,444 participants. A combination of ARNi, BB, MRA, and SGLT2i was most effective in reducing all-cause death (HR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.31-0.49); followed by ARNi, BB, MRA, and vericiguat (HR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.32-0.53); and ARNi, BB, and MRA (HR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.36-0.54). Results were similar for the composite outcome of cardiovascular death or first hospitalization for HF (HR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.29-0.46 for ARNi, BB, MRA, and SGLT2i; HR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.35-0.56 for ARNi, BB, MRA, and omecamtiv-mecarbil; and HR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.34-0.55 for ARNi, BB, MRA, and vericiguat). The estimated additional number of life-years gained for a 70-year-old patient on ARNi, BB, MRA, and SGLT2i was 5.0 years (2.5-7.5 years) compared with no treatment in secondary analyses. CONCLUSIONS In patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction, the estimated aggregate benefit is greatest for a combination of ARNi, BB, MRA, and SGLT2i. (J Am Coll Cardiol HF 2022;10:73-84) (c) 2022 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.

OBJECTIVES This study sought to estimate and compare the aggregate treatment benefit of pharmacological therapy for heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction. BACKGROUND The estimated treatment effects of various combinations of contemporary HF medical therapies are not well characterized. METHODS We performed a systematic network meta-analysis, using MEDLINE/EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for randomized controlled trials published between January 1987 and January 2020. We included angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers (BB), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), digoxin, hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate, ivabradine, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNi), sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), vericiguat, and omecamtiv-mecarbil. The primary outcome was all-cause death. We estimated the life-years gained in 2 HF populations (BIOSTAT-CHF [BIOlogy Study to TAilored Treatment in Chronic Heart Failure] and ASIAN-HF [Asian Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Registry]). RESULTS We identified 75 relevant trials representing 95,444 participants. A combination of ARNi, BB, MRA, and SGLT2i was most effective in reducing all-cause death (HR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.31-0.49); followed by ARNi, BB, MRA, and vericiguat (HR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.32-0.53); and ARNi, BB, and MRA (HR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.36-0.54). Results were similar for the composite outcome of cardiovascular death or first hospitalization for HF (HR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.29-0.46 for ARNi, BB, MRA, and SGLT2i; HR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.35-0.56 for ARNi, BB, MRA, and omecamtiv-mecarbil; and HR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.34-0.55 for ARNi, BB, MRA, and vericiguat). The estimated additional number of life-years gained for a 70-year-old patient on ARNi, BB, MRA, and SGLT2i was 5.0 years (2.5-7.5 years) compared with no treatment in secondary analyses. CONCLUSIONS In patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction, the estimated aggregate benefit is greatest for a combination of ARNi, BB, MRA, and SGLT2i. (J Am Coll Cardiol HF 2022;10:73-84) (c) 2022 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.

The integration of sensory inputs in the motor cortex is crucial for dexterous movement. We recently demonstrated that a closed-loop control based on the feedback provided through intraneural multichannel electrodes implanted in the median and ulnar nerves of a participant with upper limb amputation improved manipulation skills and increased prosthesis embodiment. Here we assessed, in the same participant, whether and how selective intraneural sensory stimulation also elicits a measurable cortical activation and affects sensorimotor cortical circuits. After estimating the activation of the primary somatosensory cortex evoked by intraneural stimulation, sensorimotor integration was investigated by testing the inhibition of primary motor cortex (M1) output to transcranial magnetic stimulation, after both intraneural and perineural stimulation. Selective sensory intraneural stimulation evoked a low-amplitude, 16 ms-latency, parietal response in the same area of the earliest component evoked by whole-nerve stimulation, compatible with fast-conducting afferent fibre activation. For the first time, we show that the same intraneural stimulation was also capable of decreasing M1 output, at the same time range of the short-latency afferent inhibition effect of whole-nerve superficial stimulation. The inhibition generated by the stimulation of channels activating only sensory fibres was stronger than that due to intraneural or perineural stimulation of channels activating mixed fibres. We demonstrate in a human subject that the cortical sensorimotor integration inhibiting M1 output previously described after the experimental whole-nerve stimulation is present also with a more ecological selective sensory fibre stimulation. KEY POINTS: Cortical integration of sensory inputs is crucial for dexterous movement. Short-latency somatosensory afferent inhibition of motor cortical output is typically produced by peripheral whole-nerve stimulation. We exploited intraneural multichannel electrodes used to provide sensory feedback for prosthesis control to assess whether and how selective intraneural sensory stimulation affects sensorimotor cortical circuits in humans. Activation of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) was explored by recording scalp somatosensory evoked potentials. Sensorimotor integration was tested by measuring the inhibitory effect of the afferent stimulation on the output of the primary motor cortex (M1) generated by transcranial magnetic stimulation. We demonstrate in humans that selective intraneural sensory stimulation elicits a measurable activation of S1 and that it inhibits the output of M1 at the same time range of whole-nerve superficial stimulation.

The present study was conducted to determine the possibility of the employed of jute (Corchorus olitorius L.), a natural fiber used as geotextile cover material, under saline soilless culture conditions, which constitute of the biggest problems in agriculture. The effect of the jute material employed in Mexican marigold (Tagetes erecta) cultivation under saline soilless conditions was determined. For this purpose, the Mexican marigold cultivation was tested in a pot experiment under greenhouse conditions for two growth periods in Izmir, Turkey. The salinity levels in the experiment were compared based on whether the treatment included the jute material (G1) or did not include jute material (G0). The measured salinity level of Hoagland nutrient solution employed the irrigation and fertilization of plants was one of the studied factors and was considered as control (S1). The measured EC (electrical conductivity) level of Hoagland nutrient solution was increased by 1 dS m-1 (S2) and 2 dS m-1 (S3) with stock NaCl solution, and 3 salinity factors were tested. According to the results of the present study the highest salinity was observed in the G0 group without jute cover. It was demonstrated that the jute cover on the pot media reduced the mean salinity concentration in growth medium by 22.56%. This finding was associated with the ability of the jute material to hold the salt in the nutrient solution, preventing spread of the salinity around the root zone.

The Supporting Information is available free of charge at: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.1c08722., Several problems associated with the presence of lipids in wastewater treatment plants are usually overcome by removing them ahead of the biological treatment. However, because of their high energy content, waste lipids are interesting yet challenging pollutants in anaerobic wastewater treatment and codigestion processes. The maximal amount of waste lipids that can be sustainably accommodated, and effectively converted to methane in anaerobic reactors, is limited by several problems including adsorption, sludge flotation, washout, and inhibition. These difficulties can be circumvented by appropriate feeding, mixing, and solids separation strategies, provided by suitable reactor technology and operation. In recent years, membrane bioreactors and flotation-based bioreactors have been developed to treat lipid-rich wastewater. In parallel, the increasing knowledge on the diversity of complex microbial communities in anaerobic sludge, and on interspecies microbial interactions, contributed to extend the knowledge and to understand more precisely the limits and constraints influencing the anaerobic biodegradation of lipids in anaerobic reactors. This critical review discusses the most important principles underpinning the degradation process and recent key discoveries and outlines the current knowledge coupling fundamental and applied aspects. A critical assessment of knowledge gaps in the field is also presented by integrating sectorial perspectives of academic researchers and of prominent developers of anaerobic technology., This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of the UIDB/04469/2020 unit and by the CCDR-N − Comissao de Coordenac ̃ a̧ o e Desenvolvimento Regional do ̃ Norte, NORTE2020, Portugal 2020, and ESIF − European Structural and Investment Funds with the funding given under the Program NORTE-45-2020-75 to the BIOECONORTE project (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000070). Our work was also financially supported by grants from the Irish Research Council (EBPP 2012), the Enterprise Ireland Technology Centres Programme (TC/2014/0016), and Science Foundation Ireland (14/IA/2371 and 16/RC/3889). M. A. Szabo-Corbacho would like to express gratitude for the Ph.D. Fellowship award provided by ANII-Uruguay, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education and Latitud − Fundación LATU. The research of A. J. M. Stams is supported by ERC Grant (323009) and by the Gravitation Grant (024.002.002) of The Netherlands Ministry of Education, Culture and Science., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The poolr package provides an implementation of a variety of methods for pooling (i.e., combining) p values, including Fisher's method, Stouffer's method, the inverse chisquare method, the binomial test, the Bonferroni method, and Tipp ett's method. More importantly, the methods can be adjusted to account for dependence among the tests from which the p values have been derived assuming multivariate normality among the test statistics. All methods can be adjusted based on an estimate of the effective number of tests or by using an empirically-derived null distribution based on pseudo replicates that mimics a proper permutation test. For the Fisher, Stouffer, and inverse chi-square methods, the test statistics can also be directly generalized to account for dependence, leading to Brown's method, Strube's method, and the generalized inverse chi-square method. In this paper, we describe the various methods, discuss their implementation in the package, illustrate their use based on several examples, and compare the poolr package with several other packages that can be used to combine p values.

BACKGROUND: Patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis are at high risk for recurrent stroke. The decision for carotid endarterectomy currently mainly relies on degree of stenosis (cutoff value >50% or 70%). Nevertheless, also, patients with mild-to-moderate stenosis still have a considerable recurrent stroke risk. Increasing evidence suggests that carotid plaque composition rather than degree of stenosis determines plaque vulnerability; however, it remains unclear whether this also provides additional information to improve clinical decision making. OBJECTIVES: The PARISK (Plaque At RISK) study aimed to improve the identification of patients at increased risk of recurrent ischemic stroke using multimodality carotid imaging. METHODS: The authors included 244 patients (71% men; mean age, 68 years) with a recent symptomatic mild-to-moderate carotid stenosis in a prospective multicenter cohort study. Magnetic resonance imaging (carotid and brain) and computed tomography angiography (carotid) were performed at baseline and after 2 years. The clinical endpoint was a recurrent ipsilateral ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess whether intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), ulceration, proportion of calcifications, and total plaque volume in ipsilateral carotid plaques were associated with the endpoint. Next, the authors investigated the predictive performance of these imaging biomarkers by adding these markers (separately and simultaneously) to the ECST (European Carotid Surgery Trial) risk score. RESULTS: During 5.1 years follow-up, 37 patients reached the clinical endpoint. IPH presence and total plaque volume were associated with recurrent ipsilateral ischemic stroke or TIA (HR: 2.12 [95% CI: 1.02-4.44] for IPH; HR: 1.07 [95% CI: 1.00-1.15] for total plaque volume per 100 µL increase). Ulcerations and proportion of calcifications were not statistically significant determinants. Addition of IPH and total plaque volume to the ECST risk score improved the model performance (C-statistics increased from 0.67 to 0.75-0.78). CONCLUSIONS: IPH and total plaque volume are independent risk factors for recurrent ipsilateral ischemic stroke or TIA in patients with mild-to-moderate carotid stenosis. These plaque characteristics improve current decision making. Validation studies to implement plaque characteristics in clinical scoring tools are needed. (PARISK: Validation of Imaging Techniques [PARISK]; NCT01208025). ispartof: JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING vol:15 issue:10 pages:1715-1726 ispartof: location:United States status: published

Arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint of the finger is an established procedure for advanced osteoarthritis. As there are different techniques of fusion, it seems necessary to evaluate the results. Primary outcome of this review was to evaluate different arthrodesis methods of the PIP joint and describe different numbers of non-unions. Secondary outcome was to evaluate time to consolidation. Respective complications, if mentioned, were listed additionally. The review process was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The selected databases were PubMed, Medline, Embase, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library. Studies reporting outcomes of the arthrodesis with a defined technique and radiological consolidation were included. Complication rates and types were recorded. In total, 6162 articles could be identified, 159 full-texts were assessed and 64 studies were included. Methodological quality was assessed using Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies. A total of 1923 arthrodeses of the PIP joint could be identified. Twelve different surgical techniques were described, four of these techniques with compression at the arthrodesis site. The most frequently used techniques were K-wires (n = 743, 14 studies), tension-band (n = 313, 15 studies) and compression screws (n = 233, 12 studies). The lowest rate of described non-unions in compression techniques was 3.9% with the compression screw. The highest non-union rate of 8.6% was achieved by interosseous wiring. All the described techniques can achieve the goal of fusing an osteoarthritic joint. There is a tendency in the more recent literature for the use of compression techniques.

Arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint of the finger is an established procedure for advanced osteoarthritis. As there are different techniques of fusion, it seems necessary to evaluate the results. Primary outcome of this review was to evaluate different arthrodesis methods of the PIP joint and describe different numbers of non-unions. Secondary outcome was to evaluate time to consolidation. Respective complications, if mentioned, were listed additionally. The review process was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The selected databases were PubMed, Medline, Embase, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library. Studies reporting outcomes of the arthrodesis with a defined technique and radiological consolidation were included. Complication rates and types were recorded. In total, 6162 articles could be identified, 159 full-texts were assessed and 64 studies were included. Methodological quality was assessed using Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies. A total of 1923 arthrodeses of the PIP joint could be identified. Twelve different surgical techniques were described, four of these techniques with compression at the arthrodesis site. The most frequently used techniques were K-wires (n = 743, 14 studies), tension-band (n = 313, 15 studies) and compression screws (n = 233, 12 studies). The lowest rate of described non-unions in compression techniques was 3.9% with the compression screw. The highest non-union rate of 8.6% was achieved by interosseous wiring. All the described techniques can achieve the goal of fusing an osteoarthritic joint. There is a tendency in the more recent literature for the use of compression techniques.

Errors have been conceptualized as internal forms of threat that can cause harm in unpredictable ways. An index of error processing is the error-related negativity (ERN), an event-related potential reflecting variability in the sensitivity to errors. Prior work has shown the relationship between psychopathology symptoms and the ERN is unclear, and may be moderated by intolerance of uncertainty (IU), a trait that captures how people react to unpredictability. IU includes two subfactors of prospective IU (active seeking of predictability) and inhibitory IU (behavioral paralysis). In the present study, 188 undergraduates performed an Eriksen flanker task designed to elicit the ERN, while brain activity was recorded using electroencephalography (EEG). Participants completed the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, Short Form (IUS-12), and other measures of anxiety, depression and worry. Total IU explained 5 % of the variance in correct-response negativity (CRN), but was not associated with the ERN in our sample. In contrast to previous findings, the IU subfactors did not predict the ERN or post-error slowing (PES), nor did total IU and depression interact to predict the ERN. Exploratory analyses also showed that total IU did not moderate the relationship between trait anxiety and the ERN. Small samples may have previously exaggerated the links between self-reported IU and the ERN. As such, further high-powered replications are required to confirm if, and how, they are related.

Mental healthcare disparities are routinely documented, yet they remain wider than in most other areas of healthcare services and common mental disorders (depression and anxiety) continue to be one of the highest health burdens for older people of color. To address disparities in mental health services for older people of color, the narrative must move beyond simply documenting these inequities and attain a better understanding of the internalized, interpersonal, systemic, and medical racism that have harmed these communities and excluded them from its services in the first place. It is imperative that researchers, clinicians, and policymakers acknowledge the realities of racism and discrimination as leading causes of mental healthcare disparities. Therefore, this review is a call-to-action. Authors adopt an antiracist and health equity lens in evaluating the differing needs of Blacks/African-Americans, Asian Americans, and Latinos by exploring psychiatric comorbidity, experiences with seeking, accessing, and engaging in treatment, and the unique cultural and psychosocial factors that affect treatment outcomes for these diverse groups. Further, authors offer researchers and practitioners tangible tools for developing and implementing culturally-sensitive, mental health focused interventions for older people of color with special attention placed on cultural adaptations, models of care, prevention, and practical strategies that can be implemented to reduce disparities and increase equity in mental healthcare.

Purpose ― Mishkin’s hypothesis suggests that globalization appears to be a vital factor in stimulating the development of the financial system. The study examines this hypothesis for the Turkish economy from 1970 to 2017. It focuses on the link between financial globalization and financial development by integrating economic growth, inflation, and natural resource rent as additional determinants into the financial development specification. Methods ― The Ng-Perron and Vogelsang-Perron unit root tests are used to check the stationarity of variables. The cointegration analysis is performed using the Hatemi-J and ARDL bounds testing procedures. Findings ― The main empirical results show that the series are cointegrated under structural breaks; in the long run, financial globalization and economic growth increase financial development while inflation and natural resource rent negatively affect financial development. A unidirectional causality exists from financial globalization and economic growth to financial development. At the same time, there is bidirectional causality between inflation and financial development, natural resource rent, and financial development. Implications ― The empirical findings can present important recommendations for policymakers. Originality ― Very few time-series studies include Turkey’s economy and structural breaks.

BACKGROUND The association between the change in vessel inflammation, as quantified by perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) density, and the progression of coronary atherosclerosis remains to be determined.OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to explore the association between the change in PVAT density and the progression of total and compositional plaque volume (PV). METHODS Patients were selected from a prospective multinational registry. Patients who underwent serial coronary computed tomography angiography studies with $2-year intervals and were scanned with the same tube voltage at baseline and follow-up were included. Total and compositional PV and PVAT density at baseline and follow-up were quantitatively analyzed for every lesion. Multivariate linear regression models using cluster analyses were constructed.RESULTS A total of 1,476 lesions were identified from 474 enrolled patients (mean age 61.2 +/- 9.3 years; 65.0% men). The mean PVAT density was-74.1 +/- 11.5 HU, and total PV was 48.1 +/- 83.5 mm3 (19.2 +/- 44.8 mm3 of calcified PV and 28.9 +/- 51.0 mm3 of noncalcified PV). On multivariate analysis (adjusted for clinical risk factors, medication use, change in lipid levels, total PV at baseline, luminal HU attenuation, location of lesions, and tube voltage), the increase in PVAT density was positively associated with the progression of total PV (estimate = 0.275 [95% CI: 0.004-0.545]; P = 0.047), driven by the association with fibrous PV (estimate = 0.245 [95% CI: 0.070-0.420]; P = 0.006). Calcified PV progression was not associated with the increase in PVAT density (P > 0.050). CONCLUSIONS Increase in vessel inflammation represented by PVAT density is independently associated with the progression of the lipid component of coronary atherosclerotic plaques. (Progression of AtheRosclerotic PlAque Deter-mIned by Computed TomoGraphic Angiography Imaging [PARADIGM]; NCT02803411) (J Am Coll Cardiol Img 2022;15:1760-1767) (c) 2022 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.

BACKGROUND Nonischemic cardiomyopathy patients referred for catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) typically have either inferolateral (ILS) or anteroseptal (ASS) VA substrate locations, with poorer outcomes for ASS. Sympathetic denervation is an important determinant of arrhythmogenicity. Its relation to nonischemic fibrosis in general and to the different VA substrates is unknown.OBJECTIVES This study sought to evaluate the association between VA substrates, myocardial fibrosis, and sympa-thetic denervation. METHODS Thirty-five patients from the Leiden Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy Study, who underwent electroanatomic voltage mapping and iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging between 2011 and 2018 were included. Late gadolinium-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance data were collected when available. The relation between global cardiac sympathetic innervation and area-weighted unipolar voltage (UV) as a surrogate for diffuse fibrosis was evalu-ated. For regional analysis, patients were categorized as ASS or ILS. The distribution of low UV, sympathetic denervation, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) scar were compared using the 17-segment model.RESULTS Median area-weighted UV was 12.3 mV in patients with normal sympathetic innervation and 8.7 mV in patients with sympathetic denervation. Global sympathetic denervation correlated with diffuse myocardial fibrosis (R = 0.53; P = 0.02). ILS (n = 13) matched with low UV, sympathetic denervation, and LGE scar in all patients, whereas ASS (n = 11) matched with low UV in all patients, with LGE scar in 63% (P = 0.20), but with sympathetic denervation in only 27% of patients (P = 0.0002).CONCLUSIONS Global cardiac sympathetic denervation is related to fibrosis in nonischemic cardiomyopathy patients with VA. The mismatch between regional fibrosis and preserved innervation for ASS may contribute to a VA substrate difficult to control by catheter ablation. (J Am Coll Cardiol EP 2022;8:1234-1245)(c) 2022 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.

Virtual reality has been recognized as a potent tool for creating more natural and intuitive human-computer interfaces and has been found to be beneficial in so many applications. However, the inability to interact in a virtual environment through touch compromises its realism and usefulness. Haptic interfaces with intermittent contacts allow users to reach out and touch the virtual objects physically to simulate contact between the user and the environment with use of tactile sensation to increase the realism of interaction. They allow a wide range of physical interactions throughout the user's workspace, with a physical input that resembles reality.These devices are faced with challenges such as cost, a small workspace, limited speed and user safety. In this thesis, we developed a haptic interface using a cooperative robot to address these challenges. Several motion strategies, a trajectory generation scheme and user interaction techniques to ensure safety were developed and evaluated. Two case studies were used as application areas. The first is an industrial application for analysis of the interior material of the car during the early stages of development while the second one is a haptic interface for upper limb rehabilitation training. User studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the motion strategies in improving device speed, response, and user safety.; La réalité virtuelle a été reconnue comme un outil puissant pour créer des interfaces homme-machine plus naturelles et intuitives et s'est avérée bénéfique dans de nombreuses applications. Cependant, l'incapacité d'interagir dans un environnement virtuel par le toucher compromet son réalisme et son utilité. Les interfaces haptiques avec des contacts intermittents permettent aux utilisateurs d'atteindre et de toucher physiquement les objets virtuels pour simuler le contact entre l'utilisateur et l'environnement en utilisant la sensation tactile pour augmenter le réalisme de l'interaction. Ils permettent un large éventail d'interactions physiques dans l'espace de travail de l'utilisateur, avec une entrée physique qui ressemble à la réalité. Ces appareils sont confrontés à des défis tels que le coût, un petit espace de travail, une vitesse limitée et la sécurité des utilisateurs.Dans cette thèse, nous avons développé une interface haptique utilisant un robot coopératif pour relever ces défis. Plusieurs stratégies de mouvement, un schéma de génération de trajectoire et des techniques d'interaction avec l'utilisateur pour assurer la sécurité ont été développés et évalués. Deux études de cas ont été utilisées comme domaines d'application. Le premier est une application industrielle pour l'analyse du matériau intérieur de la voiture pendant les premières phases de développement tandis que le second est une interface haptique pour l'entraînement en rééducation des membres supérieurs. Des études d'utilisateurs ont été menées pour évaluer l'efficacité des stratégies de mouvement dans l'amélioration de la vitesse, de la réponse et de la sécurité de l'utilisateur.