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With the development of the information industry, the wearable three‐dimensional (3D) near‐eye display that can provide complete visual information has attracted increasing attention. Compared with other existing 3D display technologies, the holographic display is a promising true 3D display technology that can fully record and reproduce the original 3D scenes. The ability to present a continuous parallax and depth perception gives holography technology an unprecedented promise in the next‐generation 3D near‐eye display. However, currently available holographic near‐eye display systems can only provide a limited viewing area (including the field of view and eyebox), greatly restricting its practical application. Focusing on the development requirements of large viewing‐area 3D holographic near‐eye display, the reasons are introduced first why the viewing area of current holographic displays is limited and then the existing solutions from different aspects, including multiplexing‐based methods, steering viewing window methods, aperiodic wavefront modulation methods, and some emerging holographic display technologies are summarized. These various solutions are analyzed respectively, and their representative works are investigated. In addition, the different applications of holography in the near‐eye display system are also discussed. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are compared and perspectives are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attaining highly uniform operations in a disordered system presents a persistent challenge. The utilization of ion migration in amorphous materials to trigger the resistive switching process of the material usually results in inferior uniformity of the memristive device. Here, we demonstrate that the resistive switching behavior can be activated through carrier doping in the disorder system, and highly ordered resistance modulation is achieved in Ag-doped albumen. By manipulating the doping level of the carrier, the localization of the free electron wavefunction can be tuned, leading to multi-level variations in resistance. This memristive switching behavior is in all electronic and displays excellent switching uniformity, holding great potential for applications in high-density memories and neuromorphic computing chips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochromic devices have important applications in building energy conservation, next‐generation displaying, and security encryption, while durable and high‐performance electrochromic materials are highly desirable. Herein, a Zn‐based electrochromic smart window by using 3D ordered macroporous amorphous WO3 (a‐WO3) arrays as cathode is reported. Benefiting from a 3D ordered macroporous structure with a high specific surface area that accelerates the ion diffusion and migration, and the oxygen vacancy modulated a‐WO3 providing abundant zinc ion insertion channels, the as‐fabricated zinc‐based a‐WO3 inverse opal (a‐WO3‐IO) device exhibits excellent electrochromic properties, including large light modulation (83% optical contrast at 700 nm), fast response time (5.3 s for coloring and 3.2 s for bleaching), and robust cycling stability. Moreover, a solid‐state a‐WO3‐IO prototype electrochromic smart window is demonstrated for light modulation, electronic display, and power supply. Furthermore, experimental results and theoretical calculations reveal that 3D macroporous amorphous WO3 with rich oxygen vacancies can enhance the zinc ion absorption and diffusion, leading to the enhancement of electrochromic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Quantitative research and quality improvement (QI) both seek to improve care provided to patients. However, clinicians often blur the lines between how to appropriately analyze data from these methodologies. Clinicians may inappropriately use statistical analyses for QI initiatives, rather than using run and statistical process control (SPC) charts to analyze improvements in outcomes. Objective: The purpose of this article was to address the analytic methods used for QI initiatives in the clinical setting in an effort to show clinicians how to identify meaningful improvements in clinical practice. Methods: In this article, we provide an example comparing the same evidence-based practice/QI initiative (chlorhexidine gluconate bathing in a medical intensive care unit) using a quasi-experimental pretest/posttest research design with statistical analyses completed with t tests with analyses using run and SPC charts to show the data trended over time. Using a pretest/posttest design, chlorhexidine gluconate bathing compliance improved from 63%to 65%, a nonsignificant change, P = .075. These same data plotted on run and SPC charts, however, show a shift and a trend, indicating clinically significant improvements per QI methodologies. Conclusion: The example in this article highlights the pitfall of relying only on statistical analyses and P values to determine the importance of a clinical project, and provides a practical example for how run or SPC charts can be used to identify improvements over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic paper displays rely on electrokinetic effects in nonpolar solvents to drive the displacement of colloidal particles within a fluidic cell. While Electrophoresis (EP) is a well-established and frequently employed phenomenon, electro-osmosis (EO), which drives fluid flow along charged solid surfaces, has not been studied as extensively. We hypothesize that by exploiting the interplay between these effects, an enhanced particle transport can be achieved. In this study, we experimentally investigate the combined effects of EP and EO for colloidal particles in non-polar solvents, driven by an electric field. We use astigmatism micro-particle tracking velocimetry (A- μ PTV) to measure the motion of charged particles within model fluidic cells. Using a simple approach that relies on basic fluid flow properties we extract the contributions due to EP and EO, finding that EO contributes significantly to particle transport. The validity of our approach is confirmed by measurements on particles with different magnitudes of charge, and by comparison to numerical simulations. We find that EO flows can play a dominant role in the transport of particles in electrokinetic display devices. This can be exploited to speed up particle transport, potentially yielding displays with significantly faster switching times. Interplay of electrokinetic effects : Driven by the applied electric field, both electro-osmosis (EO, top left), which drives a flow along the surfaces of the fluidic cell, and electrophoresis (EP, top right), which drives a migration of particles relative to the background liquid, occur in our system. A typical example of the resultant particle velocity field (bottom) illustrates the important role of EO on particle transport in the fluidic cell. • Studied electrokinetics of particles in nonpolar solvent using astigmatism micro-PTV. • Both electrophoresis (EP) and electro-osmosis (EO) play important roles. • Combination of EO and EP could be exploited in faster switching e-paper displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New crystalline tetranuclear cluster is prepared by the interaction of manganese(II) chloride with calix[4]arene 3 functionalized at the upper rim by distal p-(4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl and p-tert-butyl groups displaying different electronic effects and sizes. The structure of the cluster is studied by single-crystal XRD. Due to the presence of (4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl moieties at the upper rim of the macrocyclic ligand, the molecules of the tetranuclear clusters are involved in π-stacking interactions leading to the formation of 2D supramolecular layers affording a porous crystal packing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the pursuit of highly active electrocatalysts is crucial to overcome the sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, Fe–CoS 2 /carbon nanotubes anchored on carbon polyhedron (Fe–CoS 2 /CNT CPs) is prepared by using zeolitic imidazolate framework-8@zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-8@ZIF-67) as template. A series of analysis demonstrates the incorporation of Fe via wrapped Fe-EDTA can exert charge transfer between Co and Fe and optimize the adsorption of targeted intermediates, which favors for enhanced OER performance. Moreover, the catalytic effect of Co and Fe not only promotes the growth of carbon nanotubes but also enhances the degree of graphitization. The carbon skeletons embedded with carbon nanotubes derived from ZIF-8@ZIF-67 offer high specific surface area and strengthen the electrical conductivity of Fe–CoS 2 /CNT CPs. Therefore, compared with its counterpart and commercial RuO 2 , the designed Fe–CoS 2 /CNT CPs with regulated electronic structure displays the lowest overpotential of 293 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH solution for OER. This work explores a facile strategy for manipulate electronic structure and electrical conductivity of metal-organic frameworks derived catalysts simultaneously for robust OER electrocatalysts. • Fe–CoS 2 /CNT CPs is prepared by template assisted method. • The catalytic effect of Co and Fe facilitates the growth of carbon nanotubes. • The charge transfer between Co and Fe optimizes the adsorption of intermediates. • Carbon nanotubes along with carbon skeleton offer electron transport channels. • Fe–CoS 2 /CNT CPs exhibits superior OER activity with the overpotential of 293 mV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This interview study delves into the potential of using AI-based clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) during meetings focused on multidisciplinary team meetings (MDTMs) for breast cancer. The goal was to pinpoint the obstacles and to aid in implementing such a system within these meetings. Through 24 interviews with breast cancer team members across three hospitals, key insights emerged. Those involved showed interest in integrating CDSSs into their workflow, foreseeing benefits like enhanced data visualization, time-saving functionalities, and improved documentation. However, concerns lingered around data connectivity, the accuracy of suggestions, and the risk of losing the human touch in decision making. Overall, this research reveals the curiosity among clinicians to explore CDSS benefits but acknowledges the complexity of integrating these systems, offering insights to potentially streamline future implementation processes. Background: AI-driven clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) hold promise for multidisciplinary team meetings (MDTMs). This study aimed to uncover the hurdles and aids in implementing CDSSs during breast cancer MDTMs. Methods: Twenty-four core team members from three hospitals engaged in semi-structured interviews, revealing a collective interest in experiencing CDSS workflows in clinical practice. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed anonymously. A standardized approach, 'the framework method', was used to create an analytical framework for data analysis, which was performed by two independent researchers. Results: Positive aspects included improved data visualization, time-saving features, automated trial matching, and enhanced documentation transparency. However, challenges emerged, primarily concerning data connectivity, guideline updates, the accuracy of AI-driven suggestions, and the risk of losing human involvement in decision making. Despite the complexities involved in CDSS development and integration, clinicians demonstrated enthusiasm to explore its potential benefits. Conclusions: Acknowledging the multifaceted nature of this challenge, insights into the barriers and facilitators identified in this study offer a potential roadmap for smoother future implementations. Understanding these factors could pave the way for more effective utilization of CDSSs in breast cancer MDTMs, enhancing patient care through informed decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Part 1 of the AMEE Guide Online learning in health professions education focused on foundational concepts such as theory, methods, and instructional design in online learning. Part 2 builds upon Part 1, introducing technology tools and applications of these foundational concepts by exploring the various levels (from beginner to advanced) of utilisation, while describing how their usage can transform Health Professions Education. This Part covers Learning Management Systems, infographics, podcasting, videos, websites, social media, online discussion forums, simulation, virtual patients, extended and virtual reality. Intertwined are other topics, such as online small group teaching, game-based learning, FOAM, online social and collaboration learning, and virtual care teaching. We end by discussing digital scholarship and emerging technologies. Combined with Part 1, the overall aim of Part 2 is to produce a comprehensive overview to help guide effective use online learning in Health Professions Education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The monitoring of fetal heart rate (FHR) before intrapartum has been crucial in modern obstetrics. FHR has been used for about 300 years to determine fetal status, leading to the development of monitoring devices to prevent fetal death during gestation. While medical devices like fetal electrocardiograms exist for disease detection, their size and cost limit individual use. OBJECTIVE: To address cardiovascular issues during pregnancy, a mobile system is developed to display heart rates and blood pressure on mobile devices. The system is generated from a medical device with Bluetooth communication, supplementing traditional monitoring. METHOD: The study focuses on creating a mobile system that connects to mobile operating systems, enhancing treatment, diagnosis, and patient monitoring. The mobile system displays cardiovascular data obtained from the medical device. RESULTS: The results are expected to have an immediate impact on cases where abnormal measurement parameters of the monitoring system occur during pregnancy. The use of mobile systems or applications on smartphones is seen as beneficial in distributing processing and census of embedded health systems. CONCLUSION: The study highlights the potential benefits of mobile systems in distributing processing for health systems, particularly in addressing cardiovascular problems during pregnancy. The creation of a mobile system for displaying cardiovascular data could significantly improve monitoring and early detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visual misinformation poses unique challenges to public health due to its potential for persuasiveness and rapid spread on social media. In this article, librarians at the University of Pittsburgh Health Sciences Library System identify four types of visual health misinformation: misleading graphs and charts, out of context visuals, image manipulation in scientific publications, and AI-generated images and videos. To educate our campus's health sciences audience and wider community on these topics, we have developed a range of instruction about visual health misinformation. We describe our strategies and provide suggestions for implementing visual misinformation programming for a variety of audiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topological transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have attracted much attention due to their potential applications in spintronics and quantum computations. In this work, the structural and electronic properties of topological TMDCs candidate ZrTe2 are systematically investigated under high pressure. A pressure‐induced Lifshitz transition is evidenced by the change of charge carrier type as well as the Fermi surface. Superconductivity is observed at around 8.3 GPa without structural phase transition. A typical dome‐shape phase diagram is obtained with the maximum Tc of 5.6 K for ZrTe2. Furthermore, the theoretical calculations suggest the presence of multiple pressure‐induced topological quantum phase transitions, which coexists with emergence of superconductivity. The results demonstrate that ZrTe2 with nontrivial topology of electronic states displays new ground states upon compression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM), especially single‐particle analysis, has become a powerful technique for visualizing the structure of biological macromolecules at high resolution. However, data acquisition in cryo‐EM is time consuming because it requires the collection of thousands of images to achieve a high‐quality reconstruction. Real‐time preprocessing and display of the images can greatly enhance the efficiency and quality of data collection. This study presents AutoEMage, a new open‐source software package that automates data transfer, preprocessing and real‐time display in cryo‐EM experiments. AutoEMage also includes a real‐time data monitoring system that alerts users to issues with their data, allowing them to take corrective actions accordingly. The software is equipped with an easy‐to‐use graphical user interface that provides seamless data screening and real‐time feedback on data quality and microscope status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aerosol jet printing (AJP) is a new non-contact direct writing technique designed to achieve precise and intricate patterns on various substrates. Specifically, the pneumatic AJP process breaks down the ink into fine particles, significantly reducing the risk of nozzle clogging and rendering it highly advantageous for industrial applications. This paper focuses on the optimization of the line electrode formation process using soluble silver clusters as the conductive ink, along with the aerosol formation procedure. The main parameters of the AJP process, namely sheath flow rate, atomizer flow rate, and dispensing speed, were identified and examined for their influence on line width and resistivity. Through this analysis, an operability window, including optimized conditions for printing high-quality lines using the AJP process, was established, along with a regression equation enabling the statistical estimation of line width. In summary, the outcomes of this investigation underscore the feasibility of an integrated printing system capable of precision control over line width, achieved through the optimization of AJP process parameters. Furthermore, it was established that pneumatic AJP offers robust process stability. The practical applicability of the proposed optimization techniques was assessed, highlighting their potential utilization in electrode formation processes within the electronic and display industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Navigation is a joint operation between humans and technology. Navigating high-speed craft (HSC) is a more critical and risky task than other types of ship navigation due to high speed and time limitations. Situational awareness (SA) is the understanding of what is going on around the navigators. HSC navigator who has an insufficient level of SA may lead to wrong decisions and even accidents. In this study, an analysis of Turkish HSC navigators' SA levels has been carried out in their working environment. Situational Awareness Rating Technique (SART) and pairwise comparison of the effects of Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS), Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA), Automatic Identification System (AIS) and autopilot on SA questionnaires were applied. According to SA, navigation operations, factors that mostly affect SA and suggestions that would increase SA were sorted in accordance with the navigators' perceptions. The results show that the level of HSC navigators' SA is high and sufficient. Finally, considerations are introduced to keep acceptable levels or increase SA on HSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine the impact of a business intelligence dashboard tool to optimize automated dispensing cabinets (ADCs). Methods: A pre-post implementation design was used to evaluate key performance indicators (KPI) before and after the implementation of a dashboard tool to optimize ADCs. Eleven ADCs were optimized in 2 phases according to dashboard recommendations: (1) removal of unused medications over 90 days, (2) adjusting periodic automatic replenishment (PAR) levels, and (3) addition of commonly dispensed medications. The KPI measures that were assessed included inventory cost, no. of stocked medications, stockout percentage, vend to refill ratio, and missing dose messages from nursing. An interrupted-time-series regression was used to quantify the impact of ADCs on the means of measured KPIs. Results: Differences in mean distribution of all KPIs, except missing dose, between the pre- and post-ADC periods during the Phase 1 period were statistically significant: inventory cost (54.2 vs 56), stockout percentage (1.55 vs 1.12), vend to refill ratio (6.83 vs 6.14), and missing dose messages (221 vs 229). Only the mean ADC utilization (57.3 vs 64) and missing dose (228 vs 179) were statistically different between the pre- and post-ADC periods in Phase 2. The interrupted-time-series analysis showed that Phase 1 optimization significantly reduced the cost of inventory (β = −$1.238.00, P <.01), no. Stocked medications (β = −8.2, P <.01), percent stockout (β = −.49%, P <.01), vend-to-refill ratio (β = −1.29%, P<.01) and ADC utilization (β = −.2, P <.01). Conclusion: Automated dispensing cabinets optimization, through the use of a dashboard tool, had a positive impact on almost all measured KPIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic navigational charts (ENCs) are geospatial databases compiled in strict accordance with the technical specifications of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO). Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) is a Geographic Information System (GIS) operated by ENCs for real-time navigation at sea, which is one of the key technologies for intelligent ships to realize autonomous navigation, intelligent decision-making, and other functions. Facing the urgent demand for high-precision and real-time nautical chart products for polar navigation under the new situation, the projection of ENCs for polar navigation is systematically analyzed in this paper. Based on the theory of complex functions, we derive direct transformations of Mercator projection, polar Gauss-Krüger projection, and polar stereographic projection. A rational set of dynamic projection options oriented towards polar navigation is proposed with reference to existing specifications for the compilation of the ENCs. From the perspective of nautical users, rather than the GIS expert or professional cartographer, an ENCs visualization idea based on multithread-double buffering is integrated into Polar Region Electronic Navigational Charts software, which effectively solves the problem of large projection distortion in polar navigation applications. Taking the CGCS2000 reference ellipsoid as an example, the numerical analysis shows that the length distortion of the Mercator projection is less than 10% in the region up to 74°, but it is more than 80% at very high latitudes. The maximum distortion of the polar Gauss-Krüger projection does not exceed 10%. The degree of distortion of the polar stereographic projection is less than 1% above 79°. In addition, the computational errors of the direct conversion formulas do not exceed 1 0 − 9 m throughout the Arctic range. From the point of view of the computational efficiency of the direct conversion model, it takes no more than 0.1 s to compute nearly 8 million points at 1 ′ × 1 ′ resolution, which fully meets the demand for real-time nautical chart products under information technology conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Police Tactical Groups (PTGs) are specialist police units tasked with rigorous physical and psychosocial duties. Consequently, selection courses (SCs) for service in these units must also be rigorous. Given the intensity of SCs, holistic monitoring for potential overstress may be beneficial. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is one holistic stress measure that can be obtained in austere environments. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to profile HRV during a PTG SC. Six (n = 6) qualified male police officers attempted a 36-hour PTG selection course held at an Australian state facility. METHODS: HRV was obtained from Equivitaltrademark EQ02 + LifeMonitor bioharnesses. The selection course consisted of physically demanding events with minimal sleep (approx. 45 mins). Only one candidate completed the full selection course; whose results are reported here. RESULTS: A visual time-series of 384 consecutive 5 min HRV analyses was generated. Contextual analysis was applied to appreciate HRV changes between SC serials. HRV decline occurred during the planning of a navigation exercise and a pack march. Increases in HRV were observed throughout the pack march exercise and rest period. CONCLUSION: This case study demonstrates the potential utility for selection personnel to obtain additional insight into candidate responses to various occupational challenges throughout an SC. Information provided by HRV monitoring may support leadership decisions when evaluating personnel holistically. For example, the ability to continue occupational task execution even while experiencing potential overstress (as measured by HRV) and after food and sleep deprivation is desirable. HRV may potentially inform stakeholders regarding overstress in PTG candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]