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E-iş sınıfları altında yer alan, B2C çalışma tarzındaki e-ticaret sitelerinin günümüzde karşılaştığı, en önemli problem ürün yönetimidir. Ürün çeşidinin çokluğu bu kapsamda alınacak kararların karmaşıklığını arttırmakta, geçici üretilen çözümler ise e-ticaret sitelerinin geleceğini riske sokmaktadır. Bu nedenle bütünsel, hızlı ve aktif bir çözüme sahip olmak bu tarz işletmelerin geneli için bir önem arz etmektedir. Bu tarz problemlerin çözümünde akıllı, otonom, elektronik bilgi iletişim altyapılarına ihtiyaç duyulmakta ve bu sistemlerin günümüzde en önemli temsilcisi çoklu ajan sistemleridir. Çalışmada bir B2C modeli içim çoklu ajan (MAS) modeli geliştirilmiş, geliştirilen bu model ile ürünlerin talep tahmini ve işleyişi ile ilgili olarak küme tabanlı hibrit bir genetik algoritma optimizasyon modeli önerilmiştir. Çalışmada ajan yapılarının modellenmesinde Promethous methodolojisi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda geliştirilen model, ABC.com E-ticaret websitesinin; tedarikçi, ürün, ziyaret ve satış verileri kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Çalışmada MAS yapısının desteklenmesi, vitrine ürün seçimi, ürün satınalma politikalarının belirlenmesi gibi konularda kullanılmak amacıyla SOM (özdüzenleyici haritalar), doğrusal regresyon, yapay sinir ağları ve k-ortalamalar kümelenmesinden faydalanılmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca çeşitli tahmin modelleri dinamik olarak birleştirilmiştir. Çalışma çıktıları neticesinde E-ticaret sitelerine öneriler oluşturulmuş, dinamik otonom ürün yönetimi gerçekleştirecek, küme tabanlı yönetim sağlayan bir MAS yazılımı geliştirilmiştir. Önerilen küme tabanlı ve MAS destekli ürün yönetim modelinin tahmin performansını büyük oranda iyileştirdiği ve diğer kararların performansını da olumlu etkilediği görülmüştür. The most important problem of B2C e-commerce websites is the product management. The variety of product types increase the complexity of the decisions in this area. Temporary solutions that are used put the future of the e-business sites at risk. For this reason, the importance of having a holistic, fast and active solution is increased for these types of businesses. The solution for this kind of problems need the smart, autonomous, electronic information communication infrastructure. The most important representative for these systems nowadays is the multi-agent systems (MAS). In this study, a multi agent system that is supported by genetic algorithm with dynamic decision infrastructure for B2C e-commerce sites, is developed. In order to model the proposed MAS, the Promethous methodology was used. the developed model is tested with the data from ABC, an e-commerce website. in Turkey. In order to support MAS decisions of product management like product selection for favorite products, definining of purchasing policies SOM (self organizing maps), basic regression, artificial neural network and k-means cluster analysis methods. As a result of this Phd study some proposals were given to B2C websites and a MAS model which uses the cluster based demand forecasting (CBDF) modelling. Proposed cluster based and MAS supported product management highly improved performance of demand forecasting and peformances of other decides. 214

Successful regional products, such as Florida oranges, Idaho potatoes and Parma ham, often have to compete against products passing themselves off as the authentic product using the exact same name. This unfair competition misleads consumers, discourages small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from marketing products based on their region of origin, and may end up hurting rural economies. To protect consumers, and support SMEs and rural economies, many countries around the world have introduced regulations enabling SMEs to legally protect the names of their regional products. The success of these regulations largely depends on consumers' appreciation of regional certification labels that inform consumers that the name of the regional product is protected and that it denotes the authentic product. To gain an understanding about consumers' appreciation of regional certification labels, this paper investigates consumers' image of these labels and proposes a model that relates this image to consumers' willingness to buy and pay for protected regional products. The model is tested based on Regulation No. 2081/92 that was introduced by the EEC allowing European SMEs to protect their regional products and market their products with a protected-designation-of-origin (PDO) label. Structural equation modelling results suggest that consumers' image of regional certification labels consists of a quality warranty dimension and an economic support dimension, which positively relate to consumers' willingness to buy and pay for the protected regional product. Protecting regional products and marketing them with regional certification labels may be beneficial for SMEs producing and marketing regional products. Policy and managerial implications are discussed.

The sense of smell has a great importance in our daily life. In recent years, scents have been used for marketing purposes for improving the person's mood and of communicating information about products as household cleaners and food. However, scents can be also used for any kind of products to communicate their features to customers. In the area of Virtual Reality several researches have focused on integrating scents in virtual environments. The research questions addressed in this work concern if scents can contribute to increase the users’ sense of presence in the virtual environment, and also if Virtual Prototypes, including the sense of smell, can be used for evaluating products as effectively as studies performed in real environments. For this purpose, a Virtual Reality experimental framework including a prototype of a Wearable Olfactory Display has been set up, and experimental tests have been performed.

COO is a construct that refers to the country which a consumer associates a certain product or brand as being its source, regardless of where the product is actually produced. Scholars like Magnusson et al. (2011) argue that COO is a salient cue in consumers’ product evaluation and purchase intention. In contrast, Usunier (2006; 2011) and Samiee (2010) criticize the COO effect, by explaining that due to multinational production, integrated worldwide supply chains and global branding there are other cues that have become more salient in consumers’ decision- making process. The purpose of this thesis is to extend the understanding about the relationship of COO in consumers buying process. The research questions followed: To what extent does country of origin influence consumers’ product evaluations and purchase intention? To what extent does the level of involvement affect the relationship between country of origin and consumers’ product evaluation? To what extent does the level of involvement affect the relationship between country of origin and consumers’ purchase intentions. Applying a deductive approach, a quantitative research has been chosen for this thesis involving survey as the source for data collection in order to test this research four main concepts: COO, product evaluation, purchase intention and product involvement. The findings indicated that COO has a significant direct effect in consumers’ product evaluations and purchase intention. The results also indicated on that when consumers’ perceive products to be low involvement, the COO effect is greater in consumers’ decision-making process.

Este relatório espelha o trabalho desenvolvido no estágio curricular de aprofundamento das competências profissionais em futebol, no Casa Pia Atlético Clube – equipa de juniores – integrado no Mestrado em Treino Desportivo, da Faculdade de Motricidade Humana. A atividade profissional foi desenvolvida nos domínios do planeamento do trabalho de hipertrofia, recuperação e reintegração progressiva dos atletas lesionados, treino específico para cada posição e planeamento de exercícios específicos. O relatório inicia-se com uma revisão da literatura que suporta a prática profissional, composta por três áreas: a área 1 diz respeito à organização e gestão do processo de treino e competição, onde são abordadas as tarefas relativas à conceção dos ciclos de treino, condução das sessões e avaliação do processo e do produto; na área 2 apresenta-se um estudo de investigação realizado no âmbito das lesões no futebol; por último, a área 3 ilustra o evento de sensibilização para o trabalho propriocetivo na prevenção de entorses do tornozelo em jogadores juniores. Apesar de não se verificarem diferenças significativas entre o GC e o GE sugere-se que o treino propriocetivo é benéfico na prevenção de entorses do tornozelo. Este estágio proporcionou uma oportunidade única para a aprendizagem e experiências fundamentais para o desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional. Abstract: This report reflects the work at traineeship for improvement of professional skills in football performed at Casa Pia Atlético Clube – junior team – and is included in the Master in Sports Training at Faculty of Human Kinetics. Professional practice has been developed in the fields of planning hypertrophy’s work, recovery and gradual reintegration of injured athletes, specific training for each position and design of specific exercises. The report begins with a review of the literature that supports professional practice and is structured in three themes: theme 1 concerning the organization and management of training process and competition, where tasks related to the design of training cycles are addressed, leading of sessions and the evaluation of process and product; theme 2 presents a research study on football injuries; finally, theme 3 shows the awareness event for proprioceptive work in preventing ankle sprains in junior players. Despite there are no significant differences between control group and experimental group it is suggested that the proprioceptive work is beneficial in preventing ankle sprains. This traineeship provided a unique opportunity for learning and fundamental experiences both for personal and professional development.

Objective: In this study, our objective is investigate how product involvement and product familiarity moderate the effect of country image on product evaluation, as well as if and how a positive or a negative country image may moderate this effect. To reach this objective, we developed five hypotheses and tested them empirically. Data collection: We used a convenience sample consisting of Norwegian students. Data was collected through an online survey, measuring product evaluation, product familiarity, product involvement and country image. All the scales used in this survey were adapted from previous studies in the fields of international marketing and consumer behavior. Analyses: To test for main effects, we ran multiple regression analyses, and to test our hypotheses, we ran simple regression analyses. All analyses were done in the IBM SPSS software. Conclusions: We found that country image significantly affects product evaluation. Our findings also indicate that the halo effect is not valid below a certain level of involvement. The findings also suggest that for less familiar product categories, a positive country image will have a larger effect on product evaluations than a negative country image, and that this difference increases as involvement decreases. A direct effect of product involvement on product evaluation was also identified.

Several studies have shown that stocking products on a display stand (vs. on a shelf) favors purchasing. However, little is known about whether the spatial layout of the display stand (i.e., its shape) may influence consumers’ evaluation of the product and their purchase intention. The present research aims to investigate the role of the shape of an in-store display as a contextual cue potentially able to influence consumers’ evaluation of the exposed product and their subsequent purchasing intention. Two experiments were carried out in which we manipulated the shape of the product holder and the brand name as a function of brand awareness. We found that a meaningful shape representing the product induced a more positive product evaluation and indirectly, a greater intention to purchase in respect to shelf, when the product was a little-known brand (Study 1). Furthermore, the strongest effect occurred when the display stand facilitated product affordance in consumers’ minds (Study 2). These results confirmed that the ability of the immediate context (i.e., the display stand) to evoke an action with an object (the product) influences the perceiver evaluation and behavioral intention towards the object itself. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

Marketers are interested in how consumers perceive product cues in order to build an appropriate marketing-mix. Country and brand images are some of the cues proven to be of significant impact on consumer behavior. This paper studies country and brand image multi-dimensional structures across several brands, countries, and products. A model relating country image to brand image and then to product evaluation was built with country and brand image as multi-dimensional concepts. A within-subject intercultural investigation serves as a basis for data collection (1400 consumers). The investigation was done in Japan, France, and Tunisia. Three products were investigated with three brands for each product: computer (Dell, Sony, and Acer) hand cream (Shiseido, Nivea, and L’Oreal) and sport shoes (Nike, Asics, and Le coq sportif). Results show a conjoint effect of country and brand images on product evaluation in addition to their separate effects. Country image structures differ across countries and influence differently product evaluation. Similarly, brand image structures differ across brands, across countries and across products.

Ülke orijini algılanan kalitenin önemli bir hususu olup, ürün değerlendirmelerinde ve satın alma niyetlerinde kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Uluslararası pazarlama ve tüketici davranışı alanında birçok çalışmaya konu olmuştur. Özellikle, belirli bir ülkeden gelen ürünün algılanan kalitesi, ülke orijini etkisini anlamada çok önemlidir. Satın alma niyetlerini araştıran bazı çalışmalar olsa da, literatürün gerçek satın alma kararlarına önem vermemesinden dolayı, ülke orijini etkisi tam olarak anlaşılamamıştır. Ülke orijini etkisi hakkında hatırı sayılır derecede bir literatür meydana gelmiştir. Ürün kategorileri, ülke imaji, ürün fiyatı, marka adı, algılanan kalite, ürün aşinalığı ve deneyiminin bu kavram üzerinde etkisi bulunmaktadır. Ancak ülke orijini çalışmaları, bu etkiyi artıran bazı kavramsal ve yöntemsel eksikliklere sahiptir. Var olan eksikliklerin üstesinden gelebilmek adına bu çalışma, ülke orijini etkisini nitel bir yöntemle araştırmak için tasarlanmıştır. Türk tüketicilerinin farklı kategorilerdeki gerçek satın alma kararları analiz edilmiş ve ülke orijini etkisinin ürüne özgü olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu çalışma, marka imajının ve ürün fiyatının ülke orijini etkisi üzerinde düzenleyici etkisi olduğu göstermiştir. Ayrıca ülke orijini etkisinin oluşumuna yeni bir yorum getirerek, ülke orijini etkisinin öncülerini ve sonuçlarını gösteren genel ülke orijini etkisi modeli geliştirmiştir. Country of origin is an important aspect of perceived quality and it plays a crucial role in product evaluations and purchase intentions. It has been subject of many studies in the field of international marketing and consumer behavior. Especially perceived quality of a product from a specific country is very important for understanding the country of origin effect. Although there are some studies investigating purchase intentions, country of origin effect is not well understood since the literature does not give importance to actual purchase decisions. A considerable literature has grown up about the country of origin effect. Product categories, country image, product price, brand name, perceived risk, product familiarity and experience have an influence on this concept. However, country of origin research has also some conceptual and methodological drawbacks that inflate this effect. To overcome existing drawbacks, this study was designed to explore country of origin effect with a qualitative methodology. Actual purchase decisions of Turkish consumers were analyzed in different product categories and country of origin effect was found to be product-specific. This study showed that brand image and product price have moderator effect on country of origin effect. It has also developed a general country of origin effect model that shows its antecedents and consequences by making a new interpretation of its formation.Keywords: Country of Origin, Country of Origin Effect, Country Image, Product Evaluation, Purchase Decision, Brand Image. 184

I denne bacheloroppgaven har vi gjennomført en spørreundersøkelse for å analysere faktorer som er viktige når det gjelder kjøp av barnevogner. Vi har tatt for oss forbrukere av Stokkevogner, samt forbrukere av andre vogner, for å kartlegge hva disse gruppene prioriterer og hvilke preferanser de har når de skal velge barnevogn. Med teori om forbrukeratferd og produktledelse belyser vi problemstillingen vedrørende kjøp av barnevogner, og ser på hvordan barnevognsprodusenter kan bedre sin markedsposisjon. Gjennom en kvantitativ analyse med 903 respondenter har vi fått innblikk i hva som er utslagsgivende faktorer for kjøp av barnevogner, samt hvilke egenskaper som verdsettes ved en vogn. Ved å gjennomføre denne analysen har vi også fått inngående kunnskap om Stokke® sine barnevogner, og innblikk i hvordan disse passer inn i det norske markedet. Analysen og det komparative studiet viser at funksjonalitet og kvalitet var de to faktorene som skilte seg mest ut når det gjelder kjøp av vogn. På den andre siden viste det seg at pris og merke på vognen var de minst viktige faktorene. Vi ser at forbrukerne av de forskjellige vognmerkene i stor grad har de samme preferansene på barnevogner, at mye handler om smak og behag, men at sikkerhet for barnet kommer i første rekke.

The following have been rectified in response to previous evaluation by examiner Olof Bruninge. -We have solely chosen qualitative methods in data collection and analysis by making use of data gathered from focus group workshop. The findings have been coded and analysed descriptively. -We have reformulated research questions and replaced the hypothesis with open questions. Allowing us to explore the participants’ behaviour rather than testing hypothesis. -All quantitative measures have been replaced with qualitative analysis and descriptions. -We have provided tables with results from focus group findings to increase transparency in our data

Bu araştırma okul kantinleri hakkında öğrenci, öğretmen, yönetici ve veli görüşlerini tespit etmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın kapsamına Trabzon merkezde bulunan ortaokul ve liselerde öğrenim gören öğrenciler, öğretmenler ve yöneticiler ile bu okullarda öğrencisi olan veliler olmak üzere toplam 520 kişi alınmıştır. Bu araştırma 2013 – 2015 yılları arasında yapılmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda öğrenci, öğretmen, yönetici ve velilere hazırlanan anketler uygulanarak görüşleri alınmış, elde edilen bilgiler SPSS 15 programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Velilerin, eğitim ve sosyoekonomik durumuna göre, okul kantin özellikleri ve uygulamaları hakkındaki görüşleri arasındaki anlamlı farklılık ise SPSS 15 programında iki yönlü anova (Two Way Anova) testi ile hesaplanmıştır.Elde edilen bilgiler doğrultusunda Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin 2013-2014 eğitim öğretim yılı itibari ile %12,9'u 5.sınıf, %9,4'ü 6.sınıf, %13,7'si 7.sınıf, %14,1'i 8.sınıf, %9,4'ü 9.sınıf, %12,9'u 10.sınıf, %15,7'si 11.sınıf, %11,8'i 12.sınıflarda öğrenim görmektedirler. Kantinin temiz ve bakımlı olması ile ilgili araştırmaya katılan öğrenciler %63.9, öğretmenler %56, yöneticiler %45.1 ve veliler %60.2 ara sıra olarak değerlendirmektedirler. Kantinde çalışanların giyim, kuşam ve temizliği ile ilgili araştırmaya katılan öğrenciler %40.8, öğretmenler %58.2 ve yöneticiler %70.3 iyi, öğrenciler %40.8 ve veliler %45.8 ne iyi ne kötü olarak değerlendirmektedirler. Kantinde çalışanların öğrencilere davranışları ile ilgili olarak araştırmaya katılan öğrenciler %40.0 ve veliler %44.6 ne iyi ne kötü; öğretmenler %52.7 ve yöneticiler %69.2 iyi olarak değerlendirmektedirler. Bu durum kantin çalışanlarının öğrenci, öğretmen ve yöneticilere farklı davrandığını göstermektedir. Kantinde satılan yiyecek ve içeceklerin son kullanma tarihi, kantinde satılan yiyecek ve içeceklerden rahatsızlanma durumu ve kantinde satılan yiyecek ve içeceklerin fiyatlarının çarşı ve marketlere göre uygun olma durumu ile ilgili, araştırmaya katılan öğrenci, öğretmen, yönetici ve velilerin çoğu hayır olarak değerlendirmişlerdir. Bu durum okul kantinlerinde son kullanma tarihi geçmiş ürün satılmamakta olduğu ancak satılan ürünlerin çarşı ve marketlere göre fiyatlarının uygun olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılabileceğini göstermektedir. Yine kantinde satılan yiyecek ve içeceklerin markalı ürünler olması ve kantinde satılan yiyecek ve içeceklerin tüketilebileceği mekan durumu ile ilgili araştırmaya katılan öğrenci, öğretmen, yönetici ve velilerin çoğu evet olarak değerlendirmişlerdir. Bu durum kantinde satılan ürünlerin markalı olduğunu ve çoğu kantinin satılan ürünlerin tüketebileceği mekanın var olduğunu göstermektedir. Kantinin temiz ve bakımlı olması ve kantinde çalışanların giyim, kuşam ve temizliği ile ilgili araştırmaya katılan öğrenci, öğretmen, yönetici ve veliler ne iyi ne kötü olarak değerlendirmişlerdir. Bu durum kantinlerin temizlik durumunun çok iyi olmadığını göstermektedir. Velilerin, eğitim ve sosyoekonomik durumuna göre, okul kantin özellikleri ve uygulamaları hakkındaki görüşleri arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde araştırmaya katılan farklı sosyoekonomik durumda bulunan velilerin okul kantin özellikleri ve uygulamaları hakkındaki görüşleri arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamamıştır. The aim of this study is to reveal the opinions of the students, teachers, administrators and parents about school canteens. 520 people has been subjected to this study including students who go to secondary schools and high schools in Trabzon city center, teachers and administrators of these schools and the parents of the students. This research has been done between 2013 and 2015 years.In accordance with this purpose, prepared surveys were done to the students, teachers, administrators and parents to receive their opinions. The information obtained from the surveys has then been analyzed using the SPSS 15 software. According to the educational and socioeconomic status of the parents, the significant difference among the opinions of the parents about the characteristics and the practices of the school canteens has been calculated by means of the Two Way Anova test which is implemented into the SPSS 15 software.In the light of the obtained information, 12,9%, 9,4%, 13,7%, 14,1%, 9,4%, 12,9%, 15,7% and 11,8% of the students are in their 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th years within 2013-2014 academic year, respectively. 63,9% of the students, 56% of the teachers, 45,1% of the administrators and 60,2% of the parents who participated in the survey about the canteen being clean and well-kept voted for 'sometimes'. 40,8% of the students, 58,2% of the teachers, and 70,3% of the administrators voted for 'good', and 40,8% of the students and 45,8% of the parents voted for 'tolerable' about the apparel and cleanliness of the canteen employees. 40% of the students and 44,6% of the parents voted for 'tolerable', and 52,7% of the teachers and 69,2% of the administrators voted for 'good' about the behaviors of the canteen employees to the students. This shows that the canteen employees treat different to the students, teachers and administrators.Most of the students, teachers, administrators and parents, who participated in the survey about the expiration dates of the food and beverages sold in canteen, falling ill due to these food and beverages, and the prices of these products being appropriate compared to those in bazaars and markets, voted for 'no'. This shows that expired products are not sold in canteens, however, the prices of the products are not convenient compared to those in bazaars and markets. Most of the students, teachers, administrators and parents, who participated in the survey about the food and beverages being branded products and the condition of the place in which the products are consumed, voted for 'yes'. This reveals that branded products are sold in canteens and most of the canteens have enough space to be used for consumption. Most of the students, teachers, administrators and parents voted for 'tolerable' in the survey about the canteen being clean and well-kept, and the apparel and cleanliness of the canteen employees. This situation indicates that the canteens are not clean enough.According to the educational and socioeconomic status of the parents, there could not been found a significant difference among the opinions of the parents about the characteristics and the practices of the canteens, examining the relationship among the opinions about the characteristics and the practices of the canteens. 143

The sense of smell has a great importance in our daily living: today pleasant odors are used to elicit positive emotions in users. In the marketing area, a lot of works have been done concerning the use of odors for communicating information for products as household cleaners and foods. In the area of Virtual Reality (VR) several researches have focused in presenting odors in virtual environments. The introduction of odors simulation in virtual environment could represent an easy and flexible tool for evaluating industrial products characteristics. This research work aims at evaluating in which way odors can influence the users’ evaluation of products and if studies on the influence of odors on the users’ evaluation of products in a VR environment and in a real environment can be comparable. For this purpose, an experimental framework has been defined, a wearable olfactory display has been developed and experimental testing sessions have been performed.

This article introduces the emergency purchasing situation (EPS) as a distinct buying context. EPSs stem from an unexpected event (unanticipated need or timing of a need), as well as high product importance, which are associated with a short time frame for consumer decision-making. Our conceptual review integrates largely disconnected strands of research and theories relevant to EPSs and offers a series of independent propositions to understand how these situations might affect consumer decision-making, specifically heuristic versus reflective information processing in product evaluation. We discuss changes induced by the buying context in terms of regulatory focus, perceived time pressure, and stress. Our propositions further account for purchase involvement in the form of product importance, purchase risk, and product substitutability. Finally, we consider how individual differences (expertise and trust) may affect evaluation processes. Our discussion reflects on the implications of our model, avenues for future research, and how an understanding of EPSs can be used to improve managerial practice.

Inspired by the increasing importance of packaging design for product and brand management, this study tests effects of movement visuals and location of imagery on sensorial product impressions. Participants were exposed to a packaging variant for a fictitious brand of washing powder. Subsequently, they smelled packaging contents, estimated package weight, and evaluated product and brand. Findings show that movement visuals connoting upward (versus downward) movement resulted in the experience of a less concentrated smell, but only when presented in the top-left region of the package. Furthermore, imagery located in the top-left (versus bottom-right) region induced lower estimates of package weight. Additionally, findings show that location and movement visuals impact brand image formation and consumer preference.

Nutrition related diseases such as some cancers, heart diseases and obesity belong to the most challenging health concerns of our time. Communicating intuitive and simple nutrition information by means of front-of-pack nutrition profile signposting labelling is increasingly seen as an essential tool in efforts to combat unhealthy food choices and improve public health. Consequently, much attention in policy and research is given to nutrient profiling methods and the determination of optimal nutrition criteria. Although consumer research on nutrition signpost labelling is now gradually appearing in the literature, the value and meaning of these labelling systems for consumers have received less attention. In the current debate a concise overview is lacking of the consumer perspective including relevant psychological phenomena in relation to much debated controversies surrounding these labels and their further development, such as the most effective type of signposting labelling system and varying stakeholder interests. Therefore, this paper aims to critically review the literature in the consumer domain of front-of-pack nutrition labelling in order to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of this form of nutrition education from a consumer perspective.

International audience; While many product properties can be tested objectively, others are subjective, but no less important. This paper compares how the testing of subjective properties is handled across industry sectors. Engineering companies typically try to break these properties down into measurable aspects of the product, but refer to the judgement of test engineers for emergent properties. By contrast the fashion industry sees the assessment of subjective properties a core competence of designers. The food industry also tries to measure objective properties, but relies heavily on user and expert panels

Ce projet de recherche vise à explorer le rôle du design dans l’acte d’achat et l’évaluation des produits. L’hypothèse de recherche repose sur le fait que le design est un obstacle à la rationalité dans le choix d’un bien, car ce dernier est rattaché à des singularités qui lui sont propres, le rendant difficilement comparable aux autres biens d’un même marché. Les produits deviennent difficiles à évaluer et à classer parmi les autres biens similaires dans le marché. En soi, la finalité et les vertus du design permettent aux consommateurs d’avoir une plus grande liberté de choix, mais ce rôle dynamique et économique que peut prendre le design peut aussi confondre les consommateurs devenant brouillés par l’abondance de choix. En ce sens, le design serait la clé de la voûte d’une économie des singularités telle que proposée par Lucien Karpik dans L’économie des singularités. Avec une méthodologie ethnologique, cinq projets d’évaluation de produits au sein de deux organismes produisant des dispositifs d’aide à la consommation ont été observés sur une période de deux ans. À la conclusion de cette étude, il a été démontré que certaines améliorations pouvaient être apportées aux processus d’évaluation, plus particulièrement en ce qui concerne les facteurs qui ne sont pas pris en compte dans les dispositifs d’aide à la consommation actuels, comme l’évaluation de produits centrée sur l’usager à l’aide de scénarios d’usages, plutôt que l’évaluation de produits centrée sur l’objet, ainsi que la considération de l’expérience de l’usager dans l’évaluation des biens., This research project aims at exploring the role of design within the act of purchasing and rating products. This premise is based on the fact that design is an obstacle to an individual’s rationality when choosing goods because they are multidimensional and of uncertain quality, as proposed by Lucien Karpik. This creates a difficulty faced by consumers when trying to find comparable products on the market. The research hypothesis of this project suggests that design is an obstacle to reason by offering multidimensional products to consumers. It then becomes harder for them to evaluate singular products available on the market, and to make wise consumption choices. One of the aims of design is to offer users freedom of choice, but this dynamic and economic role of design can also lead to confusion, where consumers become blinded by the abundance of choices. In this sense, design would be the keystone of a singularity-based economy. Five product rating projects were observed on a two-year period within two agencies involved in producing consumption aid devices by using an ethnological approach. The conclusion of this study has shown that some improvements could be made to the product rating processes, particularly for the facts that have not been accounted for in the actual consumption aid devices, such as user-centered product ratings based on user scenarios instead of object-centered product ratings, as well as considering user experience in product evaluation.

HAMİLELERİN SAÇ BAKIM ÜRÜNLERİNİN KULLANIMI HAKKINDAKİ GÖRÜŞLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ(Yüksek Lisans Tezi)Gizem DOĞANEL AKSOYGAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİEĞİTİM BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜHaziran, 2014ÖZBu araştırmanın amacı, 18-39 yaş aralığındaki çalışan ve çalışmayan hamilelerin saç bakım ürünü kullanımı hakkındaki görüşlerinin belirlenmesidir.Bu araştırmada, tarama modeline dayalı betimsel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Tarama modelleri, geçmişte ya da halen var olan durumu var olduğu şekliyle betimlemeyi amaçlayan araştırma yaklaşımları olarak tanımlanmaktadır.Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak anket formu kullanılmıştır. Anketin hazırlanabilmesi için hamileler rastgele belirlenmiş 20 kişi ile pilot uygulama yapılıp uzman görüşü alınmıştır. Sonuçta 36 sorudan oluşan anket formu hazırlanarak, saç bakım ürünü kullanan hamilelerden oluşan örneklem grubuna uygulanmıştır.Araştırmanın evrenini, 2010 yılı Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) verilerine göre kentsel alanda yaşayan ve saç bakım ürünü kullanma alışkanlığı yüksek olduğu varsayılan 18 yaş üstü toplam 11212 bin kadın hamile tamamı oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın örneklemini ise; evrenden kademeli örneklem yöntemi ile seçilen Zonguldak İlindeki Kadın Doğum ile ilgili sağlık ünitelerinden sağlık desteği ve ilde faaliyet gösteren kuaförlerden saç bakım desteği alan 370 hamile kadın oluşturmaktadır.Uygulanan anketten elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesinde `SPSS 18.0` istatistiksel paket programı kullanılmıştır. Ankette yer alan görüşlerin frekans (n), yüzde (%) dağılımları hesaplanmış ve aritmetik ortalamaları alınmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda sorulara verilen cevapların, frekansları, yüzdeleri ve aritmetik ortalama sonuçları dikkate alınarak 18 yaş üstü hamilelerin saç bakım ürünlerine yönelik görüşleri, çalışan ve çalışmayan hamileler arasındaki özellikler arasındaki farklılıklar belirlenmiştir.Bilim Kodu: Anahtar Kelimeler: Hamilelik, Kozmetik, Saç Bakımı, Saç Bakım ÜrünleriSayfa Adedi: 69Danışman: Yrd. Doç.Dr. Halime YÜCEER ARSLAN PREGNANT ABOUT THE USE OF HAİR CARE PRODUCTS DETERMİNATİON OF THE OPİNİON(Ms. C Thesis)Gizem DOĞANEL AKSOYGAZI UNIVERSITYGRADUATE SCHOOL OF EDUCATIONAL SCIENCESJune,2014ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study, working and pregnant women in the 18-39 age range of hair care products is to determine opinions about the use.In his research, descriptive research method based on screening model is used. Screening models are defined as research approaches aiming to describe a past or a current situation in the form that it exists.The interview form is used as the data collection tool for this research. A preliminary conversation is made with 20 people who are determined randomly pregnants among about this subject for to prepare the interview form and the expert opinions are collected. As result, a interview form with 36 questions is prepared and applied on the sample group composed of pregnants who use hair care products.Population of the research, in 2010 Turkey Statistical Institute (TSI), living in urban areas, according to the habit of using hair care products that have a high default all pregnant women over age 18 has created a total of 11 212 thousand.If the the research sample; from the universe stage sampling method associated with the selected health units in Zonguldak Maternity and provincial operating in support of the health of the hair care hairdresser support area constitutes 370 pregnant women.`SPSS 18.0` statistical software is used in evaluation of the data obtained from the applied interview form. The distribution of frequency (n) and percentage (%) of opinions of interview form and their arithmetic means are calculated. The differences between knowledge levels of pregnants aged over 18 about use of hair care products and differences between their knowledge levels and demographic characteristics are determined by taking frequencies, percentages and arithmetic means results of data obtained from the given answers to questions of the interview form in the result of research.Science Code : Key Words : Pregnancy, Cosmetics, Hair Care, Hair Care ProductsPage Number : 69Supervisor : Assistant Professor Dr. Halime YÜCEER ARSLAN 84

Negotiating the pursuit of multiple goals often requires making difficult trade-offs between goals. In these situations, consumers can benefit from using products that help them pursue several goals at the same time. But do consumers always prefer these multipurpose products? We propose that consumers' incidental mood state alters perceptions of products in a multiple-goals context. Four studies demonstrate that being in a positive mood amplifies perceptions of differences between multiple conflicting goals. As a consequence, consumers are less likely to evaluate multipurpose products as being able to serve multiple distinct goals simultaneously. We conclude by discussing implications of these findings for marketers of multipurpose products.

Etnosentrizm tüketicilerin satın alma davranışlarında ve ürünlerin değerlendirmesinde etkilidir. Etnosentrizm ile ilgili çok sayıda çalışma yapılmasına rağmen, marka isminin yerli ya da yabancı olmasının etkisi kısmen göz ardı edilmiştir. Ürünlerin marka isminin yerel dilde veya yabancı dilde olması etnosentrizm seviyesi yüksek olan tüketicilerin ürünleri yerli veya yabancı olarak değerlendirmelerinde önemli bir ipucu sağlamaktadır. Marka isminden elde ettikleri ipucuna göre tüketicilerin ve ürünlerle ilgili düşünceleri şekillenmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, etnosentrizmin etkisi altında tüketicilerin yerli ya da yabancı marka isimli ürünleri değerlendirmelerini incelemektir. Bu çalışma, tüketici etnosantrizm ve marka isminin etkisini birlikte inceleyerek mevcut literatüre katkıda bulunmaktadır.Araştırma, Kayseri ilinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Konu ile ilgili temel kavram olan tüketici etnosentrizmi, bu çalışmada, CETSCALE ölçeği ile ölçülmüş ve araştırma kapsamındaki Türk tüketicilerinin orta düzeyde tüketici etnosentrizmi eğilimi gösterdikleri ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda etnosentrizm ile demografik faktörlerden medeni durumu, doğum yeri ve yaş arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamışken, gelir arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı negatif yönde bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, eğitim seviyesine göre etnosentrizm düzeyinin farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Tüketici etnosentrizmi üzerinde en etkili demografik faktörler gelir ve eğitim olarak tespit edilmiştir. Tüketicilerin etnosentrizm düzeyleri ile yerli marka isimli ürünleri satın alma niyeti, yerli marka ismine karşı duygusal tepkiler, yerli marka ismine tutumlar, yerli marka isimlerinin algılanan kalitesi ve bağlılık arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı pozitif yönde ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca tekstil, gıda ve elektronik ürün grupları arasından gıda ürünlerinde etnosentrizmin daha etkili olduğu da araştırmanın bulguları arasındadır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Tüketici etnosentrizmi, CETSCALE, Marka Ġsmi. Ethnocentrism affects consumers' purchasing behavior and product evaluation. Textual Local or foreign brand name effect have been somewhat ignored in researches about ethnocentrism although they are deemed valuable. Being brand names of the products in a native or foreign language gives a cue about products about being domestic or foreign to highly ethnocentric consumers.Customers will have ideas about the products becuase of these cues. The aim of this study is to investigate consumer assessments in Kayseri, Turkey towards local and foreign brand names products under the influence of ethnocentrism. This research contributes to the existing literature for examining consumer ethnocentrism and brand name effect. Consumer ethnocentrism is measured by CETSCALE and our results suggest that Turkish consumers have middle level about consumer ethnocentrism tendency. According to the research, there is a statistically significant negative relationship between in come and consumer ethnocentrism and there isn't a statistically significant relationship between marital status, place of birth and consumer ethnocentrism. Inaddition according to the level of education, consumer ethnocentrism score differ. Income and education have been established as the most influential demographic factors about consumer ethnocentrism. There is a statistically positive relation between of consumer ethnocentrism and the purchasing intention of local brand name products, affective respond to local brand name, attitude toward the local brand name, perceived qualitys of domestic brand names and loyalty. Additionally, the results of the study show that ethnocentrism is more effective in food products than textiles and electronics products. 249

Urban tourism has emerged as a significant and distinctive form of tourism, yet it has received a disproportionatelysmall amount of attention in tourism research. Research on urban tourism is rarely conducted among Asian countries such asMalaysia. Therefore, this research attempts to evaluate and investigate the development of urban tourism products in the biggesturban area in Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur (KL), using a strategic planning method, namely, the SWOT analysis. Findings of this studywill have implications toward the future planning, development, and management of tourism products and facilities. &nbsp, O turismo urbano surgiu como uma forma distinta e significativa de turismo; no entanto, pouca atenção lhe temsido dedicada nos estudos desenvolvidos no âmbito do turismo, quando comparado com outras formas de turismo. De entre ospoucos estudos realizados, raros são os conduzidos em países asiáticos como a Malásia. Este estudo pretende, portanto, analisare avaliar o desenvolvimento de produtos de turismo urbano na maior zona urbana da Malásia, Kuala Lumpur (KL), através de um método planeamento estratégico: a análise SWOT. Espera-se que as conclusões deste estudo tenham implicações no planeamento,desenvolvimento e gestão futuros de produtos e equipamentos turísticos neste tipo de destinos. &nbsp

Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-07-20T23:25:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 59c.pdf: 3385228 bytes, checksum: 22dee368d250fa1124cf6f8f80b8f3d4 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-20T23:25:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 59c.pdf: 3385228 bytes, checksum: 22dee368d250fa1124cf6f8f80b8f3d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-12 Nenhuma Perante o elevado número de obras e projetos em execução no Brasil, um estudo sobre a infraestrutura rodoviária de transportes, políticas públicas e a relação entre as duas se faz necessário. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar as ações da política pública federal de transportes, relacionadas à infraestrutura rodoviária no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, no período compreendido entre os anos de 2007 e 2010, representadas pelo Plano Nacional de Logística de Transportes – PNLT e pelo Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento – PAC. Primeiramente foi realizada uma pesquisa sobre os principais conceitos, classificações e críticas concernentes à avaliação de políticas públicas. Em seguida foi realizado estudo sobre a infraestrutura rodoviária de transportes, incluindo o delineamento de sua atual situação no Brasil e no Rio Grande do Sul. Como forma de realizar a avaliação das ações da política de transporte, relativas à infraestrutura rodoviária foi efetuado o acompanhamento destas ações junto aos órgãos de governo relacionados ao tema, como o Ministério dos Transportes e o Departamento Nacional de Infraestrutura de Transportes. Além disso, foi realizada pesquisa de campo com o intuito de avaliar se as ações em questão vão ao encontro das necessidades de seus beneficiários representados pelos empresários do setor de transporte de cargas do Rio Grande do Sul. Esta pesquisa de campo foi realizada através de entrevistas e da remessa de questionários a vinte e nove transportadoras de cargas do referido estado, além da realização de entrevistas com integrantes das entidades representativas das empresas de transportes de cargas e das empresas industriais do estado. As pesquisas realizadas permitiram a conclusão de que as ações da política pública de transportes, relacionadas à infraestrutura rodoviária, desenvolvidas para o período de 2007 a 2010 para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul, estão com diversas obras em atraso e contemplam apenas em parte as necessidades das empresas de transportes de cargas do estado, devido à obsolescência das obras frente aos atuais volumes de tráfego. Esta obsolescência ocasiona aumento de custos e a consequente redução da competitividade, engessando o desenvolvimento e crescimento do setor. Due to the high number of transport infrastructure projects in execution in Brazil, a study about transport infrastructure, mainly highways, public policies and the relation between them is needed. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the actions of public policies related to transport infrastructure, specially highways, developed in Rio Grande do Sul state between 2007 and 2010, represented by the National Transport Logistics Plan and the Growth Acceleration Program. Firstly, a research about the main concepts, classification and critics about public policies evaluation was made. Secondly, a study about transport infrastructure, mainly related to highways, including its actual situation in Brazil and in the state of Rio Grande do Sul was developed. In order to perform the evaluation, the actions related to highways` infrastructure were followed through government agencies related to the theme, as the Ministry of Transport and the National Transport Infrastructure Department. In addition, a field research was held, with the aim to evaluate if the related actions meet the necessities of its beneficiaries, represented by the entrepreneurs of load transport sector in Rio Grande do Sul. The field research was developed through interviews and transmition of questionnaires to twenty nine load transport companies situated in the previously referred state, besides the interviews with local members of load transport and industrial companies’ representative’s entities. The research performed enables to reach the conclusion that actions of transport public policy, related to highways infrastructure, developed to the period of 2007 to 2010 in Rio Grande do Sul state, contain several projects which are delayed and contain only part of the necessities of load transport companies situated in the state. This is a consequence of outdated projects comparing to the actual level of traffic volume. The obsolete projects increase costs, specially related to maintenance, consequently reducing competitiveness and plastering the sector´s development and growth.

International audience; The present paper proposes a new methodology to integrate expert judgement in new product development decision process. In particular, within the garment industry product evaluation data come mainly from judges or consumer panels. Treatment of aggregate data is difficult as some measures could seem to be contradictory. To deal with this issue the present paper proposes the application of a sequential fitting (SEFIT) approach to exploit information from the whole set of data. SEFIT methods, proposed originally by (Mirkin, 1990) attempt to explain the variability in the initial data (commonly defined by a sum of squares) through an additive decomposition terms in the model. In this case, data from expert's evaluation of a set of garment products, concerning six predetermined fashion themes (judge perception), are treated to determine the importance level of each criterion

Küreselleşmeyle birlikte, tüketiciler birçok farklı ülkenin ürünleriyle karşılaşmakta ve satın alacakları ürünler konusunda karar vermekte zorluklarla karşılaşmaktadırlar. Tüketiciler karşılaştıkları bu zorluklarla başa çıkmak için ürünlerle ilgili bilgi ipuçlarından faydalanmaktadır. Ürün ülke imajı, tüketiciler tarafından en sık kullanılan bilgi ipuçlarından biridir. Menşe ülke imajı olarak da adlandırılan bu ipucu tüketicilere ürün hakkında değerlendirmede bulunurken onun hakkında çıkarsamada bulunmasına yardımcı olur. Bu bağlamda ürün ülke imajı oluşumuna etkide bulunan değişkenlerin araştırılması gerekir. Çalışmada milli kimlik ve tüketici aşinalığının menşe ülke imajına ve ürün değerlendirmeye olan etkileri incelenmektedir. Araştırmanın sonuçları milli kimliğin menşe ülke imajı üzerine olumsuz etkisi, tüketici aşinalığının menşe ülke imajı ve yabancı ürün değerlendirme üzerine olumlu etkisi ve menşe ülke imajının yabancı ürün değerlendirme üzerine olumlu etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Menşe Ülke İmajı, Milli Kimlik, Tüketici Aşinalığı, Ürün Aşinalığı, Marka Aşinalığı, Milliyetçilik, Husumet, Vatanseverlik, Etnomerkezcilik, Yabancı Ürün Değerlendirme Along with globalization, consumers encounter with several different country products and have difficulty to decide which products they purchase. Consumers benefit from information clues to cope up with these difficulties. Product country image is one of commonly used information clues by consumers. This clue which is called country-of-origin image, assists them to inference about product while evaluating it. In this context, variables which effect product country image should be searched. In this study, effects of national identity and consumer familiarity on country-of-origin image and product evaluation are examined. Findings show that national identity has negative effect on country of origin image; consumer familiarity has positive effect on country of origin country image and foreign product evaluation and country-of-origin image has positive effect on foreign product evaluation.Keywords: Country of Origin Image, National Identity, Consumer Familiarity, Product Familiarity, Brand Familiarity, Nationalism, Animosity, Patriotism, Ethnocentrism, Foreign Product Evaluation 249

Bu çalışma kanaat önderliğinin ve ağ kimliğinin yeni ürün benimsenmesi üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktadır. Buna ek olarak, yenilikçiliğin ve benlik kurgusunun, kanaat önderliği ve ağ kimliğini nasıl etkilediğini inceliyoruz. Öncelikle, bulguların da belirttiği gibi, özbildirime dayanan kanaat önderliği ve ağ kimliğine dayanan kanaat önderliğinin farklı kavramları yansıttıklarını söyleyebiliriz. Bu tez ağ kimliğinin kanaat önderliği kavramını daha iyi açıkladığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca, ağ kimliğine dayanan kanaat önderlerinin gerçek uzmanlar oldukları gözlenmiştir (Iyengar ve diğerleri, 2011); ek olarak bu kimseler yeniliklere diğerlerinden daha fazla maruz kaldıkları için yeni ürünleri daha erken benimsedikleri görülmüştür (Goldenberg ve diğerleri, 2009). İkinci olarak, bu tez yenilikçilik ve benlik kurgusunun, kanaat önderliği ve ağ kimliğini nasıl etkilediğini göstermektedir. Böylece bu tez kanaat önderliğini açıklama konusunda eşsiz bir çerçeve sunmaktadır. This study examines innovativeness and self-construal as antecedents to self-reported and sociometric opinion leadership, both of which may affect new product adoption.In addition, innovativeness is proposed to be associated with new product adoption. First, this thesis shows that self-reported and sociometric measures of opinion leadership tap into different constructs. This current thesis proposes that sociometric measures reflect opinion leadership better. In addition, sociometric opinion leaders are true experts (Iyengar et al. 2011). Second, this study examines the relationships among innovativeness, self-construal, opinion leadership and new product adoption in order to clarify the relationships among these concepts. Thus, this study provides a unique framework to explain how opinion leaders should be identified. 81

Product evaluation research has long tradition of referring to examine how consumers evaluate product from product itself in an attempt to understand why certain products are high perceived or poor perceived. The key finding from this literature suggested usually when consumers make buying decision; they always recall the memory of the standard and high evaluation products in their minds. The better fitting perceptions would be more favorable than the poor fitting ones. These findings indicate that culture is an important reason that influences on consumers’ responses to product evaluations. Westerners evaluate products differently than Easterners due to cross-cultural differences in styles of thinking. Two cultures of people have differences in design-based product evaluation. In most cases, Easterners provide more favorable evaluations of a new product package design than Westerners do. Das Forschungsgebiet der Produktbeurteilung hat eine lange Tradition in Bezug auf die Thematik, wie der Konsument auf der Basis des Produktes an sich, dessen Beurteilung vornimmt. Ziel dieser Untersuchungen ist es zu verstehen warum einige Produkte besser und andere Produkte schlechter bewertet werden. Im Allgemeinen greifen Konsumenten während ihrer Kaufentscheidung immer auf Erinnerungen an einen Standard oder an ein bereits als positiv bewertetes Produktes aus ihrem Gedächtnis zurück. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Kultur ein bedeutender Faktor ist, der das Konsumentenverhalten hinsichtlich der Produktbeurteilung beeinflusst. Menschen westlich orientierter Kulturen bewerten Produkte anders als Menschen östlich orientierter Kulturen, auf Grund von interkulturellen Unterschieden hinsichtlich ihrer Denkweisen. Zum größten Teil bewerten Personen östlicher Kulturen ein neues Verpackungsdesign positiver als Menschen westlicher Kulturen.

National audience; Temperature is said to have a major impact on retailing management and energy savings. However, few studies have investigated its effect on point of sales' consumer behavior. This research aims at studying the effect of comfortable (19°C and 23°C) and uncomfortable (27°C) levels of temperature on (1) temperature perception and (2) perception of comfort and actual behavior (time spent in store). We base our reasoning on Fechner's and Stevens' laws, for hot temperature, which assume that the sensation varies as the logarithm of the stimulus intensity. We have conducted an experiment in a lab, by creating a mock book store in which the three levels of temperature were carefully controlled. Results show that the perception of increased temperature is lesser than the actual temperature rise. We also show the impact of temperature changes on discomfort perceptions and avoidance behavior. More specifically, when temperature increases, the time spent in store decreases, but less proportionally than actual temperature rise when we get out of the range of comfort. These results confirm psychophysical and ergonomics hypotheses.; La température a fait l'objet de peu de recherche en comportement du consommateur sur le point de vente. Pourtant ce stimulus d'ambiance est d'un intérêt managérial indéniable tant du point de vue du marketing qu'en matière d'économie d'énergie. Les objectifs de cette recherche sont d'investiguer les effets de niveaux de température confortables (19 et 23°C) et d'un niveau de température inconfortable (27°C) sur (1) les perceptions ressenties de température, (2) les perceptions de confort et le comportement effectif des consommateurs (temps passé). A cet effet, nous mobilisons les lois de Fechner et de Stevens, pour les températures chaudes, qui postulent un lien entre stimulus et sensation, tel que la sensation varie comme le logarithme de l'intensité de la stimulation. Les hypothèses sont testées dans le cadre d'une expérimentation en laboratoire, recréant l'environnement d'une librairie, avec les trois conditions de température. Les résultats montrent que les augmentations de température ressentie sont moindres que celles des températures réelles. Ils mettent aussi en évidence l'influence des écarts de température sur les perceptions d'inconfort et les comportements de fuite. En particulier, quand la température s'accroît, le temps passé sur le point de vente diminue, mais moins que proportionnellement à l'augmentation effective de température lorsque l'on sort de la zone de confort. Ces résultats sont conformes aux hypothèses émises et à la littérature en psychophysique et en ergonomie.

Evaluating interface usability and system functionality is time-consuming and effort-intense. The short time-span involved in development iterations, such as those in agile development, makes it challenging for software teams to perform ongoing interface usability evaluation and system functionality testing. We propose a way to perform product ongoing evaluation, thus enabling software teams to perform interface usability evaluation alongside automated system functionality testing. We use formal task models, created in our defined TaMoGolog task modeling language, to conduct product evaluation experiments through TaMUlator. TaMUlator is a tool we developed for use at the Integrated Development Environment (IDE) level. Our case study revealed that software teams can easily engage in system evaluation by using TaMUlator on an iterative basis.

El objetivo de la presente investigación es el de aproximarse al potencial que el género de hiperficción explorativa Elige tu propia aventura (ETPA), abordado desde la producción, puede tener de cara al desarrollo de la competencia escritora en ELE. Como muestra, se ha tomado a un grupo multicultural y plurilingüe de 18 estudiantes de la Universidad de Estocolmo, con una competencia comunicativa mínima en español de B2 marco. Se ha llevado a cabo un análisis cualitativo-cuantitativo que, de forma correlativa, abarcaba el estudio del proceso de composición, del producto alcanzado y del impacto de la tarea sobre el componente afectivo de los participantes. La investigación asignó al grupo de control, la composición cooperativa de un cuento tradicional a través de una wiki, y al experimental, la de un ETPA; todo ello en base a una hipotética oposición entre un ejercicio compositivo lineal y uno de tipo recursivo, respectivamente. Los resultados parecen sugerir que, efectivamente, la estructura no secuencial de la ficción hipertextual propicia un proceso de composición marcado por la recursividad que repercute en la consecución de un mejor producto, en especial, con relación a las propiedades textuales de adecuación, coherencia y cohesión. En lo afectivo, la composición de un ETPA también parece constituir una actividad que, por su novedad, incide positivamente en la motivación de los aprendientes y en un sentimiento de autoeficiencia generado por la resolución exitosa de la tarea. The purpose of this research is to uncover the potential that lies within the explorative genre of hyperfiction entitled Choose Your Own Adventure (CYOA), approached from the student’s final production, and its significance for the development of writing competency in Spanish as a Foreign Language (ELE). As our target sample population, we have chosen a multicultural and plurilingual group of 18 students from the University of Stockholm, all of whom have acquired at least a B2 level of the Common European Framework of References for Languages (CEFR) in communicative competence. This study has carried out qualitative-quantitative research that, in a correlative manner, encompasses the study of the writing process, the final written product, and the impact of the task over the affective component of every participant. The project required the control group to create a cooperative composition of a fairy tale by means of a wiki, and the experimental group to CYOA; all of which was based on the hypothetical opposition between a lineal compositional exercise and a recursive one. Results indicate that the non-sequential structure of hypertextual fiction leads to a recursive writing process. Consequentially, this has an impact on the creation of a better product, especially when related to textual properties of adaptation, coherence and cohesion. Within the affective sphere, the composition of a CYOA could constitute an activity that, due to its novelty, has a positive effect on the learner’s motivation and on his or her sense of self-efficacy generated by the successful resolution of the task.

Köken ülke etkisinin tüketicilerin ürün değerlendirme ve satın alma niyetleri üzerindeki rolünü araştıran bu çalışmada, ilk olarak köken ülke etkisinin ortaya çıkmasına neden olan tüketici etnik kökenciliği eğilimi tanımlanmış ve ülkemiz tüketicileri için eğilimin düzeyi test edilerek, çapraz kültür çalışmalarıyla benzerlik ve farklılıkları ortaya koyulmuştur. Sonrasında köken ülke etkisi kavramsal ve kuramsal olarak açıklanarak, köken ülke etkisine yönelik akademik nitelikli araştırmaların çoğunda köken ülke işaretinin tüketicilerin ürün değerlendirme ve satın alma niyetleri üzerinde bir takım etkiler yaratabileceği yönünde fikir birliğine varılmıştır. Bununla birlikte konuya yönelik daha zengin bir çerçeve sunabilmek için köken ülke algılamalarının nasıl işlerlik kazandığına ilişkin daha detaylı araştırmalara ihtiyaç vardır. Bu nedenle çalışmanın devamında köken ülke işaretinin tüketici davranışları üzerinde etkili olmasına aracılık ettiği düşünülen değişkenler var olan literatürden hareketle tüketici etnik kökenciliği eğilimi, ürün ilgilenimi ve ürün bilgisi olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada, köken ülke işaretinin ürün değerlendirme ve satın alma niyeti üzerindeki etkisi, tüketici etnik kökenciliği eğilimi, ürün ilgilenimi ve ürün bilgisi aracı değişkenleriyle ilişkisi iki ve üç faktörlü varyans analizleriyle test edilmiştir.Analizlere ilişkin bulgulardan, tüketici etnik kökencilik eğilimleri yüksek olan tüketicilerin düşük olanlara kıyasla yerli ürünleri yabancı ürünlerden daha üstün değerlendirme eğiliminde oldukları ve satın almaya daha çok gönüllü oldukları görülmüştür. Ayrıca, ürün ilgilenimi ve ürün bilgisi düşük tüketiciler ürün değerlendirme ve satın alma kararlarında ürünün köken ülkesinden daha çok etkilenme eğilimindedirler. Bununla birlikte tüketicilerin ürün değerlendirmeleri ve satın alma niyetleri üzerinde köken ülke işareti, ürün ilgilenimi ve ürün bilgisinin birlikte etkisinin olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. This study highlights several research proportions that will introduce country of origin effects on product evaluation and purchase intention. First, it views the theories describing consumer ethnocentrism tendency which is caused by country of origin effects. Second, in order to examine the extent to which consumer ethnocentrism tendency dimensions are cross culturally generalizable, current consumer ethnocentrism tendency scale is examined in a different cultural context, in Turkey. Thirdly, it views the theories describing country of origin effects as conceptual and theoretical frameworks. And then, it is supposed relationship between country of origin effects and product evaluation and purchase intention. Since further research is also needed to examine how country of origin effects is processed, finally, it examines some of the key contributors that will lead to product evaluation and purchase intention by means of country of origin effects. The key contributors are classified as consumer ethnocentrism tendency, product involvement and product knowledge. This study is examined the effects of country of origin cues on product evaluation and purchase intention by considering the role of consumer ethnocentrism tendency, product involvement and product knowledge through two- and three- way ANOVAs.It was resulted that highly ethnocentrism consumers in comparison to individuals with low levels of consumer ethnocentrism were evaluated more favourable and been more willing to purchase domestic products than foreign products. Also, it was found that consumers with low product involvement and product knowledge were more likely to be influenced by country of origin cues in their product evaluation and purchase intention than high product involvement and product knowledge. The results were indicated that interactions between country of origin cue, product involvement, and product knowledge was observed on product evaluation and purchase intention. 216

International audience; Consumers' fears and anxiousness, triggered by recent food scares and crises, and technological developments such as GMOs, have led to serious concerns about food safety, ever-increasing demands for quality assurance, more information about product origin food labels, and more particularly designation-of-origin labels, such as PDO (protected designation of origin) and PGI (protected geographic indication). Region of origin food labels have become increasingly frequent and apposed to a large variety of food products. The objective of this study is to analyze consumer preferences towards labeled food products on the basis of a consumer scanned data panel.

El efecto país de origen en el comportamiento de los consumidores es considerado uno de los estudios más extensivos en el mercado internacional (Peterson & Jolibert, 1995; Than & Farley, 1987; Al-Sulaiti & Baker, 1998; Bilkey & Nes, 1982). Samli (1995) resume el "país de origen" como un concepto crítico dentro la información clave, el cual juega un papel importante en la aceptación de los productos en los diferentes mercados del mundo. El efecto país de origen también puede actuar como una barrera intangible para entrar a nuevos mercados, debido a que influye de forma negativa en los consumidores hacia productos importados (Wang & Lamb, 1983). Más recientemente, Laroche (2005) encontró que la imagen del país es un concepto tridimensional, que comprende los elementos cognitivo, afectivo y normativo. Entre otros factores, el conocimiento del consumidor (Samiee, 1994; Maheswaran, 1994) es una herramienta que utilizan los consumidores para el país de origen. Sin embargo, el conocimiento del consumidor y el país de origen solo han recibido una atención limitada. The country of origin effect of country of origin on the behavior of consumers is considered one of the most extensive studies in international marketing (Peterson and Jolibert, 1995; Than and Farley, 1987; Al-Sulaiti and Baker, 1998; Bilkey and Nes, 1982). Samli (1995) summarizes the "country of origin" as a critical concept in the key information, which plays an important role paper in the acceptance of products in different world markets. The country of origin effect of country of origin may also act as an intangible barrier to the entrance of new markets, because it may have a negative influence on in consumers towards imported products (Wang and Lamb, 1983). More recently, Laroche (2005) found that the image of the country is a tri-dimensional concept, composed of cognitive, affective, and regulatory elements. Among other factors, consumer knowledge (Samiee, 1994; Maheswaran, 1994) is a tool that the consumers use concerning the country of origin. Nevertheless, consumer knowledge and the country of origin have received only limited attention.

Previous research has shown that consumer intentions to adopt innovations are often poor predictors of adoption behavior. An important reason for this may be that the evaluative criteria consumers use in both stages of the adoption process weigh differently. Using construal level theory, we develop expectations on the influence of innovation characteristics across the intention and behavior stages of the adoption process. Using meta-analysis, we derive generalizations on drivers of intentions and actual innovation adoption behavior. The results show important differences across both stages. Consumers show higher levels of adoption intention for innovations that are more complex, better match their needs, and involve lower uncertainty. However, consumers are found to actually adopt innovations with less complexity and higher relative advantages. Adopter demographics are found to explain little variance in adoption intention and behavior, whereas adopter psychographics are found to be influential in both stages. These findings have implications for innovation adoption theory, for managers involved in new product and service marketing, and for future research on innovation adoption. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Crucial to the advancement of the User Experience field is the ability to understand product qualities as perceived by users. Therefore we would like to introduce VERO (Visual Experiential Requirements Organizer), an online tool for the structured elicitation of users' perceptions of a given stimulus such as a product, a system or a concept. Contrary to the existing elicitation methods, VERO aims to enable users to freely express opinions about qualities relevant for a given stimulus; to indicate the importance of each quality without imposing a hierarchical order and to cluster related qualities according to users' own perception regarding the strength of the link between them. In this paper we also motivate our approach in developing VERO and sketch our research agenda regarding its validation and application in the field of User Experience.