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Background: Cyclic motor patterns (CMP) are the predominant motor pattern in the distal colon, and are important in both health and disease. Their origin, mechanism and relation to bioelectrical slow-waves remain incompletely understood. During abdominal surgery, an increase in the CMP occurs in the distal colon. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of detecting propagating slow waves and spike waves in the distal human colon through intraoperative, high-resolution (HR), serosal electrical mapping.Methods: HR electrical recordings were obtained from the distal colon using validated flexible PCB arrays (6 × 16 electrodes; 4 mm inter-electrode spacing; 2.4 cm2, 0.3 mm diameter) for up to 15 min. Passive unipolar signals were obtained and analysed.Results: Eleven patients (33-71 years; 6 females) undergoing colorectal surgery under general anaesthesia (4 with epidurals) were recruited. After artefact removal and comprehensive manual and automated analytics, events consistent with regular propagating activity between 2 and 6 cpm were not identified in any patient. Intermittent clusters of spike-like activities lasting 10-180 s with frequencies of each cluster ranging between 24 and 42 cpm, and an average amplitude of 0.54 ± 0.37 mV were recorded.Conclusions: Intraoperative colonic serosal mapping in humans is feasible, but unlike in the stomach and small bowel, revealed no regular propagating electrical activity. Although sporadic, synchronous spike-wave events were identifiable. Alternative techniques are required to characterise the mechanisms underlying the hyperactive CMP observed in the intra- and post-operative period.New Findings: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of detecting propagating electrical activity that may correlate to the cyclic motor pattern in the distal human colon through intraoperative, high-resolution, serosal electrical mapping. High-resolution electrical mapping of the human colon revealed no regular propagating activity, but does reveal sporadic spike-wave events. These findings indicate that further research into appropriate techniques is required to identify the mechanism of hyperactive cyclic motor pattern observed in the intra- and post-operative period in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective methods for visualizing neurovascular morphology are essential for understanding the normal spinal cord and the morphological alterations associated with diseases. However, ideal techniques for simultaneously imaging neurovascular structure in a broad region of a specimen are still lacking. In this study, we combined Golgi staining with angiography and synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SRμCT) to visualize the 3D neurovascular network in the mouse spinal cord. Using our method, the 3D neurons, nerve fibers, and vasculature in a broad region could be visualized in the same image at cellular resolution without destructive sectioning. Besides, we found that the 3D morphology of neurons, nerve fiber tracts, and vasculature visualized by SRμCT were highly consistent with that visualized using the histological method. Moreover, the 3D neurovascular structure could be quantitatively evaluated by the combined methodology. The method shown here will be useful in fundamental neuroscience studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A scheme for three-dimensional (3D) atom localization with high-precision and high-resolution is proposed and its control is studied in a four-level atomic system driven by an additional microwave field. Because of the spatial dependent interaction between atoms and standing wave fields, the atoms can be localized in a domain with widths as small as 0.014 λ by appropriately adjusting the system parameters. The probe absorption spectrum of the atomic system gives the position information of the atoms and different evolution patterns of the localization structures in this study. The population distribution and its 3D localization structures can be easily adjusted by parameters of the microwave field, which can achieve a 100% probability of observing the atom in a specific space and the accuracy with the value of 0.014 λ. Compared with 1D or 2D localizations, 3D localization can further improve the precision of position measurement and develop its spatial resolution, which may produce a wider variety of practical applications with high precision requirement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To control the spread of COVID-19, China has imposed national lockdown policies to restrict the movement of its population since the Chinese New Year of January 2020. In this study, we quantitatively analyzed the changes of pollution sources in Shanghai during the COVID-19 lockdown; a high-resolution emission inventory of typical pollution sources including stationary source, mobile source, and oil and gas storage and transportation source was established based on pollution source data from January to February 2020. The results show that the total emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were 9520.2, 37,978.6, 2796.7, and 7236.9 tons, respectively, during the study period. Affected by the COVID-19 lockdown, the mobile source experienced the largest decline. The car mileage and oil sales decreased by about 80% during the COVID-19 lockdown (P3) when compared with those during the pre-Spring Festival (P1). The number of aircraft activity decreased by approximately 50%. The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on industries such as iron and steel and petrochemicals was less significant, while the greater impact was on coatings, chemicals, rubber, and plastic. The emissions of SO2, NOx, PM2.5, and VOCs decreased by 11%, 39%, 37%, and 47%, respectively, during P3 when compared with those during P1. The results show that the measures to control the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic made a significant contribution to emission reductions. This study may provide a reference for other countries to assess the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on emissions and help establish regulatory actions to improve air quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pre-stack Q migration can eliminate the absorption effect and accurately image underground structures, which is conducive to subsequent reservoir interpretation and hydrocarbon prediction. However, the instability of Q migration amplifies high-frequency noise, which seriously reduces the imaging quality. To solve the instability problem, this paper studies the stability conditions for Q migration in the frequency domain. The generalised standard linear solid (GSLS) model can well describe the attenuation characteristics of underground media by combining different basic rheological models. Based on the Von Neumann stability analysis for the finite difference scheme combined with parameter settings in the GSLS model, this paper focuses on the stability of frequency domain Q migration and theoretically deduces the stability conditions suitable for the GSLS model. The given stability conditions can be directly implemented in the frequency domain Q migration process and constrain only the maximum reference angle frequency rather than the wave field frequencies, which avoids the Gibbs effect like the high-frequency cut method. In addition, the stability conditions can be adjusted adaptively with the computed frequencies, without the problem of over- or insufficient compensation. The model and practical application indicate that based on the GSLS model and its stability conditions, the attenuation effect can be compensated stably, lost energy and frequencies can be recovered, and high-quality imaging results are obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensory changes are common manifestations of nerve complications of carpal tunnel surgery. Division or contusion of a superficial communicating branch between the median nerve and the ulnar nerve, the communicating branch of Berrettini, can explain these symptoms. The aim of this study was to describe the potential value of high-resolution sonography to examine this branch. We conducted a study on eight fresh cadaver hands. An ultrasound assessment of the communicating branch of Berrettini, accompanied by an injection of methylene blue, was performed by a senior radiologist. Subsequent dissections confirmed that the eight guided ultrasound injections allowed the methylene blue to be placed around the origin and termination of the communicating branch of Berrettini. This study extends the limits of ultrasound both in the postoperative diagnosis of potential nerve complications and its possible use in ultrasound-guided carpal tunnel release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Niwot Ridge and Green Lakes Valley (NWT) long‐term ecological research (LTER) site collects environmental observations spanning both alpine and subalpine regimes. The first observations began in 1952 and have since expanded to nearly 300 available datasets over an area of 99 km2 within the north‐central Colorado Rocky Mountains that include hydrological (n = 101), biological (n = 79), biogeochemical (n = 62), and geographical (n = 56) observations. The NWT LTER database is well suited to support hydrologic investigations that require long‐term and interdisciplinary data sets. Experimentation and data collection at the NWT LTER are designed to characterize ecological responses of high‐mountain environments to changes in climate, nutrients, and water availability. In addition to the continuation of the many legacy NWT datasets, expansion of the breadth and utility of the NWT LTER database is driven by new initiatives including (a) a catchment‐scale sensor network of soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and snow‐depth observations to understand hydrologic connectivity and (b) snow‐albedo alteration experiments using black sand to evaluate the effects of snow‐disappearance on ecosystems. Together, these observational and experimental datasets provide a substantial foundation for hydrologic studies seeking to understand and predict changes to catchment and local‐scale process interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the staring imaging problem of phased array detector, a high-resolution imaging algorithm based on random phase coding is proposed in this paper. Random phase coding is used to realize more complex wavefront of detection beam for phased array detector, and it can intercept more effective information from strong scattering points in the target area carried, the scattering factor matrix of detection target area can be restructured accurately through proposed modified sparsity adaptive matching pursuit algorithm, and adaptive monopulse response curve is used for high-resolution azimuth angle measurement during the signal processing. The proposed algorithm can lead the measured angle profile focusing, the resolution of measured angle from proposed algorithm is about 10 times beyond the actual beam scanning imaging algorithm, and the RMSE of imaging is reduced to 2 m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we presented a brand-new concept to construct the Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) based cassette by integrating a vibration-induced emission (VIE) chromophore as the donor. Different from traditional donors only with a single emission, the VIE donor possessed well-separated dual emission bands by altering the excited state molecular configuration from the bent state to the planar state. By linking an acceptor such as a cyanine dye (Cy5), a novel VIE-FRET cassette (PPCy5) was prepared. The planar emission profile of the VIE donor moiety could fully cover the absorption of Cy5, and thus the complete FRET process enabled the excellent bimodal spectra difference of 142 nm and ultra-large pseudo-Stokes shift of up to 300 nm. Benefiting from the viscosity-dependent characteristic of the VIE donor, PPCy5 could clearly and intuitively reveal the different viscosity regions in vivo by dual-color and high-resolution imaging. The VIE-FRET paradigm provides an optional platform for developing donor-acceptor-based dual-color fluorescent probes with high-resolution imaging ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantifying urban disaster resilience is needed to strengthen the capacity of urban disaster prevention and mitigation strategies. In previous studies, the spatial unit used for urban disaster resilience assessment was coarse, which could easily cause local differences to be overlooked. To rectify the problem, this study integrated high spatial-resolution urban grid data and built an index system from economic, social, administrative, and technological dimensions. On this basis, both exponential decay function and spatial analysis techniques were applied to establish a high-precision evaluation method of urban disaster resilience. The results showed that the urban disaster resilience of Futian District (FTUDRI) had a certain spatial aggregation effect, with an average of 0.37 ± 0.08, which was at a middle level. Areas with low and middle-low levels of FTUDRI which accounted for 27.28% were mainly located in the western, northern, and southern edges of Futian District, with undeveloped economy and inadequate emergency infrastructures. We considered the neighborhood impact of point indicators on urban disaster resilience and the results indicated if we neglected this there would be an underestimation of the urban disaster resilience assessment. Hospitals, administrations, and emergency material points were key driving indicators for improving FTUDRI. In conclusion, our results demonstrated the necessity of pursuing high-resolution urban disaster resilience assessments and the effectiveness of the newly proposed method. The results of this study can provide policymakers with a clear location of where a low level of urban disaster resilience occurs, providing a basis for urban disaster prevention and improvement measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high-resolution neurostimulator is the essential component of many bidirectional neural interfaces. In practice, the effective resolution of fully integrated neurostimulator designs is often hindered by the transistor mismatch, especially in submicrometer CMOS processes. In this article, we present a new circuit technique called redundant crossfire (RXF) to address this challenge. It is derived from our redundant sensing (RS) framework, which aims at engineering information redundancy into the system architecture to enhance its effective resolution. RXF involves combining (i.e., crossfiring) the outputs of two or more current drivers to form a redundant structure that, when properly configured, can produce accurate current pulses with an effective super-resolution beyond the limitation commonly permitted by the physical constraints. Unlike any previous works, the proposed technique achieves high-accuracy by directly exploiting the random transistor mismatch with an excessively large mismatch ratio of 10%–20%. The effectiveness of RXF is verified through both Monte Carlo simulations and measurement results of a fully integrated neurostimulator chip. Equipped with a 5-bit current digital-to-analog converter (IDAC) and two 4-bit current multipliers, the stimulator achieves an effective resolution of 9.75 bits in a 1.1-mA full range. An application of the fabricated chip is to deliver neuro-feedback to a human amputee through peripheral nerves where the amplitude of stimulation pulses is accurately controlled to encode the tactile response’s intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multi-proxy analysis, including pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs and plant macrofossil remains was performed to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental history of the Cabeza de Buey shallow lake (36°17′S, 61°10′W) over the last 600 years. We identified the main forcing factors behind changes in the structure and dynamics of the lake communities. Given the relatively low intensity of human activity during the early period of the lake history (prior to 1880 AD), changes in dominant communities were mainly controlled by climate. Afterwards, changes probably resulted from a combination of climate and human impacts that generated an accelerated eutrophication. Four periods in the lake's evolution were recognized based on changes in macrophyte and algae communities' structure. Between ca. 1320 and ca. 1630 AD a shift was evidenced from an oligotrophic brackish with low nutrient content (dominated by Botryococcus braunii) to a mesotrophic fresh water body (dominated by Pediastrum and Scenedesmus), due to an increase in the water level associated with an increase in precipitation. At ca. 1840 AD a transition towards a phase dominated by Myriophyllum spicatum was noted, induced by a low water level as a consequence of low precipitation. Later, at ca. 1880 AD, the current lake conditions were established, and the increase in nutrient and organic matter supply influenced plant community structure towards organic tolerant species of submerged macrophytes (Potamogeton pectinatus). Towards the beginning of the twenty-first century, the lake turned to a more eutrophic state, which is evidenced by the dominance of the phytoplankton community. The last hundred years of the lake history were characterized by the eutrophication process related to the impact of agriculture and cattle breeding implemented in the landscape as well as to the urban settlement. This study made it possible to infer changes in the structure and dynamics of Cabeza de Buey lake and to elucidate the forcing factors that induced these changes on a high-resolution scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Going towards high‐resolution, uniform displays with a high‐brightness range requires optimizations on different topics. This work presents an overview on this subject. To achieve a good uniformity, a compensation method is proposed using a 2T1C pixel circuit, compatible with high‐resolution requirements, improving uniformity by a factor 52.5. In order to further increase the achievable resolution, a new technology stack, using a planar and a vertical TFT is introduced. For increasing the brightness range, a global dimming method, compatible with the 2T1C pixel circuit, is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A New High-Resolution Sub-Bottom Profile Measurement Scheme: A novel Parametric Sub-Bottom Profiler (PSBP) is developed, employing a parametric transmitting array and a 2D vector hydrophone to achieve high-resolution sub-bottom imaging. • Single Side Frequency Doubling Beamforming (SSFDB) Technique: The use of vector hydrophone and SSFDB signal processing can effectively avoid the influences of ambient noise, ship radiation noises and secondary reflections on the sea surface. The corresponding frequency and bandwidth doubling expansion has achieved an improvement in time detection resolution. • Innovative Application of Signal Enhancement Algorithms: The echo signal is enhanced by combining Low Order Bidirectional Differential Arithmetic Unit (LOBDAU) and Coherent Accumulator (CA), further improving imaging quality. This technology provides technical support for achieving high-resolution sub-bottom profile imaging. • High-Resolution Layering Method (HRLM) Based on Peak Detection: By using HRLM, we can obtain clearer seabed sediment profiles. It can make the layered display more precise and significantly highlight the hierarchical structure information of sedimentary layers. The processing effect is equivalent to narrowing the corresponding echo peak width of each sedimentary layer, the time detection resolution is improved. This paper reports a new method to achieve high-resolution sub-bottom profiling, providing a scheme for the development of Parametric Array Sub-bottom Profiler (PSBP). The high-resolution sub-bottom profiling system is integrated using parametric transmitting array and vector hydrophone, series signal enhancement and high-resolution signal processing methods are proposed to obtain clear sub-bottom profiles. Based on the parametric array, a small-aperture high directivity beam with low frequency, broadband, and without sidelobes is realized, physically achieved high spatial resolution and temporal resolution. By using the vector hydrophone, a single side frequency doubling beamforming (SSFDB) method is used to significantly suppresses the impact of marine environmental noise and sea surface acoustic scattering, the detection resolution is improved due to the frequency doubling characteristics of SSFDB at the same time. Low order bidirectional differential arithmetic unit (LOBDAU) and coherent accumulator (CA) are combined to enhance the echo signal, and finally the high-resolution layering method (HRLM) based on peak detection gives a clear sub-bottom profile of the sediment. The benefits of the combined acoustic array design scheme and the researched signal processing methods had been experimentally evaluated, a clear sub-bottom profile with a semi buried sunken ship was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high-resolution scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) is a powerful tool that can directly explore the structure-property correlation of materials at nanometer scale. However, so far, the attainable maximum resolution is still restricted by the diameter of the droplet probe. Here, we report a simple and effective approach that can highly reduce the effective size of a nanopipette probe in SECCM. The effective working size was reduced to tens of nanometers by using the conventional droplet probe with an opening size of ∼129 nm through one-step oil coating. Furthermore, both the topographical and electrochemical activity of the Au nanoplate were simultaneously recorded successfully at the pixel size of sub-10 nm in the x-axis direction, meaning the potential to achieve a sub-10 nm resolution. Finally, the modified probe displays excellent applicability with acidic, neutral and alkaline electrolytes. The method retains the advantages of the droplet probe and breaks the limitation of its opening size on the SECCM imaging resolution, opening a broad avenue for both further rapid commercialization and broad applications of SECCM. • The oil-coating probe was fabricated. • The effective working size was reduced to tens of nanometers by using the conventional droplet probe with an opening size of ∼129 nm. • Both the topographical and electrochemical activity of the Au nanoplate were simultaneously recorded successfully at the pixel size of sub-10 nm. • The diffusion limited-current was used to calculated the effective working size of the droplet. • The modified probe displays excellent applicability with acidic, neutral and alkaline electrolytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simulated SV-AUC data for an adeno-associated virus (AAV) sample consisting of four components having closely spaced sedimentation coefficients were used to develop a high-speed protocol that optimized the size distribution analysis resolution. The resulting high speed (45K rpm) SV-AUC (hs-SV-AUC) protocol poses several experimental challenges: 1) the need for rapid data acquisition, 2) increased potential for optical artifacts from steep and fast moving boundaries and 3) the increased potential for convection. To overcome these challenges the protocol uses interference detection at low temperatures and data that are confined to a limited radial-time window. In addition to providing higher resolution AAV SV-AUC data and very short run times (<20 min after temperature equilibration), the need to match the sample and reference solvent composition and meniscus positions is relaxed making interference detection as simple to employ as absorbance detection. Finally, experimental data comparing hs-SV-AUC (at 45K rpm) with standard low-speed (15K rpm) SV-AUC on the same AAV sample demonstrate the size distribution resolution improvement. These experiments also validate the use of a radial-time window and show how quickly data can be acquired using the hs-SV-AUC protocol. [Display omitted] • High-resolution SV-AUC protocol for AAV and other supramolecular structures. • High speed analytical ultracentrifugation improves AAV size distribution resolution. • High speed AAV SV-AUC leads to short run times of less than 20 minutes. • Simplifying operational procedure when doing AAV SV-AUC with interference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Occultation observation is an important technique for shadow region detection and a significant complement to the illuminated region detection method. This technology will significantly reduce the impact of background light pollution and provide clearer occultation signals. In order to achieve high-resolution all-round detection in the shadow region, this paper introduces a proposal for a prism-grating panoramic imaging spectrometer based on occultation observations. It utilizes a panoramic annular lens to enable 360-degree occultation observations within the shadow region, combines a grating for spectral separation to obtain spectral information, and achieves an overall straight-line design for the system by adjusting the prism-grating surface's deflection angle. This paper, by analyzing the non-uniformity of light rays from different fields of view after dispersion by the grating, obtains the coordinate information of the spectrum on the image plane, significantly improving the accuracy of subsequent spectral calibration. The design results indicate that the optical system of this imaging spectrometer achieves a spectral resolution of 0.67 nm in the wavelength range of 365–770 nm. At a Nyquist frequency of 37.04lp/mm, the MTF across the entire bandwidth exceeds 0.6. The RMS of the point spread function is less than 9 μm across the full field of view, and aberration correction is excellent. This imaging spectrometer utilizes stellar occultations to achieve real-time 360-degree observations in the shadow region, and at the same time obtains total information on atmospheric components and contour information that varies with occultation height. This scheme offers a more comprehensive information for scientists in related fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The collision between Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates results in a series of earthquakes, releasing stored elastic strain accumulated over a long period. This research utilizes 22 new and 26 previously published GPS velocities along with nine years of InSAR observations to estimate high-resolution velocity and strain rate fields across the Kumaun Himalaya. The resulting high-resolution velocity field ranges between 0.5 and 14 mm/yr relative to the India-fixed reference frame. The geodetic strain rate is not uniform across the study region and the higher strain rates are observed along the Main Central Thrust. The areal change rate along the Kumaun Himalaya indicates a significant amount of tectonic compression, with an average value of − 0.08 μstrain ∕ yr , while the maximum shear strain rate in the region has a mean value of 0.08 μstrain ∕ yr. The moment deficit rate, based on accumulated strain and energy release over 200 years, turns out to be 7.59 × 1018 Nm ∕ yr along the Kumaun Himalaya. This suggests that the study region can generate a great earthquake (Mw 8.1) in the future. • High-resolution velocity field estimated by integrating InSAR and GPS observations. • Estimated strain rates are high along the MCT in the Kumaun Himalaya. • The moment deficit rate in the study area is as high as 7.59 × 1018 Nm / yr. • The moment deficit rate suggests an earthquake potential of M w 8.1 in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a seismic deconvolution algorithm based on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)-weighted stacking. First, we applied the time-frequency analysis to decompose the common midpoint (CMP) or common reflection point (CRP) gather. It is considered that there are differences in noise between different traces in the frequency domain profile. Then, we employ an SNR-weighted stacking strategy in each frequency-domain profile. Finally, we construct the resolution-enhancement amplitude spectrum, apply a linear inversion approach to calculate the overall weights of each frequency-domain profile, perform weighted stacking between the frequency-domain profiles, and obtain the resolution-enhancement post-stack data. The frequency decomposition of the pre-stack gather is efficiently utilized for the primary data of the proposed method. The SNR-weighted stacking adaptively selects the components with high SNR at each frequency. In addition, the resolution-oriented stacking weights are determined by the linear inversion approach. This algorithm can be adaptively weighted by considering the SNR of each frequency component, which can effectively overcome the problem of low SNR in spectral simulation and obtain high-resolution seismic data. The algorithm does not include wavelet extraction and regularization; thus, the resolution-enhancement data is more reliable. Applications to synthetic and field seismic datasets demonstrate that the proposed resolution-enhancement methodology is of great benefit to the succeeding structural interpretation and thin-bed identification. • The weighted stacking in seismic processing is used for data deconvolution. • Combines weighted superposition with time-frequency decomposition and reconstruction. • Proposed method is not estimating the wavelet and not applying regularization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) is expected to play a pivotal role in achieving carbon-neutral pledge. However, the neglect of geological volatility in existing models will lead to obvious bias in the CCUS layout optimization results. Therefore, a new optimization model for CCUS layout is developed based on high-resolution geological variability. Finally, the model is validated by solving the optimal CCUS layout of coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) in a case region till 2060. The obtained results show that (i) To accomplish the same emission reduction targets, the total length of the pipeline network by 2060 in the scenario considering high-resolution geological variability (HGV) will decrease by 12.5% compared with the scenario without geological variability (NGV); (ii) The total crude oil production can be enhanced by about 19.0% in HGV scenario compared with NGV due to the optimized CO 2 source-sink matching; (iii) Comparing with the NGV, the CCUS layout under the HGV can decrease 26.1 and 32.7 CNY/tCO 2 in capital costs and O&M costs respectively, and ultimately improve the total profit by 149.4 CNY/tCO 2. In summary, the proposed new model can solve the optimal CCUS layout and operation more practically and accurately. • A new optimization model for CCUS layout is developed based on high-resolution data. • The replacement ratio of CO 2 to oil based on the high-resolution data is obtained. • Total pipeline network length can be reduced by 12.5% by using the new model. • Total crude oil production can be enhanced by 19.0% by using the new model. • Total profit is enhanced by 149.4 CNY/tCO 2 by using the new model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the DAnish Lagrangian Model (DALM), which is a new high-resolution air pollution model based on the concept of Lagrangian particles. The new model is developed from the simpler Gaussian plume-in-grid Urban Background Model (UBM) and is to be integrated with the DEHM/UBM/AirGIS modeling system, developed at Aarhus University. In the first part of the paper, the theoretical foundation of the model is presented, and the implementation of a large set of physical and numerical parameterizations is discussed. The second part describes the validation of DALM against measurements, applying different combinations of the implemented parameterizations. This validation demonstrates that DALM can accurately reproduce spatiotemporal patterns in the measured data and that its performance is more sensitive to parameterizations of vertical compared to horizontal transport. Conclusively, the combination of parameterizations yielding the best model performance is determined based on a ranking system, and future improvements to DALM are outlined. [Display omitted] • A new comprehensive local-scale Lagrangian air pollution model is in development. • The new model is validated against measurements from Danish monitoring stations. • Some sets of planetary boundary layer parameterizations show a better performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro-displays based on micro-LEDs are becoming more and more attractive in AR/MR (Augmented/Mixed Reality) applications. A display size of 0.5 to 0.7-inch is preferred, with 5,000 PPI (Pixel Per Inch) or higher. Due to this pixel density and size, a CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Silicon) backplane is an ideal solution to drive these pixelized micro-LEDs. As the required pixel size gets smaller, the design of the appropriate pixel circuit becomes more challenging. The simplest 2T1C (2 transistors & 1 capacitor) pixel circuit has potential problems, due to the leakage current of the switch transistor and the voltage drop on the matrix array layout. In this paper, a pixel circuit is proposed as a solution to overcome these two issues. Our simulation results show that the variation of the driving current to the LED is improved by 95 %, and the IR drop error rate is around 2.2 % compared to the 2T1C circuit. The test results also show that the error rate of IPIXEL for the whole region of display is under 2.5 %. This work is verified using a test chip implementation with 180 nm CMOS process technology.

Automatic extracting road intersection points is essential for applications such as data registration between vector data and remote sensing images, aircraft-assisted navigation. However, at a large scale, it is difficult to quickly and accurately extract road intersection points due to the problems caused by complex structures, geometric texture noise interference. In this context, taking OpenStreetMap (OSM) data as priori knowledge, we propose a method for automatic extraction of complex road intersection points based on fuzzy inference. First, OSM data are analyzed to obtain structural information of intersection points. Local search areas are built around the intersection points. Second, within the local search area, the candidate intersection point set are generated. Meanwhile the input image is segmented using multiresolution segmentation; then we establish a fuzzy rule to infer the road area from the segmentation result. The fuzzy indexes and rules are established for the candidate intersection point set to deduce the road intersection area. Finally, based on the results of the previous step, the road intersection points are extracted based on the line segment constraint, structure matching, and linkage equation. Three sets of high-resolution remote sensing images were used to verify the feasibility of the method. We demonstrate that the correctness and positioning accuracy of this method are superior to those of other methods through contrastive analysis.

Semantic segmentation is performed to understand an image at the pixel level; it is widely used in the field of autonomous driving. In recent years, deep neural networks achieve good accuracy performance; however, there exist few models that have a good trade-off between high accuracy and low inference time. In this paper, we propose a fast spatial feature network (FSFNet), an optimized lightweight semantic segmentation model using an accelerator, offering high performance as well as faster inference speed than current methods. FSFNet employs the FSF and MRA modules. The FSF module has three different types of subset modules to extract spatial features efficiently. They are designed in consideration of the size of the spatial domain. The multi-resolution aggregation module combines features that are extracted at different resolutions to reconstruct the segmentation image accurately. Our approach is able to run at over 203 FPS at full resolution (1024×2048) in a single NVIDIA 1080Ti GPU, and obtains a result of 69.13% mIoU on the Cityscapes test dataset. Compared with existing models in real-time semantic segmentation, our proposed model retains remarkable accuracy while having high FPS that is over 30% faster than the state-of-the-art model. The experimental results proved that our model is an ideal approach for the Cityscapes dataset. The code is publicly available at: https://github.com/computervision8/FSFNet.

Fast Style Transfer is a series of Neural Style Transfer algorithms that use feed-forward neural networks to render input images. Because of the high dimension of the output layer, these networks require much memory for computation. Therefore, for high-resolution images, most mobile devices and personal computers cannot stylize them, which greatly limits the application scenarios of Fast Style Transfer. At present, the two existing solutions are purchasing more memory and using the feathering-based method, but the former requires additional cost, and the latter has poor image quality. To solve this problem, we propose a novel image synthesis method named block shuffle, which converts a single task with high memory consumption to multiple subtasks with low memory consumption. This method can act as a plug-in for Fast Style Transfer without any modification to the network architecture. We use the most popular Fast Style Transfer repository on GitHub as the baseline. Experiments show that the quality of high-resolution images generated by our method is better than that of the feathering-based method. Although our method is an order of magnitude slower than the baseline, it can stylize high-resolution images with limited memory, which is impossible with the baseline. The code, models, and Android demonstration application will be made available on https://github.com/czczup/block-shuffle.

Keywords: High-resolution; Peanut; Spatial transcriptome; Stereo-seq EN High-resolution Peanut Spatial transcriptome Stereo-seq 1648 1650 3 08/25/22 20220901 NES 220901 High-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology has developed rapidly in recent years (Xie I et al i ., 2022). Although the gene number captured in the four tissues is approximately half of that of single-cell sequencing technique; however, the more useful spatial information independent of marker genes makes sense in particular to the non-model species. [Extracted from the article]

Both computer simulations and experimental phantom studies were carried out to investigate the radiation dose reduction with tensor framelet based iterative image reconstruction (TFIR) for a dedicated high-resolution spectral breast computed tomography (CT) based on a silicon strip photon-counting detector. The simulation was performed with a 10 cm-diameter water phantom including three contrast materials (polyethylene, 8 mg ml(-1) iodine and B-100 bone-equivalent plastic). In the experimental study, the data were acquired with a 1.3 cm-diameter polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) phantom containing iodine in three concentrations (8, 16 and 32 mg ml(-1)) at various radiation doses (1.2, 2.4 and 3.6 mGy) and then CT images were reconstructed using the filtered-back-projection (FBP) technique and the TFIR technique, respectively. The image quality between these two techniques was evaluated by the quantitative analysis on contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and spatial resolution that was evaluated using the task-based modulation transfer function (MTF). Both the simulation and experimental results indicated that the task-based MTF obtained from TFIR reconstruction with one-third of the radiation dose was comparable to that from the FBP reconstruction for low contrast target. For high contrast target, the TFIR was substantially superior to the FBP reconstruction in terms of spatial resolution. In addition, TFIR was able to achieve a factor of 1.6-1.8 increase in CNR, depending on the target contrast level. This study demonstrates that the TFIR can reduce the required radiation dose by a factor of two-thirds for a CT image reconstruction compared to the FBP technique. It achieves much better CNR and spatial resolution for high contrast target in addition to retaining similar spatial resolution for low contrast target. This TFIR technique has been implemented with a graphic processing unit system and it takes approximately 10 s to reconstruct a single-slice CT image, which can potentially be used in a future multi-slit multi-slice spiral CT system.

Abstract Background Movement decisions made in space and time define how wildlife meet competing extrinsic and intrinsic demands to maximize fitness. Differential selection of resource patches provides one example of how to measure how animals balance conflicting demands. We hypothesized that individual spatial selection of patch types between dynamic seasons would signify flexible strategies used to minimize risk and optimize foraging efforts. Methods We used data collected from GPS loggers on golden-mantled ground squirrels (Callospermophilus lateralis) to model selection or avoidance of resources in two seasons of seed availability and one season in which no seeds were available. Movement decisions were measured in short-term discrete time intervals using high resolution location data. Selection or avoidance of specific resource features that entail fitness consequences were then assessed using resource selection functions. Results Seasonality of food availability, food type, and spatial distribution of food largely influenced how individuals selected resources within their home ranges. Overall, when seeds were available, individuals mediated risks of predation and loss of food by using patches closer to refuge and selected intermediate distances to the burrow. When food was not available, individuals minimized exposure to heightened risk by staying close to the burrow and avoiding riskier patch types. Conclusions Results indicate that individuals used flexible, dynamic strategies to select habitat patches which may allow them to balance conflicting seasonal demands. Advances in GPS technology for research of small mammals provide greater insight into how prey species in high risk environments differentially use resources to minimize risk and maintain fitness.

A large‐scale multi‐projector display system offers high‐resolution, high‐brightness and immersive visualisation for realistic experience to end users. It has been demonstrated to be effective tackling the conflict between the increasing demands of super‐resolution display and the resolution limitation of a single display system. However, there is still no standardisation method for curved‐surface projection screen. In this study, we propose a novel approach for calibrating multi‐projector display systems, which have curved surfaces. First, based on a detailed analysis on arbitrarily curved surfaces, we present a three‐dimensional reconstruction algorithm based on Bezier surface models. Then, for fully utilising the projection area of each projector, we propose a novel curved‐surface stitching algorithm to achieve geometry seamlessness of multi‐projector display systems. Experimental results show that by constructing local Bessel models for the curved screen, the proposed method performs better than traditional approaches, i.e. the new method achieves geometric calibration with higher accuracy. The proposed method of modelling projection screen and the corresponding automatic geometric correction scheme effectively increase the utilisation ratio of the original projection area of each projector and improve the calibration accuracy of multi‐projector system with continuous curved surface.

Range Cell Migration Correction (RCMC) represents an important advance in moving target imaging in the airborne single antenna high-resolution SAR system. In this paper, we propose a new four-step RCMC approach combined with parameter estimation that overcomes the drawbacks of high computation and low accuracy in high-resolution. First, we use the Hough transform and the energy balancing method to estimate the range velocity and correct the range walk. Next, we perform a range curvature correction in the range-Doppler domain by using the initial Doppler rate. Thirdly, we accurately estimate the Doppler rate using Mapdrift technology. Finally, we correct the residual range curvature by the accurate Doppler rate. Compared with traditional algorithms, the proposed method requires less computation and is robust in the high-resolution SAR system. In this paper, we present a mathematical model and validate its effectiveness using both simulation and real data.

The high-resolution seismic characterization of gas hydrate reservoirs plays an important role in the detection and exploration of gas hydrate. The conventional AVO (amplitude variation with offset) method is based on a linearized Zoeppritz equation and utilizes only the reflected wave for inversion. This reduces the accuracy and resolution of the inversion properties and results in incorrect reservoir interpretation. We have studied a high-resolution wave-equation-based inversion method for gas hydrate reservoirs. The inversion depends on the scattering integral wave equation that describes a nonlinear relationship between the seismic wavefield and the elastic properties of the subsurface medium. In addition to the reflected wave, it considers more wavefields including the multiple scattering and transmission during inversion to improve the subsurface illumination, so as to enhance the accuracy and resolution of the inversion properties. The results of synthetic data from Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea, demonstrate the validity and advantages of the wave-equation-based inversion method. It can effectively improve the resolution of inversion results compared to the conventional AVO method. In addition, it has good performance in the presence of noise, which makes it a promising method for field data.

This paper addresses the objectives in a complex context: the polarization mathematical and physical model of the basic components of the target/background is constructed by simulation modeling. The image fusion experiment is carried out based on a two-dimensional wavelet transformation. A high-resolution polarization imaging instrument was developed, and static experiments were carried out with polarization, infrared, and visible cameras. The result shows that using polarization imaging detection technology to detect physical evidence targets in complex backgrounds can effectively improve target contrast. It can enrich the target information, improve image quality, and improve target detection accuracy.

Echelle grating provides high spectral resolving power and diffraction efficiency in a broadband wavelength range by the Littrow mode. The spectrometer with the cross-dispersed echelle scheme has seen remarkable growth in recent decades. Rather than the conventional approach with common blazed grating, the cross-dispersed echelle scheme achieves the two-dimensional spatial distribution of the spectrum by one exposure without scanning in the broadband spectral range. It is the fastest and most sensitive spectroscopic technology as of now, and it has been extensively applied in commercial and astronomical spectrometers. In this review, we first highlight the characteristics of the echelle and then present the optical layout, detection approach, and method of calibration. Finally, we discuss the state-of-the-art implementations and applications of commercial and astronomical instruments.

Peatland habitats represent key environmental resources that are a critical component in climate change mitigation strategies. However, many of these environmental settings are facing significant levels of erosion and degradation which, over time, will result in the loss of these key environments. Traditional monitoring techniques for these settings require invasive methods, disrupting the natural environment and potentially leading to further losses if incorrectly administered. In this article, we provide a non-invasive, cost-effective alternative to peatland health monitoring through the implementation of low-cost hyperspectral imaging techniques. Using common peatland plant species as a proxy for underlying peat health, we monitor the spectral response of Sphagnum plants under varying degrees of water stress to document their spectral response under these conditions. For this research, we utilise a low-cost, semi-portable High-Resolution Hyperspectral Imager capable of resolving mm-scale targets in conjunction with the ultra-low-cost Hyperspectral Smartphone that represents a completely accessible fully field portable instrument allowing for rapid and accurate on-site measurements. Both instruments are shown to provide accurate and robust results, capturing subtle changes in spectral response prior to their appearance within visual datasets enabling the use of mitigation and restoration techniques before the onset of more damaging conditions.

Open biomass burning (OBB) is one of the major factors that influences the regional climate environment and surface vegetation landscape, and it significantly affects the regional carbon cycle process and atmospheric environment. The Amur-Heilong River Basin (ARB) is a fire-prone region in high-latitude boreal forests. In this study, we used fire radiative power (FRP) obtained from a Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to estimate OBB emissions from the ARB and established a long-term series (2003–2020) with a high spatiotemporal resolution and a daily 1 km emissions inventory. The results show that the annual average emissions of CO2, CO, CH4, NMHCs, NOx, NH3, SO2, BC, OC, PM2.5, and PM10 were estimated to be 153.57, 6.16, 0.21, 0.78, 0.28, 0.08, 0.06, 0.04, 0.39, 0.66, and 0.85 Tg/a, respectively. Taking CO2 as an example, grassland fire in the dry season (mainly in April and October) was the largest contributor (87.18 Tg/a), accounting for 56.77% of the total CO2 emissions from the ARB, followed by forest fire prone to occur in April–May (56.53 Tg/a, 36.81%) and crop fire during harvest season (9.86 Tg/a, 6.42%). Among the three countries in the ARB, Russia released the most total CO2 emissions (2227.04 Tg), much higher than those of China (338.41 Tg) and Mongolia (198.83 Tg). The major fire types were crop fires (40.73%) on the Chinese side and grass fires on the Russian (56.67%) and Mongolian (97.56%) sides. Over the past decade, OBB CO2 emissions have trended downward (−0.79 Tg/a) but crop burning has increased significantly (+0.81 Tg/a). Up to 83.7% of crop fires occurred in China (2010–2020), with a concentrated and southward trend. Comparisons with the Global Fire Emission Dataset (GFED4.1s), the Fire INventory from NCAR (FINNv2.2), and the Global Fire Assimilation System (GFASv1.2) showed that our newly established emission inventory was in good agreement with these three datasets in the ARB. However, this multi-year, daily 1 km high-resolution emission inventory has the advantages of detecting more small fire emissions that were overlooked by coarse-grid datasets. The methods described here can be used as an effective means of estimating greenhouse gas and aerosol emissions from biomass combustion.

Automatic cerebral cortical surface reconstruction is a useful tool for cortical anatomy quantification, analysis and visualization. Recently, the Human Connectome Project and several studies have shown the advantages of using T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images with sub-millimeter isotropic spatial resolution instead of the standard 1-mm isotropic resolution for improved accuracy of cortical surface positioning and thickness estimation. Nonetheless, sub-millimeter resolution images are noisy by nature and require averaging multiple repetitions to increase the signal-to-noise ratio for precisely delineating the cortical boundary. The prolonged acquisition time and potential motion artifacts pose significant barriers to the wide adoption of cortical surface reconstruction at sub-millimeter resolution for a broad range of neuroscientific and clinical applications. We address this challenge by evaluating the cortical surface reconstruction resulting from denoised single-repetition sub-millimeter T1-weighted images. We systematically characterized the effects of image denoising on empirical data acquired at 0.6 mm isotropic resolution using three classical denoising methods, including denoising convolutional neural network (DnCNN), block-matching and 4-dimensional filtering (BM4D) and adaptive optimized non-local means (AONLM). The denoised single-repetition images were found to be highly similar to 6-repetition averaged images, with a low whole-brain averaged mean absolute difference of ~0.016, high whole-brain averaged peak signal-to-noise ratio of ~33.5 dB and structural similarity index of ~0.92, and minimal gray matter–white matter contrast loss (2% to 9%). The whole-brain mean absolute discrepancies in gray matter–white matter surface placement, gray matter–cerebrospinal fluid surface placement and cortical thickness estimation were lower than 165 μm, 155 μm and 145 μm—sufficiently accurate for most applications. These discrepancies were approximately one third to half of those from 1-mm isotropic resolution data. The denoising performance was equivalent to averaging ~2.5 repetitions of the data in terms of image similarity, and 1.6–2.2 repetitions in terms of the cortical surface placement accuracy. The scan-rescan variability of the cortical surface positioning and thickness estimation was lower than 170 μm. Our unique dataset and systematic characterization support the use of denoising methods for improved cortical surface reconstruction at sub-millimeter resolution.

In this paper, being based on the idea of dispersion-relation-preserving optimization, a class of high-order high-resolution upwind compact schemes with a free parameter and their consistent boundary scheme are proposed for the solution of the governing equations of the 2D double-diffusive convection. The first derivative and the second derivative, in the vorticity equation, the temperature equation and the concentration equation, are discretized by using the optimal upwind compact scheme on a uniform mesh and the fourth-order symmetrical Padé compact scheme, respectively. The pressure Poisson equation is approximated using a fourth-order compact difference scheme constructed currently on the nine-point two dimensional stencil. The fourth-order Runge-Kutta method is utilized for the temporal discretization. To assess numerical capability of the proposed algorithm, particularly its spatial behavior, the problems about the convection diffusion equation, the nonlinear Burgers equation and the nature convection flows in the square cavity with adiabatic horizontal walls and differentially heated vertical walls are computed by using the newly proposed algorithm. The numerical results are in excellent agreement with the benchmark solutions and some of the accurate results available in the literature, and show that effectiveness, accuracy and the advantage of better resolution of the present method. After that, steady and unsteady solutions for the double-diffusive convection in a rectangular cavity are also used to assess the efficiency of the present algorithm. The period of oscillation and flow field profiles are in great agreement with the data in the literature for buoyancy ratio, λ = 1. The typical separation and secondary vortices at the bottom corner of the cavity as well as the top corner can be captured well for various buoyancy ratio. These indicate that the present method is suitable for simulating effectively the unsteady double-diffusive convection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ship classification has long been a challenging task in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) applications. With the improvement of SAR resolution, it has gradually become possible based on high-resolution SAR images. This letter presents a joint feature representation method for characterizing the superstructure scattering features of merchant ships, and then a hierarchical scheme for classifying merchant ships in high-resolution SAR images based on integrated macro and detailed superstructure features is proposed. Comprehensive experiment on three types of high-resolution SAR samples demonstrates that the proposed features and method have the ability to improve the performance of merchant ship classification in SAR images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Centrifugal activation is not always the origin of a focal atrial tachycardia (AT) ("true-focal"), but passive activation from the other structures ("pseudo-focal").Objective: We aimed to establish a method to differentiate true-focal from pseudo-focal.Methods: In 49 centrifugal activations in 35 patients with AT, 12-lead electrocardiogram, activation map, atrial global activation histogram (GAH), and local electrograms were analyzed. GAH demonstrates the relation between the activation area and timing through the cycle length, displayed with a normalized value, ranging from 0 (smallest activation area) to 1.0 (largest activation area).Results: Of 30 centrifugal activations observed in the septal region, 6/30 (20.0%) were true-focal. The remaining 24/60 (80.0%) were pseudo-focal, of which 23 (95.8%) were from the opposite chamber. P-wave/flutter-wave duration < 200 ms discriminated true-focal from pseudo-focal (sensitivity 100%; specificity 54.5%; positive predictive value 33.3%; negative predictive value 100%). Multiple breakthrough ruled out the possibility of a true-focal AT. Other differentiating factors were an activation area within the initial 20 ms of <5 mm2 and a typical QS pattern electrogram at the origin. Of 19 centrifugal activations observed outside the septal regions, 7 were true-focal and 12 were pseudo-focal exited from an epicardial structure: 10 of 12 (83.3%) were located around the left atrial appendage and ridge. Flutter wave, GAH score ≤ 0.05, and GAH score < 0.1 for >110 ms of cycle length differentiated true-focal from pseudo-focal with a sensitivity/negative predictive value of 100%. GAH score < 0.1 for >40% of the cycle length simply discriminated true-focal from pseudo-focal with 100% accuracy.Conclusion: Centrifugal activation is not necessarily due to a focal AT but passive activation. The activation map with GAH in addition to the 12-lead electrocardiogram and local electrograms enables an accurate differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Stream water chemistry is routinely measured over time at fixed and sparse sites, which provides a coarse image of spatial variability. Here, we measured nitrate, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and several chemical proxies for water flowpaths, catchment residence time and biogeochemical transformations, every 50–100 m along 13 km of streams in six agricultural headwater catchments (1.1–3.5km2). The objective was to examine controls on longitudinal nitrate profiles at a high spatial resolution during four seasons: rewetting of the catchments in autumn, winter high‐flow, spring recession and summer low‐flow. Our results showed monotonic trends in longitudinal profiles for nitrate and DOC, which were opposite for the two solutes. Spatial trends in water‐chemistry profiles persisted across seasons, which suggests time‐invariant controls on the spatial variations in concentrations. Four catchments exhibited decreasing nitrate and increasing DOC from upstream to downstream, while two catchments exhibited increasing nitrate and decreasing DOC. These smooth gradients did not reflect a longitudinal land‐use gradient, but rather an increase in the proportion of groundwater inflows when moving downstream, as suggested by the chemical proxies and punctual discharge measurements. Water chemistry also changed abruptly at confluences, at a farm point source and at a localized groundwater inflow zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) experience disproportionately high burdens of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)-associated anal cancers. Recent focus has shifted to anorectal cancer prevention through high-resolution anoscopy (HRA); however, little is known about sexual minority men's perceptions, attitudes, or beliefs regarding HRA. We conducted 4 qualitative Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) (n = 15) with sexual minority men, focusing on their beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions of undergoing HRA. Participants discussed their experiences of HPV/HRA as influenced by both their gender and sexuality, including unawareness of HPV disease as a male health issue, challenges relating to female-oriented HPV/HRA language, conception of HPV/HRA as related to prostate health, and connecting their sexual behavior identification as "bottoms" to their need for HRA. As efforts to improve HRA knowledge, access, and uptake among sexual and gender minority communities increase, special attention should be paid to language and messaging choices around HRA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an optimized compact reconstruction weighted essentially non‐oscillatory scheme without dissipation errors (OCRWENO‐LD) for solving advection problems. The construction procedure of this optimized scheme without dissipation errors is as follows: (1) We first design a high‐order compact difference scheme with four general weights connecting four low‐order compact stencils. The four general weights are determined by applying the Taylor series expansions. (2) These general weights are optimized to the new weights which are derived from the WENO concept and modified wavenumber approach. (3) No dissipation errors are found for the developed OCRWENO‐LD scheme through Fourier analysis. The proposed high‐resolution scheme demonstrates its capability in exhibiting high‐accuracy in smooth regions and avoiding numerical oscillation near discontinuities when simulating the wave equation, Burgers' equation, one‐dimensional Euler equation, porous medium equation, and convection–diffusion Buckley–Leverett equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional zones are the basic units of cities and the mapping work is fundamental to urban management, investigation, and research. The existing urban functional zone (UFZ) mapping methods usually utilize visual features from high spatial resolution optical images, and focus on two-dimensional image features, such as texture and landscape. However, UFZ is a comprehensive concept including geographical, social, and economic aspects. Therefore, it is reasonable to simultaneously take into account the characteristics of both human activities and image visual features for its accurate interpretation. Multi-view optical satellite images can delineate the physical characteristics of a city, i.e., 3D structures; on the other hand, high spatial resolution nighttime light images are important signals of human activities. These two data sources can be complementary in representing urban landscapes. However, to our knowledge, in the current literature, neither multi-view images nor high spatial resolution nighttime light images have been used for UFZ mapping, and it is poorly understood whether their individual or combined use can achieve satisfactory results. Therefore, in this study, a daytime and nighttime data fusion method, that is, the fusion of daytime multi-view optical images (Ziyuan3-01, 2.1 m) and high spatial resolution nighttime light images (Jilin1-07, 0.92 m), was proposed for UFZ mapping. In particular, a building enhanced nighttime light index (BENI) was proposed to improve the ability of the nighttime light images in discriminating between different functional zones. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments were conducted in two megacities of China, i.e., Beijing and Wuhan. Our results indicated that: 1) an OA of ~80% was obtained by the spectral based method; 2) the addition of multi-view features led to ~84% OA, an increment of 4% compared with the spectral features; and 3) the inclusion of nighttime features achieved 85–90% OA, which further improved the OA of daytime features by 1–6%. It was also shown that the proposed BENI was superior to the original nighttime light brightness in identifying functional zones. In general, this study verified the effectiveness and complementarity of daytime (including multispectral and multi-view images) and nighttime images in UFZ mapping, and provided new thoughts for day and night data fusion and urban mapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high‐resolution integral imaging 3D display system without color moiré pattern and graininess is proposed. The system consists of a 2D display, a micro‐lens array, a holographic diffuser, and a transmissive mirror device. The experimental results prove the feasibility of the proposed system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high-resolution climate projections dataset is obtained by statistically downscaling climate projections from the CMIP5 experiment using the ERA5 reanalysis from the Copernicus Climate Change Service. This global dataset has a spatial resolution of 0.25°x 0.25°, comprises 21 climate models and includes 5 surface daily variables at monthly resolution: air temperature (mean, minimum, and maximum), precipitation, and mean near-surface wind speed. Two greenhouse gas emissions scenarios are available: one with mitigation policy (RCP4.5) and one without mitigation (RCP8.5). The downscaling method is a Quantile Mapping method (QM) called the Cumulative Distribution Function transform (CDF-t) method that was first used for wind values and is now referenced in dozens of peer-reviewed publications. The data processing includes quality control of metadata according to the climate modeling community standards and value checking for outlier detection.