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This study examined individuals' physiological and cognitive responses to different types of emotionally experienced content located in obesity prevention fear appeals. Results suggested that experienced valence impacted individuals' attention and memory as a function of experienced arousal level. Local content that created coactive highly arousing experiences received the most attention, though visual recognition suggested these messages were more difficult to encode. Local content that created negative moderately arousing experiences was best encoded. Global message evaluation data suggest that moderately arousing messages with a change in experienced valence may prove to be most effective, as they ensure attention and good memory while keeping high self-reported interest, and a high level of perceived severity of obesity. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the processing of primary biologically motivating content commonly found in popular music videos—sex and violence—from a motivated cognition perspective (Lang, 2006, 2009). Participants (N = 68) were presented with music videos containing different combinations of primary biologically motivating content (i.e., sex, violence, both, neither). Secondary task reaction times were used to index resources available for encoding and a visual recognition task was applied to measure memory. The results indicate that music videos that contained both sex and violence provided the most engaging and memorable experiences, potentially even flow experiences. Implications for processing these types of information in these ways are discussed and future research is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A highly sensitive method for the detection of 6-mercaptopurine (MP) by resonance Rayleigh light scattering (RLS) method was developed. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized by a modified seed method and characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). AuNPs were bound to MP via covalent bonding to form the MP-AuNPs complex, which increased the RLS intensity of MP at 347 nm (increased by 65.7%). Under optimum conditions, the magnitude of the enhanced RLS intensity for MP-AuNPs was proportional to MP concentration in the range 0.0681-1.702 μg mL−1. The linear regression equation was represented as follows: Δ I RLS = 9.31 + 82.42 c ( r = 0.9948). The limit of detection (LOD, 3σ) was 3.32 ng mL−1. The system was applied successfully to detect MP in pharmaceuticals. MP recoveries were 99.9-101.7% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) ( n = 5) of 0.59-0.77% for three synthetic samples, and 97.5-110.0% with an RSD of 0.98-2.10% ( n = 5) for tablet samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been a popular practice among corporations. However, the mechanism and effectiveness of environmental CSR in affecting corporate–public communication are still unclear. Against the theoretical backdrop of the ‘halo effect’ and through a controlled experiment with 742 participants from Hong Kong and mainland China, we find that: if a company’s environmental CSR activity receives higher support from the consumers, it is less likely for consumers to avoid advertisements endorsed by the company. The CSR green halo effect therefore exists. Moreover, consumers’ nationality and their three preexisting attitudes (general environmental CSR support, environmental beliefs, and favorability of products’ country of origin) are important moderators of the green halo effect and need to be considered in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The concentrations, homologue, and congener profiles, as well as the gas/particle distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs), chlorobenzenes (CBzs), chlorophenols (CPhs), and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from stack gas of two different municipal solid waste incinerators in China, were characterized. The incinerators were a stoker furnace incinerator equipped with the advanced air pollution control device (APCD) and a common circulating fluidized bed (CFB) furnace. The concentration of PCDD/Fs in the stack gas of the stoker incinerator ranged 0.011-0.109 ng international toxic equivalent factor (I-TEQ)/Nm and was below the current limit for PCDD/F emissions from the municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) in China (0.1 ng I-TEQ/Nm) in most of the cases. Moreover, the concentration of PCDD/Fs in the stack gas of the stoker incinerator was significantly lower than that of the CFB incinerator (0.734 to 24.6 ng I-TEQ/Nm). In both incinerators, the majority of the total PCDD/F emissions (above 90%) ended up in the gas phase. 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, which occupied 24.3-43.6 and 32.5-75.6% of I-TEQ contribution in MSWIs A and B, respectively, was the most abundant congener. However, different types of incinerators and APCDs induced different congener and homologue distributions. The total concentration of CBzs from the stoker incinerator (0.05-3.2 μg/Nm) was also much lower than that formed from the CFB incinerator (10.9-75.2 μg/Nm). The phase distribution of CBzs followed the same pattern as with the PCDD/Fs. Moreover, the emission level of CBz was 100-1000 times higher than that of the PCDD/Fs, which determines the applicability of CBzs as indicators of PCDD/F emissions. High correlations between the emission concentrations of PCDD/Fs, TeCBz, and PCBz in specific ranges were revealed. Furthermore, high concentrations of CPhs (0.6-141.0 μg/Nm) and PAHs (148.6-4986.5 μg/Nm) were detected in the stack gases of MSWI B. In some cases, the concentrations were as high as the concentrations in the fumes exiting the boiler of one foreign stoker without flue gas purification indicating the abundance of CPh and PAH emissions in the stack gas of waste incinerators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crystalline poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) is an emergent effective sizing agent for carbon fiber (CF) for use in CF/PEEK composites. Soluble PEEK with the ability to recover crystallinity via simple acidification was synthesized and grafted on carbon nanotube for the first time to enhance the effectiveness and thermomechanical integrity of the based sizing, to achieve a higher level of chemical resistance and interfacial enhancement. CNT-filled, acidified-CNT-filled, and PEEK-grafted-CNT-filled sizing compounds were synthesized and coated on to CF. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to analyze the products of chemical synthesis, whereas X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to assess the grafting reaction. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to assess the morphology of the unsized and sized CF, and a microbond test was used to evaluate the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the sizing. As a result, the CF/PEEK composites achieved the highest ever reported IFSS, with values of 101.4 MPa and 103.4 MPa in the acidified-CNT and PEEK-grafted-CNT samples, respectively. It is noted that the PEEK-grafted-CNT sample also exhibited greater solvent resistance due to closer interfacial distance, and an IFSS retention rate of 80%–90% in various polar and non-polar solvents. The successful application of nano-reinforcement in a CF interfacial sizing and the development of the PEEK grafting on CNT possesses an expanded application potential for CF/PEEK composites. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red deer (Cervus elaphus/hanglu/canadensis) are a group of closely-related species that survived through the Last Glacial period in Eurasia and expanded into North America. The evolutionary modes of red deer in Europe through glacial and interglacial cycles have been established relatively well based on both modern and ancient genomes, while the evolutionary and migratory history of red deer in Asia are not so clear. Northern China, as the southern border of their current distribution, is a significant area for exploring the evolution of wapitoids (Cervus canadensis). Here, we constructed six mitochondrial genomes (lengths of 13,282–16,306 bp) from Late Pleistocene fossil cervid materials in Northeastern China, and four modern complete mitochondrial DNA sequences (16,798–16943 bp) from Northern China. Phylogenetic analyses suggest four clades in wapitoids, with our new individuals clustered into three out of the four clades. BEAST analysis indicates that the divergence between elaphoids (including Cervus elaphus and Cervus hanglu) and the complex of 'wapitoids + sika deer (Cervus nippon)' occurred at approximately 1.37 million years ago (Ma, 95%Cl: 1.64–1.15 Ma). Bayesian skyline plots (BSPs) show that the effective maternal population size of wapitoids had a slight and stable expansion between Marine isotope stages (MIS) 7–3, and then shrank from the beginning of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Combined with the divergence dates, population dynamics, and fossil findings in Northern China, we infer that after wapitoids migrated eastward from Central Asia to Northeastern Asia, they had multiple migrations southward into Northern China. The current distribution of wapitoids in Northern China was likely shaped by these migrations as well as habitat fragmentation. Meanwhile, the radiocarbon dates of ancient individuals indicate that the Northeast China Plain, located at the same latitude as European refugia, may have provided a refugium for megafaunal species such as red deer to survive the LGM. • First combined sampling of both ancient and extant mitogenomes of wapitoids in China. • Demonstrating habitat fragmentation or multiple migratory events of wapitoids in Northern China. • Indicating a possible refuge for megafauna species in Northeastern China in LGM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HER2 is a proto-oncogene frequently amplified in human breast cancer, its overexpression is correlated with tamoxifen resistance and decreased recurrence-free survival. Arenobufagin and bufalin are homogeneous bufadienolides of cardiac glycosides agents. In this research, we studied the effects of arenobufagin and bufalin on cellular survival and proliferation of HER2 overexpressing breast cancer cells and the mechanism under the results including the direct effect on HER2 downstream pathways. Our results showed that arenobufagin and bufalin could significantly inhibit the proliferation and survival of HER2 overexpressing breast cancer cells, along with the declination of SRC-1, SRC-3, nuclear transcription factor E2F1, phosphorylated AKT, and ERK. And the combination of each bufadienolide in low dose with tamoxifen could significantly enhance the inhibitory effect of tamoxifen on HER2 overexpressing breast cancer cells. All above suggest that arenobufagin and bufalin may be potential therapy adjuvants for HER2 overexpressing breast cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]