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Stability relationships between Al-goethite, Al-hematite, boehmite and gibbsite are presented in terms of water activity [H 2 O], temperature ( T ), grain size and bulk-composition in the system Fe 2 O 3 -Al 2 O 3 -H 2 O at a total pressure of 1 bar. Al-goethite and Al-hematite are treated as ideal solid solutions, the former of the end-members FeOOH (goethite) and AlOOH (diaspore) and the latter of the end-members Fe 2 O 3 (hematite) and Al 2 O 3 (corundum). Using log K sp provided by the literature for the various phases involved, the common associations observed in laterites, bauxites and ferricretes do not have stability fields over geologically reasonable intervals of [H 2 O] and T . Consequently a new internally consistent set of log K sp values is proposed and used, and allows such associations to have actual stability fields in the appropriate diagrams. The new log K sp values used in the calculations are such that the solubilities of the end members are greater than those commonly listed. This is in agreement with natural observations which show that such minerals, are generally poorly crystallized and of very small size. The assumption of an ideal solid solution in aluminous goethite and aluminous hematite combined with the new log K sp values leads to prediction of composition limits for these two minerals which agree well with observed values. The fact that an ideal solid solution must extend continuously from one end-member to the other is masked by the appearance of other stability fields ( e.g. gibbsite or boehmite) which cross and overlap a part of the solid solution stability fields of AlOOH-FeOOH and Fe 2 O 3 -Al 2 O 3 .

Allogeneic bone marrow grafts carried out after previous administration of antilymphocytic serum alone were attempted in 16 patients. Of these, six had acute myeloblastic leukaemia, four acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and one a blast cell crisis in polycythaemia vera. Ten of these patients were in an overt phase of the disease and resistant to chemotherapy, while nine had complete agranulocytosis. In five of these patients erythrocyte and leucocyte antigenic markers demonstrated the establishment of the graft. One patient had thalassaemia major, and four others had aplasia of the bone marrow, in one case due to chloramphenicol poisoning and in another to virus hepatitis. The grafts were successful in the last two patients and transformed their clinical condition.No signs of early acute secondary disease were noted in any of the patients, either when the donor had been given antilymphocytic serum or when he was untreated. The grafts had no adoptive immunotherapeutic effect on the acute leukaemia. These observations have clearly shown that antilymphocytic serum has an immunosuppressive effect in man when it is used alone.

International audience; In southern Hodna, an arid region of Algeria, the extension of irrigated agriculture and overexploitation of groundwaters have led to a rupture with traditional land use by pastoralism. Due to the arid conditions, ground-waters are the only water resources for man and irrigation. This study focuses on nitrate contamination of groundwa-ters and its increase since the last 40 years, on the basis of two archives and recent analyses. The chemical facies of waters is sulphate-chloride, the risk of salinity is moderate to large. The sodicity risk, as estimated by the SAR, is low due to the large salinity and the sandy soil texture. Nitrate contamination of deep groundwater is a clear evidence when recent data are compared to the historical data. From 1996 to 2008, the proportion of samples with NO 3-concentrations larger than 50 mg/L increases from 24 to 61 %, the proportion of samples with NO 3-concentrations larger than 100 mg/L increases from 12 to 27 %. The study points at a general contamination of aquifers from anthropic origin: phreatic water was already contaminated when pas-toralism was dominant (1967); as population increased and irrigation agriculture developed with large use of N-fertilizers and organic amendments, contamination extended spatially and vertically to deep aquifer. To remediate this contamination, fertilizers should be fractionated and limited to plant requirements on the basis of soil and plant analyses. Excess of irrigation should be avoided. Soil surface should be continuously covered to prevent nitrate leaching. Secondly, more efficient irrigation techniques, such as localized irrigation, should be implemented, with adaptation of crop systems and fertilizer inputs to arid conditions. Farmers should then be trained; simultaneously, local agronomic references that are presently lacking should be acquired.

The present work is based on a published calorimetric method for the determination of the specific surface area of minerals, especially quartz. These previously obtained calorimetric data have been used here to show the variation in thermodynamic properties of adsorbed water at different prints along the adsorption isotherm of water on quartz. A solid solution type model allows the extrapolation of this isotherm to the region near the saturation point and also to very low partial water vapour pressures., Dans un travail récent, une méthode calorimétrique a été utilisée pour déterminer la surface spécifique des minéraux et notamment du quartz. Les données calorimétriques ainsi obtenues ont été utilisées dans le présent travail pour calculer les fonctions thermodynamiques de l'eau adsorbée à la surface du quartz. Une expression analogue à celle des solutions solides est utilisée pour décrire l'isotherme d'adsorption et pour permettre son extrapolation au voisinage de la saturation, ainsi qu'au voisinage des très faibles pressions partielles de vapeur d'eau., Trolard Fabienne, Valles Vincent, Partyka Stanislas, Tardy Yves. Propriétés thermodynamiques de l'eau adsorbée à la surface du quartz. In: Bulletin de Minéralogie, volume 109, 3, 1986. pp. 199-218.

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L’objectif de ce travail est de tester expérimentalement l’effet de la ventilation des litières sur le devenir de l’azote, dans un élevage intensif porcin. L’élevage sur litière permet de composter les déjections et l’aération des litières permet de contrôler le régime thermohydrique. Deux systèmes de ventilation de litière (ascendante et descendante) sont testés par rapport à un système témoin sans ventilation, sur une période de 65 jours correspondant à deux bandes d’engraissement réduites (25 à 60 kg). Des bilans d’azote détaillés sont réalisés et la fraction de gaz émis sous forme N2 est évaluée par défaut. Selon les systèmes : ventilation ascendante, descendante et témoin, l’élevage sur litière de sciure permet d’éliminer l’azote du compost sous forme N2 avec une efficacité respectivement de 44, 53 et 74 ± 13 % de l’azote des déjections. L’efficacité moindre des systèmes ventilés vient de l’apport d’oxygène par la ventilation. L’azote est accumulé dans la litière principalement sous forme organique. Cette forme représente respectivement 19, 27 et 6 % ± 1,5 de l’azote des déjections selon les systèmes. Seuls les systèmes ventilés accumulent des nitrates (3-7 %). Quel que soit le système, environ 30 % de l’azote des déjections est éliminé sous forme de gaz N 3H et N2O. Le rapport NH3/N2O est de 1,3 pour le témoin non ventilé et pour la ventilation descendante, et de 1,7 pour la ventilation ascendante. (© Inra/Elsevier, Paris.), This study aims at testing experimentally the effect of aeration of litter in intensive pig units on nitrogen budget and the nature of nitrogen gaseous emissions. Rearing animals on deep litter provides treatment of these manures at an early stage by composting and aeration of litter could offer a method of controlling the compost temperature and water content. Two aeration systems for the litter (upflow and downflow) were checked against a control system without aeration, over a period of 65 days corresponding to two shortened fattening periods (25-60 kg). Detailed nitrogen balances were obtained, and uncertainties estimated, from which the N2 fraction was evaluated by difference. Rearing animals on sawdust litter enables the removal of nitrogen from the compost as N2 with efficiencies of 44, 53 and 74 ± 13 %, respectively, of total nitrogen excreted for each of the three systems: upflow aeration, downflow aeration and control. The smaller efficiencies of aerated systems with respect to the control are due to the supply of oxygen by aeration. Nitrogen accumulated in the litter is mainly under organic form, and amounts to 19, 27 and 6 ± 1.5 %, respecively, of the nitrogen content of the manure for the three systems. Nitrates only accumulate in the aerated systems (3-7 %). Irrespective of the system, about 30 % of the total nitrogen in the manure was removed as gases N3H and N2O. The NH3/N2O ratio is 1.3 for the control and downflow aeration as opposed to 1.7 for upflow aeration. (© Inra/Elsevier, Paris.)

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Table S1. Conditions and associated ICD9/10-CM Diagnosis or procedure codes. (PDF 32 kb)

Table S3. Medication names used in identifying types of diabetes prescriptions. (PDF 8 kb)

Table S2. Procedures, Visits, and Laboratory tests and associated CPT codes. (PDF 14 kb)

International audience; Rice cultivation under submerged conditions results in a very dynamic system and quick changes in physico-chemical properties can be observed. It is very important to examine the short term dynamics of physico-chemical properties of soil waters at different phenological stages to understand the long term changes in rice culture system. The objective of this study was to observe the possible relation between plant physiological activities and physico-chemical properties in the soil waters at various phenological stages of rice. Samples of surface water layers (LS) and soil solutions (SS) from rice field were collected with modified and improved methods to determine the non-stable parameters (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), temperature and redox potentials), concentrations of major elements, alkalinity and dissolve organic carbon (DOC). Sampling was carried out during a complete day at two different phenological stages. It was observed that rhizospheric activity under the influence of atmospheric conditions (temperatures and light intensity) produced the diurnal patterns of various physico-chemical parameters in SS due to sudden absorption of some elements during particular hours. These diurnal patterns were more visible at vegetative stage as compared to reproductive stage. Furthermore, it was noticed that continuous absorption during the vegetative stage resulted in lower concentrations of major cations and anions in SS at reproductive stage. A strong correlation (R-2 value above 90) was observed among EC and major cations and anions.

Table S3. Medication names used in identifying types of diabetes prescriptions. (PDF 8 kb)

Cet article propose un modèle thermodynamique, basé sur un équilibre idéal solide-solution, pour le système Fe2O3-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O prenant en compte les activités de l'eau et de la silice. Le modèle permet de calculer la quantité des phases présentes, les pourcentages de substitution en Al et Fe pour la geothite, l'hématite, la Kaolinite ainsi que la stabilité des phases sous différentes conditions.

* INRA Centre d'Avignon, Documentation, Domaine St Paul, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon cedex 9 Diffusion du document : INRA Centre d'Avignon, Documentation, Domaine St Paul, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon cedex 9; National audience

Table S1. Conditions and associated ICD9/10-CM Diagnosis or procedure codes. (PDF 32 kb)

International audience

Table S2. Procedures, Visits, and Laboratory tests and associated CPT codes. (PDF 14 kb)