211 results on '"Robert-Gangneux, Florence"'
Search Results
202. Molecular diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia in immunocompromised patients.
- Author
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Guegan H and Robert-Gangneux F
- Subjects
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid microbiology, Coinfection, Disease Management, HIV Infections complications, Humans, Opportunistic Infections, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Immunocompromised Host, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques methods, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques standards, Pneumocystis carinii, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis diagnosis, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis etiology
- Abstract
Purpose of Review: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a frequent opportunistic infection associated with a high mortality rate. PCP is of increasing importance in non-HIV immunocompromised patients, who present with severe respiratory distress with low fungal loads. Molecular detection of Pneumocystis in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) has become an important diagnostic tool, but quantitative PCR (qPCR) needs standardization., Recent Findings: Despite a high negative predictive value, the positive predictive value of qPCR is moderate, as it also detects colonized patients. Attempts are made to set a cut-off value of qPCR to discriminate between PCP and colonization, or to use noninvasive samples or combined strategies to increase specificity., Summary: It is easy to set a qPCR cut-off for HIV-infected patients. In non-HIV IC patients, a gain in specificity could be obtained by combining strategies, that is, qPCR on BAL and a noninvasive sample, or qPCR and serum beta-1,3-D-glucan dosage.
- Published
- 2019
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203. Treatment of toxoplasmosis: Current options and future perspectives.
- Author
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Konstantinovic N, Guegan H, Stäjner T, Belaz S, and Robert-Gangneux F
- Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide parasitic disease infecting about one third of humans, with possible severe outcomes in neonates and immunocompromised patients. Despite continuous and successful efforts to improve diagnosis, therapeutic schemes have barely evolved since many years. This article aims at reviewing the main clinical trials and current treatment practices, and at addressing future perspectives in the light of ongoing researches., (© 2019 The Authors.)
- Published
- 2019
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204. Toxoplasmosis in Transplant Recipients, Europe, 2010-2014.
- Author
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Robert-Gangneux F, Meroni V, Dupont D, Botterel F, Garcia JMA, Brenier-Pinchart MP, Accoceberry I, Akan H, Abbate I, Boggian K, Bruschi F, Carratalà J, David M, Drgona L, Djurković-Djaković O, Farinas MC, Genco F, Gkrania-Klotsas E, Groll AH, Guy E, Hirzel C, Khanna N, Kurt Ö, Junie LM, Lazzarotto T, Len O, Mueller NJ, Munoz P, Pana ZD, Roilides E, Stajner T, van Delden C, Villena I, Pelloux H, and Manuel O
- Subjects
- Adult, Europe epidemiology, Humans, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Transplant Recipients, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation adverse effects, Organ Transplantation adverse effects, Toxoplasmosis epidemiology, Toxoplasmosis etiology
- Abstract
Transplantation activity is increasing, leading to a growing number of patients at risk for toxoplasmosis. We reviewed toxoplasmosis prevention practices, prevalence, and outcomes for hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and solid organ transplant (SOT; heart, kidney, or liver) patients in Europe. We collected electronic data on the transplant population and prevention guidelines/regulations and clinical data on toxoplasmosis cases diagnosed during 2010-2014. Serologic pretransplant screening of allo-hematopoietic stem cell donors was performed in 80% of countries, screening of organ donors in 100%. SOT recipients were systematically screened in 6 countries. Targeted anti-Toxoplasma chemoprophylaxis was heterogeneous. A total of 87 toxoplasmosis cases were recorded (58 allo-HSCTs, 29 SOTs). The 6-month survival rate was lower among Toxoplasma-seropositive recipients and among allo-hematopoietic stem cell and liver recipients. Chemoprophylaxis improved outcomes for SOT recipients. Toxoplasmosis remains associated with high mortality rates among transplant recipients. Guidelines are urgently needed to standardize prophylactic regimens and optimize patient management.
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- 2018
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205. Comparison of three commercial multiplex PCR assays for the diagnosis of intestinal protozoa.
- Author
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Autier B, Belaz S, Razakandrainibe R, Gangneux JP, and Robert-Gangneux F
- Subjects
- Biological Assay, Cryptosporidiosis diagnosis, Cryptosporidiosis parasitology, Cryptosporidium genetics, Cryptosporidium isolation & purification, Cryptosporidium parvum genetics, Cryptosporidium parvum isolation & purification, Entamoeba histolytica genetics, Entamoeba histolytica isolation & purification, Entamoebiasis diagnosis, Entamoebiasis parasitology, Feces parasitology, Giardia lamblia genetics, Giardia lamblia isolation & purification, Giardiasis diagnosis, Giardiasis parasitology, Humans, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic parasitology, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques instrumentation, Prospective Studies, Protozoan Infections parasitology, Reagent Kits, Diagnostic, Sensitivity and Specificity, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic diagnosis, Intestines parasitology, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques methods, Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Protozoan Infections diagnosis
- Abstract
Although microscopic examination of stool samples remains the reference method for the diagnosis of intestinal protozoal infections, these techniques are time-consuming and require operators who are experienced and well trained. Molecular biology seems to offer performances at least equivalent in terms of sensitivity and specificity for certain parasites. This study aimed to compare three multiplex PCR assays on 93 prospectively collected positive stools (prospective cohort) and a panel of 12 more Cryptosporidium-positive samples (Cryptosporidium panel). On the prospective cohort, the sensitivity was 89%, 64% and 41% for Giardia sp. detection for BD Max
TM , G-DiaParaTM and RIDA® GENE, respectively and 75%, 100% and 100% for C. parvum/hominis detection. The sensitivity of the RIDA® GENE assay for all Cryptosporidium species was 100%, and for D. fragilis 71%. All the techniques obtained the same results for E. histolytica detection, with one positive sample. All species in the Cryptosporidium panel were identified by the RIDA® GENE PCR. The BD MaxTM and G-DiaParaTM assays detected only C. parvum/hominis with the exception of one positive sample for C. meleagridis. No assay showed satisfactory results for all parasites simultaneously, and the DNA extraction seems to be the critical step. More studies are needed to standardize this procedure., (© B. Autier et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2018.)- Published
- 2018
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206. Presence of Leishmania RNA Virus 1 in Leishmania guyanensis Increases the Risk of First-Line Treatment Failure and Symptomatic Relapse.
- Author
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Bourreau E, Ginouves M, Prévot G, Hartley MA, Gangneux JP, Robert-Gangneux F, Dufour J, Sainte-Marie D, Bertolotti A, Pratlong F, Martin R, Schütz F, Couppié P, Fasel N, and Ronet C
- Subjects
- Adult, Antiprotozoal Agents therapeutic use, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous epidemiology, Male, Pentamidine pharmacology, Pentamidine therapeutic use, Recurrence, Treatment Failure, Antiprotozoal Agents pharmacology, Leishmania guyanensis drug effects, Leishmania guyanensis virology, Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous drug therapy, Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous virology, Leishmaniavirus
- Abstract
Treatment failure and symptomatic relapse are major concerns in American tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL). Such complications are seen frequently in Leishmania guyanensis infections, in which patients respond variously to first-line antileishmanials and are more prone to develop chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis. The factors underlying this pathology, however, are unknown. Recently, we reported that a double-stranded RNA virus, Leishmania RNA virus 1 (LRV1), nested within L. guyanensis parasites is able to exacerbate experimental murine leishmaniasis by inducing a hyperinflammatory response. This report investigates the prevalence of LRV1 in human L. guyanensis infection and its effect on treatment efficacy, as well as its correlation to symptomatic relapses after the completion of first-line treatment. In our cohort of 75 patients with a diagnosis of primary localized American TL, the prevalence of LRV1-positive L. guyanensis infection was elevated to 58%. All patients infected with LRV1-negative L. guyanensis were cured after 1 dose (22 of 31 [71%]) or 2 doses (31 of 31 [100%]) of pentamidine. In contrast, 12 of 44 LRV1-positive patients (27%) presented with persistent infection and symptomatic relapse that required extended therapy and the use of second-line drugs. Finally, LRV1 presence was associated with a significant increase in levels of intra-lesional inflammatory markers. In conclusion, LRV1 status in L. guyanensis infection is significantly predictive (P = .0009) of first-line treatment failure and symptomatic relapse and has the potential to guide therapeutic choices in American TL., (© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2016
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207. Identification, biochemical characterization, and in-vivo expression of the intracellular invertase BfrA from the pathogenic parasite Leishmania major.
- Author
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Belaz S, Rattier T, Lafite P, Moreau P, Routier FH, Robert-Gangneux F, Gangneux JP, and Daniellou R
- Subjects
- Animals, Escherichia coli, Insecta parasitology, Leishmania braziliensis metabolism, Leishmania donovani metabolism, Leishmania major metabolism, Models, Molecular, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Sucrose metabolism, beta-Fructofuranosidase genetics, beta-Fructofuranosidase isolation & purification, Leishmania major enzymology, RNA, Messenger metabolism, beta-Fructofuranosidase chemistry, beta-Fructofuranosidase metabolism
- Abstract
The parasitic life cycle of Leishmania includes an extracellular promastigote stage that occurs in the gut of the insect vector. During that period, the sucrose metabolism and more specifically the first glycosidase of this pathway are essential for growth and survival of the parasite. We investigated the expression of the invertase BfrA in the promastigote and amastigote stages of three parasite species representative of the three various clinical forms and of various geographical areas, namely Leishmania major, L. donovani and L. braziliensis. Thereafter, we cloned, overexpressed and biochemically characterized this invertase BfrA from L. major, heterologously expressed in both Escherichia coli and L. tarentolae. For all species, expression levels of BfrA mRNA were correlated to the time of the culture and the parasitic stage (promastigotes > amastigotes). BfrA exhibited no activity when expressed as a glycoprotein in L. tarentolae but proved to be an invertase when not glycosylated, yet owing low sequence homology with other invertases from the same family. Our data suggest that BfrA is an original invertase that is located inside the parasite. It is expressed in both parasitic stages, though to a higher extent in promastigotes. This work provides new insight into the parasite sucrose metabolism., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
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208. Tungiasis Outbreak in Travelers From Madagascar.
- Author
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Belaz S, Gay E, Robert-Gangneux F, Beaucournu JC, and Guiguen C
- Subjects
- Aged, Animals, Disease Management, Female, France epidemiology, Humans, Madagascar epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Needs Assessment, Preventive Health Services methods, Protective Clothing, Surveys and Questionnaires, Bites and Stings etiology, Bites and Stings therapy, Disease Outbreaks prevention & control, Toes parasitology, Toes pathology, Travel, Tunga pathogenicity, Tungiasis diagnosis, Tungiasis etiology, Tungiasis physiopathology, Tungiasis therapy
- Abstract
Seven patients from a group of 16 travelers were diagnosed at our institution with one or more sand fleas on their toes, 1 day to 3 weeks after returning from Madagascar. A questionnaire was sent to the whole group to collect clinical and epidemiological information, which showed that 9 of 13 (69%) had received pre-travel medical advice, but none were aware of sand flea; thus prevention measures were rarely applied. Five of seven (71%) patients wore open sandals throughout the trip. Overall, 10 sand fleas were extracted., (© 2015 International Society of Travel Medicine.)
- Published
- 2015
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209. The placenta: a main role in congenital toxoplasmosis?
- Author
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Robert-Gangneux F, Murat JB, Fricker-Hidalgo H, Brenier-Pinchart MP, Gangneux JP, and Pelloux H
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- Animals, Antiparasitic Agents therapeutic use, Female, Fetus parasitology, Humans, Mice, Parasite Load, Predictive Value of Tests, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic diagnosis, Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic drug therapy, Toxoplasma physiology, Toxoplasmosis drug therapy, Toxoplasmosis parasitology, Toxoplasmosis, Congenital parasitology, Toxoplasmosis, Congenital prevention & control, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Placenta parasitology, Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic parasitology, Toxoplasma isolation & purification, Toxoplasmosis transmission, Toxoplasmosis, Congenital etiology
- Abstract
Systemic infections, such as toxoplasmosis, acquired during pregnancy can lead to placental infection and have profound effects on the mother-to-child relationship and the success of pregnancy. Placental permeability to Toxoplasma gondii is a main parameter that determines parasite transmission to the foetus, and the use of antibiotics to decrease placental parasite load and prevent congenital toxoplasmosis has been suggested for decades. Although parasitological examination of the placenta at birth is commonly used to diagnose neonatal congenital toxoplasmosis, this approach can be controversial. Here we argue in favour of placental examination for both diagnostic and epidemiological purposes., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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210. Synthetic UDP-furanoses inhibit the growth of the parasite Leishmania.
- Author
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Dureau R, Robert-Gangneux F, Gangneux JP, Nugier-Chauvin C, Legentil L, Daniellou R, and Ferrières V
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- Animals, Antiprotozoal Agents chemistry, Pentoses chemistry, Antiprotozoal Agents chemical synthesis, Antiprotozoal Agents pharmacology, Leishmania donovani drug effects, Leishmania donovani growth & development, Pentoses chemical synthesis, Pentoses pharmacology, Uridine Diphosphate chemistry
- Abstract
The chemical synthesis of UDP-6-NHAc-6-deoxy-Galf was performed and it led to the isolation of both pure anomers. They were then evaluated together with the previously prepared UDP-furanoses for their anti-parasitic properties against Leishmania donovani promastigotes, one of the agents responsible for visceral leishmaniasis. Amongst them, the unnatural 1,2-trans UDP-6-NHAc-Galf demonstrated a high potency in inhibiting the growth of the parasite., (Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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211. Bacterial and fungal counts in hospital air: comparative yields for 4 sieve impactor air samplers with 2 culture media.
- Author
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Gangneux JP, Robert-Gangneux F, Gicquel G, Tanquerel JJ, Chevrier S, Poisson M, Aupée M, and Guiguen C
- Subjects
- Air, Bacteriological Techniques, Colony Count, Microbial, Hospitals, Air Microbiology, Air Pollution, Indoor analysis, Bacteria isolation & purification, Culture Media chemistry, Fungi isolation & purification
- Abstract
We compared the yields of 4 recently developed sieve impactor air samplers that meet international standard ISO 14698-1, using 2 growth media (tryptic soy agar and malt extract agar) in real conditions of use. Several hospital sites expected to have different densities of airborne microflora were selected in 2 hospitals. The Samplair MK2, Air Ideal, and Mas-100 samplers yielded higher bacterial counts than did the SAS Super-100 device (P<.05). No significant differences in fungal counts were noted between the 4 devices. The use of malt extract agar in addition to tryptic soy agar significantly improved the fungal yield.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
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