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The purpose of writing this paper. Through the in-depth understanding and value analysis of Mo Gao Grottoe at Dunhuang culture, as well as the analysis of the design of daily furniture — —according to hangers, the comparison of product types and the current situation of development, this paper tries to do a good job in the study of integrating Dunhuang cultural symbols with furniture design. How to write this paper. The first is to study the development of Dunhuang culture and the types of murals represented by Mogao Grottoes culture through historical literature exploration and research, and the second is to investigate and analyze the clothes hangers and compare the existing clothes hangers. Through these two methods, the shortcomings of existing hangers are found and the necessity of innovative design of hangers is put forward. The third is to integrate Dunhuang culture with clothes hanger through semiotics in order to better spread Dunhuang culture and let more people understand the depth of Chinese traditional culture. Fourth, through the method of computer-aided design, the product modeling, the determination of the scale, color collocation, design deliberation, refining and finally according to the semiotics and formal beauty law to come up with a computer-aided scheme. Write the conclusion of this paper. According to the interpretation and analysis of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes culture combined with the current situation of social shortcomings of clothes hangers, the two are combined by semiotics research method to help people understand the connotation of Chinese traditional culture in their daily life.

Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been introduced to and developed in China for environmental engineering over the most prosperous three decades (1990-2020). To study the origin, development process, and future trend of CWs, this review summarized a wide range of literatures between 1990 and 2020 by Chinese authors. Firstly, the publication number over years, research highlights, and the author contributions with the most published papers in this field were conducted through bibliometric analysis. Secondly, the most principal components of CWs, substrates and macrophytes were summarized and analyzed. Thirdly, the typical application cases from traditional CWs, pond systems to combined pond-wetland systems were presented. In China, CWs were predominately distributed in the east of the so-called 'Hu Huanyong Line'. Therefore CWs were limited by the socio-economic level and climatic conditions. It is unquestionable that the overall level of China's CWs has improved significantly, and one of the most prominent features has started towards the plural pattern development. There has been a trend of large-scale or low-cost CW application in the recent years. However, lifecycle research and management are required for better strategies in the future.

Veillonella species, known as the early colonizer of oral biofilm, are prevalent in oral microbiota. Seven Veillonella species have been isolated from oral cavity. Their distribution varies not only with different people but also with different sites in the oral cavity. Oral Veillonella are associated with oral diseases. They contribute to the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans and consume the lactate generated by streptococci. Veillonella species play an important role in the occurrence and development of periodontal diseases by providing adhesion sites for Porphyromonas gingivalis and boosting immune responses. The production of lipopolysaccharide and H2S is related to other oral diseases, such as pulpitis, periapical periodontitis, and halitosis. Several studies have been conducted on the relationship between Veillonella and oral diseases and the interaction between Veillonella and other pathological microorganisms, but limited knowledge is available at the molecular level. This article reviews the research progress in the relationship between Veillonella and oral infectious diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal diseases.韦荣球菌是口腔生物膜的早期定植菌之一，高丰度分布于口腔微生态中。目前在口腔中已检出7种韦荣球菌，其在不同部位、不同患者口腔中存在分布差异。近年来研究发现，韦荣球菌与口腔疾病的关系密切，韦荣球菌有助于变异链球菌的黏附且能分解链球菌代谢产生的乳酸，是被公认的致龋因素之一；韦荣球菌为牙龈卟啉单胞菌提供黏附位点，并可通过促进免疫反应参与牙周病的发生发展；韦荣球菌脂多糖的致病性及代谢产生H2S也与牙髓及根尖周病、口臭等相关。韦荣球菌与疾病的相关性已有研究进行阐释，与相关致病菌的作用机制也有一定进展，但其影响口腔疾病发生发展的分子机制仍不明确，本文就韦荣球菌与龋病、牙周病等口腔感染性疾病的研究进展作一综述。.

A new labdane-type diterpenoid, ent-19-ol-13-epi-manoyl oxide,19-undecane ester, together with ten known diterpenes, were isolated from the ethanolic crude extract of the fresh tubers of Sagittaria trifolia L. The chemical structures of these compounds were determined by extensive 2-D NMR experiments and by comparison with the data reported in the literature. These compounds showed different inhibitory effects on various human cancer cells. Among these, compound 11 exhibited potential inhibition effects against human colon cancer cells. Moreover, flow cytometry demonstrated that compound 11 arrested the cell cycle at the G1 phase and induced cellular apoptosis, accompanied by mitochondrial membrane potential reduction. Mechanistic studies revealed that treatment with compound 11 inhibited IKKα/β phosphorylation and IκBα phosphorylation, which subsequently caused the blockage of NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Compound 11 also inhibited the expression of c-Myc, Cyclin D1, and Bcl-2, the downstream targets of NF-κB. Therefore, our findings provided insight into the anticancer components of Sagittaria trifolia L. tubers, which could facilitate their utilization as functional food ingredients.

Methylmercury (MeHg) is one of the highly toxic and bio-accumulated forms of mercury. Its presence in wastewater treatment processes has been evidenced in recent studies. Considering its enrichment in sewage sludge and the ecological risk associated with its land application, this study investigated the fate of mercury and MeHg in full-scale anaerobic digestion combined with Cambi thermal hydrolysis based on one-year sampling. Results showed that the advanced anaerobic digestion could increase the total mercury (THg) content from 4.35 ± 0.43 mg/kg in raw sludge to 6.37 ± 1.05 mg/kg in digested sludge, and the MeHg content decreased from 1.61 to 8.94 ng/g in raw sludge to 0.21–2.03 ng/g after anaerobic digestion. The demethylation of MeHg was dominant in both thermal hydrolysis and anaerobic digestion; it was mostly derived from the physico-chemical impacts such as chemical decomposition in thermal hydrolysis and precipitation in anaerobic digestion. Although the reported microbial methylators, such as Methanosarcina and Clostridia, were dominant in anaerobic digestion, the relative abundances of hgcA and merA were relatively low and did not correlate with the MeHg profiles. Thus, microbial methylation or demethylation seems negligible in terms of MeHg transformation.

Mercury (Hg) contamination in mangrove ecosystems has received increasing attention in recent years. Although many studies have investigated methylmercury (MeHg) contamination and its relationship to a number of environmental factors in mangrove sediments, the production of MeHg in this carbon-rich ecosystem has not been fully evaluated. In this study, we measured the total mercury (THg) and MeHg concentrations in the sediments collected from seven mangrove forests in China. In addition, we examined the origin and quality of sedimentary organic matter (OM), trying to evaluate their influence on the MeHg accumulation in mangrove sediments. We found that litterfall played an important role in regulating THg and MeHg contents in mangrove sediments. THg and MeHg concentrations in the mangrove sediments were positively correlated to OM content and the labile fraction of the OM. Multiple evidence (stable carbon isotopes, monosaccharide compositions, and biogenic silica) suggested that OM in mangrove sediments was dominated by input from litterfall. THg and MeHg concentrations were elevated at the sediments with higher input of mangrove OM. We observed that addition of mangrove litter stimulated the production of MeHg under anaerobic conditions. Overall, our results suggested that litterfall acted as a source of inorganic Hg, labile carbon, and low-molecular-weight OM which greatly favor the Hg methylation. Our study provides new insights into the MeHg production in mangrove sediments.

Transparent electronic technology has many urgent optoelectronic device applications. A key component of plasmonic materials in conventional semiconductors is the wide band gap of oxide thin films. Although transparent electronic materials have been developed for visible and near-infrared wavelengths, systems incorporating mid-infrared and far-infrared spectra are difficult to achieve. In this study, hydrated magnesium-carbon films, a new type of non-oxide transparent conductive thin films with a magnesium hydroxide structure, were generated using the three-step method. After annealing treatment, larger crystals in the thin films typically exhibited superior film resistivity, with conductivity values of approximately 8.63 × 10−3 Ω m. Due to the free electron concentration was not more than 1020 cm−3, the films demonstrated excellent optical properties, with plasma wavelength values of approximately 8 μm for infrared transmittance above 70%. After annealing, due to the Moss-Burstein (M-B) effect, the visible light transmittance was greater than 85% and the optical bandgap shifted towards the blue region. In addition, the influences of the sputtering power of the carbon target on the properties of hydrated magnesium-carbon film were also discussed in this paper.

BACKGROUND This study investigated the in vivo prophylactic effect of probiotic chocolate on constipation. Rats were administered chocolate containing 2.5 × 1010 CFU g-1 of probiotics daily for 4 weeks and treated with loperamide (5 mg kg-1 ) daily at the fourth week of treatment. RESULTS Probiotic chocolate treatment significantly (P

Herpetospermum caudigerum (Ser.) Baillis is an endangered species found in high altitude regions of Tibet in China. In this work, its genetic diversity and genetic structure were investigated based on nuclear and chloroplast DNA. A total of 426 fragments were scored using 10 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) primer combinations, and from these, 256 fragments (60.7%) were polymorphic and could differentiate these populations. The dendrogram revealed that populations from different altitude have rich genetic diversities (Ht = 0.156, Hs = 0.111, Gst = 0.287 and Nm = 1.618). The averages of the number of alleles (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne), Nei’s genetic diversity (H) and Shannon’s index (I) were 1.352, 1.188, 0.111 and 0.168, respectively. In addition, 5 P03-trnL-trnF-300 haplotypes and 3 P02-trnL-trnF-396 haplotypes were identified among the 4 populations, and 7 haplotypes were identified based on the combined fragments. The non-coding region P03-trnL-trnF-300 exhibited higher polymorphisms with the number of haplotypes, the abundant haplotype (gene) diversity and the nucleotide diversity. Tajima’s test showed that all Tajima’s D values were statistically significant at P

The lithium-ion batteries retired from electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid EVs have been exponentially utilized in battery energy storage systems (BESSs) for 2nd use due to their economic and environmentally friendly benefits. Therefore, research on their aging mechanism and state of health (SOH) has attracted increasing amounts of attention across the world. However, few studies focus on optimizing the economic operation of BESSs that are built by retired batteries with various SOHs. This paper proposes an economic operation optimization method for BESSs comprised of retired batteries with different SOHs, which provides a way for the BESS to operate with new and retired battery systems (BSs) together. An operation cost model is put forward that considers the cost increase caused by aging. This method aims to minimize the operating cost in a time step based on the particle swarm optimization method. To validate the feasibility of the economic operation optimization method, a case was studied using a BESS consisting of four BSs with different SOHs under peak load shifting. Compared with the traditional method, which allocated power according to the available peak power of each BS, the proposed method has advantages in the scheduled number and cost.

This study involves an investigation of the probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Kimchi, and their potential applications in chocolate. Lactobacillus plantarum-LRCC5193 (LP-LRCC5193) demonstrated a significantly higher degree of heat, acid, and bile acid tolerance compared to other Kimchi isolates. The intestinal adhesion assay also revealed that 84.2 log percentage of LP-LRCC5193 adhered to the Caco-2 cells after 2 h of incubation. Furthermore, the lyophilized LP-LRCC5193 maintained 92.9 log percentage and 97.2 log percentage survival rate within artificial stomach juice (pH 2.5, pepsin 0.04%) and artificial intestinal juice (oxgall 0.5%, trypsin 0.04%, and pancreatin 0.04%), respectively. Meanwhile, we also found that lyophilized LP-LRCC5193 incorporated in chocolate exhibited significantly higher survivability than lyophilized LP-LRCC5193 in both artificial gastric and intestinal juice under 1 to 3 hr incubation, where the survivability was within the range of 96.3 to 98.5 log percentage, and 98.8 to 98.9 log percentage, respectively. A 6-month storage test further revealed that LP-LRCC5193 demonstrated higher stability than the lyophilized LP-LRCC5103 in 3 different temperature ranges, where the final survival rates were 97.2 log percentage (20 °C), 89.2 log percentage (33 °C), and 94.4 log percentage (15 to 30 °C/wk). Altogether, our data suggest that chocolate can be used as a tasty delivery vehicle for delivering putative probiotic strain, LP-LRCC5193 to the gastrointestinal tract. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Lactobacillus plantarum LRCC5193 (LP-LRCC5193) isolated from Kimchi demonstrated high stability under gastrointestinal environmental stresses and good adhesion to the intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. In addition, LP-LRCC5193 containing chocolates remained highly stable after storage at room temperature for 6 months. Chocolate containing LP-LRCC5193 can thus be considered a promising probiotic delivery system.; © 2018 Institute of Food Technologists®.

Concentrations, sources and risk of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in surface sediments from 19 representative tributaries in a regional scale of Chongqing City. The total concentration of 16 PAHs (ΣPAHs) ranged from 221 to 3205 ng g−1 with a mean of 1055 ng g−1. Most tributaries of the Jialing River exhibited significantly higher ΣPAHs concentrations (mean 1864 ng g−1) compared to those flowing into the Yangtze River (mean 787 ng g−1). Isomeric ratio and hierarchical clustering analysis showed combustion may impact sedimentary PAHs at most center sites of the City, while PAHs at most sites were mixed of petrogenic and pyrogenic sources. Toxicity equivalency concentration for carcinogenic PAH were 2–4 times more than the Dutch limit. More comprehensive assessment of safety is suggested to reduce environmental risk of PAHs in sediments.

Background: To investigate the efficacy of retrograde recanalization for chronic total occlusion (CTO) of femoral-popliteal artery in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Methods: In this single-center retrospective study, all patients who had undergone endovascular recanalization for femoral-popliteal CTOs at our center from June 2011 to October 2014 were included. Patients’ demographics, immediate and follow-up outcomes were analyzed. Results: A total of 205 patients with 238 CTOs were enrolled. In total, successful recanalization was achieved in 228 CTOs (95.8%). The antegrade procedure was successful in 196 CTOs. The retrograde procedure was successfully performed in 32 CTOs after failed antegrade procedure. Ankle-brachial index increased from 0.48±0.18 to 0.79±0.16 in antegrade group vs . 0.41±0.13 to 0.76±0.13 in retrograde group (P=0.438). Pulse score increased from 0.48±0.50 to 2.30±0.76 in antegrade group vs . 0.48±0.51 to 2.30±0.79 in retrograde group (P=0.771). At 12 and 24 months, primary patency rate was 86.2% (169/196) and 51.5% (101/196) in the antegrade group, and 75.0% (24/32) and 43.8% (14/32) in the retrograde group, respectively (P=0.346). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed limb salvage rates of 85.7% in the antegrade group vs . 78.1% in the retrograde group (P=0.198). Conclusions: Retrograde recanalization is effective for CTO of femoral-popliteal artery after the failure of an antegrade procedure; immediate outcomes and mid-term patency and limb salvage rate are comparable with that of antegrade procedure.

The efficacy of probiotics for improving clinical symptoms, altering the fecal microbiota, and regulating serum immune cytokine levels was investigated in patients with irritable bowel syndrome-constipation (IBS-C) or functional constipation (FC). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at Kyung Hee University Hospital between October 2016 and February 2017. Consecutive 18–75-year-old patients with diagnosis of IBS-C or FC (based on Rome IV criteria) consumed probiotics (3.0 × 108 CFU/g Streptococcus thermophilus MG510 and 1.0 × 108 CFU/g Lactobacillus plantarum LRCC5193) or a placebo daily for 4 weeks (weeks 1–4) and were followed up for a 4-week washout period without intervention (weeks 5–8). The primary outcomes of the study were Bristol Stool Form Scale and Complete Spontaneous Bowel Movements (CSBM). Efficacy was assessed by per protocol. Stool consistency measured by the Bristol Stool Form Scale was significantly better in the probiotic group (n = 88) than in the placebo group (n = 83) at 4 and 8 weeks (3.7 ± 1.1 vs. 3.1 ± 1.1 at 8 weeks, P = 0.002). No significant difference was found in CSBM. The quality of life was significantly better in the probiotic group than in the placebo group at 4 weeks (P = 0.044) and 8 weeks (P = 0.049). The relative abundance of L. plantarum among the fecal microbiomes was significantly greater in the probiotic group than in the placebo group at 4 weeks (P = 0.029). However, the levels of other microbiomes and of serum cytokines (IL-10/IL-12 ratio and TNF-α) did not differ significantly between the two groups. Probiotics significantly ameliorated stool consistency in patients with chronic constipation. In addition, the beneficial effect of L. plantarum on stool consistency remained after the probiotic supplementation was discontinued. The mechanism whereby probiotics benefit patients with chronic constipation should be clarified in further studies.

Boundary recognition is an important research of natural language processing, and it provides a basis for the application of Chinese word segmentation, chunk analysis, named entity recognition, etc. Based on ambiguity in boundary recognition of Chinese punctuation marks, this paper proposes grammar testing methods for boundary recognition of slight-pause marks and then calculates the annotation consistency of these methods. The statistical results show that grammar testing methods can greatly improve the annotation consistency of slight-pause marks boundary recognition. The consistency during the second time is 0.030 3 higher than during the first, which will help guarantee the consistency of large-scale corpus annotation and improve the quality of corpus annotation.

Due to the high visible transmittance and conductivity, transparent conductive films caused more and more attention. However, according to the Drude’s theory, there still exist some doubts about the possibility of infrared transparent conductive film. It is the fact that, due to the electrical and optical properties determined by carrier concentration, the contradiction between the wide-range infrared transmission and high conductivity is difficult to coordinate. In this paper, firstly, according to interaction between electrons and photons, we explored the key of confliction between electrical and optical properties, and also discovered the feasibility of infrared transparent conductive films. Through theoretical analysis, we found the reasons of contradiction of electrical and optical properties. Secondly, by summarizing and analyzing the photoelectrical properties of the conventional transparent conductive oxide films, we put forward the relationship among free-electrical, mobility, plasma wavelength and conductivity properties. Lastly, as the result of our research, if the film has the wide-range infrared transmission and high conductivity properties at same time, the effect of carrier concentration and mobility on plasma wavelength is not overlooked.

The hydrated magnesium-carbon films fabricated in this study are the novel-innovative non-oxide-type transparent electronic material. The films, which have a structure similar to that of magnesium hydroxide, were produced by making Mgx-Cy films deposited by magnetron co-sputtering react with water vapor. As the extrinsic defect of hydration magnesium-carbon films, C atoms provided redundant electrons, resulting in a conductivity of approximately 3.31 × 10−2 Ω·cm. Although the conductivity of hydrated magnesium-carbon films is not prominent comparing to the conventional and widely-used n-type TCO materials, e.g. ITO, the films also showed excellent optical properties, which can be attributed to their low bond energy, with the infrared transmittance of the films being greater than 72% for a plasma wavelength of approximately 10 μm. By varying the atomic C content of the films, a visible-region transmittance greater than 80% could be realized. The optical bandgap of the films was approximately 4.04–6.87 eV and was blue-shifted because of the Moss-Burstein effect.

There is growing evidence that incorporating crop straw into soils, which is being widely encouraged in many parts of the world, could increase net methylmercury (MeHg) production in soils and MeHg accumulation in crops. We explored the possibility of mitigating the risk of increased MeHg levels under straw amendment by transforming straw into biochar (BC). Greenhouse and batch experiments were conducted, in which soil MeHg concentrations, MeHg phytoavailability and accumulation in rice, dynamics of sulfate, nitrate and abundances of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) were compared in 'Control' (Hg contaminated soil), 'Straw' (soil with 1% rice straw), 'Straw+BC' (soil with 1% straw and 1% biochar), and 'Straw+BC+N' (soil with 1% straw, 1% biochar and 0.12% nitrate). Our results indicate that straw amendment increased MeHg concentrations in soils (28-136% higher) and rice plants (26% higher in grains, 'Straw' versus 'Control'), while co-application of biochar with straw reduced grain MeHg levels (60% lower, 'Straw+BC' versus 'Straw'). This could be mainly attributed to the reduced MeHg availability to rice plants (phytoavailability, extraction rates of MeHg by ammonium thiosulfate) under biochar amendment (64-99% lower, 'Straw+BC' versus 'Straw'). However, biochar amendment enhanced soil MeHg levels (5-75% higher, 'Straw+BC' versus 'Control'). Interestingly, nitrate addition helped reduce soil MeHg concentrations (11-41% lower, 'Straw+BC+N' versus 'Straw+BC') by facilitating nitrate reduction while inhibiting SRB activities. Subsequently, addition of nitrate with biochar, compared with biochar alone, further reduced grain MeHg levels by 34%. Therefore, straw biochar together with nitrate could possibly be effective in mitigating the risk of MeHg under straw amendment. Furthermore, the results evidence the impacts of straw management on the risk posed by MeHg in soils and emphasize the necessity to carefully consider the straw management policy in Hg-contaminated areas.

Zinc-doped indium oxide (IZO) film, as an important transparent conductive oxide, has attracted increasing attention in various scientific and engineering areas. In the present work, discharge-voltage and reactive-oxygen controlled IZO films were grown by magnetron sputtering and studied systematically. The microstructure, element distribution and chemical bonding of IZO films were investigated by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The optical and electrical properties of IZO films were studied by controlled oxygen and discharge voltage. The typical microstructure of IZO films with optimal optical and electric properties has been characterized. High discharge voltage and matched oxygen vacancies could promote the low resistivity of IZO films, which could be determined by the electronic concentration and mobility.