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Since the summer of 2017, bacterial fruit black rot disease was observed on prickly ash (Zanthoxylum armatum DC., Yongqing No. 1) in three counties (Yongshan, Qiaojia and Ludian) of Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province, that kills the fruit, results in significant yield reduction, severely affects quality of fruit and even worst has no harvest. A combination of cultural, biochemical and physiological characterizations, Biolog analyses, MALDI-TOF MS analyses, multi-locus phylogenetic analyses and pathogenicity assays revealed that Pseudomonas oryzihabitans was the pathogen associated with the fruit black rot. The pathogenicity was verified with Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this study provides the first report of fruit black rot caused by P. oryzihabitans on prickly ash. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel copper-based metal-organic framework (Cu-MOF) with a large specific surface area and high porosity was synthesized. The Cu-MOF was a good peroxidase-mimicking enzyme and showed a high affinity with hydrogen peroxide in a wide pH range. The catalytic mechanism of Cu-MOF has been studied further based on comparing the characteristic of the Cu-MOF with some isomorphic MOFs. The catalytic activity center of Cu-MOF was determined to be the cupric ion rather than the ligand, which effectively promoted the generation of free radicals and electron transfer in the reaction progress. The high affinity of Cu-MOF to hydrogen peroxide proved it as an ideal catalyst for the chemiluminescence (CL) reaction involving hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, the CL method with high sensitivity could be established for detecting various substrates. A double-enzyme CL glucose biosensing platform was constructed for the determination of serum glucose employing the peroxidase-mimicking properties of Cu-MOF as well as glucose oxidase (GOx). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Visible gold grains in brittle cataclastic textures of pyrite grains. • Low concentrations of lattice-bound gold in As-poor pyrite lattice. • Reduction reaction related to carbon species as an assignable gold-precipitation mechanism. • Orogenic deposit with sulfur originated from magmatic-mantle sources. The Luang Prabang (Laos) – Loei (Thailand) metallogenetic belt is endowed with major porphyry-skarn, and epithermal gold deposits. The Sanakham gold deposit is a newly discovered hydrothermal vein-type orogenic gold deposits (10.6 t Au @ 3.05 g/t) in the belt, and consist of a series of quartz-sulfide veins that are controlled by secondary structures of the regional NNE-trending brittle-ductile shear zone. Its mineralization can be divided into four stages: (I) quartz–pyrite–arsenopyrite, (II) quartz–pyrite–pyrrhotite–chalcopyrite, (III) quartz–pyrite–base-metal sulfide, and (IV) quartz–carbonate. Three pyrite generations were identified: py 1 (stage I) as disseminated euhedral to subhedral coarse grains; py 2 (stage II) as subhedral to anhedral fine grains occur around the cataclastic and corrosion textures in py 1 ; py 3 (stage III) as subhedral to anhedral fine grains occurred in sulfide veins or veinlets that overprint the existing quartz-sulfides. All three generations of pyrite have low trace-element contents including very low lattice-bound gold (py 1 : 0.040 ppm; py 2 : 0.098 ppm; py 3 : 0.028 ppm) and arsenic (py 1 : 227 ppm; py 2 : 133 ppm; py 3 : 13.3 ppm) contents. Visible gold grains are sited in textures of pyrite grains that relate to brittle cataclastic deformation. Considering the relatively low contents of pyrite in the ores of Sanakham, it is impossible to derive the high-gold grade orebodies through local remobilization of originally lattice-bound gold in pyrite. The py 2 might be formed during hydrothermal overprinting and dissolution of py 1 led by continuous supply of ore fluids with relatively higher contents of Au, Ag, Cu, Sb, Te, Pb, and Bi. A reduction reaction related to reduced carbon species in wallrock is an assignable cause for gold deposition, even though the fluid-rock interaction and fluid immiscibility processes might be important. The Au- and As-poor pyrites have similar δ34S values (py 1 : –2.58 to –0.83 ‰; py 2 : –2.17 ‰ to + 0.25 ‰; py 3 : –1.24 to –0.60 ‰ ppm) that close to 0 ‰, indicating the sulfur may have been originated from magmatic or mantle sources. Therefore, we propose that the Sankham gold deposit is a member of the orogenic deposit class, but notably characterized by the low concentrations of invisible gold in the relatively As-poor pyrite lattice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile oxidation-sulfidation strategy is proposed to fabricate the vertically aligned amorphous MoS 2 nanosheets on MoO 2 films/Mo foil (MF) as free-standing electrode, which features as the integration of three merits (high conductivity, abundant exposures of active sites, and enhanced mass transfer) into one electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal the strong interaction between MoS 2 and MoO 2 , which can enhance the intrinsic conductivity with narrow bandgap, and decreases hydrogen adsorption free energy (ΔG H∗ = ~0.06 eV) to facilitate the HER process. Benefiting from the unique hierarchical structure with amorphous MoS 2 nanosheets on conductive MoO 2 films/MF to facilitate the electron/mass transfer by eliminate contact resistance, controllable number of stacking layers and size of MoS 2 slabs to expose more edge sites, the optimal MoS 2 /MoO 2 /MF exhibits outstanding activity with overpotential of 154 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2, Tafel slope of 52.1 mV dec−1, and robust stability. Furthermore, the intrinsic HER activity (vs. ECSA) on MoS 2 /MoO 2 /MF is significantly enhanced, which shows 4.5 and 18.6 times higher than those of MoS 2 /MF and MoO 2 /MF at overpotential of 200 mV, respectively. A "hitting three birds with one stone" strategy is proposed to fabricate hierarchical self-supported edge-rich MoS 2 nanosheets/MoO 2 films/Mo foil (MF) electrode, which exhibits high conductivity, more edge active sites, and enhanced electron/mass transport for HER. Image 1 • Vertically MoS 2 was grown on MoO 2 /Mo foil by a "hitting three birds with one stone" strategy. • The MoS 2 /MoO 2 /MF provides more active sites, high conductivity and electron/mass transport. • DFT calculations demonstrate the synergism between MoS 2 and MoO 2 by downshift the d-band center. • The optimal electronic structure and hydrogen adsorption energy endow the good HER ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Phapon gold deposit, located in northern Laos, is a unique large-scale gold deposit in Luang Prabang-Loei metallogenic belt. It is hosted in the Lower Permian limestone and controlled by a NE-trending ductile-brittle fault system. There are three types of primary ore including auriferous calcite vein type, disseminated type, and breccia type, and the first two are important in the Phapon gold deposit. Based on fluid inclusion petrography and microthermometry, three types of primary fluid inclusions including type 1 liquid-rich aqueous, type 2 vapor-rich aqueous and type 3 daughter mineral-bearing aqueous were identified in hydrothermal calcite grains. The ore-forming fluids are normally homogeneous, as indicated by the widespread type 1 inclusions with identical composition. The coexistence of type 1 and type 2 inclusions, showing similar final homogenization temperature but different compositions, indicate that fluid immiscibility did locally take place in both two types of ores. The results of microthermometry and H-O isotopes geochemistry indicate that there are little differences on ore-fluid geochemistry between the auriferous calcite vein-type and disseminated type ores. The oreforming fluids are characterized by medium-low temperatures (157—268 °C) and low salinity (1.6 wt.%-9.9 wt.% NaCl eq.). It is likely to have a metamorphic-dominant mixed source, which could be associated with dehydration and decarbonisation of Lower Permian limestone and Middle-Upper Triassic sandstones during the dynamic metamorphism. The fluid-wallrock interaction played a major role, and the locally occurred fluid-immiscible processes played a subordinate role in gold precipitation. Combined with the regional and ore deposit geology, and ore-fluid geochemistry, we suggest that the Phapon gold deposit is best considered to be a member of the epizonal orogenic deposit class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An integrated study of zircon U-Pb geochronology and petrochemistry, together with zircon Lu-Hf isotopes, has been carried out on the basaltic-andesitic tuff and volcanic breccia from the Nam Hang Formation and andesitic tuff from the Muang-Nan Formation in the Xaignabouli area, which had been mapped as the Permian-Early Triassic on the 1 : 1 000 000 geological map or Late Carboniferous on the 1 : 200 000 geological maps. Zircon U-Pb dating of three samples yielded weighted mean ages of 235±2.6, 232±1.4 and 278±2.8 Ma, respectively, suggesting a Late Triassic origin for the Nam Hang Formation and an Early Permian origin for the Muang-Nan Formation. Geochemically, they are characterized by depletions in HFSEs (e.g., Nb, Ta, Ti) and high LILE/HFSE ratios, and they have positive zircon εHf(t) values of 8.7-15.9, which exhibits the continental arc volcanic affinity and partial melting of subducting oceanic slab in the magma source. Combined with spatial occurrence of the volcanic rock and existing geochronological and geochemical data, we suggest that the Xaignabouli-Luang Prabang volcanic belt can be linked to the Loei-Phetchabun belt. The Permian-Triassic volcanic rocks in this belt might be a product of the Nan back-arc basin eastward subduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luminol-nitrogen doped graphene quantum dot (luminol-NGQDs) nanocomposite was synthesized and a novel electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) process occurred between luminol as the donor and NGQDs as the acceptor in the composite. This ECL-RET effect helped luminol-NGQDs composite produced an anodic ECL signal without coreactants. The ECL-RET mechanism was also studied based on the fluorescence spectra, the ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra and the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) spectra. Based on the significant sensitization effect of hydrogen peroxide on luminol-NGQDs ECL signal, an ECL method for the sensitive determination of hydrogen peroxide was established and then applied to the detection of hydrogen peroxide in water samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, sulfonated polyaniline (SPAN) was decorated on the surface of copper-based metal organic frame (HKUST-1) and the composite was functionalized by luminol to construct a chemiluminescence (CL) hybrids (SPAN/HKUST-1@Luminol). The as-prepared SPAN/HKUST-1@Luminol demonstrated a great dispersion and stability performance in aqueous solution. Moreover, the resultant SPAN/HKUST-1@Luminol hybrids exhibited extremely strong CL properties, and the CL quantum yield was 136 times higher than that of luminol. In particular, it exhibited outstanding CL activity not only under alkaline conditions, but also under neutral conditions. The sensitive response of the hybrid to hydrogen peroxide was used to construct CL methods for the detection of hydrogen peroxide at a wide range of pH, with the detection limit of 60 nM at a neutral condition and 25 pM at alkaline condition. Due to strong and stable signal of the SPAN/HKUST-1@Luminol, the CL method provides a viable tool for determination of H 2 O 2 in biological systems and enabled the monitoring of stimulated production of H 2 O 2 released by living cells. SPAN/HKUST-1@Luminol CL hybrid exhibited extremely strong CL properties and the CL signal maintained over a wide range of pH ranges. The resultant CL composite was applied as the probe to directly detect the amount of hydrogen peroxide released after stimulation of living cells under physiological conditions. [Display omitted] • A novel CL hybrid was constructed with luminol attached to the composite of SPAN and HKUST-1. • The as-prepared SPAN/HKUST-1@Luminol demonstrated a great dispersion and stability performance in aqueous solution. • The SPAN/HKUST-1@Luminol hybrid exhibited great luminous efficiency under a wide range of pH conditions. • The CL probe enabled the monitoring of stimulated production of H2O2 released by living cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of heterostructure and oxygen vacancy is one of the effective strategies to enhance the performance of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and urea oxidation reaction (UOR). Herein, NiFe LDH@Ni(OH) 2 -z p-n heterostructure with abundant oxygen vacancies was successfully fabricated by multi-step strategy as electrodeposition and in-situ etching. NiFe LDH@Ni(OH) 2 -z p-n heterostructure can modulate the d -band center to optimize the adsorption energies of hydroxides, while oxygen vacancies also contributed to increasing the amount of active sites and reducing charge transfer resistance during OER and UOR. In-situ UV–vis spectroscopy and Fourier transform a.c. voltammetry (FTACV) unveiled the surface reconstruction of NiFe LDH to generate Ni/FeOOH which facilitated the adsorption of the reaction intermediates and accelerated charge transfer during OER and UOR. As a result, NiFe LDH@Ni(OH) 2 -z presented the low overpotential of 250/290 mV at 100/200 mA cm−2, small Tafel slope (43.6 mV dec−1) and excellent stability. The reaction order of OER with nearly unity indicated the fast adsorption process of OH-. NiFe LDH@Ni(OH) 2 -z also shows excellent electrocatalytic performance for UOR with 1.44 V at 100 mA cm−2 and Tafel slope of 37 mV dec−1. This work offers a novel approach for the formation of p-n heterostructure with rich oxygen vacancies to engineer the electronic modulation and surface reconstruction for synergistically triggering OER and UOR. [Display omitted] • NiFe LDH@Ni(OH) 2 -z p-n heterostructure was fabricated by three-step electrodeposition and in-situ etching. • Electronic modulation and oxygen vacancies synergistically triggered OER/UOR process. • Operando EIS demonstrated the accelerated hydroxide adsorption and charge transfer. • In-situ UV–vis and FTACV unveiled the facilitating surface reconstruction into Ni/FeOOH. • NiFe LDH@Ni(OH) 2 -z p-n heterostructure exhibits superior OER/UOR performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The hierarchical KNiMoS|ZnCrAl-based multifunctional catalyst was designed for HAS. • The hierarchical structure can regulate crystal size and low stacking degree of MoS 2. • Synergistic reaction played important role on CO activation and C–C coupling. • KNiMoS|ZnCrAlS-O(E) enabled CO conversion of 20.2 % and ROH selectivity of 63.8 %. • KNiMoS|ZnCrAlS-O(E) afforded C 2 + OH/ROH fraction of 68.5% with enhanced STY and stability. Catalytic conversion of syngas into high value-added chemicals such as higher alcohols (C 2+ OH) are vitally crucial in chemical industry but still remains a challenge due to the low conversion and C 2+ OH selectivity. Herein, the combination of powerful CO activation on ZnCr-based sites and strong C–C coupling for chain propagation on KNiMoS is highly desirable to achieve high C 2+ OH yield on hierarchical KNiMoS|ZnCrAlS-based multifunctional catalysts. The hierarchical structure can facilitate the dispersion of MoS 2 slabs with dominant double-layer stacking to enable the high sulfuration degree of Mo and high proportion of NiMoS active phases due to the appropriate metal-support interaction. As a result, KNiMoS|ZnCrAlS-O(E) showed the highest CO conversion (20.2 %), total alcohols selectivity (63.8 %) with high C 2+ OH/ROH fraction of 68.5 %, TOF (176.8 h−1), STY (116.4 mg g-1h−1) and excellent stability. A plausible reaction path was also proposed on hierarchical KNiMoS|ZnCrAlS-O(E) multifunctional catalyst that the alkoxy intermediates species formed on ZnCr active species can partially transform to MoS 2 -based active phase to form CH y CH x O* species for the favourable C 2+ OH synthesis. This work offers a promising strategy through the integration of multifunctional catalyst with hierarchical pore to strengthen CO activation and C–C coupling for selective conversion of syngas to C 2+ OH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) model for the turbulence promoter-assisted crossflow microfiltration (CFMF) process was successfully established, in which the inlet velocity, transmembrane pressure (TMP) and feed concentration were taken as inputs, and the flux improvement efficiency (FIE) by turbulence promoter was taken as output. Using the trained ANN model, the FIE can be predicted under CFMF operation conditions that are not included in the training database. It reveals that the FIE first increases and then decreases with increasing either TMP or inlet velocity, and increases with increasing feed concentration. Among three input variables, TMP has the most important effect on the FIE. The optimization of MF operation conditions was largely dependent on the feed concentration. The high FIE can be obtained by exerting both high inlet velocity (>0.7m/s) and low TMP (<30kPa) at a relatively low feed concentration (<1g/L), and both high inlet velocity (>0.7m/s) and high TMP (>70kPa) at a relatively high feed concentration (>8g/L). This study provides a useful guide for the applications of turbulence promoter in CFMF processes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Crosslinked poly (styrene sulfonic acid) (CrPSSA) is incorporated into sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) through the semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (sIPNs) method to improve proton conductivity of SPEEK proton exchange membranes (PEMs) at low relative humidity (RH). Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that the SPEEK/CrPSSA sIPN membrane can be stable up to 250 °C in N2. A single glass transition temperature (T g ) of the sIPN measured by differential scanning calorimetric measurements suggests good miscibility of the CrPSSA and SPEEK. At fixed RH the proton conductivity of the sIPN membranes increases as more CrPSSA is incorporated into SPEEK membranes. The sIPN membrane with 40 wt. % CrPSSA has a proton conductivity of 10−3 S cm−1 at 25% RH, which comparable to that of Nafion115 and is 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of the pristine SPEEK membranes (10−5 S cm−1 at RH 50%). The percolation threshold for proton conduction occurs at lower hydrophilic volume fractions with the increasing content of CrPSSA, suggesting different packing behavior of –SO3H groups in the SPEEK/CrPSSA sIPN membranes as compared with SPEEK and Nafion® membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] The PEI membrane formed in ScCO2 was proposed to prepare an affinity matrix. [•] Residual NMP in the membrane was nearly zero, which was measured by a GC–MS system. [•] Pore size distribution of the membrane was narrow. [•] The PEI-chitosan-CB affinity membrane showed a high tensile strength of 11.58MPa. [•] The affinity membrane showed an adsorption capacity of 33.9mg/g membrane to BSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reference 1 Chu Q. Childhood trauma and current depression among Chinese university students: a moderated mediation model of cognitive emotion regulation strategies and neuroticism. B Correction to: BMC Psychiatry 22, 90 (2022) b B https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03673-6 b Following publication of the original article [[1]], the authors would like to correct the numbering of in-text citations. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract: The leucogranites in the Baoshan Block of the Tethyan belt in Western Yunnan, are composed mainly of two-mica granite with subordinate muscovite granite. Here we present zircon U–Pb ages from four intrusions that show ages of 448–476Ma suggesting that these rocks were emplaced during the Ordovician. The leucogranites are high-K calc-alkaline and strongly peraluminous, with K2O/Na2O>1 and A/CNK=1.12–1.54. These rocks are enriched in large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and light rare-earth elements (LREEs) [(La/Yb)N =1.13–32.4] and Pb, and are depleted in high field-strength elements (HFSEs). They show similar chondrite-normalized REE patterns, with negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*=0.03–0.46). A wide range of zircon εHf(t) values (−9.6 to −2.6) and varying Hf-isotope crustal model ages (2.1–1.6Ga) are also observed. The geochemical signatures indicate that the leucogranites are S-type granites derived mainly from the anatexis of ancient crustal materials. The ages, geochemistry and tectonics in the Baoshan Block and the Lhasa Terrane are closely comparable, suggesting that the Baoshan Block might represent part of an Early Paleozoic magmatic arc in the Gondwana continental margin facing the proto-Tethyan Ocean. The Pinghe granites of the early phase in the Baoshan Block which are coeval with the Cambrian magmatism (ca. 492Ma) identified in the central and southern Lhasa subterranes can be interpreted as products of the slab break-off associated with the subduction of proto-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere. However, the late leucogranite stocks are analogous to the North Himalayan leucogranites, which formed in a short-lived extensional setting caused by the slab break-off associated with the subduction–collision system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Composite membranes have been prepared by coating a thin layer of polyfluoropropylmethylsiloxane (PTFPMS) on the dense layer of asymmetric polyetherimide (PEI) membranes to plug the defects. The effects of PTFPMS molecular weight and coating solution concentration on the separation performance of the composite membranes have been investigated theoretically and experimentally. The results reveal that PTFPMS 20K (number average molecular weight of 20K) has smaller molecular size than the defect diameter of the PEI membrane and can plug the defects when its concentration is higher than 5wt%. With the increase of PTFPMS 20K concentration in the coating solution, the gas permeance of the composite membrane decreases while the separation factor increases. The PEI composite membrane prepared with 20wt% of PTFPMS 20K exhibits the H2 permeance of 11.8GPU (1GPU=10−6 cm3/(cm2 scmHg)), combining with the O2/N2 and H2/N2 separation factors of 6.9 and 107.3, respectively. On the other hand, PTFPMS 1100K (number average molecular weight of 1100K) can hardly penetrate into the defects of PEI composite membrane regardless of its concentration in coating solution because of the larger molecular size of PTFPMS 1100K over the diameter of the defect. Accordingly, the PEI composite membrane prepared with the PTFPMS 1100K as coating layer shows poor separation performance. Therefore, appropriate match of size between coating material and defect is critical to obtain high separation performance for the PEI composite membrane. More importantly, the solvent resistance experiments indicate that the PTFPMS/PEI composite membrane can maintain its stable separation performance after immersed in heptane and petroleum ether. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The effect of water content in 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF4]) on CO2/N2 separation performance of polyethersulfone supported ionic liquid membrane has been investigated theoretically and experimentally. A small addition of water in [bmim][BF4] obviously improves the performance of the membrane. CO2 permeance increases from 11.5 to 13.8GPU and CO2/N2 selectivity increases from 50 to 60, where the water molar fraction increases from 0 to 0.10 at the cross-membrane pressure difference of 0.24MPa. The improvement of the CO2 permeance at low water content can be attributed to the increase of CO2 diffusivity due to the decrease of viscosity with increasing the water content. While, the CO2 permeance decreases at high water content because of the decreasing CO2 solubility, which is mainly caused by the hydrogen bond interaction between water and [bmim][BF4]. A corrected solubility coefficient model of CO2 in ionic liquid is proposed to evaluate the influence of water–[bmim][BF4] interaction on CO2 solubility. The comparison of CO2 permeance between theoretical values and experimental ones demonstrates that the number of water molecule bound to a [BF4]− is between 1 and 2 in the range of the water content in our research. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We recently established that asparanin A, a steroidal saponin extracted from Asparagus officinalis L., is an active cytotoxic component. The molecular mechanisms by which asparanin A exerts its cytotoxic activity are currently unknown. In this study, we show that asparanin A induces G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Following treatment of HepG2 cells with asparanin A, cell cycle-related proteins such as cyclin A, Cdk1 and Cdk4 were down-regulated, while p21WAF1/Cip1 and p-Cdk1 (Thr14/Tyr15) were up-regulated. Additionally, we observed poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage and activation of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9. The expression ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was increased in the treated cells, where Bax was also up-regulated. We also found that the expression of p53, a modulator of p21WAF1/Cip1 and Bax, was not affected in asparanin A-treated cells. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that asparanin A induces cell cycle arrest and triggers apoptosis via a p53-independent manner in HepG2 cells. These data indicate that asparanin A shows promise as a preventive and/or therapeutic agent against human hepatoma. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A novel [Co(L)(H 2 O) 2 ] (1) was obtained by hydrothermal method and it exhibited a 1D chain with exposed carboxyl groups, the unique coordination mode made it have unusual physical and chemical stability. Meanwhile, 1 showed peroxidase-like and weak oxidase-like activity. 1 as a peroxidase mimic enzyme had an excellent affinity for the substrates luminol and H 2 O 2. Compared with HRP, 1 had catalytic activity in a wide pH range and showed the best catalytic activity at pH 7.4. Meanwhile, the catalysis process of 1 was reversible and recyclable, and the catalytic activity remained stable after different pH and temperatures and long-time storage. Based on the inhibition of glutathione on luminol-H 2 O 2 -MOF 1 chemiluminescence signal, a chemiluminescence method for the determination of glutathione has been proposed with high sensitivity and selectivity and had been applied for detecting glutathione in cell lysate with satisfactory results. [Display omitted] • A novel Co (Ⅱ)-based MOF material with double enzyme mimetic activity was synthesized. • The unique coordination mode made Co-MOF have unusual physical and chemical stability. • The Co-MOF had favorable catalytic activity in a wide pH range. • A CL sensing method for glutathione was developed using the luminol-H 2 O 2 -Co-MOF system under neutral condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sanakham gold deposit is a newly discovered gold deposit in the Luang Prabang (Laos)–Loei (Thailand) metallogenic belt. It consists of a series of auriferous quartz-sulfide veins, which is distinguished from the regional known porphyry-related skarn and epithermal gold deposits. There are four mineralization stages identified in Sanakham, with native gold grains mainly occurring in stages II and III. Evolution of ore-forming fluids and gold deposition mechanisms in Sanakham are discussed based on fluid inclusion petrography, microthermometry, and Laser Raman spectroscopy. The original ore-forming fluids belong to a medium-high temperature (>345 °C) CH4-rich CH4–CO2–NaCl–H2O system. In stages II and III, the ore fluids evolve into a NaCl–H2O–CO2 ± CH4 system characterized by medium temperature (~300 °C), medium salinity (~10 wt% NaCl eq.), and CO2-rich (~10% mol). They might finally evolve into a NaCl–H2O system with temperature decreasing and salinity increasing in stage IV. Two fluid immiscibility processes occurred in stages II and III, which created high-CH4 & low-CO2 and low-CH4 & high-CO2 end-members, and CO2-poor and CO2-rich endmembers, respectively. Gold-deposition events are suggested to be associated with the fluid immiscibility processes, with P–T conditions and depth of 236–65 MPa, 337–272 °C, and 8.7–6.5 km, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Higher alcohols synthesis (HAS) from syngas (CO and H 2) is highly desirable but remains suppressed by low CO conversion and alcohols selectivity. Herein, a solvent-free solid–liquid method was proposed to fabricate the ordered mesoporous NiMg mixed metal oxides, which served as support to confine the growth of MoS 2 for HAS. Ordered mesoporous confinement can regulate the Mo-Ni interaction to significantly enhance specific surface area and dispersion of MoS 2 slabs with low stacking, proper size, and dominant double-layer MoS 2 stacking (~32%). As a result, the KMoS/Ni 2 Mg 1 -O exhibits excellent performance of total alcohol selectivity (56.1%), CO conversion (9.9%), and significantly improved turnover frequency (11.3 h−1) and space–time yield (STY, 50.9 mg g-1h−1) of C 2+ alcohols. This work proposed a promising route to enhance CO conversion and higher alcohols selectivity in selective CO hydrogenation by confinement effect with ordered mesoporous oxides to modulate KMoS and NiMoS active sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The Loei Fold Belt contains Late Carboniferous (304–299 Ma) basaltic and andesitic tuffaceous rocks and Late Triassic (224–236 Ma) andesite and rhyolite. • The Late Carboniferous and Late Triassic volcanic rocks were formed in a back-arc basin and continental arc setting respectively. • Magmatic events in the Loei Fold Belt occurred in four periods: Ordovician-Silurian, Late Devonian-Middle Permian, Early-Middle Triassic and Late Triassic. • The Nan belt and Luang Prabang-Loei belt were connected in a back-arc basin during Late Devonian to Carboniferous. The Loei Fold Belt is one of the most significant tectonic and metallogenic belts in the Indochina Block. However, origin and tectonic significance of volcanic rocks in several volcanic belts of this fold belt remain ambiguous. In this paper, we present new petrochemical data, zircon U-Pb ages and Lu-Hf isotopic data for volcanic rocks from the Loei Fold Belt in northwestern Laos. The basaltic and andesitic tuffaceous rocks have Late Carboniferous zircon U-Pb ages (304 ± 2.1 Ma and 299 ± 1.8 Ma respectively), and display both MORB-like and arc-like geochemical signatures. Zircon Lu-Hf isotopic analyses give highly positive ε Hf (t) values of 8.99–14.24, indicative of a metasomatic mantle source which formed in a back-arc basin environment. On the other hand, the andesite and rhyolite samples have zircon U-Pb ages ranging from 236 Ma to 224 Ma, erupted during the Late Triassic, and formed in a continental margin arc setting (e.g., enrichment of LREE, depletion in Nb-Ta, Sr, and positive ε Hf (t) values of 9.87–12.25). With a synthesis of available geochronological, petrochemical and isotopic data, magmatic events in the Loei Fold Belt occurred in four periods: Ordovician-Silurian (450–400 Ma), Late Devonian-Middle Permian (ca. 361–265 Ma), Early-Middle Triassic (250–237 Ma) and Late Triassic (ca. 236–200 Ma), with peaks in Triassic and Carboniferous. Accordingly, we propose a tectonic-magmatic evolution model for the Loei Fold Belt. The Luang Prabang-Loei belt was a spreading back-arc basin during the Late Devonian-Middle Permian, and connected with the Nan back-arc basin. The basin expanded to its largest extent in the Permian period and started subduction in the earliest Triassic; the successive subduction did not terminate until the Late Triassic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel copper (Ⅱ) metal-organic framework ([Cu(L)(H 2 O) 2 ] n Cu-MOF) has been successfully synthesized by facile one step hydrothermal method. Modified the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with this kind of Cu-MOF, a strong cathode electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signal was produced under the potential scan from 0.2 to −1.6 V in the potassium persulfate solution, which was about 8 times higher than that on the bare GCE electrode. The possible enhancement mechanism was studied in detail. The results showed that Cu (Ⅱ) in Cu-MOF catalyzed the reduction of potassium persulfate promoting the conversion of S 2 O 8 2− into SO 4 •− and enhancing ECL signal intensively. Based on the inhibition effect of ferrous ion on this ECL signal, a sensitive ECL method for the determination of ferrous ion was developed within the linear range from 1.0 × 10−10 M to 3.0 × 10−8 M and the detection limit of 4 × 10−11 M. The ECL method showed high sensitivity, good stability, and excellent reproducibility and had been applied for analysis of ferrous ion in environmental water samples successfully. • A novel Cu-MOF has been successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. • An enhanced ECL signal has been observed with Cu-MOF modified GCE in the K 2 S 2 O 8 solution. • A sensitive ECL detection of ferrous ion was achieved with Cu-MOF-K 2 S 2 O 8 system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are playing an increasingly vital role in the field of recommender systems. To improve knowledge perception within GNNs, contrastive learning has been applied and has proven to be highly effective. GNNs have the ability to aggregate diverse knowledge and integrate topologies, while contrastive learning seeks supervisory signals from the model data. The combination of GNNs and contrastive learning can improve recommendations. However, thoughtless or incomplete contrastive learning settings limit the effectiveness of GNNs-based recommender systems in learning knowledge from knowledge and interaction graphs. To better exploit the valuable information within knowledge graphs, we propose a novel multitype view of knowledge contrastive learning for recommendations (MVKC) model. The MVKC model generates hierarchical views and augmented views in two modules, performing cross-hierarchical-view and cross-augmented-view contrastive learning and mining graph features in a self-supervised manner. The hierarchical views consist of global and local parts at multiple levels, while the augmented views are fused from the augmented knowledge graph and augmented interaction graph in our augmented processing. These features allow the MVKC model to alleviate the sparsity of user-item interaction graphs, suppress knowledge graph noise, and filter long-tail entities, which has been proven extremely important for a recommendation. The MVKC model also has strong anti-interference ability and robustness, which is crucial for a well-established model. Our experiments with three public datasets demonstrate that the MVKC model outperforms current state-of-the-art methods., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: XiaoJun Yang reports financial support was provided by e Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province under Grant. XiaoJun Yang reports a relationship with e National Research and Development Program of China under Grant that includes: funding grants. Yang Xiaojun, Wu Yanghui has patent A recommendation method based on multi type view knowledge contrastive learning model issued to 202310716093.7. None If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Dynamically responsive materials, capable of reversible changes in color appearance and/or photoemission upon external stimuli, have attracted substantial attention across various fields. This study presents an effective approach wherein switchable modulation of photochromism and ultralong phosphorescence can be achieved simultaneously in a zero-dimensional organic-inorganic halide hybrid glass doped with 4,4´-bipyridine. The facile fabrication of large-scale glasses is accomplished through a combined grinding-melting-quenching process. The persistent luminescence can be regulated through the photochromic switch induced by photo-generated radicals. Furthermore, the incorporation of the aggregation-induced chirality effect generates intriguing circularly polarized luminescence, with an optical dissymmetry factor (g lum ) reaching the order of 10 -2 . Exploiting the dynamic ultralong phosphorescence, this work further achieves promising applications, such as three-dimensional optical storage, rewritable photo-patterning, and multi-mode anti-counterfeiting with ease. Therefore, this study introduces a smart hybrid glass platform as a new photo-responsive switchable system, offering versatility for a wide array of photonic applications., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

In this concept, we showcase the upsurge in the studies of dynamic ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials containing inorganic and/or organic components as versatile photo-responsive platforms. The goal is to provide a comprehensive analysis of photo-controllable RTP, and meanwhile delve into the underlying RTP properties of various classes of photochromic materials including metal-organic complexes, organic-inorganic co-crystals, purely organic small molecules and organic polymers. In particular, the design principles governing the integration of the photochromic and RTP moieties within a single material system, and the tuning of dynamic RTP in response to light are emphasized. As such, this concept sheds light on the challenges and opportunities of using these tunable RTP materials for potential applications in optoelectronics, particularly highlighting their use of reversible information encryption, erasable light printing and rewritable smart paper., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate the willingness of patients with tuberculosis (TB) to use mobile medical services (mHealth) and its influencing factors, so as to provide theoretical guidance for optimizing the TB mobile medical platform and improve the willingness of patients to use mHealth., Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, convenience sampling method was used to investigate patients with TB from the outpatient clinics of two TB specialized hospitals (Beijing Thoracic Tumor and Tuberculosis Hospital and Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment Hospital of Shaanxi Province) from January to June 2021 using a self-designed questionnaire., Results: Out of 231 patients, only 90 (38.96%) were aware of mHealth services, and 63 (27.27%) had used mHealth services. Among the 63 patients who had used mHealth services, the proportion of mobile medical forms based on WeChat platform was 74.89%. Patients' willingness to use mHealth was scored (11.49 ± 2.53). Univariate analysis showed that the scores of patients' willingness to use mHealth differed by gender and the different ways of affording healthcare (p < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of willingness to use mHealth in patients with TB included attitude towards use (0.750), health beliefs (0.091) and social impact (0.169) (adjusted R2 = 0.781, p < 0.001)., Conclusions: Patients' awareness of the advantages of the new medical model needs to be improved. Optimized design can improve the willingness of patients to use mHealth services and improve the role of mHealth in patient management., Competing Interests: No Conflict of Interest is declared, (Copyright (c) 2023 Xiao-Feng Chen, Fei-Fei Nie, Xiao-Ke Jiao, Chen Lv, Juan Sun, Xiu-jun Wang, Xiu-Hua Wang, Ning Zhang.)

Four metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were designed and prepared through a mixed-ligand strategy by controlling the combination of various dicarboxylic acid ligands with invariant center metal and o -phenanthroline heterocyclic ligand. The regulatory effects of ligand electronic band and crystal structure on the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) characteristics of MOFs were verified by experimental results and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The flexible chain structure of MOF-2 promotes electron transfer between MOF electroactive free radicals and the co-reactant, making it show outstanding ECL characteristics among all of the four MOFs with the luminescence quantum efficiency 8.37 times that of tris(bipyridine)-ruthenium(II) ([Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ ). Meanwhile, a new ECL mechanism for MOF luminescent crystal materials with reactive oxygen species in solvents as a co-reactant in the aqueous aerobic environment has been proposed. MOF-2 was selected to construct an ECL sensor for the determination of glucose in human urine samples. This study provides a useful idea for the development and design of new luminescent molecular crystal materials., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity non-inferiority and safety of the quadrivalent inactivated split-virion influenza vaccine in participants ≥ 3 years old. A total of 3,328 participants were enrolled. Participants 3-8 years old were administered one or two doses of the investigational vaccine or one dose of the control vaccine, whereas the other participants were administered only one dose of the investigational or control vaccine. The immunogenicity and occurrence of adverse events (AEs) after 30 days of full-course vaccination and serious adverse events (SAEs) within 6 months after full-course vaccination were assessed. The sero-conversion rates (SCRs) of anti-H1N1, H3N2, B(Y), and B(V) antibodies in the test group were 74.64%, 87.40%, 82.66%, and 78.89%, respectively, and their geometric mean titers were 1:250.13, 1:394.54, 1:200.84, and 1:94.91, respectively, which were non-inferior to those in the control group. The SCRs and sero-protection rates in the two-dose group of participants 3-8 years old were greater than those in the one-dose group. The incidences of total AEs and adverse reactions in the test group were 31.6% and 21.7%, respectively, which were close to those in the control group. In the two-dose group, the incidence of adverse reactions was considerably lower in the second dose (5.5%) than in the first dose (14.7%). Most AEs were grade 1 in severity, and no SAEs were recorded. The investigational vaccine had immunogenicity non-inferior to the control vaccine, and two doses were more effective than one dose in participants 3-8 years old, with a good overall safety. Trial registration: CTR20200715.

Glassy materials, with desirable mechanical rigidity, shaping ability, high transparency, are attracting great interest in diverse fields. However, optically bulk molecule-based glasses are still rare, mainly due to limited monomeric species and harsh preparation conditions. Herein, we report a facile bottom-up solution fabrication process to obtain metal-free supramolecular glasses (SMGs) at the macroscopic scale using L-Histidine and hexamethylenetetramine as building blocks. The chiral SMGs possess color-tunable ultralong room temperature phosphorescence (decay lifetime up to 141.2 ms) and circular polarized luminescence (g factor up to 8.7×10 -3 ). The strong hydrogen bonds effectively drive the formation of SMGs, and provide a rigid microenvironment to boost triplet exciton generation. By virtue of excitation- and temperature-dependent ultralong phosphorescence of the SMGs, applications including multicolored displays, visual UV detection, and persistently luminescent thermometer are demonstrated., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The fabrication of chiral molecules into macroscopic systems has many valuable applications, especially in the fields of optical displays, data encryption, information storage, and so on. Here, we design and prepare a serious of supramolecular glasses (SGs) based on Zn-L-Histidine complexes, via an evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) strategy. Metal-ligand interactions between the zinc(II) ion and chiral L-Histidine endow the SGs with interesting circularly polarized afterglow (CPA). Multicolored CPA emissions from blue to red with dissymmetry factor as high as 9.5 × 10 -3 and excited-state lifetime up to 356.7 ms are achieved under ambient conditions. Therefore, this work not only communicates the bulk SGs with wide-tunable afterglow and large circular polarization, but also provides an EISA method for the macroscopic self-assembly of chiral metal-organic hybrids toward photonic applications., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Interdisciplinary experimental science (e.g., medicinal chemistry) refers to the disciplines that integrate knowledge from different scientific backgrounds and involve experiments in the research process. Deciding "in what direction to proceed" is critical for the success of the research in such disciplines, since the time, money, and resource costs of the subsequent research steps depend largely on this decision. However, such a direction identification task is challenging in that researchers need to integrate information from large-scale, heterogeneous materials from all associated disciplines and summarize the related publications of which the core contributions are often showcased in diverse formats. The task also requires researchers to estimate the feasibility and potential in future experiments in the selected directions. In this work, we selected medicinal chemistry as a case and presented an interactive visual tool, MedChemLens, to assist medicinal chemists in choosing their intended directions of research. This task is also known as drug target (i.e., disease-linked proteins) selection. Given a candidate target name, MedChemLens automatically extracts the molecular features of drug compounds from chemical papers and clinical trial records, organizes them based on the drug structures, and interactively visualizes factors concerning subsequent experiments. We evaluated MedChemLens through a within-subjects study (N=16). Compared with the control condition (i.e., unrestricted online search without using our tool), participants who only used MedChemLens reported faster search, better-informed selections, higher confidence in their selections, and lower cognitive load.

In this study, we sought to evaluate the inter-batch consistency and safety of the CTN-1 V human rabies vaccine (Vero cells). A total of 594 healthy participants aged 10-60 years were enrolled from Mianzhu, Sichuan Province, and randomized into three batch groups to receive vaccination via the Essen Regimen, that is, a single dose on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28 in the deltoid muscle of the upper arm. The serum antibody geometric mean concentration (GMC) and positive conversion rate of each group were determined using a rapid fluorescence focus inhibition test (RFFIT) before the first-dose immunization, 14 d after the first-dose immunization, and 14 d and 12 mo after full immunization. Adverse events (AEs) 30 min and 30 d after immunization were observed in each group. There were 322 cases of AEs during the observation period, with an overall incidence of 54.4%. The incidences of AEs in groups A, B, and C were 57.4%, 51.5%, and 54.3%, respectively. There were no significant differences among the groups (P > .05). Moreover, there were no significant differences (P > .05) in the serum GMC or antibody-positive conversion rate between any two groups at any time point. The bilateral 95% confidence interval of the GMC ratio between any two groups 14 d after the first-dose immunization was within the range of 0.67-1.50. This study shows that the CTN-1 V human rabies vaccine (Vero cells) has reliable safety and stable immunogenicity between batches.

It is of great significance to design highly efficient electrocatalysts with abundant earth elements instead of precious metals for water splitting. Herein, Mo-doped NiFe-layered double hydroxides/NiSe heterostructure (Mo-NiFe LDH/NiSe) was fabricated by coupling Mo-doped NiFe LDH and NiSe on nickel foam (NF). The heterostructure electrocatalyst showed ultra-low overpotential (250 mV) and remarkable durability for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at 150 mA cm -2 . Both theoretical and experimental results confirmed that Mo doping and interfacial synergism induced the interfacial charge redistribution and the lifted d-band center to weaken the energy barrier (EB) of the formation of OOH * . Mo doping also facilitated the surface reconstruction of NiFe LDH into Ni(Fe)OOH as the active sites under electro-oxidation process. This work provides a facile strategy for electronic modulation and surface reconstruction of OER electrocatalyst by transition metal doping and heterostructure generation., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Exploring non-noble metal materials as bifunctional catalysts for water electrolysis is of great significance for the development and utilization of hydrogen energy. Herein, a flower branch-leaf shaped phosphide/oxide heterogeneous electrocatalyst located on Ni foam (CoP/P-NiO/NF) was developed through hydrothermal and phosphorization strategy. Benefiting from the strong ability to dissociate H 2 O molecules on P-NiO and the suitable adsorption of intermediate H species on CoP, the optimal CoP/P-NiO/NF exhibited outstanding performance with low overpotentials of 52 mV at current density of 10 mA cm -2 , smaller Tafel slopes of 73.6 mV dec -1 for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Meanwhile, CoP/P-NiO/NF indicated 265 mV at 100 mA cm -2 with Tafel slope of 101.8 mV dec -1 for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to the optimal redistribution of electrons among Ni 2+ , Co 2+ and Co 3+ for favorable adsorption/desorption of oxygen-intermediates. Both HER and OER shown robust stability during 32 h without decline. The corresponding two-electrode system for overall alkaline water splitting required a low voltage of 1.6 V at 100 mA cm -2 with long stability (20 h) which is far lower than that on RuO 2 -Pt/C and many other reported non-noble metal electrocatalysts. This work demonstrates that the synergistic effect and morphology engineering play vital roles in the enhanced electrocatalytic performance., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

A silver nanoparticle-doped Zn(ii) metal-organic framework composite (AgNPs@ZnMOF) was investigated as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signal enhancer for potassium persulfate. First, ZnMOF was prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method, and then AgNPs@ZnMOF composite was obtained by depositing AgNPs on the surface and interior of ZnMOF. After the AgNPs@ZnMOF composite was modified on the glass carbon electrode (GCE), the cathode luminescence of potassium persulfate on bare GCE was enhanced by 8 times. A dual amplification mechanism provided by Zn(ii) and Ag nanoparticles in the AgNPs@ZnMOF composite has been validated by ECL spectra, fluorescence spectra, and electrochemical methods. The interaction between the sulfhydryl groups in l-cysteine (l-Cys) and AgNPs significantly affects the catalytic luminescence of the AgNPs@ZnMOF composite. Thus, a sensitive ECL method for the determination of l-Cys was developed based on the inhibition effect of l-Cys on the ECL signal within the linear range from 5.0 nM to 1.0 μM and the limit of detection was found to be 2 nM (S/N = 3). The established method has been successfully applied to the determination of l-Cys in human urine., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Systemic venous anomaly is less common clinically, and ectopic connection of inferior vena cava is less common clinically than ectopic connection of superior vena cava. When the inferior vena cava is abnormally connected to the left atrium, a low atrial septal defect can be combined. It is difficult to make preoperative diagnosis of this kind of disease clinically. Blind occlusion of the ASD (atrial septal defect) will cause the iatrogenic inferior vena cava flowing back to the left atrium completely or partially. Conventional median thoracotomy for repair of such an atrial septal defect should be performed with more caution. It has been reported that after repair of an atrial septal defect, the inferior vena cava was mistakenly separated into the left atrium. Therefore, we suggest that preoperative evaluation of inferior atrial septal defect should be with more cautious. When transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) cannot fully explain the clinical symptoms, Ultrasound contrast may be considered. During the repair of the inferior vena cava ASD, it is not only necessary to find the location of Euclidean valve, but also to accurately explore the inferior vena cava opening so as to avoid the iatrogenic inferior vena cava being separated into the left atrium., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Rationally designing high-performance non-noble metal electrocatalysts is of essence to improve energy conversion efficiency in water splitting. Herein, a unique 3D hierarchical sheet-on-sheet heterojunction between Fe(OH) 3 and β-Ni(OH) 2 on pretreated Ni foam (NiFe-HD/pre-NF) was fabricated by a two-step strategy involving the interfacial hydrolysis-deposition of Fe 2+ and electrodeposition of Ni 2+ . The presence of the Ni-O-Fe bridge at the Fe(OH) 3 /β-Ni(OH) 2 heterointerface can induce interfacial electronic redistribution to form Ni 3+ in NiFe-HD/pre-NF, and further strengthen the adsorption of OH - and weaken the O-H bond to change the rate-determining step (RDS) for accelerating OER kinetics. Benefiting from the sheet-on-sheet architecture and dual-phase synergism on NiFe-HD/pre-NF, the optimal NiFe-HD/pre-NF exhibits excellent OER performance with a lower overpotential of 256 mV at 100 mA cm -2 , a small Tafel slope of 81 mV dec -1 , high intrinsic activity and robust stability. Alkaline water-splitting using NiFe-HD/pre-NF as the anode requires ultralow cell voltages of 1.62 V and 1.83 V at current densities of 100 mA cm -2 and 400 mA cm -2 , respectively, which are comparable with commercial alkaline water electrolysis, and operates steadily at a current density of 100 mA cm -2 for 85 h without decay. This work proposes a facile strategy for constructing heterojunctions and modulating electronic interaction to develop electrocatalysts with new architectures.

An ultrasensitive sandwich electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor was designed for determination of concanavalin A (ConA) through the specific carbohydrate-ConA interactions. Three-dimensional porous metal-organic framework (Zn-MOF) was synthesized, which loaded a large amount of luminescent reagents as luminol by encapsulating into its pores to form Zn-MOF@luminol complex. Interestingly, Zn-MOF also acted as the coreactant accelerator in the luminol-H 2 O 2 ECL system. This Zn-MOF@luminol complex was used as the signal probe to achieve a super strong and stable ECL signal. In addition, three-dimensional hierarchical molybdenum disulfide nanoflower and multiwalled carbon nanotubes complex (MoS 2 NF@MWCNTs) with peroxidase-mimicking enzyme property were used as a substrate to modify the glassy carbon electrode to further enhance the ECL signal of luminol by promoting decomposition of H 2 O 2 into reactive oxygen species (ROSs). In addition to the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) catalysis effect on the luminol ECL signal, a triple amplified ConA sandwich ECL sensor with high sensitivity sensor was constructed. The linear range for ConA detection was from 0.5 pg/mL to 100 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.3 pg/mL (S/N = 3). The recovery test for ConA in human serum samples was performed with satisfactory results. Graphical abstract.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is widely used as a chemotherapeutic agent for liver cancer. However, its clinical applications are greatly restricted by its nonselective cytotoxicity. A novel magnetic prodrug, Fe 3 O 4 @DOX, was designed, synthesized and characterized, and Fe 3 O 4 and DOX were connected by the peptide CGGAAN. The magnetic prodrug Fe 3 O 4 @DOX was successfully synthesized with average sizes of 95 nm and 322.5 nm by TEM (transmission electron microscopy) and Malvern Zetasizer instrument respectively. The maximum emission wavelength shifted from 594 nm for free DOX to 615 nm for conjugated DOX in the synthesized Fe 3 O 4 @DOX. Both free DOX and Fe 3 O 4 @DOX show strong cytotoxicity to legumain overexpressing PLC through apoptosis. Similarly, Fe 3 O 4 @DOX and DOX equally reduced tumor volume and induced cell apoptosis in tumor tissues, while the former significantly maintained body weight and extended the life of nude mice, therefore serving as a promising nanocarrier for liver cancer treatment., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Background: Both selection effects and whole genome duplication played very important roles in plant speciation and evolution, and to decipher the corresponding molecular footprint has always been a central task of geneticists. Vaccinium is species rich genus that comprised of about 450 species, and blueberry is one of the most important species of Vaccinium genus, which is gaining popularity because of high healthful value. In this article, we aimed to decipher the molecular footprints of natural selection on the single copy genes and WGD events occur in the evolutionary history of blueberry species., Results: We identified 30,143, 29,922 and 28,891 putative protein coding sequences from 45,535, 42,914 and 43,630 unigenes assembled from the leaves' transcriptome assembly of 19 rabbiteye (T1), 13 southern highbush (T2) and 22 northern highbush (T3) blueberry cultivars. A total of 17, 21 and 27 single copy orthologs were found to undergone positive selection in T1 versus T2, T1 versus T3, and T2 versus T3, respectively, and these orthologs were enriched in metabolic pathways including "Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis", "Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis", "Butanoate metabolism", "C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism" "Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis". We also detected significant molecular footprints of a recent (about 9.04 MYA), medium (about 43.44 MYA) and an ancient (about 116.39 MYA) WGD events that occurred in the evolutionary history of three blueberry species., Conclusion: Some important functional genes revealed positive selection effect in blueberry. At least three rounds of WGD events were detected in the evolutionary history of blueberry species. Our work provides insights about the genetic mechanism of adaptive evolution in blueberry and species radiation of Vaccinium in short geological scale time.

Tetrahedral NiS 2 /NiSe 2 heterocages with rich-phase boundaries are synthesized through a simultaneous sulfuration/selenylation process using Ni-based acetate hydroxide prisms as precursor. Such a nanocage-like NiS 2 /NiSe 2 heterostructure can expose more active sites, accelerate the mass transport of the ions/gas, and optimize the interfacial electronic structure, which shows a significantly lower overpotential of 290 mV at 20 mA cm -2 than those of NiS/NiS 2 and NiSe 2 as counterparts. The experimental characterizations and theoretical density functional theory (DFT) calculations unveil that the interfacial electron transfer from NiSe 2 to NiS 2 at the heterointerface can modulate the electronic structure of NiS 2 /NiSe 2 , which further cooperates synergistically to change the Gibbs free energy of oxygen-containing intermediates as the rate-determining step (RDS) from 2.16 eV (NiSe 2 ) and 2.10 eV (NiS 2 ) to 1.86 eV (NiS 2 /NiSe 2 heterostructures) during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) process. And as a result, tetrahedral NiS 2 /NiSe 2 heterocages with dual-phase synergy efficiently trigger the OER process, and accelerate the OER kinetics. This work provides insights into the roles of the interfacial electron transfer in electrocatalysis, and can be an admirable strategy to modulate the electronic structure for developing highly active electrocatalysts., (© 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

A new postchemiluminescence (PCL) reaction was observed when urea was injected into the reaction mixture after the CL reaction of N-bromosuccinimide and dichlorofluorescein. A possible reaction mechanism was proposed based on the studies of the CL kinetic characteristics, CL spectra, fluorescence spectra, and other experiments. A new flow injection CL method for the determination of urea was established based on the PCL reaction. The relative standard deviation for the determination of urea was 1.3% (n = 11, c = 5.0 × 10 -8  g/mL). The CL intensity responded linearly to the concentration of urea in the range 2.0 × 10 -9 -1.0 × 10 -6  g/mL (r = 0.9992). The detection limit was 7 × 10 -10  g/mL. The method had been applied to the determination of urea in milk with satisfactory results., (Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Tanshinol borneol ester (DBZ), a chemical combination of danshensu and borneol, is an experimental drug that exhibits efficacious anti-ischemic activity in animal models. In this work, an ultrasensitive chemiluminescence (CL) method for the determination of DBZ was established based on the inhibitory effect of DBZ on the CL signal produced from the reaction between potassium permanganate and luminol in alkaline solution. The CL intensity responded linearly to the concentration of DBZ in the range 2.0 × 10(-10) to 4.0 × 10(-8) g/mL with a detection limit of 7 × 10(-11) g/mL. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was 3.8% for 4.0 × 10(-9) g DBZ (n = 11). The proposed method showed characteristics of high sensitivity, simple device and quick. In addition, this proposed method had been applied satisfactorily to the analysis of DBZ in blood. The pharmacokinetics of DBZ in rat has also been studied using the CL method., (Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

In this paper, we utilized two different test systems to compare the haemolysis of tentacle-only extract (TOE) devoid of nematocysts from jellyfish Cyanea capillata, the 1% whole blood and 0.45% erythrocyte suspension approximately with the same erythrocyte concentration from the blood samples of sheep, rabbit, mouse, rat and human, respectively. Without exception, the haemolytic activity of TOE was dose-dependent in both test systems from all the five kinds of blood samples, while it was generally stronger in erythrocyte suspension than that in diluted whole blood at the relatively high concentration of TOE. When various aliquots of plasma were added into the erythrocyte suspension test system, the haemolytic activity of TOE was declined with the plasma quantity increasing, and dropped to about 20% at the presence of two aliquots of plasma. If serum albumin of 0.5 mg/ml, approximately the same albumin content in 1% whole blood, was added into the erythrocyte suspension test system instead, the haemolysis of TOE was similarly inhibited. The effects of GSH, ascorbic acid and protease inhibitor on the haemolytic activity of TOE were detected in the erythrocyte suspension and diluted whole blood simultaneously, and the test results were coincident between the two systems. These results suggested that the inconsistency of TOE haemolysis between the erythrocyte suspension and diluted whole blood is a universal occurrence in the mammals, and blood plasma plays a dose-dependent protective role against haemolysis which may be due to serum albumin. Diluted whole blood is a valid and convenient test system for haemolysis study in vitro., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)

Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 1B is a potential target for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. Phosphotyrosine (pTyr) is the substrate for PTP1B dephosphorylation. Malonic acid moiety was used herein as a mimic of the phosphate group in pTyr, and novel malonic acid derivatives 1-7 were designed, synthesized and evaluated as PTP1B inhibitors. Results from enzymatic assays indicated that compounds 3 and 4 exhibited potent inhibition against human recombinant PTP1B with IC50 values of 7.66 and 1.88 micromol x L(-1), respectively.

A strong post chemiluminescence (PCL) phenomenon was observed when ammonium was injected into the reaction mixture after the finish of CL reaction of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and dichlorofluorescein. Based on this, a sensitive flow injection PCL method was established for the determination of ammonium. The possible CL mechanism of the reaction was proposed based on a series of experiments. The PCL intensity responded linearly to the concentration of ammonium in the range 3.0 × 10(-11) -1.0 × 10(-7) g mL(-1) with a detection limit of 1 × 10(-11) g mL(-1). The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) was 1.4% for 1.0 × 10(-9) g mL(-1) ammonium (n=11). This method had been applied to the determination of ammonium in samples of mineral water, tap water and river water., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A molecular imprinted polymer of morphine was synthesized. Using the imprinted polymer as the recognition material, sodium sulfite as the protective agent, and a potassium permanganate-morphine chemiluminescence system as the detection system, a molecular imprinting-chemiluminescence method for the determination of morphine was established. The linear response range of this method was 5.0 x 10-9-1.0 x 10-6 g/mL (r = 0.9981) and the detection limit was 2 x 10-9 g/mL. The coefficient of variation for 1.0 x 10-7 g/mL morphine solution was 2.8% (n = 9). This method was applied to the determination of morphine in the urine of the heroin abusers with satisfactory results.

We constructed the AFP promotor, suicide gene and EGFP eukaryotic expression vector recombinant plasmid, and this plasmid DNA was encapsulated by biodegradable, biocompatible polymer PLGA to prepare nanoparticles. The results demonstrate that the mean diameter of DNA-PLGA-NP is 68 nm, the encapsulation ratio reaches to 80%, and the PLGA nanoparticles can protect plasmid DNA from digestion by deoxyribonuclease I (DNaseI) and sonication-induced shearing in vitro.