Search

The article discusses a study that compares the antioxidant activity of Reseda (R.) villosa and Reseda duriaeana from Algeria. It states that the n-butanolic and methanolic extracts of R. duriaeana and R. villosa were analyzed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) system. It reveals that better antioxidant activity was observed in the n-butanolic and methalonic extracts of R. duriaeana than those of R. villosa which is said to be influenced by the presence of quercitin derivatives.

Phytochemical investigations of the roots of Scabiosa semipapposa Salzem ex D.C. have led to the isolation of 12 undescribed triterpenoid saponins named semipapposides A-L, one undescribed saponin semipapposide M obtained as an inseparable mixture, together with three known oleanolic acid glycosides. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of 1D and 2D-NMR (1H–1H COSY, TOCSY, HSQC-TOCSY, HSQC, ROESY or NOESY, and HMBC) spectroscopic data and mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), and by comparison with those of related metabolites. All saponins possess a partial sequence rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-xylopyranosyl or rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-arabinopyranosyl- at C-3 of the aglycon and a gentiobiose unit at C-28. These results represent a contribution to the knowledge of the saponins of Scabiosa species and their chemotaxonomy. Image 1 • Scabiosa semipapposa Salzem ex D.C collected in Algeria was phytochemically investigated. • Thirteen previously undescribed triterpene saponins were isolated. • Their structures were elucidated by 1D, 2D-NMR and HRESIMS analyses. • This is a contribution to the chemotaxonomy of the genus Scabiosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eleven previously undescribed triterpene saponins, named silenegallisaponin A-K (1 – 11), were isolated from the aerial parts of Silene gallica L. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of 1D and 2D-NMR spectroscopic data and mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS). The saponins comprised caulophyllogenin, echinocystic acid, or quillaic acid substituted at C-3 by a β - d -glucuronic acid or β - d -galactopyranosyl-(1 → 3)- β - d -glucuronopyranoside and at C-28 by a β - d -fucopyranose substituted at C-2 by a β - d -glucose and at C-3 by a β - d -glucose or a β - d -quinovose. Image 1 • Eleven undescribed triterpenoid saponins were isolated from Silene gallica L. • Their structures were elucidated by 1D, 2D-NMR and HRESIMS analyses. • A chemotaxonomic significance is given in the conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five undescribed ursane-type triterpenes, identified as 1 β ,3 β ,15 α -trihydroxy-urs-9(11)-12-diene (1), 1 β ,3 β ,15 α ,28-tetrahydroxy-urs-9(11),12-diene (2), 1 β ,3 β -dihydroxy-urs-9(11),12-dien-28-al (3), 1 β ,3 β ,7 β ,15 α ,28-pentahydroxy-urs-12-ene (4), and 1 β ,3 β ,15 α -trihydroxy-urs-11-en-28-al (5), together with five known compounds (6 – 10), were isolated from the acetone extract of the dried aerial parts of Salvia argentea L. var. aurasiaca (Pomel) Batt. et Trab. (Lamiaceae). Structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis including HR-ESI-MS, 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques and comparison with literature data. The antibacterial evaluation of compounds 1 – 10 of the acetone extract of the dried aerial parts, in addition to nine compounds (11 – 19) previously isolated from the extract of the fresh aerial parts, by bioautography on Staphylococcus aureus followed by the determination of MIC values of active compounds by serial dilution technique against five bacteria, revealed that two compounds have an antibacterial effect comparable to antibiotics. The cytotoxic activity evaluation of compounds 1 – 19 showed that Six compounds exhibited an antiproliferative activity against K562 and HT1080 cells with IC 50 values ranging from 30.25 to 70.32 μM. Unlabelled Image [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the antioxidant activities and flavanoid of Stachys ocymastrum species. It says that aerial parts of Stachys ocymastrum were collected from Djebel El-Ouahch in Constantine, Algeria which were air-dried and powdered and macerated in a methanolic solution. It mentions that a modified method of T. Hatano and colleagues was used to measure the radical scavenging activity of the species' butanolic extract and discovered that it had a good antioxidant activity.

A correction to the article "Flavonoids and Antioxidant Activity of Thapsia garganica from Algeria" by Salih Chibani and colleagues is presented.

A new acylated flavonol triglycoside, quercetin-3- O -(5'- p -hydroxybenzoyl)-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→2)[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-galactopyranoside ( 1 ), was isolated from the aerial parts of Astragalus armatus subsp. numidicus (Murb.) Emb. & Maire as well as ten known compounds, one phenolic compound, one flavonol-aglycone and eight flavonol-glycosides distributed into two monoglycosides, three diglycosides and three triosides. Their structures were mainly determined by 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments ( 1 H, 13 C, COSY, HSQC, HMBC). The chloroform, ethyl acetate, n -butanol and hydroethanol extracts were tested for their antioxidant activity using five methods (DPPH, ABTS, Reducing power, CUPRAC and Phenanthroline). The ethyl acetate extract was the most active in CUPRAC (A 0.5 : 50.28 ± 2.16 µg/mL), ABTS (IC 50 : 49.73 ± 1.55 µg/mL) and Reducing power (A 0.5 : 58.13 ± 4.35 µg/mL) assays, whereas the hydroethanol and n -BuOH exhibited the highest activity in the Phenanthroline assay (A 0.5 : 9.93 ± 0.16) and (A 0.5 : 10.27 ± 0.44 µg/mL), respectively.

A new triterpene saponin, 2, 3, 21, 23-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic-acid-28- O -β-D- glucosyl-(2''→1')-β-D-glucoside ( 1 ), was isolated from the n -butanol extract of dried aerial parts of Salvia argentea L. (Lamiaceae) in addition to two known flavonoids, apigenin 7- O -β-D-glucoside ( 2 ), threo-guaiacylglycerol 3- O -[6- O - p -hydroxybenzoyl]-β-D-glucoside ( 3 ), luteolin 7- O -β-D-glucoside ( 4 ), verbascoside ( 5 ) and rosmarinic acid ( 6 ). The structure elucidation of these compounds was based on analyses of spectroscopic data including 1D-, 2D-NMR and HR-ESI-MS techniques and by comparing their NMR data with those reported in the literature. Compound 6 exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in DPPH assay (IC 50 <3.00 µg/mL) which was better than the standards BHA, BHT, Trolox and ascorbic acid.

The n -butanol extract of Stachys arvensis (L.) L. aerial parts (BESA) was analysed by LC-HRMS/MS. 43 Polyphenols, including flavonoids, cinnamic acid derivatives, phenylethaoids, chromones, gallotannins, coumarins and chalcones with hyperoside (13.85%), panasenoside (10.31%), myricitrin (7.89%) and sayaendoside (7.16%), as the major compounds, were identified. High total phenolics (470.21 ± 1.22 mg GAE/g extract) and total flavonoids (189.05 ± 0.72 mg QE/g extract) contents were measured. In addition, the BESA exhibited a higher antioxidant effect in CUPRAC (A 0.5 :0.45 ± 0.03 μg/mL), DPPH (IC 50 :4.51 ± 0.16 μg/mL) and ABTS (IC 50 :7.10 ± 0.18 μg/mL) assays than the standards BHA and α-Tocopherol. Moreover the extract showed a good inhibitory effect against BChE (IC 50 : 145.02 ± 0.03 μg/mL) and α-amylase (IC 50 :2.66 ± 0.0024 mg/mL). The BESA exhibited an excellent anti-inflammatory activity (IC 50 :416 ± 0,056 μg/mL) which was close to that of acetylsalicylic acid, used as a control. The BESA was toxic towards T. molitor larvae and it possessed a good antibacterial activity against gram (+) and gram (-) tested strains.

The polyphenolic profile of the hydroethanol extract of Asphodelus fistulosis L. roots (HEAFR) was determined using LC-HRMS/MS technique while its antioxidant activity was evaluated using five different methods (DPPH, reducing power, reduction via Fe +2 phenanthroline complex formation, ABTS •+ , silver ion reduction capacity). In addition, preliminary toxicity and cytotoxicity of the HEAFR were assessed on larvae. The results revealed the presence of 40 polyphenols, with luteolin (23.89%), luteolin-7- O- β - D-glucoside (15.32%), emodin (13.49%) and feruloyltyramine (10.57%) as major compounds. The highest antioxidant activity was shown in the ABTS •+ assay (IC 50 : 89.34 ± 5.65 μg/mL) whereas preliminary toxicity and cytotoxicity tests showed that this extract is non-toxic. Moreover, the HEAFR exhibited a good protective effect of erythrocyte membranes at a high concentration of 800 μg/mL and showed comparable stabilisation efficiency to gallic acid at a concentration of 200 μg/mL. These findings highlight the HEAFR potential as a non-toxic antioxidant agent with protective effects on cell membranes.

The polyphenolic compounds of the n -butanol fraction of Linum tenue Desf. (BFLTe) were characterised by RP-UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS analyses with the main presence of 6,8-di- C -glucosyl naringenin (11.7%), vicenin 2-isomer 2 (8.18%), luteolin-7,3'-di- O- β -D- glucoside (7.18%), isovitexin (5.98%), luteolin-7- O -β-D-glucoside (5.713%), myricitrin (4.41%), luteolin-4'- O -β -D -glucoside (4.04%), chlorogenic acid (28.68%), 3-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-3 H -2-benzofuran-1-one (8.17%) and p -coumaric acid (4.0%.). The antioxidant capacity was evaluated using three complementary methods (DPPH, ABTS and Reducing power). Additionally, the antimicrobial activity was tested against eight bacterial strains and the fungi Candida albicans whereas the antidiabetic activity was performed against α -amylase. The anti-Alzheimer activity was tested by inhibiting the butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The BFLTe showed, for the first-time, a good antioxidant potential in DPPH (IC 50 :68.83 ± 2.74 µg/mL), ABTS (IC 50 :48.73 ± 1.07 µg/mL) and Reducing power assays (A 0.50 :99.98 ± 1.18 µg/mL) and a moderate antimicrobial activity with 250 and 500 µg/mL MICs values. Moreover, the fraction exhibited an excellent inhibition of the BChE (IC 50 :33.00 ± 0.85 µg/mL) and α -amylase (IC 50 :1093.13 ± 12.93 µg/mL).

Chemical investigation of the aerial parts of Pentzia monodiana Maire led to the isolation and identification of one sesquiterpene lactone glucoside of the guaianolide type (dihydropseudoivalin-4- O - β -d-glucopyranoside), along with nine known compounds including one diterpenoid, two sesquiterpenoids, three lignanes and three flavonoids. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. All these compounds were evaluated for their DPPH radical scavenging and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Only lignanes and flavonoids showed good to moderate DPPH radical scavenging activity with EC 50 ranging from 10.6 to 47.5 μM. The new sesquiterpene lactone glucoside showed low tyrosinase inhibitory activity whereas the isolated lignanes and flavonoids exhibited a moderate activity with IC 50 ranging from 45.4 to 97.2 μM).

In this study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC), secondary metabolite composition (LC-HRMS/MS analyses) and antioxidant potential (DPPH, ABTS, GOR, CUPRAC, and phenanthroline assays) of Linum trigynum L. (LT) extracts were determined. Our results showed for the first time that the extracts (PE, CHCl 3 , AcOEt, and n -BuOH) of LT exert antioxidant activity. The AcOEt and n -BuOH extracts were the most antioxidant compared to the standards, and had a higher amount of TPC (323.51 ± 0.62; 229.98 ± 6.80 µg GAE/mL) and TFC (183.75 ± 1.17 and 157.50 ± 1.77 µg QE/mL), resectively. The high antioxidant properties of these extracts may be due to their major compounds (phenolic compounds) detected by LC-HRMS/MS analyses including flavonoids (40 compounds) and phenolic acids and derivatives (18 and 19 compounds, respectively). AcOEt and n -BuOH extracts of LT can be used as an excellent source of antioxidant phytochemicals to prevent or treat various diseases.

The phytochemical profiles of the ethyl acetate (EAFCA) and n -butanol (BFCA) fractions of the aerial parts of Cistus albidus L., were characterised by a developed LC-ESI-MS/MS method, using 53 fingerprint phytochemicals, revealing the presence of 26 and 22 compounds, respectively with quinic acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, catechin, gentisic acid, tannic acid, ellagic acid, quercitrin, astragalin as the major compounds of the EAFCA, in very higher amounts than in the BFCA. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using six methods (DPPH • , ABTS •+ , GOR • , CUPRAC, FRAP and Phenanthroline). In agreement with its highest polyphenolic content (430.12 ± 1.02 µg GAE/mg of extract) and largest amounts of identified polyphenolics, the EAFCA exhibited a higher antioxidant activity than the BFCA. Additionally, the EAFCA showed the highest acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition (IC 50 of 25.1 ± 2.58 µg/mL). Moreover, both EAFCA and BFCA demonstrated high photoprotective activity, with sun protection factor (SPF) values of 36.49 and 36.52, respectively.

Fourty five polyphenols were identified in the hydroethanol extract of Achillea ligustica All. by LC-HRMS/MS with caffeoyl-6-oleside (5.74%), eucommin A (4.03%), quercetin-3- O -β-D-glucoside (3.13%) and cirsimaritin (2.95%) as the major compounds. A good antioxidant potential was shown in DPPH, ABTS and phenanthroline tests and the highest antioxidant activity (A 0.5 :36.23 ± 3.07 μg/mL), which was close to the standard α-tocopherol, was shown in Reducing power. The extract inhibited the growth of all tested microorganisms with MICs ranging between 10 and 190 μg/mL. In the acute toxicity test, no death was observed at doses of 100, 750 and 1500 mg/Kg with DL 50 higher than 2000 mg/Kg. In analgesic in vivo assay, the extract showed a very important capacity to reduce pain, whether central or peripheral, with a certain dose-dependent relationship. For the three tests (tail flick, hot plate and acetic acid assay), the effective dose was 750 mg/kg.

A hemisynthesis ' in situ ' reaction of (thio)barbituric acids with an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde using perillaldehyde from Ammodaucus leucotrichus essential oil, afforded chromeno-pyrimidine derivatives B-1 and B-2 . The reaction was carried out in water and water/ethanol medium without a catalyst. The obtained pyrimidines were identified by their spectral 1 H, 13 C, Dept-135, HMBC, HSQC, COSY, and NOESY 2D. The antioxidant activity of both compounds was evaluated using different in vitro methods (DPPH, ABTS, and CUPRAC). The hemisynthesized molecules exhibited a bacteriostatic effect against ten tested gram (+) and gram (-) strains. According to the molecular docking analysis, B-1 showed lower binding energies compared to B-2 against (PDB: 1HD2) and (PDB: 1KZN) targets, which is in agreement with the ABTS and E. Coli assays. Furthermore, a probable promising anti-HIV activity was noticed against reverse transcriptase (PDB: 2RKI), a key enzyme for HIV replication. The ADME properties calculations showed no Lipinski's rule violation for both compounds.

According to the WHO, the overall age-standardized cancer rate keeps declining, and the number of cases diagnosed each year increases, remaining among the leading causes of death in 91 out of 172 recorded countries. In this context, novel cancer prediction and therapeutic protocols are compulsory. The effect of a Stachys circinata L'Hér dichloromethane extract (ScDME) on cell redox homeostasis and tumor proliferation was investigated. HepG2 cell feedback mechanisms to oxidative stress exposure were evaluated by determining catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH), following the supply with ScDME (0.0-5.7 µg/µL). Cytotoxicity of ScDME against the human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) and two human cancer cell lines (breast: MCF7; liver: HepG2) was evaluated by the MTT assay. H 2 O 2 -stressed HepG2 cells supplied with the S. circinata extracts exhibited significantly increased CAT and GSH activity as compared to unsupplied ones. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts was evaluated by real time-qPCR on IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α expression. As a result, this research points out that S. circinata dichloromethane extract owns anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties against MCF7 and HepG2 cells and activates CAT and GSH of the HepG2 cells' antioxidant enzyme system.

In this study, six vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) fractions (F1-F6) of the n -BuOH extract of L. numidicum Murb. (BELN) were examined for their anticancer capacity. The composition of secondary metabolites was analyzed by LC-HRMS/MS. The antiproliferative effect against PC3 and MDA-MB-231 lines was evaluated by MTT assay. Apoptosis of PC3 cells was detected by annexin V-FITC/PI staining using a flow cytometer. The results showed that only fractions 1 and 6 inhibited PC3 and MDA-MB 231 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and induced dose-dependent apoptosis of PC3 cells, evidenced by the accumulation of early and late apoptotic cells, and by the decrease in viable cells. LC-HRMS/MS profiling of fractions 1 and 6 revealed the presence of known compounds that may be responsible for the observed anticancer activity. F1 and F6 may be an excellent source of active phytochemicals for cancer treatment.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: A rising resort to herbal therapies in Crohn's disease (CD) alternative treatments has been recently observed due to their remarkable natural efficiency. In this context, the weed plant Ambrosia maritima L., traditionally known as Hachich el Aouinet in Algeria and as Damsissa in Egypt and Sudan, is widely used in North African folk medicine to treat infections, inflammatory diseases, gastrointestinal and urinary tract disturbances, rheumatic pain, respiratory problems, diabetes, hypertension and cancer., Aim of the Study: To assess an Ambrosia maritima L. phenolic extract for its phenolic profile composition, its potential antioxidant activity in vitro, and its cytoprotective effect on cultured primary human endothelial cells (ECs) stressed with H 2 O 2 and sera from CD patients., Materials and Methods: Phenolic compound extraction was performed with a low-temperature method. Extract chemical profile was attained by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS. The extract in vitro antioxidant activity was assessed using several methods including cupric ion reducing power, DPPH radical scavenging assay, O-Phenanthroline free radical reducing activity, ABTS cation radical decolourisation assay, Galvinoxyl free radicals scavenging assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species levels were evaluated in human endothelial cells by H 2 DCFDA, while cell viability was assessed by MTT., Results: The phenolic compounds extraction showed a yield of 17.66% with three di-caffeoylquinic acid isomers detected for the first time in Ambrosia maritima L. Using different analytical methods, a significant in vitro antioxidant activity was reported for the Ambrosia maritima L. extract, with an IC 50 value of 14.33 ± 3.86 μg/mL for the Galvinoxyl antioxidant activity method. Challenged with ECs the Ambrosia maritima L. extract showed a biphasic dose-dependent effect on H 2 O 2 -treated cells, cytoprotective and antioxidant at low doses, and cytotoxic and prooxidant at high doses, respectively. Viability and ROS levels data also demonstrated a prooxidant and cytotoxic effect of CD sera on cultured ECs. Interestingly, 10 μg/mL of Ambrosia maritima L. extract was able to counteract both CD sera-induced oxidative stress and ECs death., Conclusion: Our data indicated Ambrosia maritima L. as a source of bioactive phenolics potentially employable as a natural alternative for CD treatment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Context: Linum is the largest genus of the Linaceae family; the species of this genus are known to have anticancer activity., Objective: In this study, ethyl acetate extracts of L. numidicum Murb. (EAELN) and L. trigynum L. (EAELT) were examined, for the first time, for their anticancer capacity. The secondary metabolites compositions were analysed by LC-HRMS/MS., Materials and Methods: The antiproliferative effect of EAELN and EAELT (0-10.000 μg/mL) against PC3 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines were  evaluated by the MTT assay after 72 h of treatment. Flow cytometer analysis of apoptosis (Annexin V-FITC/PI) and cell cycle (PI/RNase) was also performed after treatment with EAELN and EAELT at 250, 500, and 1000 μg/mL, for 24 h., Results: EAELN had the highest antiproliferative activity against PC3 (IC 50 133.2 ± 5.73 μg/mL) and MDA-MB-231 (IC 50 156.9 ± 2.83 μg/mL) lines, EAELN had also shown better apoptotic activity with 19 ± 2.47% (250 μg/mL), 87.5 ± 0.21% (500 μg/mL), and 92 ± 0.07% (1000 μg/mL), respectively, causing cell cycle arrest of PC3 cells in G2/M phase, whereas arrest in G0/G1 and G2/M phases was observed after treatment with EAELT. LC-HRMS/MS profiling of the extracts revealed the presence of known compounds that might be responsible for the observed anticancer activity such as chicoric acid, vicenin-2, vitexin and podophyllotoxin-β-d-glucoside., Discussion and Conclusions: We have shown, for the first time, that EAELN and EAELT exert anticancer activity through cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. EAELN can be considered as a source to treat cancer. Further studies will be required to evaluate the effect of the active compounds, once identified, on other cancer cell lines.

Thirteen undescribed triterpenoid saponins named monellosides A-M, were isolated from the aerial parts of Anagallis monelli ssp. linifolia (L.) Maire, together with ten known oleanane-type glycosides. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D-NMR spectroscopy (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, HMBC and ROESY) as well as high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) and acid hydrolysis. Monellosides A-M have a carbohydrate chain linked on the C-3 of the aglycone with a common β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-l-arabinopyranosyl sequence which was further glycosylated by a glucose and/or a xylose. The sequence β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-]α-l-arabinopyranosyl was common to all the 13,28-epoxy-oleanane core skeleton except one compound. In order to discuss the reclassification of Anagallis in Primulaceae, we compared saponins from species of Myrsinaceae and Primulaceae families and showed that these species were characterized by a pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin with a 13,28-epoxy bridge skeleton. Our phytochemical results increase the knowledge of saponins of the genus Anagallis, their chemotaxonomy and stimulate the evaluation of the biological activities of these saponins., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The structural and antioxidant activity of two flavonols, namely, Fisetin and Robinetin, have been investigated employing the density functional theory (DFT) using B3LYP functional and 6-311++G (d, p) basis set. The calculations were performed in the gas phase and under the solvent effect of water, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), methanol, and benzene. The Hydrogen-Atom Transfer (HAT), single Electron Transfer Followed by Proton Transfer (SET-PT), and sequential Proton Loss Electron Transfer (SPLET) mechanisms were investigated to rationalize the radical scavenging capacities and to identify the favored antioxidant mechanism. Hence, the bond dissociation enthalpies (BDE) ionization potential (IP), IE, proton dissociation enthalpy (PDE), proton affinity (PA), and electron Transfer enthalpy (ETE) related to each mechanism were reported and discussed in function of the solvent effect. For both flavonols, the results showed that 4'-OH hydroxyl is the preferred active site following the trend 4'-OH > 3'-OH > 3-OH > (5'-OH) > 7-OH. Besides, the HAT mechanism is energetically the most favored pathway. The energetically favored solvents follow the trends water > DMSO > benzene > methanol and benzene > DMSO > methanol > water, for Fisetin and Robinetin, respectively., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Introduction: Two medicinal plants, Ambrosia maritima and Bituminaria bituminosa, growing in Algeria were investigated for their flavonoids content and their biological activities., Methodology: Different organic extracts were prepared from the aerial parts of each plant using maceration method followed by liquid/liquid type extractions. The anti-antioxidant activity was tested using the β-carotene bleaching method. The anti-inflammatory activity was tested by performing the protein anti-denaturation assay. Acute toxicity and immunostimulatory effect were tested in mice, while the antimicrobial activity was tested according to the minimal inhibition concentration technique., Results: In term of flavonoids content, ethyl acetate extract of B. bituminosa was the highest (193.39 ± 24.1 µg QE/mg). Ethyl acetate extract of A. maritima showed antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 11.72 ± 0.79 µg/mL. The hydroethanolic extract of A. maritima showed the best anti-denaturation effect in a dose-dependent manner with the IC50 value of 131.07 ± 0.027 µg/mL. The studied plants showed no toxicity or mortality in vivo. Both plants showed a significant immunostimulatory effect; while the Butanolic extract of B. bituminosa demonstrated the best antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans strains., Conclusions: We recommend A. maritima and B. bituminosa as potent sources of antioxidants and as antimicrobial agents for further assays to better elucidate their actions on the immune system., Competing Interests: No Conflict of Interest is declared, (Copyright (c) 2022 Iman Ramli, Sakina Zerizer, Lynda Gali, Fatma Zahra Sakhri, Zahia Kabouche, Donatella Usai, Leonardo Antonio Sechi.)

In this study, phytochemical profiling of hydro-alcoholic extract of Ammoides atlantica aerial parts has been carried out using RP-UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS in negative ionization mode Chemical characterization was established according to the MS and MS/MS spectra. A total of 66 chemical compounds were detected. Among these, 45 compounds were identified: hydroxycinnamic acid and derivatives (26), hydroxybenzoic acids (4), flavones (11), flavonols (3), and a lignan. Total phenolics (371.57 mg/g) and total flavonoids (41.02 mg/g) contents were also determined. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of A. atlantica extract was also studied by six methods: DPPH (IC 50 : 23.31 µg/mL), ABTS + (IC 50 : 11.31 µg/mL), O 2 - DMSO alkaline (IC 50 : 3.19 µg/mL), ferrous ions chelating assays (IC 50 : 102.35 µg/mL), reducing power (A 0.50 : 92.70 µg/mL) and CUPRAC (A 0.50 : 13.56 µg/mL) assays. These results suggest that the antioxidant activity of the hydroalcoholic extract was comparable to common antioxidant additives in most of the tests, representing a good alternative.

It is known that chronic stress is a contributing factor to several physical and mental diseases. In this study, we examined the effect of hydroethanolic extract of Cydonia oblonga fruit (HECO, 300 mg/kg) in chronically immobilized rats on physiological and behavioral parameters by the open field test (OFT), sucrose preference test (SPT), and forced swimming test (FST) and on neurological alterations by analysis of the hippocampal neurogenesis. A daily 6 hr exposure to chronic immobilization stress (CIS) for 21 consecutive days induced anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in rats' concomitant with decreased weight gain and increased plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels, rats also showed atrophy in the CA3 subregion of the hippocampus and a decreased number of Ki67 and DCX positive cells in the dentate gyrus (DG). Treatment with HECO successfully suppressed the physiological and behavioral markers of the CIS and prevents the structural abnormality and the impaired cell proliferation in the hippocampus. Moreover, the daily administration of HECO improved the mood function in normal rats. Taking together, our findings demonstrate, for the first time, the anti-depressive effect of C. oblonga fruit by enhancing the hippocampal neurogenesis in the rat model of depression., (© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The fresh aerial parts of Thymus willdenowii Boiss. & Reut. (syn. Thymus hirtus Willd.) were hydrodistilled in a Clevenger type apparatus and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. 44 Components were identified representing 97.3%, with 1,8-cineole (34.62%), camphor (18.55%), α-pinene (9.46%) and camphene (5.38%) as the main components. T. willdenowii essential oil was not cytotoxic (CC 50 = 97.65 µg/mL) towards Vero non-tumoural cells, exhibiting good antibacterial and antiproliferative (30.8 ± 3.1% inhibition) potentials against four tested pathogenic bacteria and Human colorectal cell line HT-29, respectively. The essential oil did not show a DPPH radical scavenging activity, by Electron Spin Resonance spectroscopy (ESR), and it lacks antiviral effect towards coxsackievirus B3.

A new C -glycosylflavone, identified as 6"'- O -acetylisospinosin (1), was isolated from the aerial parts of Cladanthus mixtus together with 30 known compounds. The structures of these compounds were established by interpretation of their spectral data, mainly UV, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic methods including ( 1 H and 13 C NMR, COSY, ROESY, HSQC and HMBC experiments), ESI-MS, and by comparison with the literature data.

One new natural monoterpene, 5- O - β -d-glucopyranosyl-2-hydroxy- p -cymene (1: ), and 11 known compounds were isolated through a biologically oriented approach from the aerial parts of Phagnalon sordidum L. The most active extract and fractions were selected using 3 complementary antioxidant activity assays. Results and the different methods were compared by relative antioxidant capacity index. In addition, the most active extract of P. sordidum was subjected to liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization hybrid linear ion trap quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry to quantify secondary metabolites. Antioxidant activities of ethyl acetate extract, and purified 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone (3: ) and nebrodenside A (7: ) were demonstrated by in vitro cell free model assays, and their protective effect against H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress in a HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma) cell line was established., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

In this paper, the isolation of five new guaianolides (1:  - 5: ) and four (6:  - 9: ) known sesquiterpenes from Ormenis mixta aerial parts is reported. The structural determination of the guaianolides was obtained by NMR spectroscopic data, as well as MS experiments. Their relative configurations were assigned by a combined quantum mechanical/NMR approach, comparing the experimental 13 C/ 1 H NMR chemical shift data and 1 J H-H homonuclear coupling constants with the related predicted values. The isolates were assayed for their anti-inflammatory potential evaluating nitric oxide release and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in J774A.1 macrophages treated with lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli . Our results indicated that, among the tested compounds, 1:  - 3: , and 7: were able to inhibit nitric oxide release, while all were able to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 expression with different potencies., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Ten new iridoid glycosides (1-10) and two new monoterpenoids (11 and 12), together with nine known compounds (13-21), were isolated from the n-butanol extract of the aerial parts of Anarrhinum pedatum. The structural characterization of all compounds was performed by spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS experiments. The isolates were assayed for their antiangiogenic activity by two in vivo models, using zebrafish embryos and chicken chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs). The results showed that among the new compounds 6'- O-menthiafoloylmussaenosidic acid-11-(5- O-β-d-fructopyranosyl) ester (9) exhibited the most potent antiangiogenic activity in both the zebrafish embryos and CAM assays, reducing the growth of blood vessels. Antiangiogenic effects were also observed for the known compounds 6- O-nerol-8-oyl-antirrinoside (13), antirrinoside (14), 6- O- trans- and cis- p-coumaroyl antirrinoside (15), and (6 S)-2 E-2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxyocta-2,7-dienoic acid β-glucopyranosyl ester (18).

Eight undescribed triterpenoid saponins, scabiostellatosides A-H, together with three known compounds were isolated from the whole plant of Scabiosa stellata L. Their structures were established by spectroscopic analyses (1D, 2D-NMR and HRESIMS) and chemical methods. Scabiostellatosides A-H were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against human fibrosarcoma cell line (HT1080). Scabiostellatoside F, a heptasaccharide derivative of oleanolic acid, exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against HT1080 cell line with IC 50 value of 12.0 μM., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

A new 2-alkylhydroquinone glucoside, 1-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-1,4-dihydroxy-2-((E) 2-oxo-3-butenyl)benzene (1), in addition to nine known compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of Phagnalon saxatile (L.) Cass. (Asteraceae). Their structures were identified based on spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR, mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), UV spectral analyses and by comparison with literature data. The cytotoxic activity of three isolated compounds (1-3) was evaluated against fibrosarcoma (HT1080), human lung cancer (A549) and breast cancer (MCF7) cell lines.

This study presents the chemical profile investigation of a 70% ethanol extract obtained from Scabiosa stellata, a medicinal herbaceous traditionally used to treat heel cracks. A 13 C NMR-based dereplication methodology was firstly applied on centrifugal partition chromatography-generated fractions in order to quickly identify the major compounds of the extract. The dereplication process was then completed by semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography in order to identify unknown or minor compounds. Two new bis-iridoids, namely 7-O-caffeoyl-sylvestroside I (1) and 7-O-(p-coumaroyl)-sylvestroside I (2), together with ten known compounds (3-12) were isolated. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including NMR and HR-ESI-MS. The antibacterial, anti-tyrosinase and DPPH radical scavenging activities of the crude extract, fractions, and isolated compounds were evaluated. A significant antibacterial activity was observed for nine isolated compounds, particularly 1 and 2 which yielded MIC values of 31.2μg/mL against Enterococcus faecalis and 62.5μg/mL against Staphylococcus epidermidis. The cytotoxic activity of these new bis-iridoids was evaluated on a fibrosarcoma cell line (HT1080) and only compound 1 exhibited a moderate cytotoxic activity (IC 50 35.9μg/mL)., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Five previously undescribed bisdesmosidic triterpenoid saponins named calendustellatosides A-E, along with fifteen known compounds were isolated from the 70% ethanol whole plant extract of Calendula stellata Cav. (Asteraceae). Their structures were determined by 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy as well as high resolution mass spectrometry and acid hydrolysis. The saponins comprised oleanolic acid, echinocystic acid, morolic acid or mesembryanthemoidigenic acid as the aglycones and saccharide moieties at C-3 and C-28. Like most Calendula saponins, the sugar moiety linked at C-3 was either β-d-glucose or β-d-glucuronic acid which could be substituted at C-3 by a β-d-galactose and/or C-2 by a supplementary β-d-galactose or a β-d-glucose. The sugar moiety linked to C-28 was determined as β-d-glucose. The antibacterial evaluation of compounds 1-20 by bioautography on Staphylococcus aureus followed by the determination of MIC values of active compounds by serial dilution technique against 5 bacteria revealed that; calendustellatoside D was the most active against Enterococcus faecalis with an antibacterial effect comparable to antibiotics. The cytotoxic activities of isolated compounds were evaluated against fibrosarcoma cell line (HT1080) and human lung cancer cell line (A549). Calendustellatosides B and D exhibited a low cytotoxic activity against HT1080 cell line with IC 50 values of 47 ± 0.6 and 39 ± 0.5 μM, respectively., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

One new cardenolide, 3-O-β-D-allopyranosylcoroglaucigenin (salsotetragonin) (1), was isolated from the aerial parts of Salsola tetragona Delile with four known cardenolides (2-5); two known flavonoids (6-7), three known phenolic compounds (8-10) and two known fatty acids (11-12). Their structures were identified by spectroscopic analyses and by comparison of their spectral data with those reported in the literature. Compounds 1-5, 7, 10 and 12 were isolated from the genus Salsola for the first time. This is the first report on cardenolides identified in the Amaranthaceae family.

This paper describes the preparation and the biological evaluation of α-halogenated oxaphosphinanes. These halogen derivatives were synthetized from a short and stereoselective synthetic sequence starting by previously described hydroxy-precursors 1 and 2 with respectively a glucose and mannose-like configuration. The in vitro biological tests of these unnatural halogenated phosphinosugars, on several cell lines, highlighted, for some of them, their antiproliferative and anti migration and invasion properties at nanomolar concentration., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Ten triterpenoids were isolated from the exudate of Salvia argentea L. var. aurasiaca (Pomel) Batt. & Trab. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS analyses as 11α-methoxyurs-12-ene-1β,3β,15α-triol (1), urs-12-ene-1β,3β,11α,15α-tetraol (2), 11α-methoxyurs-12-ene-1β,3β-diol (3), 1β,3β,15α-trihydroxy-11α-methoxyurs-12-en-28-al (4), 1β,3β,15α-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-al (5), urs-12-ene-1β,3β,15α,28-tetraol (6), 11α-methoxyurs-12-ene-1β,3β,28-triol (7), 13β,28-epoxyurs-12-ene-1β,3β-diol (8), urs-12-ene-3β,7β,15α,28-tetraol (9) and olean-12-ene-3β,7β,15α,28-tetraol (10). A chemotaxonomic survey of the triterpenoids of Salvia species show that triterpenoids from the exudate of S. argentea var. aurasiaca (Pomel) Batt. & Trab., provide some features, such as hydroxylation at C-15, and hydroxylation at C-7. On this basis, S. argentea L. var. aurasiaca (Pomel) Batt. & Trab., is quite different from S. argentea L., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The waterdistilled essential oil from dried aerial parts of one of the Algerian thymes, Thymus fontanesii Boiss. & Reut. grown in Setif province, Algeria, was analyzed by GC/MS. Fifteen components were characterized representing 99.4% of the total components detected. The major components of the oil were thymol (67.8%), gamma-terpinene (15.9%) and p-cymene (13.0%).