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Correction of the saddle nasal deformity requires generous elevation and mobilization of the overlying soft tissue, the restoration of skeletal support, and the provision of nasal mucosa lining ("the forgotten link"). For moderate to severe saddle deformities, calvarial bone grafts serve well to reconstruct the disrupted skeletal framework.

The first direct observations of surface-profile effects on X-ray-photoelectron angular distributions are reported. Ratios of Al 2p (oxide) and Al 2p (metal) peak intensities were measured at various electron emission angles for two different types of specimens consisting of an aluminum substrate with a surface oxide layer. For triangular-periodic diffraction grating surfaces with 10°, 20°, and 43° blaze angles, pronounced structure was observed in the ratio angular distributions; theoretical calculations based upon the ideal grating geometries furthermore reproduce all of the features found experimentally. For unidirectionally-polished aluminum specimens, ratio angular distributions measured perpendicular and parallel to the polishing grooves were found to be markedly different, with more oxide enhancement being possible at low electron emission angles for the parallel orientation; this finding is also qualitatively consistent with theory.

A method is described to correct major vermilion defects by using a transverse, cross-lip, vermilion flap. Sizable defects can be easily filled in to obtain an upper lip with better contour and simultaneously reduce the unpleasant fullness of the lower lip to produce better balance between the two lips.

Patients with excessive vertical dimension of the maxilla undergo substantial improvement when correction is planned with the assistance of an orthodontist. Both the skeletal and soft tissue deformities must be corrected.

The elution volumes of 46 soluble organic compounds in gel chromatography using Sephadex G-15 and G-25 were measured, and the fractionation of organic pollutants by gel chromatography was discussed. In the case of compounds whose structures consist of some unit structure like polyethyleneglycols and sugars, the elution volume increased with the decrease of molecular weight as expected. But for many low molecular weight compounds, this conventional relationship did not apply. The relations between the elution volume and the chemical structure of organic compounds were also discussed.

The anatomy of the temporal region, with reference to the frontal branch of the facial nerve, was examined in 12 fresh cadaver dissections. In all dissections, the frontal branch traveled in a constant plane along the undersurface of the temporoparietal fascia and was quite superficial as it crossed the zygomatic arch. The deep temporal fascia and superficial temporal fat pad are anatomically important structures which adjoin the periosteum of the zygomatic arch and lie deep to the frontal nerve. Based on these relationships, a safe method of dissection within the temporal region is formulated.

We developed a new drive system and packaging method for magnetic bubble memory. Coils wound around a picture frame core and surrounded by a conductive shield box make the rotational magnetic drive field uniform and exist only in very limited space. A flexible printed circuit is used to reduce the space for I/O signal wiring. Using these with a 4-Mbit, 15.4mm × 15.6mm chip, we demonstrated a significantly miniaturized module with a size of 24mm × 24mm × 6mm, approximately one fourth that of the conventional one. This will extend the application range of the magnetic bubble memory.

Utilizing the techniques of biostereometric photography and current state-of-the-art computergraphics, topographic contourgrams have been generated in a series of patients with complex craniofacial malformations. These contourgrams are considered useful in diagnosis and treatment planning and as an aid in postoperative follow-up. We hope that the technique will provide a means to study longitudinal growth in unoperated and operated patients with craniofacial malformations. Comparisons between these groups and normal patients are currently being investigated.

Flow cytofluorometric analysis was used to determine the distribution of the DNA content in cells from selected areas of normal human brain and in benign and malignant brain tumors. Propidium iodide was employed as DNA fluorochrome and the analysis was carried out on a suspension of single cells. Normal, nonstimulated human lymphocytes were used as diploid controls. With nonneoplastic tissue an average of 91% of the cells were diploid (presumably in G0 or G1 stage of the cell cycle). The cells of most benign tumors were mainly diploid (77-98%), nine specimens of pituitary adenomas had large numbers of aneuploid cells. In glioblastoma multiforme the proportion of diploid cells was significantly diminished and polyploid cells were frequently seen. Similar results were obtained in other malignant tumors, with metastatic tumors showing the greatest ploidy variation, which included triploid, tetraploid, and hypertetraploid cells. The analytical method used provides valuable information of significant clinical importance on the DNA distribution in brain tumor cells.

Octanol-water partition coefficients and air-water partition coefficients of 10 principal organochlorine pesticides were obtained as basic data for predicting their fate in environment. The octanol-water partition coefficients were in the wide range from 10 to 10 6 and approximately correlated with the solubilities in water. The air-water partition coefficients were also in the wide range from 10 −7 to 10 −2 , and the values for chloropicrin, dichlorvos, DCIP and quintozene were relatively high.

Summary Elective osteotomies of post-irradiated midfacial bones to correct the resulting facial deformities can be safely performed. When there is an associated radiation-induced enophthalmos, improvement in appearance can be achieved, but the results often falls short of an ideal restoration. Transposing a temporalis flap into the orbit is an excellent means of freeing the irradiated, contracted, enucleated orbital socket.

Ultrastructural changes of the extrasensory epithelium in the scala media of guinea pig cochleae were observed from 3 to 137 days after perilymphatic perfusion with 20% streptomycin. The degeneration started in the organ of Corti, progressed to the interdental cells and roots of the outer sulcus cells and finally involved other epithelial cells such as Claudius and the inner and outer sulcus cells. In the final stage, except for the stria vascularis and Reissner's membrane, all epithelial cells which lined the cochlear duct were replaced by a single-cell layer membrane which originated medianly from the epithelial cells of Reissner's membrane and laterally from the superficial outer sulcus cells.

Flow cytometric techniques were used to compare the DNA content, size and viability of meningioma cells obtained directly from surgical specimens with the same cells after a period of culture. Cells isolated from the original meningiomas and cells in primary culture were similar with regard to size and DNA content, regardless of the histologic subclassification of tumor. The cell populations were essentially diploid with a small proportion of tetraploid cells. Viable cells were smaller and more uniform in size than the nonviable cells. An increase in the number of cells having an elevated DNA content was seen with cultures repeatedly transferred. The latter results suggest that any transfer of information from long-term cultured meningioma cells to the in vivo situation must be done with caution.

A two-center (U.C.L.A. and Georgetown) prospective trial was planned to examine sliding genioplasty as an outpatient local anesthetic procedure. Thirty-nine patients, 14 male and 25 female, underwent the procedure. Average operating time was 43 minutes (range 15 to 70 minutes). Perioperative pain was remarkably mild, and patient satisfaction was extremely high, even among patients unhappy from previous chin implants. The overall complication rate was 20 percent, including two wound infections and one mental nerve injury. Both wound infections resolved uneventfully without detracting from the final result. Neither bleeding nor airway problems were encountered. An osseus genioplasty is a useful technique for correction of the hypoplastic chin. This technique may be performed as an outpatient procedure under local anesthesia with minimum pain and excellent patient acceptance. In light of the low risk and favorable results from this procedure, we recommend this technique as a practical alternative to alloplastic chin augmentation in selected patients.

3–137 days after disruption of the guinea pig organ of Corti by perilymphatic perfusion with 20% streptomycin (SM), ultrastructural changes of the nerve fibers in the organ were observed. Most of nerve fibers began to degenerate after a latent period of 4 days. On the other hand, a number of fibers survived reactively enlarged and later developed into myelinated and un-myelinated fibers by becoming enclosed in Schwann cells which entered the organ of Corti through the habenula perforata. Regeneration and sprouting of the surviving nerve fibers also occurred. The fibers became mature, but atrophied after 60 days and then gradually disappeared. The regenerating fibers were mainly of the myelinated and unmyelinated efferent type. Retrograde degeneration occurred in both afferent and efferent fibers. In the less damaged organ of Corti perfused with 2 % SM or Ringer's solution, Schwann cell invasion was not found.

Adsorption isotherms of 10 principal organochlorine pesticides on soils were investigated for predicting their fate in environment. The adsorption isotherms were expressed by Freundlich type isotherms and the adsorption constants were approximately in proportion to the organic carbon contents for the general soil samples. The adsorption constants per gram of the organic carbon in soil were in the range from 10 – 10 4 , and the values for chlornitrofen and quintozene were relatively high. The constants were correlated roughly with the octanol-water partition coefficients or solubilities in water.

A combination therapy of potassium and magnesium salts of L-aspartic acid (ASPARA) and vitamin B1 derivative (BESTON) was given to patients with the chiefcomplaints of tinnitus and hearing impairment, including 11 patients caused by streptomycin therapy, and to 9 patients due to other causes.As results, the following effects were observed.Of 11 patients (22 ears) due to streptomycin therapy, 1 patient (2 ears) responded to the combination therapy remarkably and 3 patients (4 ears) satisfactorily. 3 patients (4 ears) and 7 patients (8 ears) responded to the therapy remarkably and satisfactorily, those due to other causes (e. g. sound injury, poisoning). Patients with low tone hearing impairment were treated more effectively than those to high tone. It is desirous to start any treatment of the diseases at anearlier stage of onset of symptoms. This therapy was proved to show a sure effect when administered within a week after onset of the symptoms. With regard to the patient of hearing impairment due to streptomycin, serum level of Na, K, Cl and Ca, liver and renal function before administration of the therapy were recorded. From examination of these data, there was no correlation between the total amount of streptomycin and development of hearing impairment or the effect of the combination therapy.

Granulocytic sarcoma as the presenting feature of leukemia is rare. Although it has been reported in various sites such as the retrobulbar area, mastoid region, iliac bone, and breast, this appears to be the first recorded case presenting as an intracranial tumor.

Correction of the saddle nasal deformity requires generous elevation and mobilization of the overlying soft tissue, the restoration of skeletal support, and the provision of nasal mucosa lining ("the forgotten link"). For moderate to severe saddle deformities, calvarial bone grafts serve well to reconstruct the disrupted skeletal framework.

A multi-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was carried out to investigate the clinical efficacy of the anti-inflammatory enzyme serrapeptase in a total of 174 patients who underwent Caldwell-Luc antrotomy for chronic empyema. Eighty-eight patients received 10 mg serrapeptase 3 times on the day before operation, once on the night of the operation and 3 times daily for 5 days after operation; the other 86 received placebo. Changes in buccal swelling after operation were observed as a parameter of the response to treatment. The degree of swelling in the serrapeptase-treated patients was significantly less than that in the placebo-treated patients at every point of observation after operation up to the 5th day (p less than 0.01 to p less than 0.05). Maximal swelling throughout all the post-operative points of observation was also significantly smaller in size in the serrapeptase-treated group than in the placebo-treated group. No side-effects were reported.

Long-established posttraumatic enophthalmos with a seeing eye is a correctable deformity. A method utilizing principles of craniofacial surgery is described that provides the advantages of (1) wide exposure, (2) free mobilization of the displaced zygoma, (3) direct inspection of the orbital defect, and (4) restoration of the balance between the orbital contents and bony surroundings, which allows (5) the permanent correction of traumatic enophthalmos using autogenous material.

The inter-island variations and biological population affinity were examined for the Cook islanders in terms of non-parametric dental characters. The materials used in the present study consisted of plaster casts for 397 people, ages 4-20, collected on Rarotonga, Mangaia and Pukapuka in the Cook Islands. The dental characters observed were 15 traits on the teeth crown. The samples have been divided into five population series on the basis of their native islands: Pukapuka, N-S group (northern-southern island crossbreedings), Rarotonga, Mangaia, and S group (southern islands except Rarotonga and Mangaia). For comparison with other ethnic populations, the samples excluding the Pukapuka are combined into one group to represent full-blood southern-Cook Island Polynesians and named "Southern Cook" here. There were no significant sex differences in the incidences of dental traits in the data used in this study, so they were combined for the statistics. A cluster analysis was carried out to compare inter-population affinities on the basis of Smith's Mean Measure of Divergence (MMD) using the frequencies of shovelling, Carabelli's cusp, protostylid, cusp 6, cusp 7, and deflecting wrinkle. The results are briefly summarized as follows: 1. The differences between the Pukapukans and other four groups in the Cook Islands were observed in the case of 11 characters. Within the samples of the four island groups making up Southern Cook, there were no definitive population differences in dental morphology. The cluster analysis based on Smith's MMD values emerged as two main clusters in the Cook Islands: one cluster consisted only of the Pukapukans, and the other consisted of the rest. The latter was divided into two subclusters. 2. The frequencies of shovelling in the Southern Cook (23%) were quite similar at the medium level (S + S.S), to those in other Polynesian groups as well as in the Micronesian groups. The Pukapukans, however, gave a fairly low percentage (10%). 3. The two populations from the Southern Cook and Pukapuka were compared with other Oceanic populations. The incidences of double shovelling were similar to those of the Guamese, but lower than those of the Hawaiians. The Carabelli's cusp, protostylid and cusp 6 showed higher frequencies than those in the Hawaiians and Guamese. On the other hand, the interstitial tubercle showed a lower percentage than those in the Hawaiians and Guamese. As far as the incidence of the deflecting wrinkle are concerned, the Southern Cook, together with the Guamese, were intermediate between the Hawaiians and Pukapukans.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

T cells bearing IgG Fc receptors (Tr cells) were determined in 40 cases of brain tumor using the double rosette method, and compared with the changes of PHA reaction, immunoglobulin (IgG A M), performance status, and mass effect on CT in 20 pre-and post-operative and/or radio-clinico-immunotherapeutic patients. The proportion of control Tr cells was 8-19% in 20 healthy adults. Values of Tr cells over 20% were correlated with a poor grade of performance status, and large mass effects on CT. Post-therapeutic change in the value was well correlated with change in performance status, mass effects, and IgG. Our results suggest a correlation between the value of Tr cells and clinico-radiological findings. Immunological analysis of Tr cells serves as a parameter of tumor expansion or prognosis, and could be of significant importance clinically.

The assessment and extension of the life of fossil power plants is now a matter of prime importance for the electricity industry.1 Consequently, in recent years, advances in life prediction methods, especially for high-temperature components, have become a frequent, and closely followed, topic at materials-related conferences. One of the conclusions obtained from research work to date on material degradation and damage in long-service components is that the development of non-destructive examination techniques to detect early damage, that is, damage before crack initiation, is urgently needed. Crack initiation life, as compared with crack propagation life, has the advantage of making it possible to formulate a life extension program with more options.

Summary The application of craniofacial techniques has led to a greater variety of methods for operative exposure. In the orbital region, the inferior marginotomy of Tessier is a valuable adjunct in the reconstruction of severe orbital floor fractures and their sequelae. This concept has been extended to the superior, lateral, and medial orbital rims to improve the exposure of the respective orbital wall. These marginotomies have been used for a variety of problems. There have been no complications related to the inclusion of a periorbital marginotomy, and its use in appropriate patients is strongly recommended.

Ultrastructural alterations in human meningioma cells growth in vitro are reported. In early passages the cells retain some of the characteristic features of the original tumors. These include interdigitations associated with intercellular junctional devices (e.g., desmosomes, gap junctions). However, with repeated subculture these features tend to be less frequent. Typical whorl formations are observed only in primary cultures. The number of cytoplasmic filaments, lipid inclusions and other dense bodies increases with time in culture. Cytoplasmic invaginations into nuclei and the appearance of very large cells become more frequent in repeatedly transferred cultures.

5-Fluorocytosine (5-FC) lacks antineoplastic activity in human subjects because of the absence of cytosine deaminase (CDase) in mammalian cells. Intratumoral conversion of 5-FC into 5-fluorouracil (5-FUra) by locally implanted capsules containing CDase followed by systemic administration of 5-FC can be expected to induce antineoplastic activity at a local site with minimal systemic toxicity. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to evaluate this hypothesis. Spectrophotometric analysis confirmed the deamination of 5-FC to 5-FUra by CDase extracted from cultivated Escherichia coli. In vitro studies showed that 5-FC combined with CDase induced significant growth-inhibitory effects on the cultured glioma cells. An active CDase capsule, made of cellulose tubing, was newly designed for local implantation. 5-FC concentrations in the s.c. tumors of the rats given these CDase capsules, followed by 5-FC administration, showed a sufficient amount of delivery of 5-FC to the tumor tissue. 5-FUra appearing in the tumor reached the level of 8.0 micrograms/g at 2 h and stayed at more than 1.0 microgram/g at between 1 and 6 h. Significant reduction of the tumor growth and cytotoxic changes were observed. The passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction demonstrated no allergic reaction to the host due to the capsule. These results suggest that this chemotherapeutic method is effective for human brain tumors.

The disulfiram-like effect of various beta-lactam antibiotics containing N-methyltetrazolethiol (NMTT) on the alcohol-metabolizing system was studied using rats. Their administration caused decreased activities in low Km aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and acetaldehyde oxidation in the liver, with marked depression from several hours to 2 days after the treatment. Blood acetaldehyde level increased markedly when ethanol was administered 18-24 hr after pretreatment with antibiotics. A similar time course change in the effect was obtained when disulfiram was administered. The following results obtained in the present study indicate that the disulfiram-like effect associated with these antibiotics was not mediated by the whole molecular structures of these drugs: Firstly, the antibiotics were eliminated rapidly from the plasma and liver, and the disulfiram-like effect was followed by a disappearance of the drugs. Secondly, the concentration of antibiotics required to inhibit mitochondrial low Km ALDH activity in vitro was very high compared with their liver concentration. Thirdly, rapid onset of disulfiram-like effects occurred after administration of NMTT itself, and a pronounced elevation of blood acetaldehyde level was observed when ethanol was administered 3-5 hr after the NMTT injection. Fourthly, almost the same amounts of NMTT were released in the body after the intravenous administration of various NMTT-containing antibiotics, as judged by the urinary excretion. These results suggest that the disulfiram-like effect of beta-lactam antibiotics is mediated by NMTT released from them.