401. T-independent activation of B cells by vesicular stomatitis virus: no evidence for the need of a second signal.
- Author
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Fehr T, Bachmann MF, Bluethmann H, Kikutani H, Hengartner H, and Zinkernagel RM
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibodies, Viral biosynthesis, Antigens, Viral immunology, B-Lymphocytes virology, CD40 Antigens genetics, CD40 Antigens physiology, Complement C3 antagonists & inhibitors, Complement C3 immunology, Elapid Venoms pharmacology, Immunization, Immunoglobulin M biosynthesis, Killer Cells, Natural immunology, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Nucleopolyhedroviruses genetics, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor deficiency, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor genetics, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor physiology, Recombinant Fusion Proteins immunology, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer immunology, Viral Envelope Proteins immunology, Viral Vaccines immunology, B-Lymphocytes immunology, Lymphocyte Activation, Membrane Glycoproteins, Signal Transduction physiology, Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus physiology
- Abstract
Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) induces a T helper cell-independent IgM antibody response, whereas the IgG response is strictly T helper cell dependent. Since VSV induces B cells in complete absence of T helper cells, the question arises as to whether this induction occurs in the absence of a second signal or whether it depends upon an alternative or replacing signal 2. We therefore asked whether VSV has polyclonal B cell stimulator activity and/or whether B cell induction by VSV needs costimulation via complement or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor or by natural killer (NK) cell activity. In vitro B cell proliferation assays and analysis of the in vivo antibody response in CD40-deficient mice excluded that VSV has properties of a polyclonal B cell stimulator. C3 depletion by cobra venom factor and application of anti-complement receptor antibodies showed that the T-independent IgM response was largely C3-independent except under very limiting antigen doses. Immunization of TNF receptor-deficient mice showed a normal anti-VSV IgM response, and in a cytotoxicity assay on YAC target cells there was no evidence of NK cell activation by VSV. Thus, VSV seems to induce B cells without polyclonal activation and/or C3, TNF, or NK cells functioning as a replacing second signal.
- Published
- 1996
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