Search

Your search keyword '"Chen, Jingjing"' showing total 4,260 results
Start Over Author "Chen, Jingjing"
4,260 results on '"Chen, Jingjing"'

402. No Conclusive Evidence for Transits of Proxima b in MOST photometry

Author

Kipping, David M., Cameron, Chris, Hartman, Joel D., Davenport, James R. A., Matthews, Jaymie M., Sasselov, Dimitar, Rowe, Jason, Siverd, Robert J., Chen, Jingjing, Sandford, Emily, Bakos, Gáspár Á., Jordan, Andres, Bayliss, Daniel, Henning, Thomas, Mancini, Luigi, Penev, Kaloyan, Csubry, Zoltan, Bhatti, Waqas, Bento, Joao Da Silva, Guenther, David B., Kuschnig, Rainer, Moffat, Anthony F. J., Rucinski, Slavek M., and Weiss, Werner W.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The analysis of Proxima Centauri's radial velocities recently led Anglada-Escud\'e et al. (2016) to claim the presence of a low mass planet orbiting the Sun's nearest star once every 11.2 days. Although the a-priori probability that Proxima b transits its parent star is just 1.5%, the potential impact of such a discovery would be considerable. Independent of recent radial velocity efforts, we observed Proxima Centauri for 12.5 days in 2014 and 31 days in 2015 with the MOST space telescope. We report here that we cannot make a compelling case that Proxima b transits in our precise photometric time series. Imposing an informative prior on the period and phase, we do detect a candidate signal with the expected depth. However, perturbing the phase prior across 100 evenly spaced intervals reveals one strong false-positive and one weaker instance. We estimate a false-positive rate of at least a few percent and a much higher false-negative rate of 20-40%, likely caused by the very high flare rate of Proxima Centauri. Comparing our candidate signal to HATSouth ground-based photometry reveals that the signal is somewhat, but not conclusively, disfavored (1-2 sigmas) leading us to argue that the signal is most likely spurious. We expect that infrared photometric follow-up could more conclusively test the existence of this candidate signal, owing to the suppression of flare activity and the impressive infrared brightness of the parent star., Comment: Accepted to ApJ. Posterior samples, MOST photometry and HATSouth photometry are all available at https://github.com/CoolWorlds/Proxima

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

403. Cosmological Simulations of Dwarf Galaxies with Cosmic Ray Feedback

Author

Chen, Jingjing, Bryan, Greg L., and Salem, Munier

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We perform zoom-in cosmological simulations of a suite of dwarf galaxies, examining the impact of cosmic-rays generated by supernovae, including the effect of diffusion. We first look at the effect of varying the uncertain cosmic ray parameters by repeatedly simulating a single galaxy. Then we fix the comic ray model and simulate five dwarf systems with virial masses range from 8-30 $\times 10^{10}$ Msun. We find that including cosmic ray feedback (with diffusion) consistently leads to disk dominated systems with relatively flat rotation curves and constant star formation rates. In contrast, our purely thermal feedback case results in a hot stellar system and bursty star formation. The CR simulations very well match the observed baryonic Tully-Fisher relation, but have a lower gas fraction than in real systems. We also find that the dark matter cores of the CR feedback galaxies are cuspy, while the purely thermal feedback case results in a substantial core., Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures, MNRAS in press

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

404. Probabilistic Forecasting of the Masses and Radii of Other Worlds

Author

Chen, Jingjing and Kipping, David M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Mass and radius are two of the most fundamental properties of an astronomical object. Increasingly, new planet discoveries are being announced with a measurement of one of these terms, but not both. This has led to a growing need to forecast the missing quantity using the other, especially when predicting the detectability of certain follow-up observations. We present am unbiased forecasting model built upon a probabilistic mass-radius relation conditioned on a sample of 316 well-constrained objects. Our publicly available code, Forecaster, accounts for observational errors, hyper-parameter uncertainties and the intrinsic dispersions observed in the calibration sample. By conditioning our model upon a sample spanning dwarf planets to late-type stars, Forecaster can predict the mass (or radius) from the radius (or mass) for objects covering nine orders-of-magnitude in mass. Classification is naturally performed by our model, which uses four classes we label as Terran worlds, Neptunian worlds, Jovian worlds and stars. Our classification identifies dwarf planets as merely low-mass Terrans (like the Earth), and brown dwarfs as merely high-mass Jovians (like Jupiter). We detect a transition in the mass-radius relation at $2.0_{-0.6}^{+0.7} M_\oplus$, which we associate with the divide between solid, Terran worlds and Neptunian worlds. This independent analysis adds further weight to the emerging consensus that rocky Super-Earths represent a narrower region of parameter space than originally thought. Effectively, then, the Earth is the Super-Earth we have been looking for., Comment: Accepted in ApJ. New robustness test added, results unchanged. Forecaster code is available at https://github.com/chenjj2/forecaster

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

405. A Transiting Jupiter Analog

Author

Kipping, David M., Torres, Guillermo, Henze, Chris, Teachey, Alex, Isaacson, Howard T., Petigura, Erik A., Marcy, Geoffrey W., Buchhave, Lars A., Chen, Jingjing, Bryson, Steve T., and Sandford, Emily

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Decadal-long radial velocity surveys have recently started to discover analogs to the most influential planet of our solar system, Jupiter. Detecting and characterizing these worlds is expected to shape our understanding of our uniqueness in the cosmos. Despite the great successes of recent transit surveys, Jupiter analogs represent a terra incognita, owing to the strong intrinsic bias of this method against long orbital periods. We here report on the first validated transiting Jupiter analog, Kepler-167e (KOI-490.02), discovered using Kepler archival photometry orbiting the K4-dwarf KIC-3239945. With a radius of $(0.91\pm0.02)$ $R_{\mathrm{Jup}}$, a low orbital eccentricity ($0.06_{-0.04}^{+0.10}$) and an equilibrium temperature of $(131\pm3)$ K, Kepler-167e bears many of the basic hallmarks of Jupiter. Kepler-167e is accompanied by three Super-Earths on compact orbits, which we also validate, leaving a large cavity of transiting worlds around the habitable-zone. With two transits and continuous photometric coverage, we are able to uniquely and precisely measure the orbital period of this post snow-line planet ($1071.2323\pm0.0006$ d), paving the way for follow-up of this $K=11.8$ mag target., Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures. Accepted to ApJ. Posteriors available at https://github.com/CoolWorlds/Kepler-167-Posteriors

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

420. Cationic Polystyrene Resolves Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), Obesity, and Metabolic Disorders by Promoting Eubiosis of Gut Microbiota and Decreasing Endotoxemia.

Author

Zhu, Airu, Chen, Jingjing, Wu, Pengfei, Luo, Mei, Zeng, Yilan, Liu, Yong, Zheng, Han, Zhang, Li, Chen, Zishou, Sun, Qun, Li, Wenwen, Duan, Yixiang, Su, Danmei, Xiao, Zhixiong, Duan, Zhongping, Zheng, Sujun, Bai, Li, Zhang, Xiaohui, Ju, Zhongyuan, Li, Yan, Hu, Richard, Pandol, Stephen J, and Han, Yuan-Ping

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Hepatitis, Digestive Diseases, Obesity, Liver Disease, Nutrition, Metabolic and endocrine, Oral and gastrointestinal, Administration, Oral, Animals, Cation Exchange Resins, Diet, High-Fat, Dysbiosis, Endotoxemia, Endotoxins, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Insulin Resistance, Male, Metabolic Diseases, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Polystyrenes, Symbiosis, Treatment Outcome, Medical and Health Sciences, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

A pandemic of metabolic diseases, consisting of type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and obesity, has imposed critical challenges for societies worldwide, prompting investigation of underlying mechanisms and exploration of low-cost and effective treatment. In this report, we demonstrate that metabolic disorders in mice generated by feeding with a high-fat diet without dietary vitamin D can be prevented by oral administration of polycationic amine resin. Oral administration of cholestyramine, but not the control uncharged polystyrene, was able to sequester negatively charged bacterial endotoxin in the gut, leading to 1) reduced plasma endotoxin levels, 2) resolved systemic inflammation and hepatic steatohepatitis, and 3) improved insulin sensitivity. Gut dysbiosis, characterized as an increase of the phylum Firmicutes and a decrease of Bacteroidetes and Akkermansia muciniphila, was fully corrected by cholestyramine, indicating that the negatively charged components in the gut are critical for the dysbiosis. Furthermore, fecal bacteria transplant, derived from cholestyramine-treated animals, was sufficient to antagonize the metabolic disorders of the recipient mice. These results indicate that the negatively charged components produced by dysbiosis are critical for biogenesis of metabolic disorders and also show a potential application of cationic polystyrene to treat metabolic disorders through promoting gut eubiosis.

Published
2017

421. Cationic Polystyrene Resolves Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis, Obesity, and Metabolic Disorders by Promoting Eubiosis of Gut Microbiota and Decreasing Endotoxemia.

Author

Zhu, Airu, Chen, Jingjing, Wu, Pengfei, Luo, Mei, Zeng, Yilan, Liu, Yong, Zheng, Han, Zhang, Li, Chen, Zishou, Sun, Qun, Li, Wenwen, Duan, Yixiang, Su, Danmei, Xiao, Zhixiong, Duan, Zhongping, Zheng, Sujun, Bai, Li, Zhang, Xiaohui, Ju, Zhongyuan, Li, Yan, Hu, Richard, Pandol, Stephen J, and Han, Yuan-Ping

Subjects
Animals, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Endotoxemia, Metabolic Diseases, Insulin Resistance, Obesity, Polystyrenes, Endotoxins, Cation Exchange Resins, Treatment Outcome, Administration, Oral, Symbiosis, Male, Diet, High-Fat, Dysbiosis, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Administration, Oral, Diet, High-Fat, Medical and Health Sciences, Endocrinology & Metabolism
Abstract

A pandemic of metabolic diseases, consisting of type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and obesity, has imposed critical challenges for societies worldwide, prompting investigation of underlying mechanisms and exploration of low-cost and effective treatment. In this report, we demonstrate that metabolic disorders in mice generated by feeding with a high-fat diet without dietary vitamin D can be prevented by oral administration of polycationic amine resin. Oral administration of cholestyramine, but not the control uncharged polystyrene, was able to sequester negatively charged bacterial endotoxin in the gut, leading to 1) reduced plasma endotoxin levels, 2) resolved systemic inflammation and hepatic steatohepatitis, and 3) improved insulin sensitivity. Gut dysbiosis, characterized as an increase of the phylum Firmicutes and a decrease of Bacteroidetes and Akkermansia muciniphila, was fully corrected by cholestyramine, indicating that the negatively charged components in the gut are critical for the dysbiosis. Furthermore, fecal bacteria transplant, derived from cholestyramine-treated animals, was sufficient to antagonize the metabolic disorders of the recipient mice. These results indicate that the negatively charged components produced by dysbiosis are critical for biogenesis of metabolic disorders and also show a potential application of cationic polystyrene to treat metabolic disorders through promoting gut eubiosis.

Published
2017

423. Efficient Production of an Alginate Lyase in Bacillus subtiliswith Combined Strategy: Vector and Host Selection, Promoter and Signal Peptide Screening, and Modification of a Translation Initiation Region

Author

Zhou, Licheng, Zhang, Ran, Jiang, Bo, Meng, Qing, Chen, Jingjing, and Liu, Xiaoyong

Abstract

Alginate lyases (ALys) whose degrading products, alginate oligosaccharides, exhibit various outstanding biochemical activities have aroused increasing interest of researchers in the marine bioresource field. However, their predominant sourcing from marine bacteria, with limited yields and unclear genetic backgrounds, presents a challenge for industrial production. In this study, ALys (Aly01) from Vibrio natriegensSK 42.001 was expressed in Bacillus subtilis(B. subtilis), a nonpathogenic microorganism recognized as generally safe (GRAS). This accomplishment was realized through a comprehensive strategy involving vector and host selection, promoter and signal peptide screening, and engineering of the ribosome binding site (RBS) and the N-terminal coding sequence (NCS). The optimal combination was identified as the pP43NMK and B. subtilisWB600. Among the 19 reported strong promoters, PnprEexhibited the best performance, showing intracellular enzyme activities of 4.47 U/mL. Despite expectations, dual promoter construction did not yield a significant increase. Further, SPydhTdemonstrated the highest extracellular activity (1.33 U/mL), which was further improved by RBS/NCS engineering, reaching 4.58 U/mL. Finally, after fed-batch fermentation, the extracellular activity reached 18.01 U/mL, which was the highest of ALys with a high molecular weight expressed in B. subtilis. These findings are expected to offer valuable insights into the heterologous expression of ALys in B. subtilis.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

424. Vedolizumab for the prevention of intestinal acute GVHD after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a randomized phase 3 trial

Author

Chen, Yi-Bin, Mohty, Mohamad, Zeiser, Robert, Teshima, Takanori, Jamy, Omer, Maertens, Johan, Purtill, Duncan, Chen, Jingjing, Cao, Hong, Rossiter, Guillermo, Jansson, Johan, and Fløisand, Yngvar

Abstract

Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) of the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Vedolizumab is a gut-selective anti-α4β7integrin monoclonal antibody that reduces gut inflammation by inhibiting migration of GI-homing T lymphocytes. The efficacy and safety of vedolizumab added to standard GVHD prophylaxis (calcineurin inhibitor plus methotrexate/mycophenolate mofetil) was evaluated for prevention of lower-GI aGVHD after unrelated donor allo-HSCT in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Enrollment closed early during the COVID-19 pandemic with 343 patients randomized (n= 174 vedolizumab, n= 169 placebo), and 333 received ≥1 intravenous dose of 300 mg vedolizumab (n= 168) or placebo (n= 165) and underwent allo-HSCT. The primary end point was met; Kaplan–Meier (95% confidence interval) estimated rates of lower-GI aGVHD-free survival by day +180 after allo-HSCT were 85.5% (79.2–90.1) with vedolizumab versus 70.9% (63.2–77.2) with placebo (hazard ratio, 0.45; 95% confidence interval, 0.27–0.73; P< 0.001). For the 5 key secondary efficacy end points analyzed by day +180 after allo-HSCT, rates of lower-GI aGVHD-free and relapse-free survival and grade C–D aGVHD-free survival were significantly higher with vedolizumab versus placebo. No significant treatment differences were found for the other key secondary end points of non-relapse mortality, overall survival and grade B–D aGVHD-free survival, respectively. Incidence of treatment-related serious adverse events analyzed in patients receiving ≥1 dose of study treatment (n= 334) was 6.5% (n= 11 of 169) vedolizumab versus 8.5% (n= 14 of 165) placebo. When added to standard calcineurin inhibitor-based GVHD prevention, lower-GI aGVHD-free survival was significantly higher with vedolizumab versus placebo. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03657160.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

434. From Canteen Food to Daily Meals: Generalizing Food Recognition to More Practical Scenarios

Author

Liu, Guoshan, Jiao, Yang, Chen, Jingjing, Zhu, Bin, Jiang, Yu-Gang, Liu, Guoshan, Jiao, Yang, Chen, Jingjing, Zhu, Bin, and Jiang, Yu-Gang

Abstract

The precise recognition of food categories plays a pivotal role for intelligent health management, attracting significant research attention in recent years. Prominent benchmarks, such as Food-101 and VIREO Food-172, provide abundant food image resources that catalyze the prosperity of research in this field. Nevertheless, these datasets are well-curated from canteen scenarios and thus deviate from food appearances in daily life. This discrepancy poses great challenges in effectively transferring classifiers trained on these canteen datasets to broader daily-life scenarios encountered by humans. Toward this end, we present two new benchmarks, namely DailyFood-172 and DailyFood-16, specifically designed to curate food images from everyday meals. These two datasets are used to evaluate the transferability of approaches from the well-curated food image domain to the everyday-life food image domain. In addition, we also propose a simple yet effective baseline method named Multi-Cluster Reference Learning (MCRL) to tackle the aforementioned domain gap. MCRL is motivated by the observation that food images in daily-life scenarios exhibit greater intra-class appearance variance compared with those in well-curated benchmarks. Notably, MCRL can be seamlessly coupled with existing approaches, yielding non-trivial performance enhancements. We hope our new benchmarks can inspire the community to explore the transferability of food recognition models trained on well-curated datasets toward practical real-life applications.

Published
2024

435. Lumen: Unleashing Versatile Vision-Centric Capabilities of Large Multimodal Models

Author

Jiao, Yang, Chen, Shaoxiang, Jie, Zequn, Chen, Jingjing, Ma, Lin, Jiang, Yu-Gang, Jiao, Yang, Chen, Shaoxiang, Jie, Zequn, Chen, Jingjing, Ma, Lin, and Jiang, Yu-Gang

Abstract

Large Multimodal Model (LMM) is a hot research topic in the computer vision area and has also demonstrated remarkable potential across multiple disciplinary fields. A recent trend is to further extend and enhance the perception capabilities of LMMs. The current methods follow the paradigm of adapting the visual task outputs to the format of the language model, which is the main component of a LMM. This adaptation leads to convenient development of such LMMs with minimal modifications, however, it overlooks the intrinsic characteristics of diverse visual tasks and hinders the learning of perception capabilities. To address this issue, we propose a novel LMM architecture named Lumen, a Large multimodal model with versatile vision-centric capability enhancement. We decouple the LMM's learning of perception capabilities into task-agnostic and task-specific stages. Lumen first promotes fine-grained vision-language concept alignment, which is the fundamental capability for various visual tasks. Thus the output of the task-agnostic stage is a shared representation for all the tasks we address in this paper. Then the task-specific decoding is carried out by flexibly routing the shared representation to lightweight task decoders with negligible training efforts. Comprehensive experimental results on a series of vision-centric and VQA benchmarks indicate that our Lumen model not only achieves or surpasses the performance of existing LMM-based approaches in a range of vision-centric tasks while maintaining general visual understanding and instruction following capabilities. The code will be released at https://github.com/SxJyJay/Lumen., Comment: Technical Report

Published
2024

436. Doubly Abductive Counterfactual Inference for Text-based Image Editing

Author

Song, Xue, Cui, Jiequan, Zhang, Hanwang, Chen, Jingjing, Hong, Richang, Jiang, Yu-Gang, Song, Xue, Cui, Jiequan, Zhang, Hanwang, Chen, Jingjing, Hong, Richang, and Jiang, Yu-Gang

Abstract

We study text-based image editing (TBIE) of a single image by counterfactual inference because it is an elegant formulation to precisely address the requirement: the edited image should retain the fidelity of the original one. Through the lens of the formulation, we find that the crux of TBIE is that existing techniques hardly achieve a good trade-off between editability and fidelity, mainly due to the overfitting of the single-image fine-tuning. To this end, we propose a Doubly Abductive Counterfactual inference framework (DAC). We first parameterize an exogenous variable as a UNet LoRA, whose abduction can encode all the image details. Second, we abduct another exogenous variable parameterized by a text encoder LoRA, which recovers the lost editability caused by the overfitted first abduction. Thanks to the second abduction, which exclusively encodes the visual transition from post-edit to pre-edit, its inversion -- subtracting the LoRA -- effectively reverts pre-edit back to post-edit, thereby accomplishing the edit. Through extensive experiments, our DAC achieves a good trade-off between editability and fidelity. Thus, we can support a wide spectrum of user editing intents, including addition, removal, manipulation, replacement, style transfer, and facial change, which are extensively validated in both qualitative and quantitative evaluations. Codes are in https://github.com/xuesong39/DAC., Comment: Accepted by CVPR 2024

Published
2024

437. Identity-Driven Multimedia Forgery Detection via Reference Assistance

Author

Xu, Junhao, Chen, Jingjing, Song, Xue, Han, Feng, Shan, Haijun, Jiang, Yugang, Xu, Junhao, Chen, Jingjing, Song, Xue, Han, Feng, Shan, Haijun, and Jiang, Yugang

Abstract

Recent advancements in technologies, such as the 'deepfake' technique, have paved the way for the generation of various media forgeries. In response to the potential hazards of these media forgeries, many researchers engage in exploring detection methods, increasing the demand for high-quality media forgery datasets. Despite this, existing datasets have certain limitations. Firstly, most of datasets focus on the manipulation of visual modality and usually lack diversity, as only a few forgery approaches are considered. Secondly, the quality of media is often inadequate in clarity and naturalness. Meanwhile, the size of the dataset is also limited. Thirdly, while many real-world forgeries are driven by identity, the identity information of the subject in media is frequently neglected. For detection, identity information could be an essential clue to boost accuracy. Moreover, official media concerning certain identities on the Internet can serve as prior knowledge, aiding both the audience and forgery detectors in determining the true identity. Therefore, we propose an identity-driven multimedia forgery dataset, IDForge, which contains 249,138 video shots. All video shots are sourced from 324 wild videos collected of 54 celebrities from the Internet. The fake video shots involve 9 types of manipulation across visual, audio and textual modalities. Additionally, IDForge provides extra 214,438 real video shots as a reference set for the 54 celebrities. Correspondingly, we design an effective multimedia detection network, Reference-assisted Multimodal Forgery Detection Network (R-MFDN). Through extensive experiments on the proposed dataset, we demonstrate the effectiveness of R-MFDN on the multimedia detection task.

Published
2024

438. Eyes Can Deceive: Benchmarking Counterfactual Reasoning Abilities of Multi-modal Large Language Models

Author

Li, Yian, Tian, Wentao, Jiao, Yang, Chen, Jingjing, Jiang, Yu-Gang, Li, Yian, Tian, Wentao, Jiao, Yang, Chen, Jingjing, and Jiang, Yu-Gang

Abstract

Counterfactual reasoning, as a crucial manifestation of human intelligence, refers to making presuppositions based on established facts and extrapolating potential outcomes. Existing multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have exhibited impressive cognitive and reasoning capabilities, which have been examined across a wide range of Visual Question Answering (VQA) benchmarks. Nevertheless, how will existing MLLMs perform when faced with counterfactual questions? To answer this question, we first curate a novel \textbf{C}ounter\textbf{F}actual \textbf{M}ulti\textbf{M}odal reasoning benchmark, abbreviated as \textbf{CFMM}, to systematically assess the counterfactual reasoning capabilities of MLLMs. Our CFMM comprises six challenging tasks, each including hundreds of carefully human-labeled counterfactual questions, to evaluate MLLM's counterfactual reasoning capabilities across diverse aspects. Through experiments, interestingly, we find that existing MLLMs prefer to believe what they see, but ignore the counterfactual presuppositions presented in the question, thereby leading to inaccurate responses. Furthermore, we evaluate a wide range of prevalent MLLMs on our proposed CFMM. The significant gap between their performance on our CFMM and that on several VQA benchmarks indicates that there is still considerable room for improvement in existing MLLMs toward approaching human-level intelligence. On the other hand, through boosting MLLMs performances on our CFMM in the future, potential avenues toward developing MLLMs with advanced intelligence can be explored.

Published
2024

446. Association between different triglyceride–glucose index combinations with obesity indicators and arthritis: results from two nationally representative population-based study.

Author

Zhang, Xuan, Tang, Haoxian, Chen, Jingjing, Chen, Jinyuan, Zhou, Hongfa, Qi, Tiantian, Wang, Deli, Zeng, Hui, and Yu, Fei

Subjects
HEALTH & Nutrition Examination Survey, RECEIVER operating characteristic curves, ARTHRITIS
Abstract

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) and arthritis are strongly associated, and the triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index combinations with obesity indicators [including TyG–BMI (glucose triglyceride–body mass index), TyG–WC (glucose triglyceride–waist circumference), and TyG–WHtR (glucose triglyceride–waist height ratio)] has recently been recognized as a more effective indicator for assessing IR. However, there is a lack of research on its association with arthritis, and it is also important to assess in different populations. Methods: The analysis utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Arthritis diagnosis relied on self-reporting confirmed by physicians. The association of TyG–BMI, TyG–WC, and TyG–WHtR with arthritis was analyzed through weighted logistic regression models, and exploring nonlinear effects with restricted cubic spline (RCS) models. Secondary and sensitivity analyses included receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, comparisons of z score-related odds ratios, subgroup analyses, and multiple imputation. Results: The study involved 6141 CHARLS participants and 17,091 NHANES participants. Adjusting for confounding variables, TyG–BMI and TyG–WHtR demonstrate a positive correlation with arthritis prevalence in both CHARLS (TyG–BMI: OR = 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.04; TyG–WHtR: OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.03–1.24) and NHANES (TyG–BMI: OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.06–1.08; TyG–WHtR: OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.40–1.60). RCS regression analysis demonstrated a significant nonlinear association. ROC analysis indicated that TyG–BMI and TyG–WHtR were superior to TyG for the diagnosis of arthritis in both CHARLS and NHANES. Conclusions: TyG–BMI and TyG–WHtR demonstrate a positive correlation with arthritis prevalence in both Chinese and the U.S. populations, displaying superior diagnostic relevance compared to TyG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

447. Associations between 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentration and spontaneous abortion.

Author

Zhang, Hongping, Ding, Xingru, Hu, Xianqing, Cai, Yi-Xin, Chen, Haiying, Sun, Congcong, Chen, Jingjing, Li, Xiaoqing, Zheng, Zhenzhen, Liao, Tingting, Zhao, Na, Zhong, Mingchen, Fang, Rujing, Huang, Xiu-Feng, and Zheng, Jianqiong

Subjects
MISCARRIAGE, PREGNANCY complications, VITAMIN D, ABORTION, STATISTICAL significance
Abstract

Background: Spontaneous abortion is a common complication of pregnancy that can lead to adverse physical and psychological outcomes for women. Vitamin D is reported to be associated with reproductive functions, whereas its casual effects on abortion remains unclear. Materials and methods: In this study, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to systematically assess the causal relationships between serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration and the risk of spontaneous abortion. GWAS summary data of 25(OH)D were used as exposure, and data of spontaneous abortion was considered as outcome. A retrospective study was additionally conducted to verify the MR results. Results: MR estimates showed that a higher 25(OH)D level was potentially associated with decreased risk of spontaneous abortion (IVW, OR = 0.98, 95%CI = 0.90–1.06; MR Egger, OR = 0.94, 95%CI = 0.84–1.05; Weighted median, OR = 0.93, 95%CI = 0.82–1.06; Weighted mode, OR = 0.93, 95%CI = 0.84–1.03), though the P-value was not statistically significant. The retrospective study also produced consistent result of Vitamin D's protective role to spontaneous abortion. The P-value was very close to statistical significance (P = 0.053). Conclusions: This study reports the potential protective role of serum 25(OH)D concentration to spontaneous abortion, suggesting that increased vitamin D levels may decrease the risk of abortion. Further larger prospective studies and/or even randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm causal relationship between vitamin D and abortion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

449. An edge computing oriented unified cryptographic key management service for financial context.

Author

Chen, Jingjing, Guo, Lingling, Shi, Yulun, Shi, Yao, and Ruan, Yi

Subjects
*EDGE computing, *REAL-time computing, *FINANCIAL management, *ELECTRONIC data processing, *SYSTEMS availability, *CRYPTOGRAPHY
Abstract

Cryptography plays a key role in information systems of financial industry. With the rapid development of financial industry, the scale of the financial cryptographic services continues to expand, and the volume of terminal devices increased significantly, causing problems such as system complexity and extreme workload. The centralized data processing model enabled by cloud computing can ease these problems to some extent, but when the data produced by various kinds of devices (e.g. IoT devices) continues to increase rapidly, cloud computing-based services subsequentially cannot meet the demand of real-time and efficient data processing. The edge computing is an emerging computing model, which is capable of hierarchically managing the resource, and supporting the deployment of cryptographic services at the edge. The edge computing-based cryptographic service separates data encryption/ decryption processing and provides low-level interfaces for financial business systems. It could simplify the way financial business systems obtain cryptographic services. In this paper, we propose an edge oriented cryptographic key management service, which consists of system monitor module, key management module and security management module. The proposed service enables the management of the whole life cycle of cryptographic keys, and reconstructs the process of cryptographic key. In a 1-year continuous testing, the proposed system achieved a total of 36 million cryptographic key distributions, and each cryptographic key has a lifecycle of 1.5 days on average. The TPS reached 15,000, and the system availability reached 99.99% throughout the year. The proposed system now is officially available as a commercial cryptographic service platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

450. A methodological and reporting quality assessment of systematic reviews/meta-analyses on exercise interventions for cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.

Author

Zang, Wanli, Zou, Qinghai, Xiao, Ningkun, Fang, Mingqing, Wang, Su, and Chen, Jingjing

Subjects
MILD cognitive impairment, EXERCISE physiology, EXERCISE therapy, COGNITIVE ability, WEB databases
Abstract

Objective: To assess the methodological quality of meta-analytic literature on exercise interventions for cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and the certainty of evidence for its outcome indicators, and to provide clinicians and researchers with more reliable data for making decisions. Methods: Meta-analytic literature related to the effect of exercise intervention on cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment was searched through PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, Physiotherapy Evidence Database and Web of Science, all with a search period frame of each database until June 1, 2024. The AMSTAR2 scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies. Results: Seventeen meta-analyses were included. The AMSTAR2 scale evaluation results showed that there was one medium-quality studies (5.55%), seven low-quality studies (38.88%), and 10 very low-quality studies (55.55%). Methodological deficiencies included failure to prepare a plan and provide a registration number, literature screening, data extraction, reasons for exclusion not described in detail, poor implementation process for systematic evaluation, and failure to describe the source of funding for the included studies or relevant conflicts of interest. Conclusion: The overall methodological quality of the meta-analytic literature is low, and the certainty of evidence is low. We encourage the conduction of high-quality randomized trials to generate stronger evidence. Subsequent systematic reviews can then synthesize this evidence to inform future research and clinical guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results