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Ｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙ， ＸＩＡ Ｙｕａｎ⁃ｍｅｉ， ｅｔ ａｌ．（Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ ｏｆ Ｃｈｏｎｇｑｉｎｇ Ｎｏｒｍａｌ Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ（Ｎａｔｕｒａｌ Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ）， ２０１５， ３２（１）： １２⁃１５） ｓｔｕｄｉｅｄ ｔｈｅ ∈⁃ｐｒｏｐｅｒｌｙ ｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔ ｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｓ ｔｏ ｖｅｃｔｏｒ ｏｐｔｉｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎ ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ ｖｉａ ｓｃａｌａｒ ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ Δ ｉｎ ｔｅｒｍｓ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｎｏｎｌｉｎｅａｒ ｓｃａｌａｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎ ｍｅｔｈｏｄ， ａｎｄ ｇａｖｅ ｓｏｍｅ ｅｘａｍｐｌｅｓ ｔｏ ｉｌｌｕｓｔｒａｔｅ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ． Ｉｔ ｗａｓ ｐｏｉｎｔ ｏｕｔ ｈｅｒｅ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅｏｒｅｍ １ ｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ ｂｙ ＸＩＡ Ｙｕａｎ⁃ｍｅｉ， ｅｔ ａｌ． ｗａｓ ａ ｓｐｅｃｉａｌ ｃａｓｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅｏｒｅｍ ４．６（ｉ） ｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄ ｂｙ Ｇａｏ， ｅｔ ａｌ． （Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ ｏｆ Ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌ ａｎｄ Ｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔ Ｏｐｔｉｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎ， ２０１１， ７（２）： ４８３⁃４９６）， ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｐｒｏｏｆ ｏｆ ｔｈｅｏｒｅｍ ２ ｇｉｖｅｎ ｂｙ ＸＩＡ Ｙｕａｎ⁃ｍｅｉ， ｅｔ ａｌ． ｈａｄ ｓｏｍｅ ｄｅｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙ． Ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ ｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｎｏｎｌｉｎｅａｒ ｓｃａｌａｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ Δ ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅ （Ｃ， ∈）⁃ ｐｒｏｐｅｒｌｙ ｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔ ｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｓ， ｔｈｅｏｒｅｍ ２ ｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄ ｂｙ ＸＩＡ Ｙｕａｎ⁃ｍｅｉ， ｅｔ ａｌ． ｗａｓ ｐｒｏｖｅｄ ａｇａｉｎ ｒｉｇｏｒｏｕｓｌｙ． Ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｅｎｄ， ｓｏｍｅ ｅｘａｍｐｌｅｓ ｉｎ ｗｈｉｃｈ ε⁃ ｐｒｏｐｅｒｌｙ ｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔ ｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｓ ｄｉｄ ｅｘｉｓｔ， ｗｅｒｅ ｇｉｖｅｎ ｔｏ ｉｌｌｕｓｔｒａｔｅ ｔｈｅ ｍａｉｎ ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ． [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the potential correlations between parameters of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and clinical stages of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods Eighty-one newly diagnosed NPC patients received MRI examination. Clinical TNM stages and corresponding overall stages based on Chinese 2008 Staging System were determined. Pearson correlation coefficients were obtained to evaluate the potential correlations between DCE-MRI parameters of primary NPC lesions and clinical stages. Results Six cases were excluded from the study due to poor quality of images or too small tumor samples. The Ktrans,Kep, Ve, fPV, PeakT, Maxslop, CER, WoutSI, AUC90 and AUCI80 values of 75 primary NPC tumors were (0.336±0.133)min-1, (1.419±0.441) min-1, 0.256±0.100, 0.018±0.010, (64.879±15.975)s, (21.181±5.507)s-1, 1.348±0.998, 0.515±0.383,16.177±5.141 and 28.891 ±9.511, respectively. Ktrans showed a positive correlation with overall stage (r = 0.240, P = 0.038), T stage (r = 0.257, P = 0.026) and M stage(r = 0.438, P<0.001). A significant positive correlation was revealed of Ve with overall stage (r = 0.418, P<0.001), T stage (r = 0.466, P<0.001) and M stage (r = 0.269, P = 0.020). Negative correlation was found between Kep and T stage (r=-0.288, P=0.012). Peak T had positive correlation with overall stage (r = 0.231, P = 0.046) and T stage (r = 0.318, P = 0.005). AUC90 was revealed to have a positive correlation with overall stage (r = 0.362, P = 0.001), T stage (r = 0.380, P = 0.001) and M stage (r = 0.446, P<0.001). AUC180 showed a positive correlation with overall stage (r = 0.380, P = 0.001),T stage (r = 0. 405, P < 0. 001) and M stage (r = 0. 423, P< 0. 001). No significant correlations for N stage with any DCE-MRI parameter were found. NPC in Ml stage had higher Ktrans,Ve, AUC90 and AUC180 values than NPC in M0 stage. There were significant (P<0.05) differences in Ktrans, Ve, PeakT, AUC90 and AUC180 values among different overall stages. Significant (P<0.01) differences in Ve, PeakT, AUC90 and AUC180 values were observed among different T stages. Conclusions DCE-MRI parameters of primary NPC lesions have significant correlations with clinical stages. DCE-MRI parameters may act as imaging biomarkers for non-invasive assessment of the tumor microstructure, disease progression and aggressiveness of NPC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Social Sciences Edition / Haerbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao. Shehui Kexue Ban is the property of Harbin Institute of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Signal Processing is the property of Journal of Signal Processing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Earth Sciences & Environment is the property of Journal of Earth Sciences & Environment and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the short-term and long-term clinical efficacy of minimally invasive intramedullary nail in the treatment of senile Neer two-part of proximal humeral fractures (PHF). Methods A prospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 86 senile Neer 2-part PHF patients aged 60 and above who were admitted to the Department of Orthopaedics of Wushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and Dazu District People's Hospital of Chongqing from January 2017 to January 2020. All patients were randomly divided into the intramedullary nail minimally invasive operation group (observation group) and the non-surgical group (control group). with 43 cases in each group.The main outcome measure were arm, shoulder, and hand disability [Upper Limb Dysfunction Rating Scale (DASH)] scores during 2-year follow-up. The secondary measures included shoulder function score [Shoulder Function Score (CMS) and Oxford Shoulder Questionnaire (OSS) score], pain score [Visual Analogue Scale for Pain (VAS)] and bone metabolism index.Results Before treatment, there were no significant differences in DASH score, OSS score, CMS and VAS score between the two groups .(P >0.05). After three and six months of treatment, DASH score of the observation group was lower than the control group, OSS score and CMS were higher than the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05).After 12 and 24 months of treatment, there were no significant differences in DASH, OSS and CMS score between the two groups (P >0.05). After three and six months of treatment, the VAS scores of patients in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). After 12 months of treatment, there was no statistical difference in VAS scores between the two groups (P >0.05).After 12 months of treatment, the indexes of bone metabolism in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05), but there was no significant difference in bone metabolism index between the two groups at 24 months (P >0.05).Conclusion For patients aged 60 years or older with Neer two-part PHF, the clinical results after two years of surgical treatment and non-surgical treatment are similar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Repair of osteochondral defects is a major challenge that orthopedic surgeons face today, because current treatments fail to achieve satisfactory results. With the development of tissue engineering in recent years, new hope has been brought for the repair of osteochondral defects. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 is an important factor involved in bone growth, development, and repair, with good osteoinductive effects. In recent years, it has been found that bone morphogenetic protein 2 also has an effect on cartilage development. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the research progress of bone morphogenetic protein 2 in the repair of osteochondral defects in recent years and to provide new ideas and strategies for the treatment of osteochondral defects by summarizing the application of bone morphogenetic protein 2 in the repair of various types of bone defects. METHODS: WanFang, CNKI, and PubMed databases were searched for literature regarding the mechanism of bone morphogenetic protein 2 in the repair of osteochondral defects and its application in osteochondral tissue engineering published between January 1, 2012 and July 1, 2022. The search terms were “Bone morphogenetic protein 2, Chondrocytes, Cartilage defects, Bone defects, Mesenchymal stem cells, MSC, Signaling pathways” in Chinese and English. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bone morphogenetic protein 2 promotes chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and can maintain the chondrocyte phenotype to maintain cartilage properties. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 controls chondrogenesis by regulating chondrocyte glucose metabolism. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 acts on osteogenesis through the classical Smad 1/5/8 signaling pathway, but the mechanism of chondrogenesis is not clear. The current research and application of bone morphogenetic protein 2 in tissue engineering mainly focus on the field of bone defect repair, and less is reported on cartilage defect repair. How to prevent bone morphogenetic protein 2 from promoting the transformation of chondrocytes to hypertrophic chondrocytes will be the focus of future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Patellar tendon is an important structure to maintain the stability of the knee joint and exhibits unique nonlinear mechanical properties under tension, but the effect of elastin on the mechanical behavior of the patellar tendon under tensile loading is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of elastin on the mechanical properties of patellar tendon through targeted enzyme treatment of elastin. METHODS: (1) Thirty fresh porcine patellar tendons, weighing 40–50 mg, were evenly divided into five different elastase concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10, 20 U/mL) or incubated in elastase solutions for five different times (0, 1, 4, 6, 12 hours), and finally the elastin content was detected. (2) Patellar tendon was treated in PBS or 5 U/mL elastase for 8 hours, then Verhoeff Van Gieson (VVG) staining and Masson staining were performed. (3) Twenty fresh porcine patellar tendons were randomly divided into PBS control group and elastase-treated group. After 9 points were marked on the sample surface, the longitudinal tensile test and stress relaxation test were carried out. The displacement of the marked points was calculated by optical non-contact method for subsequent strain analysis and stress calculation. The samples were incubated in PBS or 5 U/mL elastase for 8 hours, and the same mechanical test was performed again. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Incubating in 5 U/mL elastase for 8 hours could meet the requirements of this experiment. (2) Compared with pre-treatment, tissue tensile stress was significantly reduced in the PBS and elastase-treated groups, which were both decreased by about 40% (P < 0.001, P < 0.01). Compared with pre-treatment, the relaxation percentage after treatment increased significantly, with a difference of about 12% (P < 0.05). On the normalized average stress-time curve, the stress of elastase-treated treatment group decreased more than that of PBS group, with a difference of about 16% (P < 0.0001). (3) The above results showed that elastin played an important role in the tensile mechanical properties and viscoelastic properties of patellar tendon, further supplementing the understanding of the multiscale tendon structure-function relationships, which would be beneficial to the development and improvement of microstructure constitutive model in the future to simulate patellar tendon lesions and surgical intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的分析阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS)亚型，为其个体化治疗提供依据方法选择 OSAHS患者308例，收集患者年龄、BMI、呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI)、最低血氧饱和度（LSa02)、最长呼吸暂停时 间(LAT)、Epworth嗜睡量表评分(ESS评分)、微觉醒次数、吸烟指数、合并症、症状评分资料，采用主成分分析法和 聚类分析法对其进行亚型分类。结果308例OSAHS患者经主成分分析得到5个主成分，累加方差贡献率为 73.091 %。其中，主成分1包括AHI、BMI、ESS评分、LSaO2，主成分2包括年龄、合并症，主成分3包括ESS评分、症 状评分，主成分4包括LAT、吸烟指数，主成分5为微觉醒次数。经聚类分析将308例OSAHS患者分为4种亚型： 亚型1为中年超重OSAHS患者，呼吸暂停时间最短，合并症最多;亚型2为中年肥胖OSAHS患者，缺氧程度最重， 微觉醒次数最多;亚型3为青年肥胖OSAHS患者，微觉醒次数最少，ESS评分最高;亚型4为老年超重OSAHS患 者，呼吸暂停时间最长，吸烟指数最高，症状最少。结论经主成分分析法和聚类分析法将OSAHS患者分为4个 亚型，各亚型存在明显异质性，能更好地反映个体差异。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective：The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between autonomic nervous function and constipation symptoms, psychological status and quality of life in function constipation (FC) patients. Methods：The characteristics, psychological status and heart rate variability (HRV) test of 102 FC patients and 42 healthy controls were evaluated. Then the FC patients were divided into three groups according to the result of HRV test, the autonomic tone balance normal group, the balance severely sympathetic tone group and the balance severely parasympathetic tone group. The results of self ⁃ rating anxiety and depression scale (SAS/SDS), constipation scoring system (CSS) and patient assessment of constipation symptom (PAC ⁃ SYM), patient assessment of constipation quality of life (PAC⁃QOL) were compared among three groups. Meanwhile, anorectal manometry and electrointestinogram parameters were assessed. We also analyzed the potential association of PAC ⁃ QOL with ANS function, mental status, constipation symptoms in all the constipation patients. Results：Compared with the healthy control group, the scores of SAS and SDS in FC patients increased significantly. HRV test results showed that the abnormal rates of autonomic nervous function were higher in FC patients than that in normal controls. Anorectal physiology and intestinal electric activity showed no significant difference among the FC patients with different HRV. Compared with patients in the autonomic tone balance normal group, patients in the balance severely sympathetic tone group had higher SAS/SDS scores, higher PAC ⁃ SYM score and lower PAC ⁃ QOL, especially for the dimension of“physical discomfort”and“worry/anxiety”of PAC ⁃QOL. The balance severely parasympathetic tone group showed higher CSS score than the other two groups which maybe correlated with the prominence of depressed emotion. Multiple regression analysis showed that anxiety/ depression emotion and ANS function state could significantly affect the quality of life. Conclusion：FC patients with autonomic dysfunction are prone to anxiety or depression. The QOL of FC patients correlates strongly with ANS function and emotion, but not symptoms. Treatrnents such as autonomic adjustment, psychological interventions and central nervous system drugs may have clinical significance for FC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the effect of Yiwei Xiaoyu Ganules(YWXY) on serum gastric function in chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG). Methods By designing the double-blind, randomized, positive medicine- controlled trial, the effect of YWXY on serum gastric function was evaluated, including pepsinogen-Ⅰ(PG Ⅰ), PGⅡ, PGⅠ/PGⅡ ratio (PGR) and gastrin-17 (G-17). Seventy-two patients with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) negative CAG were recruited and randomly entered the experiment group or control group by a ratio of 1∶1. The experiment group obtained YWXY and Weifuchun simulation preparation(WFC). The control group obtained Weifuchun and YWXY simulation preparation. The treatment course lasted for 24 weeks. Serum gastric function related indexes before and after treatment were detected by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results After 24-week treatment, the level of PGⅠ and PGR in the experiment group were significantly increased compared with before treatment (P <0. 05), while the G-17 level in the control group was decreased compared with before treatment (P <0. 05). The comparison between the two groups after treatment found that the PGⅠ and PGR levels in the experiment group were significantly higher those in the control group (P <0. 05), while PGⅡ had no significant difference(P >0. 05). The serum G-17 expression level in the experiment group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Conclusion YWXY can significantly improve the serum gastric function level in the patients with CAG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Microwavc regeneration of activated carbon has the advantages of fast heating, uniform heating and high efficiency and energy saving, and has the potential to solve the development problems of conventional activated carbon regeneration technology・ therefore, on the basis of introducing the activated carbon regeneration trchnolog)*, this paper focuses on the principle ami characteristics of activated carbon microwave regeneration technology, and discusses the influence of microwave regeneration conditions (microwave power, irradiation time and regeneration atmosphere), aflsorhatr properties ami activated carbon itself on the microu-avc regeneration effect of activated carbon, ami finally looks forward to the ftiturc research direction and prospect of microwave regeneration technology of waste activated carbon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: In recent years, the brain‑like navigation algorithm is a new research hotspot, which is expected to achieve autonomous navigation by imitating the ability of biological navigation. The core is‑ sue is how to improve generalization ability. Methods: This paper introduces the research background and theoretical basis of the brain‑like navigation algorithm. After investigation, we propose a computational framework of brain ‑ like navigation algorithm. The outstanding works in this field are discussed and analyzed under this framework, and we carried out experimental verification of some basic methods. Results： The main contributions of this paper are: (1) Comprehensively introduces and summarizes the theoretical basis and outstanding works in this field. (2) Proposes the computational framework of the brain‑like navigation algorithm, which scientifically defines the functions of different modules of the algorithm. (3) Through theoretical analysis and experimental verification, we summarized valuable conclusions and expectations. Conclusions: In terms of model design, mature methods of deep learning can also be applied to this problem, but need more modifications to further improve navigation capabilities; in terms of model training, combining the advantages of multiple learning algorithms is hopeful to further improve the generalization ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mixture of wheat straw and common vetch is widely used for synthetic fertilizers returning to the cropland of the Eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in China. Their decomposition and nutrient release characteristics are essential to improve soil fertility, while reducing chemical fertilizer application. In this study, a field experiment was performed on the wheat straw (S), common vetch (J) and mixtures in soil by litter bags. Four treatments were set as the wheat straw (S), common vetch (J), the mixture of low ratio of S to J (SH1J), and the mixture of high ratio of S to J (SH2J). The results showed that the decomposition rates were relatively fast at the beginning, and then slowed down gradually. The 0-33 d after incorporation into the soil was the rapid decay stage with the highest decay rate for J (83.8-208.5 mg/d), whereas, the 34-97 d was the slow decay stage with the highest decay rate for S (24.6 mg/d), while the 97-333 d was the steady decay stage with no significant differences for the decay rate among treatments (2.6-3.4 mg/d). At the end of decomposition, the decomposition rates of S, J, SH1J, and SH2J were 51.5%, 82.2%, 78.6%, and 75.2%, respectively, indicating that the wheat straw decayed the slowest, while the common vetch decayed the fastest, and the mixtures fell in between. Nitrogen (N) release in the 0-33 d accounted for 70%-83% in the whole decay stages, indicating that N in organic materials released mainly in the first month. At the end of decomposition, the cumulative N release ratios of S, J, SH1J, and SH2J were 21.3%, 81.5%, 79.3%, and 79.0%, respectively. Phosphorus (P) release of common vetch in the 0-33 d and wheat straw in the 0-97 d accounted for 90% and 88% of the total P release, indicating that P in J and S released mainly during 0-33 d and 0-97 d, respectively. At the end of decomposition, the cumulative P release ratios of S, J, SH1J and SH2J were 60.1%, 76.3%, 4.2%, and 82.2%, respectively. As such, the potassium release ratio in the 0-33 d was accounted for more than 95% of the total release ratio. A bi-pool exponential decay model was selected to characterize the decomposition of dry matter, where the N and P had a determination coefficient of above 0.93. The mixture of wheat straw and common vetch increased the labile fraction of N pools, to significantly prolong the average turnover time of labile N. Specifically, the labile fraction of N pool and average turnover time of S were 19.4% and 23 d, while those of CV were 78.8% and 18 d, respectively. The mixture of S and J improved the labile fraction of N pools (14% by SH1J and 25% by SH2J), but prolonged the turnover time (5 d by SH1J and 6 d by SH2J). The mixture of high ratio of S to J also significantly improved the labile fraction of the P pool, 21% higher than the predicted values. Additionally, the K released quickly for both wheat straw and common vetch. The 0-33 d after incorporation into the soil was the rapid decay and nutrient release stage, where the wheat straw decayed and released nutrients the slowest. The mixtures significantly enhanced the labile fraction of N and P pool, thereby prolonging the average turnover time of N, particularly beneficial to nutrient uptake by succession crops. Consequently, the finding can provide promising theoretical and technical support for crop residue incorporation in the cropland of the Eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in maintaining liver homeostasis and liver regeneration. In healthy livers, the Wnt signaling pathway is mostly inactive, but it is continuously overactivated during cell renewal or regeneration processes, as well as in certain pathological conditions, diseases, precancerous states, and cancers. Persistent liver cell injury often leads to chronic liver diseases such as liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and liver cancer. This article summarizes the basic structural features of the Wnt signaling pathway and analyzes its important role in the pathological progression of various liver diseases, so as to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the reliability deployment of Service Function Chain (SFC) on the hybrid satellite network based on SDN architecture. Firstly, this paper describes the reliability protection problem of SFC, establishes the underlying network and SFC request model, and then establishes the reliability requirement model of network service function and the reliability requirement model of LEO satellite link, and clarifies the optimization goals and constraints. Then, a reliability-based satellite service function chain protection method is proposed, including a reliability protection algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning and a reliability backup algorithm based on LEO satellite node and link. Experiments show that the proposed reliability-based satellite service function chain protection method can improve the SFC request acceptance rate, reduce the average delay, and maintain high request acceptance on hybrid satellite networks based on SDN architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the highly effective antibacterial active components and their compatibility of dandelion and Caulis Lonicerae japonicae, ethanol extraction and D101 macroporous resin column chromatography and antibacterial activity tracking were used to optimize their active components, and then their contents of total flavonoids, organic acids and polyphenols were analyzed and their compatibility activities were studied. The results showed that their antibacterial active components were extracted by 70% ethanol and separated by D101 macroporous resin column chromatography, and then eluted by 70% or 50% ethanol. They not only had strong broadspectrum antimicrobial activity against 9 tested pathogenic bacteria of livestock and poultry (Dandelion′s MIC and MBC values were about 1.95 mg/mL and 15.63 mg/mL, and Caulis Lonicerae japonicae′s MIC and MBC values were 1.95 mg/mL and 31.25 mg/mL), but also dandelion′ s antibacterial active components had higher contents of total flavonoids and polyphenols, and Caulis Lonicerae japonicae had higher contents of polyphenols. Compatibility studies showed that when the higher antibacterial active components of dandelion were used with a small amount of water elution parts of Caulis Lonicerae japonicae (16∶1-4∶1) or its antibacterial active components (16∶1-1∶1), there was a certain additive effect on some tested bacteria. The results indicated that the separation process of the highly effective antibacterial active components of dandelion and Caulis Lonicerae japonicae was simple and efficient, and they had strong broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, and appropriate compatibility could achieve better antibacterial effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective：To investigate the efficacy of Balanophora involucrata Hook. f. in treatment of hyperuricemia (HUA) based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, and hyperuricemia models in vivo and in vitro, and to clarify the main targets of its active components and related signaling pathway mechanism. Methods：The potential targets of Balanophora involucrata Hook. f. in treatment of HUA were identified by Databases such as the Traditional Chinese Medicine Database in Taiwan, the Chinese Herbal Medicine Identification Database, Professional Chemical Database, TargetNet Database, SwissTargetPrediction Database, GeneCards, Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), DrugBank Database, DisGeNET Database, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) Database, and Venny Database. STRING Database and Cytoscape software were used to construct the active component-predictive target network and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for Balanophora involucrata Hook. f.; topological analysis was used to select the main active components and core targets；Gene Ontology (GO) functional and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway enrichment analysis were performed by R software; AutoDock Vina software was used for molecular docking validation. The NRK52E cells were divided into blank control group, blank administration group, model group, and different concentrations (2. 0, 10. 0, and 50. 0 μmol·L−1 ) of erythrodiol (EDT) groups. High-performance liquid chromatography culture (HPLC) was used to detect the uric acid (UA) levels in the cell culture supernatants in various groups. The male ICR mice were divided into blank control group, blank administration group, model group, and EDT group; the mice in the last two groups were used to prepare the HUA models; kits were used to detect the levels of UA, creatinine (Cr), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in serum of the mice in various groups；the bilateral kidney tissue of the mice was harvested and weighed; the kidney indexes of the mice in various groups were calculated；TUNEL staining was used to observe the apoptosis in kidney tissue of the mice in various groups；Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of protein kinase B (AKT), phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated PI3K (p-PI3K), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) proteins in kidney tissue of the mice in various groups. Results ：Six active components of Balanophora involucrata Hook. f. were identified, involving 116 intersecting targets and 14 core targets. The enrichment analysis yielded 1 828 GO terms and 145 signaling pathways. The molecular docking results showed that EDT had good binding activity with MMP-9. The high uric acid cell experiment results showed that compared with blank control group, the UA level in the cells in model group was significantly increased (P<0. 01); compared with model group, the UA levels in the cells in 2. 0, 10. 0, and 50. 0 μmol·L−1 EDT groups were significantly decreased (P<0. 01) . Compared with blank control group, the levels of UA, Cr, and BUN in serum of the mice in model group were increased（P<0. 01), and the kidney indexes were significantly increased (P<0. 01); compared with model group, the levels of UA, Cr, and BUN in serum of the mice in EDT group were decreased (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01), and the kidney index was significantly decreased (P< 0. 05 or P<0. 01) . Compared with blank control group, the number of apoptotic cells in kidney tissue of the mice in model group was increased； compared with model group, the number of the apoptotic cells in kidney tissue of the mice in EDT group was significantly decreased. Compared with blank control group, the ratios of p-AKT/AKT and p-PI3K/PI3K and expression level of Bcl-2 protein in kidney tissue of the mice in model group were significantly decreased (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01), while the expression levels of Bax and MMP-9 proteins were significantly increased (P<0. 01); compared with model group, the ratios of p-AKT/AKT and p-PI3K/PI3K and expression level of Bcl-2 protein in kidney tissue of the mice in EDT group were significantly increased (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01), and the expression levels of Bax and MMP-9 proteins were significantly decreased (P<0. 01) . Conclusion : The active component of Balanophora involucrata Hook. f., EDT, has a UA-decreasing effect and may inhibit the apoptosis and alleviate the kidney injury by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

为了进一步开发利用亚麻荠籽饼，增加亚麻荠籽饼再利用价值，对亚麻荠籽饼基本营养成分进行分析。结果表明：亚麻荠籽饼中水分、灰分、水溶性浸出物、醇溶性浸出物、粗纤维、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量分别为8.10%、5.80%、25.40%、20.80%、18.50%、34.25%、9.62%；5种矿质元素铁、钙、锌、锰、铜含量分别为219.7、210.0、56.1、27.9、8.7 mg/kg；亚麻荠籽饼共检出16种氨基酸，总量为17.01 g/100 g，其中7种必需氨基酸含量为8.54 g/100 g，占氨基酸总量的50.19%，9种非必需氨基酸含量为8.47 g/100 g，占氨基酸总量的49.81%；亚麻荠籽饼中总多酚和总黄酮含量分别为1.45%、1.28%；亚麻荠籽饼中检出胆甾醇、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇、β-谷甾醇等4种植物甾醇，含量分别为83.6、102.0、6.9、266.4 mg/kg。综上所述，亚麻荠籽饼营养丰富，具有用作除动物饲料以外的产品开发的价值。 In order to further develop and utilize camelina seed cake and increase the reuse value of camelina seed cake, the basic nutritional components of camelina seed cake were analyzed. The results showed that the contents of water, ash, water-soluble extract, alcohol-soluble extract, crude fiber, crude protein and crude fat in camelina seed cake were 8.10%, 5.80%, 25.40%, 20.80%, 1850%, 34.25% and 9.62%, respectively.The five mineral elements iron, calcium, zinc, manganese and copper were 2197, 210.0, 56.1, 27.9 mg/kg and 8.7 mg/kg, respectively. The total amount of 16 amino acids were detected in camelina seed cake with the content of 17.01 g/100 g, among which the content of 7 essential amino acids was 8.54 g/100 g, accounting for 50.19% of the total amino acids, the content of 9 nonessential amino acids was 8.47 g/100 g, accounting for 49.81% of the total amino acids. The contents of total polyphenols and total flavonoids in camelina seed cake were 1.45% and 1.28%, respectively. 4 phytosterols were detected in camelina seed cake,which were cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol with contents of 836, 102.0, 6.9 mg/kg and 266.4 mg/kg, respectively. In conclusion, camelina seed cake is nutritious and has value for use in product development besides animal feed.

The lack of emergence caused by the small amount of eggs and low hatching rate of Cherax quadricariratus is the bottleneck problem restricting its industrialization development. Nutritional fortification is helpful to improve the egg holding effect and embryo quality. Three groups were set up in the experiment (group 1: fed compound diet twice a day; group 2: fed hairtail - artificial diets + carrot - snail meat - artificial diets - hairtail - artificial diets + carrot - artificial diets every week; group 3: fed hairtail - artificial diets + carrot hairtail snail meat - hairtail - artificial diets + carrot - snail meat every week). After 30 days, the egg holding indexes and the nutritional components of embryos (yellow embryo: gastrula stage to five pairs of appendages, orange embryo: seven to eighteen pairs of appendages) were statistically detected. The results showed that: ① the egg holding rate and the relative number of pregnant eggs in groups 2 and 3 were significantly higher than those in group 1 (P<0.05). ② The total protein content of yellow embryos was significantly lower than that of orange embryos (P<0.05), while the total lipid content was significantly higher than that of orange embryos (P<0.05). The total protein content of orange embryo of group 1 was significantly lower than that of group 2 and 3 (P<0.05). ③ The content of essential amino acids in yellow embryos was significantly lower than that in orange embryos (P<0.05). The content of essential amino acids of orange embryos in group 3 was significantly higher than that in the other two groups (P<0.05). Among the nonessential amino acids, the contents of asparate, glutamate, alanine, proline, tyrosine and cystine in yellow embryos were significantly lower than those in orange embryos. The contents of cystine in group 1 of the yellow embryos were significantly lower than those in groups 2 and 3, and the tyrosine in groups 1 and 2 were significantly lower than those in group 3 (P<0.05). The contents of aspartate, glutamate, serine, arginine and cystine in group 3 of orange embryos were significantly higher than those in groups 1 and 2 (P<0.05), the contents of glycine, proline and tyrosine in group 3 were significantly higher than those in group 1 (P<0.05). ④ The C15∶0, C18∶3n-6, EPA of yellow embryos were significantly higher than those of orange embryos (P<0.05). In yellow embryos, the EPA and DHA of group 3 were significantly higher than those of the other two groups (P<0.05). In orange embryos, the C17∶0, C17∶1n-7, C18∶0, C18∶1n-9, C18∶2n-6, C18∶3n-3, C20∶4n-6, C20∶3n-3, EPA of group 1 were significantly lower than those of the other two groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, when the yellow embryo develop to the orange embryo, the total protein content increase, while the total fat content decrease, which may be relate to the formation of organs and subsequent embryo development and embryo hatching. Besides, adding hairtail, snail meat and carrots for nutritional fortification will help improve the egg holding rate and relative egg holding capacity of parents, and will also significantly promote the increase of the total protein content of embryos, most amino acids and fatty acids, and promote the gonadal development of parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】Xenocypris davidi is a freshwater economic fish, which feeds on humus, organic debris, plankton, and benthic animals, is one of the main fish for stock enhancement in Zhejiang Province. The research is aims to understand the impact of artificial breeding on the genetic diversity of X. davidi, and to provide basic data for the design and implementation of stock enhancement strategies for X. davidi in natural waters.【Method】D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of four cultured X. davidi populations from Changxing, Balidian, Shuangpu in Zhejiang Provice and Liling in Hunan Province were amplified and sequenced. The genetic diversity of the four populations was studied by sequence analysis.【Result】 The mitochondrial D-loop sequence length of the X. davidi was 1 038-1 093 bp, and the base A+T content (65.3%) was significantly higher than the C+G content (34.7%), the average transitions and transversions ratio (TS/TV) was 4.6. A total of 101 mutation sites including 97 reduced information sites were detected in 128 D-loop sequences of X. davidi, and defining 19 haplotypes. Among them, the haplotype numbers of Changxing, Shuangpu, Balidian, and Liling populations were 5, 12, 4, and 2, respectively. The haplotype diversity (h) ranged from 0.226 to 0.915, and the nucleotide diversity (π) ranged from 0.00640 to 0.01433. The genetic distance between different breeding populations was 0.03782-0.88756, the genetic differentiation coefficient among populations was 0.78903 (P<0.01), among which the degree of genetic difference between Changxing and Balidian populations was the lowest, and that of Shuangpu and Liling populations was the highest, and the genetic variation mainly occurred among populations.【Conclusion】There are certain differences in genetic diversity among the four cultured X. davidi populations. The results of the genetic variation and population structure of X. davidi will provide reference data for the comparative study on the genetic diversity of the X. davidi, and contribute to the resource protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] To study the population and biological characteristics of alien fish Tilapia in Ertan Reservoir area of Yalong River and provide reference for aquatic ecological protection. [Method]A total of 366 Tilapia were collected from five sites in the Ertan Reservoir area. The biological data such as body length, full length and body weight were measured. [Result]The results showed that three species of Tilapia were collected: Sarotherodon aurea ♂ ×Sarotherodon niloticus ♀, Oreochromis aurea, and Tilapia zillii. They mainly distributed in the Yumen Town and Ganyu Town area of the middle and lower reaches of Ertan Reservoir, and have formed a stable 1-4 years old population in Ertan Reservoir. The Tilapia in Ertan Reservoir area was dominated by Nile Tilapia, the body length-weight relationship equation of which was W = 0. 040 1 L2. 973 5 (R² = 0. 980 6, n = 351). [Conclusion] The Ertan Reservoir area is invaded by Tilapia. Measures should be taken to cut off the external sources of alien Tilapia invasion, carry out targeted fishing, strengthen the protection of indigenous fish, and carry out regular monitoring and early warning, so as to deal with the risk of alien species invasion in time and promote the healthy development of aquatic ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the status quo and influencing factors of psychological anxiety among nurses in grade A tertiary hospitals in Chongqing, and to provide evidence for preventing anxiety and improving the quality of nursing care.Methods From September 2020 to March 2021, the convenience sampling method was used to conduct a online survey on grade A tertiary hospitals in Chongqing.The self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) was used to evaluate the psychological anxiety status.The self-designed anxiety cause questionnaire was used to investigate the influencing factors of the psychological anxiety status of the sample personnel.The risk factors of psychological anxiety of nurses in Chongqing were analyzed by single factor test and multivariate logistic regression.Results A total of 901 valid questionnaires were included.Overall, the incidence of anxiety was 23.97% (216/901), of which the incidence of mild, moderate and severe anxiety was 18.31%, 4.43% and 1.22%, respectively.Multivariate analysis showed that income level, administrative position, self-conscious pressure, overtime, and sleep quality were the independent risk factors for anxiety of nursing staff in Chongqing (P <0.05), and the impact of income level was nonlinear, and the anxiety sources were mainly related to hospital examinations and work.Conclusion The investigation shows that the incidence of anxiety is relatively high in Chongqing, and appropriate intervention methods should be adopted to reduce the incidence of anxiety according to its influencing factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the effect of B lymphocytes on cardiac structure and function and myocardial immune cells during heart development. Methods Echocardiography, immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the composition of immune cells of the heart and the cardiac structure and function in wild-type (WT) mice and B-lymphocyte-deficient (μMT) mice, respectively. Results Compared with those of μMT mice, the ratio of heart weight to mouse weight (P＜0.05), left ventricular mass (P＜0.05) and the cross-sectional area of myocardial cells WT mice were significantly increased, while the ventricular ejection fraction was significantly decreased (P＜0.05). The results of mRNA sequencing showed that WT mice and μMT mice differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the signal pathway of heart development and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The results of flow cytometry showed that WT mice had more Ly6g+ neutrophils, CD4+ positive T cells (P＜0.001) and CD8+T cells (P＜0.05) compared with μMT mice. Conclusion B-lymphocyte depletion alters the composition of cardiomyocyte immune cells, reduces left ventricular mass, and increases myocardial contractility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective：The aimofthestudywasto explore the structure⁃activity relationship of PSD95⁃nNOS decoupling agent ZL006 （1）,and the mechanism of decoupling. Methods：Basedon the PSD95⁃nNOS protein⁃protein interaction inhibitor ZL006 reported by our group,four series of 21 novel ZL006 derivatives were designed andsynthesized by modifying its lipophilic part,linker and Salicylic acid structure. All the structures were confirmed by 1 H NMR,13C NMR and ESI⁃MS. The protective effect of the target compounds on glutamate⁃induced damage of human neuroblastoma cells（SH⁃SY5Y）was tested by LDH experiment,and the cytotoxicity of the target compounds was tested by CCK ⁃ 8 staining. Results：Most of the compounds had protective activity against cells,among which compounds 5e and 27a were comparable to the neuroprotective activity of the positive control compound ZL006（51.24%,48.42% at 10 μmol/L）,and compound 23 showed better cytoprotective activity than ZL006（54.34% at 10 μmol/L,29.58% at 1 μmol/L）and showed lower cytotoxicity（2.85% at 25 μmol/L）. Conclusion：This study not only enriches the diversity of chemical structures suitable for PSD95⁃nNOS protein⁃protein interaction but also provides a useful tool to further explore the neuroprotection therapeutic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis is involved in the progression of early-stage knee osteoarthritis. Synovium, cartilage and subchondral bone all have pathological manifestations of angiogenesis. To explore the inhibitory ability and related pathways of ligustrazine and overexpression of miR-20b-5p on pathological angiogenesis in these tissues will help to develop new drugs for the treatment of early-stage knee osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of ligustrazine and overexpression of miR-20b-5p on synovial, cartilage and subchondral bone angiogenesis in rats with early-stage knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: Twenty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=5 per group): model group, agomir NC group, agomir group, ligustrazine+agomir NC group, and ligustrazine+agomir group. The rats in the agomir group and ligustrazine+agomir group were intraarticularly injected with miR-20b-5p agomir solution, while the rats in the agomir NC group and ligustrazine+agomir NC group were intraarticularly injected with the same dose of miR-20b-5p agomir NC solution. The model group was injected with the same amount of normal saline intraarticularly and intragastrically. The rats in the ligustrazine+agomir group and ligustrazine+agomir NC group were also given intragastric administration of ligustrazine. Intraarticular administration was done only once and intragastric administration was performed once a day for 4 weeks. Four weeks later, the rats in each group were killed and the left knee joint was fixed and made into paraffin sections for hematoxylin-eosin staining, Safranin O-fast green staining, and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In synovial tissue, the vascular density, inflammatory cell infiltration, vascular endothelial growth factor protein and Notch1 protein in the agomir group, ligustrazine+agomir NC group and ligustrazine+agomir group were significantly lower than those in the model group and agomir NC group (P < 0.05). The vascular density, inflammatory cell infiltration, vascular endothelial growth factor protein and Notch1 protein in the ligustrazine+agomir group were significantly lower than those in the agomir group and ligustrazine+agomir NC group (P < 0.05). In cartilage and subchondral bone tissues, the loss of cartilage matrix and vascular invasion in the agomir group, ligustrazine+agomir NC group and ligustrazine+agomir group were slighter than those in the model group and agomir NC group. In cartilage and subchondral bone tissues, Osteoarthritis Research Society International score, vascular endothelial growth factor protein and Notch1 protein in the agomir group, ligustrazine+agomir NC group and ligustrazine+agomir group were significantly lower than those in the model group and agomir NC group (P < 0.05). Osteoarthritis Research Society International score, vascular endothelial growth factor protein and Notch1 protein expression in the ligustrazine+agomir group were significantly lower than those in the agomir group and ligustrazine+agomir NC group (P < 0.05). To conclude, ligustrazine and overexpression of miR-20b-5p in synovium, cartilage and subchondral bone may inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor/Notch1 mediated angiogenesis, improve various histological manifestations to some extent, and alleviate disease progression in rats with earlystage knee osteoarthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis is an important pathological feature of early-stage knee osteoarthritis. Intra-articular injection of microRNA for the inhibition of angiogenesis may provide a new target for the treatment of early-stage knee osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of microRNA-20b-5p (miR-20b-5p) agomir on the angiogenesis of articular cartilage and subchondral bone in rats with earlystage knee osteoarthritis, and to explore the possible protective mechanism of miR-20b-5p. METHODS: Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats were enrolled, three of which were randomly selected as blank group, and the remaining nine rats were randomly divided into model group, miR-20b agomir group and miR-20b agomir NC group, with three rats in each group. One week after modeling, the blank group was not treated, while in the model, miR-20b agomir and miR-20b agomir NC groups, 0.2 mL of normal saline, miR-20b-5p agomir saline solution and miR-20b-5p agomir NC saline solution was injected into the rat bilateral knee joints, respectively. Four weeks later, the rats in each group were killed and the knee joints were taken for saffron O-fast green staining, immunohistochemical staining, and Osteoarthritis Research Society International scoring. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and western blot assay were used to detect the expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1α and vascular endothelial growth factor at mRNA and protein levels in the cartilage and subchondral bone. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The score of Osteoarthritis Research Society International in the miR-20b agomir group was significantly lower than that in the model group and miR-20b agomir NC group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between model group and miR-20b agomir NC group (P > 0.05). The pathological sections of the knee joint showed that there was an increase in the loss of cartilage matrix and the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor proteins in the cartilage and subchondral bone in all intervention groups compared with the blank group. The degree of cartilage matrix loss and the expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1α and vascular endothelial growth factor proteins in the cartilage and subchondral bone in the miR-20b agomir group were lower than those in the model group and miR-20b agomir NC group. The mRNA and protein expression levels of hypoxia inducible factor 1α and vascular endothelial growth factor in the cartilage and subchondral bone in the miR-20b agomir group were significantly lower than those in the model group and miR-20b agomir NC group (P < 0.05). To conclude, overexpression of miR-20b-5p can protect early-stage osteoarthritis cartilage and subchondral bone by inhibiting angiogenesis mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α/vascular endothelial growth factor pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Bushen Jianpi Huoxue Recipe is an empirical prescription commonly used in the treatment of osteoporosis. However, its potential molecular mechanism needs to be further explored. OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential molecular mechanism of Bushen Jianpi Huoxue Recipe in the treatment of osteoporosis based on network pharmacology, and to verify the possibility of its effect through histone methylation modification. METHODS: Based on the network pharmacology, the active drug components and action targets of Bushen Jianpi Huoxue Recipe were screened from relevant database using relevant software, and the targets of osteoporosis-related diseases were obtained. The intersected targets were obtained and identified as the potential targets of Bushen Jianpi Huoxue Recipe in the treatment of osteoporosis. The drug component-target network was constructed by String and Cytoscape software, and the core targets were screened out. The functions and genes related to histone modification were extracted based on the results of GO biological analysis, and the target genes related to histone modification were screened from the core targets. Literature analysis was performed to indicate the possible biological role of target genes in osteoporosis and histone modification. In vitro cell experiments were conducted to verify the effect of Bushen Jianpi Huoxue Recipe on osteogenic differentiation in the treatment of osteoporosis via the regulation of histone demethylase JMJD2B that is closely related to the target. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 118 active drug components related to osteoporosis were identified, with 165 corresponding targets. The core targets were IL6, TP53, FOS, JUN, STAT3, RELA, CCND1, MYC, MAPK1, MAPK8, MAPK14, VEGFA, AKT1, ESR1, TNF, NR3C1 and so on. GO biological function analysis showed that the biological functions such as drug response, nutrition level response, oxidative stress response, steroid hormone response, transcriptional regulation, transcription factor binding, phosphatase binding, protease binding, and steroid hormone receptor activity were closely related to the common targets. The core targets such as MAPK8, VEGFA and TP53 were related to histone modification; luteolin, quercetin, and kaempferol might be the main drug components affecting histone modification in the treatment of osteoporosis. Results from the in vitro cell experiment revealed that the expression of osteogenesis-related alkaline phosphatase, JMJD2B and RUNX2 protein increased significantly in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells treated with Bushen Jianpi Huoxue Recipe. Histone demethylase JMJD2B, which is closely related to the pharmacological target of Bushen Jianpi Huoxue Recipe, might promote osteogenic differentiation in the treatment of osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relaxor ferroelectric single crystals with perovskite (ABO3) structure possess excellent electromechanical coupling properties and are considered as the key materials of next-generation medical ultrasound transducers, high-precision piezoelectric actuators, and underwater acoustic transducers. According to the existing fundamental science and material preparation issues in relaxor ferroelectric crystals, this manuscript reviews the research progresses on the crystal growth and property optimization of relaxor ferroelectric singles in recent years. This review covers the following aspects: new crystal growth methods for enhancing the uniformity of composition and properties; new methods to improve the piezoelectric properties of relaxor ferroelectric single crystals; the control of ferroelectric domain structure to achieve high-light transmittance of relaxor ferroelectric crystals; the application of high-performance relaxor ferroelectric single crystals in the field of electro-optical technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kounis综合征是一种由于接触药物, 食物, 环境因素等诱因引起的具有一组特征性临床表现的过敏性急 性冠脉综合征, 临床分为血管痉挛性急性冠脉综合征, 过敏性血栓性心肌梗死和支架内血栓形成. 机制为过敏反应导 致肥大细胞和其他炎症细胞释放大量组织胺, 中性蛋白酶, 花生四烯酸产物, 血小板活化因子 (PAF) 以及多种细胞 因子和趋化因子. 该疾病的总体预后较好, 严重的并发症罕见, 是临床诊断不足和极易漏诊的一种疾病. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe the effects of Tongdu Tiaoshen acupuncture combined with citicoline on cognitive function, hemorheology and cerebral hemodynamics in patients with vascular dementia (VD) after cerebral infarction. Methods: 98 cases of VD after cerebral infarction who were treated in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March 2018 to March 2021 were selected. They were randomly divided into control group (49 cases, citicoline combined with traditional acupuncture) and observation group (49 cases, Tongdu Tiaoshen acupuncture combined with citicoline). The efficacy, cognitive function,dementia symptoms, activities of daily living, hemorheology and cerebral hemodynamics were compared between the two groups.Results: The total clinical effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of a ctivity of Daily Living Scale (ADL) and hasegawa dementia correction scale (HDS-R), mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in the observation group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The hematocrit, plasma viscosity, whole blood high shear viscosity and whole blood low shear viscosity in the observation group was lower than those of the control group (P<0.05).The peak systolic velocity (Vmax) and pulsatility index (PI) in the observation group were higher than those of the control group. The peak diastolic velocity (Vmin) and resistance index (RI) were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Citicoline-combined with Tongdu Tiaoshen acupuncture are effective in the treatment of patients with VD after cerebral infarction. It can improve dementia symptoms, cognitive function and activities of daily living, which may be related to the regulation of hemorheology and cerebral hemodynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainability in the grain production system is closely related to the entire food processing and supply chain for the national food security. It is a high demand to explore the sustainability of the Grain for Green Project for the grain production system, in order to accurately assess the relationship between ecological and food security. In this study, a comprehensive evaluation index system was constructed for the sustainability of the grain production system using the relevant data of grain production in various counties and districts of the Loess Plateau in 2000, 2010, and 2018. A typical ecological restoration project "Grain for Green" was then analyzed to clarify the impact of returning farmland on the sustainability of the grain production system. The results show that: 1) The sustainability of the grain production system on the Loess Plateau in 2018 was higher than that in 2000, indicating a gradually increasing trend. Specifically, the sustainability of the grain production system was dominated by the supply of natural resources, and then shifted to a stage dominated by the sustainable socio-economic development. 2) There were small differences in the sustainability of grain production systems on the Loess Plateau, most of which were in the low-to-medium sustainability level in 2000. Furthermore, the sustainable growth rate of the grain production system on the Loess Plateau reached 31.03% and 28.81%, respectively, from 2000 to 2010 and from 2010 to 2018. Therefore, the period from 2000 to 2010 presented a substantial improvement in the sustainability of the grain production system. 3) Although the cultivated land was greatly reduced (-33.48%) under the background of the Grain for Green Project, the average altitude and slope also showed a downward trend (decreased by 20.3 m and 0.88°, respectively), and the soil erosion modulus decreased from 16.14 to 9.34 t/(hm²·a), while the water volume and grain production potential increased by 5.09 mm/km² and 53.75 kg/(hm²·a) annually, respectively. 4) The sustainability of the grain production system exhibited significant improvement under the background of the Grain for Green Project, indicating a positive effect of project implementation on the sustainability of the grain production system in the six sub-regions. More importantly, there was an increase from 0.14 to 0.17 in the sustainability index of the grain production system in the rocky mountainous area, which was the most affected by the project of the Grain for Green. Correspondingly, the Grain for Green Project can return the farmland to the ecologically fragile areas, particularly of soil erosion and land desertification. Therefore, the spatial distribution pattern greatly varied in the quality, average altitude, and height of cultivated land, indicating the reduced material supply of food production. As a result, the soil erosion modulus was reduced to effectively improve the water conservation capacity, the ecological environment, and the sustainability of the grain production system. On the whole, the Grain for Green Project has promoted the sustainability of the grain production system for the better ecological restoration of national food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The yield traits and photosynthetic parameters of sweet potato germplasm resources were studied to screen sweet potato varieties with high photosynthetic efficiency and yield, which can provides parent materials reference for sweet potato breeding with high-light efficiency and yield. [Method] The photosynthetic parameters and yield of 57 sweet potato cultivars ( lines) were measured, and their photosynthetic characteristics and yield were comprehensively analyzed by ANO VA, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. [Result] The yield of sweet potato varieties varied greatly. Among varieties (lines), the number of sweet potato per plant was 1. 4 - 6. 8, the yield per plant was 0. 24 - 0. 94 kg, and the number of commercial sweet potato per plant was 0. 13 - 0. 80 kg. The photosynthetic parameters showed significant differences, as the coefficient of variation ranged from 5. 12% to 28. 15%, as transpiration efficiency> stomata! conductance > transpiration rate >water use efficiency > cargoxylation efficiency > net photosynthetic rate > C1 . The net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate were significantly positively correlated with yield traits. In addition, there were different degrees of correlation among photosynthetic parameters. Through principal component analysis, three principal components were extracted as all eigenvalues were greater than 1, and the cumulative contribution rate of variance reached 96. 38% . 57 sweet potato germplasm resources could be divided into five groups. Among them, groups ill performed outstandingly in aspects of net photosynthetic rate, stomata! conductance, intercellular Co2 concentration, transpiration rate and yield trait. [Conclusion] Different sweet potato cultivars ( lines) existed abundant genetic diversity in yield and photosynthetic characteristics. Nine varieties ( or lines) of groups ill can be used as breeding materials for high photosynthetic efficiency and yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the cultivated land in the Xinbei district of Changzhou City in Jiangsu Province of China as the research object, an evaluation model was constructed for the patch-scale arable land fragmentation using the integrated functional zoning and regional clustering. Taking the cultivated land patch as the basic unit, some indicators were firstly selected, including the patch area, contiguous degree, and shape index. A spatial analysis was conducted to calculate the indicators, such as aggregation in ArcGIS 10.6. Secondly, the area weighting was used to expand the patch index to the area with the administrative village as the unit, where the Getis-Ord Gi* was further used to identify the cold and hot areas of each index for the degree of regional fragmentation. Thirdly, the research area was divided into functional zones using two-step clustering, where the administrative villages with neighboring geographical locations and similar fragmentation attributes were clustered into one zone. Finally, the Python-based Sklearn library was selected to implement the K-means clustering with the silhouette measure. The silhouette measure was introduced to determine the optimal number of clusters and the best clustering. The clustering data was then used to evaluate the degree of fragmentation of the cultivated land. The results showed that: 1) There were the insignificant area, continuous regular areas, and discrete complex zone, according to the clustering data of functional zoning. 2) The cultivated land patches were classified into three categories: Category 1, the number of patches was 17 332, the average area of patches was too small, the degree of continuity was low, the area of patch was concentrated in 0-10 000 m2, the area accounted for 21.98%, and the contiguous degree was concentrated in 1-4, mainly distributed in the central area; Category 2, the number of patches was 4 535, the complex and irregular shape of patches, the area accounts for 9.65%, the shape index was concentrated in 1.5-2.5, evenly distributed in the whole area; Category 3, the number of patches was 4 091, the patches were concentrated and regular, where the area accounted for 68.37%, the contiguous degree were concentrated in 5-10, and the shape index was concentrated in 1-1.5, mainly distributed in the peripheral area. Some consolidation suggestions were proposed, according to the fine fragmentation attributes of different categories of cultivated land. A fragmentation model of patch-scale arable land was constructed using the integrated multi-clusters and functional zoning. The index was applied for the landscape pattern indicator to the vector patch scale. There was no need to assign the weight to various indicators during clustering. The regional fragmentation degree was utilized for the specific fragmentation pattern within the region. The model can quickly, intelligently, and low-costly evaluate the fragmented cultivated land patches, which is conducive to further planning and consolidation. The model can be expected to fast, intelligently, and low-costly evaluate the finely divided farming patches for further planning and improvement. This finding can provide a strong reference to improve the evaluation of cultivated land fragmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Studies have reported that the combined use of ginger extract to reduce the levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin- 1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, is related to the reduction of cartilage injury in knee osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To observe the protective effect of red ginger extract on articular cartilage and the expression of serum interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and cartilage tissue type II collagen α1 mRNA in rats with early knee osteoarthritis, and to explore the protective effect of red ginger extract on articular cartilage of rats with early knee osteoarthritis and its possible mechanism. METHODS: Fifty SPF Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, low-dose red ginger, high-dose red ginger and positive control group (n=10 per group). Except for the blank group, the rats in the other four groups were used to prepare knee osteoarthritis models by intraarticular injection of 4% papain 0.2 mL+0.03 mol/L L-cysteine mixed solution. The rats in the blank and model groups were fed routinely, and the lowdose red ginger, high-dose red ginger and positive control groups were given 50 mg/kg red ginger extract aqueous solution, 100 mg/kg red ginger extract aqueous solution and 18 mg/kg celecoxib capsule aqueous solution respectively. All the interventions were conducted once a day, for 4 continuous weeks. Four weeks after treatment, the rats in each group were killed and the knee joints were stained with safranin O-fast green. The articular cartilage was scored by Mankin scoring. The expression levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α in serum and type II collagen α1 mRNA in cartilage were detected. The study protocol was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, with an approval No. 20190917002. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The pathological section of knee cartilage showed that there was cartilage matrix loss in the model and each treatment group, and the Mankin score of each treatment group was significantly higher than that of the blank group (P < 0.05) and lower than that of the model group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the high-dose group and the positive control group (P > 0.05), but the scores of the two groups were lower than that of the low-dose group. The levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α were upregulated in the positive control group, high-dose red ginger group and low-dose red ginger group compared with the blank group and down-regulated compared with the model group (P < 0.05). Moreover, and the levels of these cytokines were ranked as follows: positive control group < high-dose red ginger group < low-dose red ginger group (P < 0.05). The level of type II collagen α1 mRNA in cartilage showed no significant difference between the blank group and the high-dose red ginger group and the positive control group (P > 0.05), whereas the expression of type II collagen α1 mRNA was significantly increased in the model group and low-dose red ginger group compared with the other three groups (P < 0.05). To conclude, red ginger extract may protect the articular cartilage of knee osteoarthritis by inhibiting interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, thereby delaying the development of knee osteoarthritis. Compared with the low-dose group, high-dose red ginger extract has better anti-inflammatory effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]