994 results on '"Zörner A"'
Search Results
352. Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Two New Main Group Element Carboranylamidinates
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Liebing, Phil, primary, Harmgarth, Nicole, additional, Zörner, Florian, additional, Engelhardt, Felix, additional, Hilfert, Liane, additional, Busse, Sabine, additional, and Edelmann, Frank, additional
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- 2019
- Full Text
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353. Probing Corticospinal Control During Different Locomotor Tasks Using Detailed Time-Frequency Analysis of Electromyograms
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Filli, Linard, primary, Meyer, Christian, additional, Killeen, Tim, additional, Lörincz, Lilla, additional, Göpfert, Beat, additional, Linnebank, Michael, additional, von Tscharner, Vinzenz, additional, Curt, Armin, additional, Bolliger, Marc, additional, and Zörner, Björn, additional
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- 2019
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354. Structural Investigation of New Lithium Amidinates and Guanidinates
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Liebing, Phil, primary, Harmgarth, Nicole, additional, Lorenz, Volker, additional, Zörner, Florian, additional, Hilfert, Liane, additional, Busse, Sabine, additional, and Edelmann, Frank T., additional
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- 2019
- Full Text
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355. Monitoring Soil Water Content Using Time‐Lapse Horizontal Borehole GPR Data at the Field‐Plot Scale
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Klotzsche, Anja, primary, Lärm, Lena, additional, Vanderborght, Jan, additional, Cai, Gaochao, additional, Morandage, Shehan, additional, Zörner, Miriam, additional, Vereecken, Harry, additional, and Kruk, Jan, additional
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- 2019
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356. Positive effects of fampridine on cognition, fatigue and depression in patients with multiple sclerosis over 2 years
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Nicole Germann, Olivia Geisseler, Linard Filli, Björn Zörner, Peter Brugger, Michael Linnebank, and Sarah D. Broicher
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Multiple Sclerosis ,Time Factors ,Walk Test ,Motor Activity ,Neuropsychological Tests ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Cognition ,Double-Blind Method ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,medicine ,Verbal fluency test ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cognitive skill ,Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance ,4-Aminopyridine ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Fatigue ,Psychomotor learning ,Psychotropic Drugs ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Depression ,Neuropsychological test ,Middle Aged ,Alertness ,Treatment Outcome ,Neurology ,Delayed-Action Preparations ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
To assess the effects of PR-fampridine on cognitive functioning, fatigue and depression in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Thirty-two PwMS were included in this trial. Cognitive performance was assessed in an open-label and randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study design using a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery as well as questionnaires examining depression and fatigue. We found significant improvements in cognitive measures assessing alertness (tonic alertness, p = 0.0244 and phasic alertness, p = 0.0428), psychomotor speed (p = 0.0140) as well as verbal fluency (p = 0.0002) during open-label treatment with PR-fampridine. These effects of performance were paralleled by patients’ perception of reduced fatigue (physical, p = 0.0131; cognitive, p = 0.0225; total, p = 0.0126). Fampridine-induced improvements in phasic alertness (p = 0.0010) and measures of fatigue (physical, p = 0.0014; cognitive, p = 0.0003; total, p = 0.0005) were confirmed during randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled assessment in the second year. In addition, we found positive effects of PR-fampridine on depressive symptoms (p = 0.0049). We demonstrated persisting beneficial effects of PR-fampridine on fatigue in PwMS over a period of more than 2 years. Drug responsiveness regarding cognitive performance and fatigue was not limited to walking responders. Our data demonstrate significant positive effects of treatment with PR-fampridine over 2 years on different cognitive domains as well as fatigue and depression in a cohort of PwMS. These findings imply that PR-fampridine should be considered as symptomatic treatment improving aspects of cognition, fatigue and depression in PwMS.
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- 2017
357. Lower extremity outcome measures: considerations for clinical trials in spinal cord injury
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Linda Jones, Milos R. Popovic, Naomi Kleitman, Giorgio Scivoletto, Kristin E. Musselman, Dorothy Barthélemy, Jan M. Schwab, Dan Lammertse, John D. Steeves, Keith E. Tansey, Christopher S. Easthope, Dany H. Gagnon, Sylvie Nadeau, Björn Zörner, Serge Rossignol, Dirk Haupt, Armin Curt, Andrew R. Blight, Marc Bolliger, Michael L. Boninger, R Rupp, Laurent J. Bouyer, Edelle C. Field-Fote, Lea Awai, University of Zurich, and Bolliger, Marc
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030506 rehabilitation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Neurology ,MEDLINE ,Clinical Neurology ,610 Medicine & health ,Review Article ,Outcome (game theory) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Health care ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,Medicine ,Humans ,Spinal cord injury ,Spinal Cord Injuries ,Clinical Trials as Topic ,business.industry ,Surrogate endpoint ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Review article ,Clinical trial ,2728 Neurology (clinical) ,Lower Extremity ,2808 Neurology ,10046 Balgrist University Hospital, Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Center ,Neurology (clinical) ,0305 other medical science ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Study Design This is a focused review article. Objectives To identify important concepts in lower extremity (LE) assessment with a focus on locomotor outcomes and provide guidance on how existing outcome measurement tools may be best used to assess experimental therapies in spinal cord injury (SCI). The emphasis lies on LE outcomes in individuals with complete and incomplete SCI in Phase II-III trials. Methods This review includes a summary of topics discussed during a workshop focusing on LE function in SCI, conceptual discussion of corresponding outcome measures and additional focused literature review. Results There are a number of sensitive, accurate, and responsive outcome tools measuring both quantitative and qualitative aspects of LE function. However, in trials with individuals with very acute injuries, a baseline assessment of the primary (or secondary) LE outcome measure is often not feasible. Conclusion There is no single outcome measure to assess all individuals with SCI that can be used to monitor changes in LE function regardless of severity and level of injury. Surrogate markers have to be used to assess LE function in individuals with severe SCI. However, it is generally agreed that a direct measurement of the performance for an appropriate functional activity supersedes any surrogate marker. LE assessments have to be refined so they can be used across all time points after SCI, regardless of the level or severity of spinal injury. Sponsors Craig H. Neilsen Foundation, Spinal Cord Outcomes Partnership Endeavor.
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- 2017
358. LiDAR-Based Regional Inventory of Tall Trees—Wellington, New Zealand
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Zörner, Jan, primary, Dymond, John, additional, Shepherd, James, additional, Wiser, Susan, additional, and Jolly, Ben, additional
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- 2018
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359. Evaluating Today's Landscape Multifunctionality and Providing an Alternative Future: A Normative Scenario Approach
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Rainer Waldhardt, Martin Bach, René Borresch, Lutz Breuer, Tim Diekötter, Hans-Georg Frede, Stefan Gäth, Oliver Ginzler, Thomas Gottschalk, Stefan Julich, Matthias Krumpholz, Friedrich Kuhlmann, Annette Otte, Birgit Reger, Wolfgang Reiher, Kim Schmitz, P. Michael Schmitz, Patrick Sheridan, Dietmar Simmering, Cornelia Weist, Volkmar Wolters, and Dorit Zörner
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agriculture ,ecosystem services ,Germany ,modeling ,sustainability ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
Intensive agriculture has had multiple negative effects on the environment across large areas of Europe, including a decrease in the degree to which these landscapes serve multiple functions. A quantitative evaluation of the deficits in landscape multifunctionality is difficult, however, for a given landscape as long as "multifunctional reference landscapes" are lacking. We present an interdisciplinary normative scenario approach to overcome this obstacle. Given the example of the lower Wetter-catchment in the Wetterau region (Hesse, Germany), we compare the existing landscape with an expert-generated multifunctional landscape scenario that may also serve as an alternative future. This approach may inspire policy makers and land users by providing a methodology for the design of alternative multifunctional futures in five steps: (1) documentation of today's landscape structure and land use at the scale of uniformly managed land units; (2) detection of functional deficits of today's landscape considering environmental (soil contamination, groundwater production, water quality, biodiversity), economic (land rent), and societal (landscape perception by its population) attributes; (3) compilation of a catalogue of alternative land uses (including linear landscape elements) suitable to minimize the detected functional deficits; (4) rule-based modification of today's land-use pattern into a normative scenario; and (5) comparison of today's landscape and the normative scenario by applying the model network ITE²M. Results highlight a strongly unbalanced allocation of private and public goods in today's landscape with severe deficits in environmental and societal landscape features, but a significantly higher land rent. The designed multifunctional scenario, instead, may be preferred by the local population, and their willingness to pay for multifunctionality could potentially compensate calculated opportunity costs. Hence, the generated landscape scenario may be regarded as an alternative, multifunctional future.
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- 2010
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360. Surprising reactivity of the unsymmetrically substituted amidinate anion [MeC(NEt)(NtBu)]−
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Volker Lorenz, Cristian G. Hrib, Liane Hilfert, Sabine Busse, Andrea Schmielau, Frank T. Edelmann, and Florian Zörner
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Lanthanide ,Stereochemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Trimer ,Crystal structure ,Biochemistry ,Medicinal chemistry ,Inorganic Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Deprotonation ,chemistry ,Materials Chemistry ,Lithium ,Methyllithium ,Reactivity (chemistry) ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Methyl group - Abstract
Three unexpected products derived from the unsymmetrically substituted amidinate anion [MeC(NEt)(NtBu)]− are reported. Treatment of 1-tert-butyl-3-ethyl-carbodiimide, tBu-N C N–Et, with 1 equiv. of methyllithium in diethyl ether afforded colorless crystals of the unusual octanuclear lithium amidinate derivative {[LiN(Et)C(Me)N(tBu)]2⋅LiN(Et)C(CH2Li)N(tBu) Et2O}2 (1) in 57% yield instead of the expected lithium amidinate Li[MeC(NEt)(NtBu)]. In the molecule of 1, one central methyl group in a trimer of Li[MeC(NEt)(NtBu)] is deprotoned and two of these partially deprotonated trimers are linked through a central eight-membered [C–N–Li–CH2]2 ring to afford the octanuclear product 1. The same reaction carried out in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) solution produced the oxygen-centered, heptanuclear lithium amidinate cluster {Li[MeC(NEt)(NtBu)]}5⋅Li2O (2) (21% yield). Treatment of anhydrous praseodymium trichloride with in situ-prepared Li[MeC(NEt)(NtBu)] in Et2O/THF afforded green (THF)Li[Pr{MeC(NEt)(NtBu)}4] (3) as the first anionic tetrakis(amidinato)lanthanide(III) complex in 55% isolated yield. The molecular and crystal structures of all three new compounds have been elucidated by X-ray diffraction.
- Published
- 2015
361. Softwarearchitekturen dokumentieren und kommunizieren
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Stefan Zörner
- Published
- 2015
362. Stichwortverzeichnis
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Stefan Zörner
- Published
- 2015
363. Stochastic model specification in Markov switching vector error correction models.
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Hauzenberger, Niko, Huber, Florian, Pfarrhofer, Michael, and Zörner, Thomas O.
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MARKOV processes ,STOCHASTIC models ,EUROZONE ,PARSIMONIOUS models ,INFLATION forecasting - Abstract
This paper proposes a hierarchical modeling approach to perform stochastic model specification in Markov switching vector error correction models. We assume that a common distribution gives rise to the regime-specific regression coefficients. The mean as well as the variances of this distribution are treated as fully stochastic and suitable shrinkage priors are used. These shrinkage priors enable to assess which coefficients differ across regimes in a flexible manner. In the case of similar coefficients, our model pushes the respective regions of the parameter space towards the common distribution. This allows for selecting a parsimonious model while still maintaining sufficient flexibility to control for sudden shifts in the parameters, if necessary. We apply our modeling approach to real-time Euro area data and assume transition probabilities between expansionary and recessionary regimes to be driven by the cointegration errors. The results suggest that the regime allocation is governed by a subset of short-run adjustment coefficients and regime-specific variance-covariance matrices. These findings are complemented by an out-of-sample forecast exercise, illustrating the advantages of the model for predicting Euro area inflation in real time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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364. Credit cycles, human capital and the distribution of income.
- Author
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Kubin, Ingrid and Zörner, Thomas O.
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HUMAN capital , *LIQUIDATING dividends , *INCOME inequality , *ECONOMIC equilibrium , *BOND market - Abstract
In this paper, we augment a model of endogenous credit cycles by Matsuyama et al. (2016) with human capital to study its impact on the stability of income evolution and its distribution. Human capital is modelled as pure external effect of production, following a learning-by-producing approach. Agents have access to two different investment projects, which differ substantially in their next generations spillover effects. Some generate pecuniary externalities and technological spillovers through human capital formation whereas others fail to do so. Moreover, the latter are subject to financial frictions. Together with the interaction between those projects, endogenous credit cycles occur and a pattern of boom and bust cycles can be observed. We explore the impact of human capital on the systems stability by providing analytical results and numerical simulations, which confirm a strong interaction between credit market frictions and the importance of human capital in the production process. In general, we found that an increasing importance of human capital has an ambiguous effect on the income evolution. Especially during transition periods, we observe a destabilising effect while with high human capital importance, the income path is stabilised. Moreover, an increase of the importance of human capital favours investment projects with positive intergenerational spillovers, thus driving up the labour income of the young generation. Thus, our study reveals that human capital is an essential factor for economic stability under the presence of financial frictions and has substantial positive effects on the income distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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365. Prolonged-release fampridine in multiple sclerosis: Improved ambulation effected by changes in walking pattern
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Lilla Lörincz, Melinda Farkas, Linard Filli, Adam Czaplinski, Björn Zörner, Katja Reuter, David Weller, Christopher S. Easthope, Tabea Sutter, Michael Weller, Michael Linnebank, Sandra Kapitza, University of Zurich, and Zörner, B
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Multiple Sclerosis ,Walk Test ,610 Medicine & health ,Placebo ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Double-Blind Method ,Clinical endpoint ,medicine ,Potassium Channel Blockers ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,4-Aminopyridine ,10266 Clinic for Reconstructive Surgery ,Gait ,Gait Disorders, Neurologic ,Balance (ability) ,business.industry ,Multiple sclerosis ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Biomechanical Phenomena ,Walking Speed ,10040 Clinic for Neurology ,Preferred walking speed ,Clinical trial ,Treatment Outcome ,2728 Neurology (clinical) ,Neurology ,Delayed-Action Preparations ,2808 Neurology ,Physical therapy ,Female ,10046 Balgrist University Hospital, Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Center ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background: Prolonged-release fampridine (PR-fampridine, 4-aminopyridine) increases walking speed in the timed 25-foot walk test (T25FW) in some patients (timed-walk responders) with multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To explore the effects of PR-fampridine on different aspects of walking function and to identify associated gait modifications in subjects with MS. Methods: In this prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase II study (FAMPKIN; clinicaltrials.gov , NCT01576354), subjects received a 6-week course of oral placebo or PR-fampridine treatment (10 mg, twice daily) before crossing over. Using 3D-motion-analysis, kinematic and kinetic parameters were assessed during treadmill walking (primary endpoint). Clinical outcome measures included T25FW, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and balance scales. Physical activity in everyday life was measured with an accelerometer device. Results: Data from 55 patients were suitable for analysis. Seventeen subjects were timed-walk responders under PR-fampridine. For the total study population and for responders, a significant increase in walking speed (T25FW) and distance (6MWT) was observed. Gait pattern changes were found at the single-subject level and correlated with improvements in the T25FW and 6MWT. Physical activity was increased in responders. Conclusion: PR-fampridine improves walking speed, endurance, and everyday physical activity in a subset of subjects with MS and leads to individual modifications of the gait pattern.
- Published
- 2016
366. Absatz
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Zörner, R. and Zörner, R.
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- 1904
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367. Allgemeiner Rückblick auf die Absatzverhältnisse
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Zörner, R. and Zörner, R.
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- 1904
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368. CRootBox: a structural–functional modelling framework for root systems
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UCL - SST/ELI/ELIA - Agronomy, Schnepf, Andrea, Leitner, Daniel, Landl, Magdalena, Lobet, Guillaume, Mai, Trung Hieu, Morandage, Shehan, Sheng, Cheng, Zörner, Mirjam, Vanderborght, Jan, Vereecken, Harry, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIA - Agronomy, Schnepf, Andrea, Leitner, Daniel, Landl, Magdalena, Lobet, Guillaume, Mai, Trung Hieu, Morandage, Shehan, Sheng, Cheng, Zörner, Mirjam, Vanderborght, Jan, and Vereecken, Harry
- Abstract
Root architecture development determines the sites in soil where roots provide input of carbon and take up water and solutes. However, root architecture is difficult to determine experimentally when grown in opaque soil. Thus, root architectural models have been widely used and been further developed into functional-structural models that simulate the fate of water and solutes in the soil-root system. We present a root architectural model, CRootBox, as a flexible framework to model architecture and its interactions with static and dynamic soil environments. CRootBox is a C++-based root architecture model with Python binding, so that CRootBox can be included via a shared library into any Python code. Output formats include VTP, DGF, RSML and CSV. We further created a database of published root architectural parameters. The capabilities of CRootBox for the unconfined growth of single root systems, as well as the different parameter sets, are highlighted into a freely available web application. We demonstrate the use of CRootBox for 5 different cases (1) free growth of individual root systems (2) growth of root systems in containers as a way to mimic experimental setups, (3), field scale simulation, (4) root growth as affected by heterogeneous, static soil conditions, and (5) coupling CRootBox with Soil Physics with Python code to dynamically compute water flow in soil, root water uptake, and water flow inside roots. In conclusion, we present a fast and flexible functional-structural root model which is based on state-of-the-art computational science methods. Its aim is to facilitate modelling of root responses to environmental conditions as well as the impact of root on soil. In the future, we plan to extend this approach to the aboveground part of the plant.
- Published
- 2018
369. Arm swing asymmetry in overground walking
- Author
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Killeen, Tim; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8246-4957, Elshehabi, Morad, Filli, Linard; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3882-2504, Hobert, Markus A, Hansen, Clint, Rieger, David; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4813-3868, Brockmann, Kathrin, Nussbaum, Susanne, Zörner, Björn, Bolliger, Marc, Curt, Armin, Berg, Daniela, Maetzler, Walter, Killeen, Tim; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8246-4957, Elshehabi, Morad, Filli, Linard; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3882-2504, Hobert, Markus A, Hansen, Clint, Rieger, David; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4813-3868, Brockmann, Kathrin, Nussbaum, Susanne, Zörner, Björn, Bolliger, Marc, Curt, Armin, Berg, Daniela, and Maetzler, Walter
- Abstract
Treadmill experiments suggest that left-dominant arm swing is common in healthy walking adults and is modulated by cognitive dual-tasking. Little is known about arm swing asymmetry in overground walking. We report directional (dASI) and non-directional arm swing symmetry indices (ndASI) from 334 adults (mean age 68.6 ± 5.9 y) walking overground at comfortable (NW) and fast (FW) speeds and while completing a serial subtraction task (DT). dASI and ndASI were calculated from sagittal shoulder range of motion data generated by inertial measurement units affixed to the wrist. Most (91%) participants were right-handed. Group mean arm swing amplitude was significantly larger on the left in all walking conditions. During NW, ndASI was 39.5 ± 21.8, with a dASI of 21.9 ± 39.5. Distribution of dASI was bimodal with an approximately 2:1 ratio of left:right-dominant arm swing. There were no differences in ndASI between conditions but dASI was smaller during DT compared to FW (15.2 vs 24.6; p = 0.009). Handedness was unrelated to ndASI, dASI or the change in ASI metrics under DT. Left-dominant arm swing is the norm in healthy human walking irrespective of walking condition or handedness. As disease markers, ndASI and dASI may have different and complementary roles.
- Published
- 2018
370. How to measure flexibility – Performance indicators for demand driven power generation from biogas plants
- Author
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Dotzauer, M., Pfeiffer, D., Lauer, M., Pohl, M., Mauky, E., Bär, K., Sonnleitner, M., Zörner, W., Hudde, J., Schwarz, B., Faßauer, B., Dahmen, M., Rieke, C., Herbert, J., Thrän, Daniela, Dotzauer, M., Pfeiffer, D., Lauer, M., Pohl, M., Mauky, E., Bär, K., Sonnleitner, M., Zörner, W., Hudde, J., Schwarz, B., Faßauer, B., Dahmen, M., Rieke, C., Herbert, J., and Thrän, Daniela
- Abstract
Flexible power provision from biogas can significantly contribute to energy systems with high shares of renewables. However, the characteristics and demands for this flexibility are not clearly defined or measured. In this paper eight indicators are defined to shape “flexibility” and perform a downstream investigation of eight research projects focusing on flexible energy provision of biogas plants. The indicators are structured in three dimensions (1) velocity (ramps) by which the system can be modulated, (2) power range (bandwidth) and (3) duration for specific load conditions. Based on these indicators bottlenecks for the flexibility potential were identified. One crucial result shows that short-term flexibility of biogas plants is mainly driven by properties of the combined heat and power unit (velocity and bandwidth). The long-term flexibility depends mainly on gas storage, mode of operation and ability for modulation of the target gas production.
- Published
- 2018
371. Tail spasms in rat spinal cord injury: Changes in interneuronal connectivity
- Author
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Linard Filli, Marc Bolliger, Oliver Weinmann, Sandra Kapitza, Martin E. Schwab, Björn Zörner, Volker Dietz, University of Zurich, and Zörner, B
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Tail ,Spasm ,Interneuron ,610 Medicine & health ,Motor Activity ,Inhibitory postsynaptic potential ,2806 Developmental Neuroscience ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Interneurons ,medicine ,Animals ,Stretch reflex ,Spasticity ,GABAergic Neurons ,Spinal cord injury ,Spinal Cord Injuries ,030304 developmental biology ,Motor Neurons ,0303 health sciences ,10242 Brain Research Institute ,Behavior, Animal ,business.industry ,Anatomy ,medicine.disease ,Spinal cord ,Cholinergic Neurons ,10040 Clinic for Neurology ,Rats ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,Rats, Inbred Lew ,2808 Neurology ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,Cholinergic ,GABAergic ,10046 Balgrist University Hospital, Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Center ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Uncontrolled muscle spasms often develop after spinal cord injury. Structural and functional maladaptive changes in spinal neuronal circuits below the lesion site were postulated as an underlying mechanism but remain to be demonstrated in detail. To further explore the background of such secondary phenomena, rats received a complete sacral spinal cord transection at S(2) spinal level. Animals progressively developed signs of tail spasms starting 1 week after injury. Immunohistochemistry was performed on S(3/4) spinal cord sections from intact rats and animals were sacrificed 1, 4 and 12 weeks after injury. We found a progressive decrease of cholinergic input onto motoneuron somata starting 1 week post-lesion succeeded by shrinkage of the cholinergic interneuron cell bodies located around the central canal. The number of inhibitory GABAergic boutons in close contact with Ia afferent fibers was greatly reduced at 1 week after injury, potentially leading to a loss of inhibitory control of the Ia stretch reflex pathways. In addition, a gradual loss and shrinkage of GAD65 positive GABAergic cell bodies was detected in the medial portion of the spinal cord gray matter. These results show that major structural changes occur in the connectivity of the sacral spinal cord interneuronal circuits below the level of transection. They may contribute in an important way to the development of spastic symptoms after spinal cord injury, while reduced cholinergic input on motoneurons is assumed to result in the rapid exhaustion of the central drive required for the performance of locomotor movements in animals and humans.
- Published
- 2012
372. Profiling locomotor recovery: comprehensive quantification of impairments after CNS damage in rodents
- Author
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Roman Gonzenbach, Hansjörg Kasper, Martina Röthlisberger, Linard Filli, Michelle L. Starkey, Björn Zörner, Marc Bolliger, Martin E. Schwab, University of Zurich, and Zörner, B
- Subjects
Central Nervous System ,1303 Biochemistry ,Central nervous system ,610 Medicine & health ,Walking ,Biochemistry ,1307 Cell Biology ,Mice ,1312 Molecular Biology ,medicine ,Animals ,Gait ,Molecular Biology ,Swimming ,Analysis method ,10242 Brain Research Institute ,business.industry ,Overground walking ,Cell Biology ,Spinal cord ,Rats ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Science research ,Rats, Inbred Lew ,1305 Biotechnology ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,10046 Balgrist University Hospital, Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Center ,Female ,Psychomotor Disorders ,Psychomotor disorder ,business ,Neuroscience ,Locomotion ,Psychomotor Performance ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Rodents are frequently used to model damage and diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) that lead to functional deficits. Impaired locomotor function is currently evaluated by using scoring systems or biomechanical measures. These methods often suffer from limitations such as subjectivity, nonlinearity and low sensitivity, or focus on a few very restricted aspects of movement. Thus, full quantitative profiles of motor deficits after CNS damage are lacking. Here we report the detailed characterization of locomotor impairments after applying common forms of CNS damage in rodents. We obtained many objective and quantitative readouts from rats with either spinal cord injuries or strokes and from transgenic mice (Epha4−/−) during skilled walking, overground walking, wading and swimming, resulting in model-specific locomotor profiles. Our testing and analysis method enables comprehensive assessment of locomotor function in rodents and has broad application in various fields of life science research.
- Published
- 2010
373. Human Capital in a Credit Cycle Model
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Kubin, Ingrid and Zörner, Thomas
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Human capital, Learning-by-producing, Credit cycles, Financial instability ,JEL C61, E32, E24, J24 - Abstract
We augment a model of endogenous credit cycles by Matsuyama et al.(2016) with human capital to study the impact of human capital on the stability of central economic aggregates. Thus we offer a linkage between human capital formation and credit market instability on a macrolevel combined with an analysis of functional income distribution. Human capital is modelled as pure external effect of production following a learning-by-producing approach. Agents have access to two different investment projects, which differ substantially in their next generations spillover effects. Some generate pecuniary externalities and technological spillovers through human capital formation whereas others fail to do so and are subject to financial frictions. Due to this endogenous credit cycles occur and a pattern of boom and bust cycles can be observed. We explore the impact of human capital on the stability of the system by numerical simulations which indicate that human capital has an ambiguous effect on the evolution of the output. Depending on the strength of the financial friction and the output share of human capital it either amplifies or mitigates output fluctuations. This analysis shows that human capital is an essential factor for economic stability and sustainable growth as a high human capital share tends to make the system's stability robust against shocks., Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
- Published
- 2017
374. Threshold cointegration and adaptive shrinkage
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Huber, Florian and Zörner, Thomas
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JEL C11, C32, C53, F31, F47 ,non-linear modeling, shrinkage priors, multivariate cointegration, exchange rate modeling - Abstract
This paper considers Bayesian estimation of the threshold vector error correction (TVECM) model in moderate to large dimensions. Using the lagged cointegrating error as a threshold variable gives rise to additional difficulties that are typically solved by relying on large sample approximations. Relying on Markov chain Monte Carlo methods we circumvent these issues by avoiding computationally prohibitive estimation strategies like the grid search. Due to the proliferation of parameters we use novel global-local shrinkage priors in the spirit of Griffin and Brown (2010). We illustrate the merits of our approach in an application to five exchange rates vis-á-vis the US dollar and assess whether a given currency is over or undervalued. Moreover, we perform a forecasting comparison to investigate whether it pays off to adopt a non-linear modeling approach relative to a set of simpler benchmark models., Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
- Published
- 2017
375. Minimum toe clearance: probing the neural control of locomotion
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Armin Curt, Lilla Lőrincz, Marc Bolliger, Michael Linnebank, Tim Killeen, Björn Zörner, László Demkó, Christopher S. Easthope, Linard Filli, University of Zurich, and Killeen, Tim
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Science ,610 Medicine & health ,Affect (psychology) ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Neural control ,medicine ,Humans ,Young adult ,Gait ,Simulation ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,1000 Multidisciplinary ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Motor control ,Cognition ,030229 sport sciences ,Middle Aged ,Models, Theoretical ,10040 Clinic for Neurology ,Exercise Test ,Medicine ,Female ,10046 Balgrist University Hospital, Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Center ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cognitive load ,Locomotion ,Psychomotor Performance ,Stroop effect - Abstract
Minimum toe clearance (MTC) occurs during a highly dynamic phase of the gait cycle and is associated with the highest risk of unintentional contact with obstacles or the ground. Age, cognitive function, attention and visual feedback affect foot clearance but how these factors interact to influence MTC control is not fully understood. We measured MTC in 121 healthy individuals aged 20–80 under four treadmill walking conditions; normal walking, lower visual field restriction and two Stroop colour/word naming tasks of two difficulty levels. Competition for cognitive and attentional resources from the Stroop task resulted in significantly lower mean MTC in older adults, with the difficult Stroop task associated with a higher frequency of extremely low MTC values and subsequently an increased modelled probability of tripping in this group. While older adults responded to visual restriction by markedly skewing MTC distributions towards higher values, this condition was also associated with frequent, extremely low MTC values. We reveal task-specific, age-dependent patterns of MTC control in healthy adults. Age-related differences are most pronounced during heavy, distracting cognitive load. Analysis of critically-low MTC values during dual-task walking may have utility in the evaluation of locomotor control and fall risk in older adults and patients with motor control deficits.
- Published
- 2017
376. Synthesis and Crystal Structures of the First Antimony(III) Aziridinides
- Author
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Mindaugas Silinskas, Edmund P. Burte, Phil Liebing, Nicole Harmgarth, Frank T. Edelmann, and Florian Zörner
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Stereochemistry ,Dimer ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Crystal structure ,Aziridine ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Inorganic Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Crystallography ,chemistry ,Antimony ,Amide ,Anhydrous ,Lithium ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Homoleptic ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The first antimony(III) aziridinyl derivatives are reported. Treatment of anhydrous SbCl3 with N-lithioaziridine Li(Azn) (Azn = NC2H4) afforded the structurally unique heterobimetallic lithium/antimony(III) amide complex [Li3Sb(μ3-Cl)2(μ-Azn)4(THF)2]∞ (1). Homoleptic Sb2(Azn)6 (2) has become available for the first time through an amide group exchange reaction between Sb(NMe2)3 and 3 equiv of aziridine. The low-melting Sb2(Azn)6 exhibits a “weak dimer” structure in the crystal.
- Published
- 2017
377. Monitoring long-term efficacy of fampridine in gait-impaired patients with multiple sclerosis
- Author
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Jens A. Petersen, Sandra Kapitza, David Weller, Tabea Sutter, Tim Killeen, Lilla Lörincz, Katja Reuter, Michael Linnebank, Philipp Gruber, Björn Zörner, Michael Weller, Linard Filli, University of Zurich, and Filli, Linard
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Multiple Sclerosis ,Time Factors ,Walk Test ,610 Medicine & health ,Placebo ,law.invention ,Efficacy ,03 medical and health sciences ,Diagnostic Self Evaluation ,Disability Evaluation ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Randomized controlled trial ,Double-Blind Method ,law ,medicine ,Potassium Channel Blockers ,Humans ,4-Aminopyridine ,Gait ,business.industry ,Multiple sclerosis ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,10040 Clinic for Neurology ,Preferred walking speed ,030104 developmental biology ,Treatment Outcome ,2728 Neurology (clinical) ,Tolerability ,Ambulatory ,Female ,10046 Balgrist University Hospital, Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Center ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Objective:To expand upon the limited knowledge of the long-term effects of prolonged-release (PR) fampridine in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) regarding safety, walking improvements, and changes in drug responsiveness.Methods:Fifty-three PwMS who completed the FAMPKIN core study were included in this extension trial. Drug efficacy was assessed in an open-label and randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study design with regular baseline assessments over a period of 2 years using the Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25FW), 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), and 12-item MS Walking Scale (MSWS-12) as outcome measures.Results:The data showed good tolerability and persisting efficacy of PR fampridine during long-term treatment in PwMS. Significant improvements in walking speed, endurance, and self-perceived ambulatory function were observed during open-label (T25FW: +11.5%; 6MWT: 10.7%; MSWS-12: 6.1 points) and double-blind controlled treatment with PR fampridine (T25FW: +13.1%; 6MWT: 11.9%; MSWS-12: 7.4 points). Several patients showed changes in drug responsiveness over time, resulting in an increased proportion of patients exceeding 10% or 20% improvements in walking measures after long-term treatment.Conclusions:Efficacy and tolerability data confirmed PR fampridine as a valuable long-term treatment for improving ambulatory function in gait-impaired PwMS. Similar results in open-label and double-blind phases reveal that the walking tests used are objective and reliable. The considerable proportion of patients in whom responsiveness to PR fampridine changed over time emphasizes the importance of regular reassessment of drug efficacy in clinical practice to optimize treatment. Such reassessments seem to be particularly important in patients with poor initial drug responses, as this group demonstrated enhanced responsiveness after long-term treatment.Clinicaltrials.gov identifier:NCT01576354.Classification of evidence:This study provides Class II evidence that PR fampridine significantly improved gait compared to placebo in a 2-week study in PwMS who had been using PR fampridine for 2 years.
- Published
- 2017
378. Nogo-A antibodies enhance axonal repair and remyelination in neuro-inflammatory and demyelinating pathology
- Author
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Ineichen, Benjamin V, Kapitza, Sandra, Bleul, Christiane, Good, Nicolas, Plattner, Patricia S, Seyedsadr, Maryam S, Kaiser, Julia, Schneider, Marc P, Zörner, Björn, Martin, Roland, Linnebank, Michael, Schwab, Martin E, University of Zurich, and Ineichen, Benjamin V
- Subjects
2734 Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,2728 Neurology (clinical) ,2804 Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,610 Medicine & health ,10040 Clinic for Neurology - Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
379. Validation of a District Heating System Model and Simulation-Based Investigation of Bidirectional Heat Transport by Decentralised Solar Thermal Plants
- Author
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Vicky Cheng, Daniel Beckenbauer, Mathias Ehrenwirth, Michael Klärner, and Wilfried Zörner
- Subjects
Heating system ,Nuclear engineering ,Thermal ,Environmental science ,Simulation based - Published
- 2017
380. Increasing cognitive load attenuates right arm swing in healthy human walking
- Author
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Miriam Schrafl-Altermatt, Linard Filli, Armin Curt, Tim Killeen, Michael Linnebank, Björn Zörner, Christopher S. Easthope, Marc Bolliger, Lilla Lőrincz, Peter Brugger, University of Zurich, and Killeen, Tim
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,arm swing ,Poison control ,610 Medicine & health ,Lateralization of brain function ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,medicine ,gender ,motor control ,cognitive control ,Treadmill ,lcsh:Science ,dual-task ,1000 Multidisciplinary ,Multidisciplinary ,musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology ,Motor control ,Biology (Whole Organism) ,Cognition ,Swing ,Gait ,10040 Clinic for Neurology ,central pattern generator ,030104 developmental biology ,Physical therapy ,10046 Balgrist University Hospital, Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Center ,lcsh:Q ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Stroop effect ,Research Article - Abstract
Human arm swing looks and feels highly automated, yet it is increasingly apparent that higher centres, including the cortex, are involved in many aspects of locomotor control. The addition of a cognitive task increases arm swing asymmetry during walking, but the characteristics and mechanism of this asymmetry are unclear. We hypothesized that this effect is lateralized and a Stroop word-colour naming task—primarily involving left hemisphere structures—would reduce right arm swing only. We recorded gait in 83 healthy subjects aged 18–80 walking normally on a treadmill and while performing a congruent and incongruent Stroop task. The primary measure of arm swing asymmetry—an index based on both three-dimensional wrist trajectories in which positive values indicate proportionally smaller movements on the right—increased significantly under dual-task conditions in those aged 40–59 and further still in the over-60s, driven by reduced right arm flexion. Right arm swing attenuation appears to be the norm in humans performing a locomotor-cognitive dual-task, confirming a prominent role of the brain in locomotor behaviour. Women under 60 are surprisingly resistant to this effect, revealing unexpected gender differences atop the hierarchical chain of locomotor control.
- Published
- 2017
381. Determination of the Selectivity of Printed Wearable Sweat Sensors
- Author
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Michael P. M. Jank, Alicia Zörner, Bjorn Schmitz, Nadine Lang, Lothar Frey, and Susanne Oertel
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SWEAT ,Chemistry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Wearable computer ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0210 nano-technology ,Selectivity ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences - Published
- 2017
382. Supplementary Figure 1 from Increasing cognitive load attenuates right arm swing in healthy human walking
- Author
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Killeen, Tim, Easthope, Christopher S., Filli, Linard, Lőrincz, Lilla, Schrafl-Altermatt, Miriam, Brugger, Peter, Linnebank, Michael, Curt, Armin, Zörner, Björn, and Bolliger, Marc
- Abstract
Effect of cognitive load on ASI for the entire cohort (n = 119), separated into three groups based on inclusion status. Only individuals exhibiting an ASI between -20 and 20 were included in the final analysis. Low baseline ASI; excluded group exhibiting a right-dominant ASI during normal walking of < -20 (n=8). High baseline ASI; excluded group exhibiting a left-dominant ASI during normal walking of > 20 (n=28). ASI is given as the mean value per gait cycle over a trial of 45 seconds (approximately 42 gait cycles at 4kmh-1). Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. ASI; arm swing symmetry index.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
383. Optimization of the mixing system in biodigesters with computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
- Author
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Wiedemann, Leonhard, Conti, Fosca, Janus, Tomasz, Sonnleitner, Matthias, Zörner, Wilfried, and Goldbrunner, Markus
- Subjects
fluid dynamics, mixing process, biogas substrate ,mixing process ,fluid dynamics ,biogas substrate - Published
- 2017
384. Investigation of fluid dynamic in a scale-down laboratory digester
- Author
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Wiedemann, Leonhard, Conti, Fosca, Janus, Tomasz, Sonnleitner, Matthias, Zörner, Wilfried, and Goldbrunner, Markus
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fluid dynamic ,mixing process ,biomass substrate ,fluid dynamic, biomass substrate, mixing process - Published
- 2017
385. Supplementary Table 1 from Increasing cognitive load attenuates right arm swing in healthy human walking
- Author
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Killeen, Tim, Easthope, Christopher S., Filli, Linard, Lőrincz, Lilla, Schrafl-Altermatt, Miriam, Brugger, Peter, Linnebank, Michael, Curt, Armin, Zörner, Björn, and Bolliger, Marc
- Subjects
body regions ,human activities - Abstract
Mean ± SEM of gait parameters under three walking conditions on a treadmill; normal walking (no additional cognitive load), walking while performing a congruent Stroop task and walking while performing an incongruent Stroop task. Step length is the distance in the progression axis from heel strike to ipsilateral heel strike. Step width is the distance in the lateral axis from heel strike to contralateral heel strike. Phase dispersion is calculated as the point in the time normalised gait cycle at which the coordinated event occurs during the cycle of the second limb expressed as a percentage of the latter, with maximal arm protraction taken as the index event for arm swing and toe-off taken as that for stepping. Foot clearance is reported as the distance in the vertical axis of the toe marker from the treadmill at the point of ipsilateral mid swing. * indicates significant change to baseline walking condition, † indicates significant change between incongruent and congruent Stroop task condition (linear mixed model, p=0.05). CoV; coefficient of variation.
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
386. Optimierung der Betriebsweise von Biogasanlagen in Netzen mit hohem Anteil fluktuierender Stromerzeuger
- Author
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M. Sonnleitner, K. Bär, and W. Zörner
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Computer science - Published
- 2017
387. Modulating Arm Swing Symmetry with Cognitive Load: A Window on Rhythmic Spinal Locomotor Networks in Humans?
- Author
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Killeen, Tim, Easthope, Christopher S, Filli, Linard, Linnebank, Michael, Curt, Armin, Bolliger, Marc, Zörner, Björn, University of Zurich, and Killeen, Tim
- Subjects
2728 Neurology (clinical) ,Clinical Neurology ,610 Medicine & health ,10046 Balgrist University Hospital, Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Center ,10040 Clinic for Neurology - Published
- 2017
388. Remote sensing study of microbial emissions of NOx from soils by space and ground-based instruments
- Author
-
Zörner, J.
- Published
- 2017
389. Supplementary Figure 3 from Increasing cognitive load attenuates right arm swing in healthy human walking
- Author
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Killeen, Tim, Easthope, Christopher S., Filli, Linard, Lőrincz, Lilla, Schrafl-Altermatt, Miriam, Brugger, Peter, Linnebank, Michael, Curt, Armin, Zörner, Björn, and Bolliger, Marc
- Abstract
Basic spatiotemporal parameters under increasing cognitive loads during treadmill walking in younger, middle-aged and older adults. Statistical significance was determined using a linear mixed model with post-hoc t-tests. P values are corrected for multiple comparisons within each age group using the Bonferroni method. Error bars indicate 1 standard error of the mean. CoV; coefficient of variation.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
390. Supplementary Figure 2 from Increasing cognitive load attenuates right arm swing in healthy human walking
- Author
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Killeen, Tim, Easthope, Christopher S., Filli, Linard, Lőrincz, Lilla, Schrafl-Altermatt, Miriam, Brugger, Peter, Linnebank, Michael, Curt, Armin, Zörner, Björn, and Bolliger, Marc
- Abstract
Changes in ASI in individuals under increasing cognitive load for the entire cohort (n = 119), including excluded groups. ASI is given as the mean value per gait cycle over a trial of 45 seconds (approximately 42 gait cycles at 4kmh-1). Individuals' ASI values in the three different trials are linked with a dotted line. Individuals with an ASI less than -20 or more than 20 during normal walking were excluded from the final analysis. The ASI of these individuals during the incongruent Stroop task are indicated by a + (ASI during normal walking > 20) or a - (ASI during normal walking < -20).
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
391. Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Polymeric Solar-Thermal Flat-Plate Collectors
- Author
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Vicky Albert-Seifried, Wilfried Zörner, Christoph Trinkl, Michael Klärner, Mathias Ehrenwirth, and Daniel Beckenbauer
- Subjects
Materials science ,Thermal ,Composite material - Published
- 2017
392. Remote sensing study of NOx emissions from soils using space- and ground-based DOAS instruments
- Author
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Zörner, Jan
- Subjects
500 Natural sciences and mathematics ,500 Naturwissenschaften - Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
393. Techno-Economical Optimization of Solar Energy Supply Concepts for Residential Buildings
- Author
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Michael Klärner, Thomas Hamacher, Thomas Duschner, Christoph Trinkl, and Wilfried Zörner
- Subjects
Architectural engineering ,business.industry ,Environmental science ,Solar energy ,business - Published
- 2017
394. Bridging the Gap: A Reticulo-Propriospinal Detour Bypassing an Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury
- Author
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Regula Schneider, Hansjörg Kasper, Oliver Weinmann, Anne K. Engmann, Timoleon Moraitis, Linard Filli, Miriam Gullo, Björn Zörner, Martin E. Schwab, University of Zurich, and Filli, L
- Subjects
GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ,Cell Count ,Motor Activity ,Biology ,Functional Laterality ,Lesion ,Neural Pathways ,Neuroplasticity ,medicine ,Animals ,Spinal cord injury ,Spinal Cord Injuries ,10194 Institute of Neuroinformatics ,Neurons ,Medulla Oblongata ,Neuronal Plasticity ,Gigantocellular reticular nucleus ,Reticular Formation ,General Neuroscience ,2800 General Neuroscience ,Recovery of Function ,Articles ,Anatomy ,Spinal cord ,medicine.disease ,Axons ,Rats ,Disease Models, Animal ,Anterograde tracing ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Spinal Cord ,Rats, Inbred Lew ,Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1 ,Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2 ,Excitatory postsynaptic potential ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,Female ,Brainstem ,medicine.symptom ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Anatomically incomplete spinal cord injuries are often followed by considerable functional recovery in patients and animal models, largely because of processes of neuronal plasticity. In contrast to the corticospinal system, where sprouting of fibers and rearrangements of circuits in response to lesions have been well studied, structural adaptations within descending brainstem pathways and intraspinal networks are poorly investigated, despite the recognized physiological significance of these systems across species. In the present study, spontaneous neuroanatomical plasticity of severed bulbospinal systems and propriospinal neurons was investigated following unilateral C4 spinal hemisection in adult rats. Injection of retrograde tracer into the ipsilesional segments C3-C4 revealed a specific increase in the projection from the ipsilesional gigantocellular reticular nucleus in response to the injury. Substantial regenerative fiber sprouting of reticulospinal axons above the injury site was demonstrated by anterograde tracing. Regrowing reticulospinal fibers exhibited excitatory, vGLUT2-positive varicosities, indicating their synaptic integration into spinal networks. Reticulospinal fibers formed close appositions onto descending, double-midline crossing C3-C4 propriospinal neurons, which crossed the lesion site in the intact half of the spinal cord and recrossed to the denervated cervical hemicord below the injury. These propriospinal projections around the lesion were significantly enhanced after injury. Our results suggest that severed reticulospinal fibers, which are part of the phylogenetically oldest motor command system, spontaneously arborize and form contacts onto a plastic propriospinal relay, thereby bypassing the lesion. These rearrangements were accompanied by substantial locomotor recovery, implying a potential physiological relevance of the detour in restoration of motor function after spinal injury.
- Published
- 2014
395. High-Impact, Self-Motivated Training Within an Enriched Environment With Single Animal Tracking Dose-Dependently Promotes Motor Skill Acquisition and Functional Recovery
- Author
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Frank Buschmann, Martin E. Schwab, Hansjörg Kasper, Miriam Gullo, Michelle L. Starkey, Christiane Bleul, Björn Zörner, Alice C. Mosberger, Stefan Giger, University of Zurich, and Starkey, Michelle L
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Central nervous system ,education ,610 Medicine & health ,Motor Activity ,Task (project management) ,Dreyfus model of skill acquisition ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,medicine ,Animals ,Rats, Long-Evans ,Spinal cord injury ,Spinal Cord Injuries ,Environmental enrichment ,Rehabilitation ,Behavior, Animal ,Training (meteorology) ,Recovery of Function ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Rats ,Disease Models, Animal ,2742 Rehabilitation ,2728 Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Motor Skills ,2808 Neurology ,Female ,10046 Balgrist University Hospital, Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Center ,Animal studies ,Psychology - Abstract
Functional recovery following central nervous system injuries is strongly influenced by rehabilitative training. In the clinical setting, the intensity of training and the level of motivation for a particular task are known to play important roles. With increasing neuroscience studies investigating the effects of training and rehabilitation, it is important to understand how the amount and type of training of individuals influences outcome. However, little is known about the influence of spontaneous “self-training” during daily life as it is often uncontrolled, not recorded, and mostly disregarded. Here, we investigated the effects of the intensity of self-training on motor skill acquisition in normal, intact rats and on the recovery of functional motor behavior following spinal cord injury in adult rats. We used a custom-designed small animal tracking system, “RatTrack,” to continuously record the activity of multiple rats, simultaneously in a complex Natural Habitat–enriched environment. Naïve, adult rats performed high-intensity, self-motivated motor training, which resulted in them out-performing rats that were conventionally housed and trained on skilled movement tasks, for example, skilled prehension (grasping) and ladder walking. Following spinal cord injury the amount of self-training was correlated with improved functional recovery. These data suggest that high-impact, self-motivated training leads to superior skill acquisition and functional recovery than conventional training paradigms. These findings have important implications for the design of animal studies investigating rehabilitation and for the planning of human rehabilitation programs.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
396. Climate Specific Design and Effectiveness of Solar DEC-systems: A Methodological Zoning Approach
- Author
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T. Bader, V.I. Hanby, Sebastian Brandmayr, Wilfried Zörner, and Christoph Trinkl
- Subjects
Solar DEC-air-conditioning ,climate driven design ,Energy(all) ,Computer science ,Order (business) ,Ecology ,Systems engineering ,Systems design ,methodological system design ,Zoning ,worldwide transferabiltiy ,system effectiveness - Abstract
The climate specific effectiveness of solar DEC-systems and relevant preferable adaptions of the system design have been so far predominantly analysed based on individual simulation for selected sites. In order to systematically deduce design-specific outline data for the application of the solar DEC-technology at climatically different sites a methodological zoning approach was further developed. A subsequent meteorological analysis for 17 sites mapping the world climate creates a transparent understanding on the activity of the specific system components. This results in a comprehension on the site-specific effectiveness of solar DEC-systems and provides insights on principally relevant and efficient system configurations.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
397. Development of an Evaluation Methodology for the Potential of Solar-thermal Energy Use in the Food Industry
- Author
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Sebastian Brandmayr, Wilfried Zörner, and Holger Müller
- Subjects
Solar-Thermal Potential ,Engineering ,Interconnection ,Food industry ,Waste management ,business.industry ,Process (engineering) ,Solar thermal energy ,Solar-Thermal Process Heat ,Waste heat recovery unit ,Heating system ,Energy(all) ,Food Industry ,business ,Process engineering ,Roof ,Efficient energy use - Abstract
The research project ‘Solar Heat in the Liquid Food Industry’ (part of the FORETA Research Network [1] ) focused on the development and optimisation of low-temperature heating systems for the liquid food industry. Its main objectives are in energy efficiency, waste heat recovery and the feasibility of a solar-thermal process heating system. Based on the particular simulation results the overall solar-thermal potentials for German breweries and dairies were determined. In this connection a literature review indicated that most of the potential studies on solar-thermal energy use in the industry or related to specific industrial sectors are based on the total use of low-temperature heat. In opposition to these results, the available and mainly limited roof area was found to be a more important aspect for the solar-thermal potential. Hence, the development of a methodology for a site- specific analysis was necessary. The interconnection of only a few defined evaluation criteria resulted in a more realistic estimation of the potential for a solar-thermal heat supply.
- Published
- 2014
398. Approaches for dispatchable biomass plants with particular focus on steam storage devices
- Author
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Richard Greenough, Matthias Stark, Matthias Sonnleitner, and Wilfried Zörner
- Subjects
high temperature storage ,Focus (computing) ,steam storage ,Waste management ,business.industry ,Solid biomass ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Power (physics) ,flexible power generation ,Electricity generation ,Operation mode ,Computer data storage ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Environmental science ,combined heat and power ,business ,Dispatchable generation ,Process engineering ,High temperature storage - Abstract
The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link. The increasing share of fluctuating energy generation causes new challenges in the power grids. The demand for flexible power plants is increasing. Solid biomass fueled combined heat and power (CHP) plants are able to get modified into dispatchable power plants. In this paper, boundaries for this operation mode are summarized and several measures to achieve a flexible power generation in biomass CHP plants are concluded. The integration of high temperature storage system for buffering the plants steam seems to be the most promising, however the least investigated option. The tasks and necessary features of such storage systems were investigated and a review of available technologies and systems for the storage of steam made.
- Published
- 2016
399. Tele-Physiotherapie: nachhaltig oder kurzlebiger Hype?
- Author
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J Roitner, E Pickl, S Haas, V Sadil, H Füreder, and O Zörner
- Subjects
Rehabilitation ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation - Published
- 2018
400. Mapping Physiognomic Types of Indigenous Forest using Space-Borne SAR, Optical Imagery and Air-borne LiDAR
- Author
-
John R. Dymond, D. Pairman, James D. Shepherd, Marmar Sabetizade, Susan K. Wiser, and Jan Zörner
- Subjects
Canopy ,Synthetic aperture radar ,LiDAR ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Science ,canopy metrics ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,forest types ,forest mapping ,Sentinel-2 ,SAR ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,The National Map ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Remote sensing ,Support vector machine ,Lidar ,Remote sensing (archaeology) ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Environmental science ,Satellite ,Level of detail - Abstract
Indigenous forests cover 24% of New Zealand and provide valuable ecosystem services. However, a national map of forest types, that is, physiognomic types, which would benefit conservation management, does not currently exist at an appropriate level of detail. While traditional forest classification approaches from remote sensing data are based on spectral information alone, the joint use of space-based optical imagery and structural information from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and canopy metrics from air-borne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) facilitates more detailed and accurate classifications of forest structure. We present a support vector machine (SVM) classification using data from the European Space Agency (ESA) Sentinel-1 and 2 missions, Advanced Land Orbiting Satellite (ALOS) PALSAR, and airborne LiDAR to produce a regional map of physiognomic types of indigenous forest. A five-fold cross-validation (repeated 100 times) of ground data showed that the highest classification accuracy of 80.5% is achieved for bands 2, 3, 4, 8, 11, and 12 from Sentinel-2, the ratio of bands VH (vertical transmit and horizontal receive) and VV (vertical transmit and vertical receive) from Sentinel-1, and mean canopy height and 97th percentile canopy height from LiDAR. The classification based on optical bands alone was 72.7% accurate and the addition of structural metrics from SAR and LiDAR increased accuracy by 7.4%. The classification accuracy is sufficient for many management applications for indigenous forest, including biodiversity management, carbon inventory, pest control, ungulate management, and disease management.
- Published
- 2019
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