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This article analyses Finnish maritime archaeology through a compiled bibliography of 621 scientific and popular works published between 1942–2020. General trends and turning points in the history of the discipline are identified and discussed vis-a-vis temporal and topical foci discerned in the publications. Special attention is drawn to the concentration in Finnish research on shipwrecks from the historical period, and the low international visibility of scientific production is problematised. While large-scale projects have been carried out in Finnish maritime archaeology, knowledge production within the authorised heritage discourse in particular has aimed to fulfil the needs of local and national rather than international audiences. Our compiled bibliography, which is hereby made available to the wider research community, has potential to become a valuable tool for identifying and developing future research areas.

The Arrowhead Trail was an early 20th century automobile highway, running 853 miles between Los Angeles and Salt Lake City via southern Nevada. While some of the road evolved into a modern highway, much of the original road was abandoned and parts even submerged underneath Lake Mead after construction of the Hoover Dam in the 1930s. This study examines the condition of two sections of the Arrowhead Trail in Nevada using Federal Trail Data Standards, which allows classification based on condition and location, and a zonal model of reservoirs developed by archaeologists that offers a guide to how immersion in a reservoir will affect artifacts. These were tested using a combination of archival data and fieldwork. The Federal Trail Data Standards provide a useful means for characterizing the condition of historic roads, while the reservoir-based approach offers insights into road survivability and may be of greater use in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this project was to scan and reverse engineer one of three bronze cannons (41MG86 - 11900-1) recovered from the La Belle excavation, which is currently on exhibit at the Bullock Texas State History Museum in Austin, Texas. A freeform computer aided design (CAD) model was generated based upon the topology of the three-dimensional (3-D) mesh in Geomagic Design X with a desired maximum deviation of 0.1 mm between the model and the mesh. Deviations were calculated in Geomagic Control X using the surface model as the reference data, and the mesh as the measured data. A custom patch network was subsequently designed using a series of iterative revisions until the whole of the surface model met with the specified tolerance. The 3-D surface model of the cannon will be replicated in a variety of media at variable scales for use in exhibits and for educational and promotional material for the Texas Historical Commission, the Republic of France, and their partner museums. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Secretary of the United States Navy recently issued instructions to revitalise the Navy Trade and Exchange Program, which had enabled the salvaging and collecting of sunken military aircraft in the past. Concerns regarding the program's ethics and its effect on archaeological resources led to a change in the United States Navy's policy on exchanges. Now that the program has been brought back, this paper examines its legal framework, highlights examples of shortcomings in the program's past iteration, and anticipates future outcomes in light of the program's revival. In addition to making explicit the realised and potential issues of this program, this paper encourages archaeologists to consider how recovery fits within overall site management strategies and to properly articulate to policymakers and the general public the case for in situ preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its abandonment in 1775, the mission Los Santos Ángeles de Guevavi has undergone severe erosion and loss, rendering the eighteenth-century adobe church and associated mission structures difficult for the visiting public to understand and appreciate. This research examines the use of repeat photography and virtual reconstruction of Guevavi Mission to visualise and quantify deterioration of the church while also improving visitor understanding of the site. Repeat photography processed through JuxtaposeJS provides an interactive mode of viewing changes over time, while 3D modelling creates a digital reconstruction of the complex during its occupation. Both methods taken together also provide a semi-quantitative means of documenting material loss of the Guevavi Mission church over time and monitoring loss and the efficacy of current and future preservation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Arqueologia Pública is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 2011, Bass earned the AIA's Bandelier Award for Public Service to Archaeology, and in the same year the AIA established the George F. Bass Lectureship. Known to many around the world as the founding father of scientific archaeological excavation under water, George F. Bass helped define the field of maritime archaeology as we know it today. Bass was deservedly proud, however, of the numerous methodological improvements that occurred during his excavation, at Yassiada, Turkey, of a seventh-century Byzantine shipwreck (1961-64) and a fifth-century Late Roman wreck (1967-69). After Uluburun, Bass spent the rest of his archaeological career directing or supervising the excavation of shipwrecks in Turkey, including the Byzantine wreck at Bozburun (1995-1998), the Classical Greek wreck at Tektas Burnu (1999-2001), and the Archaic Greek wreck at Pabuç Burnu (2002-2003). [Extracted from the article]

Graph On March 11 this year, we lost one of the prominent members of our underwater archaeology community: Dr. Prof. Thijs Jakob Maarleveld. The opportunity to teach maritime archaeology and to pass on what he was so passionate about finally arose in 2005 when Thijs was appointed as professor in the new postgraduate Maritime Archaeology Programme at the University of Southern Denmark in Esbjerg, Denmark. Thijs was a pioneer and became one of the figureheads of maritime archaeology and underwater cultural heritage (UCH) management in North-western Europe. [Extracted from the article]

Graph It is always difficult to write a tribute memorializing a researcher, both a colleague and a very close friend for several decades, who has passed away. Patrice Pomey unfortunately returned "the loaned boat" far too soon, but the wake of this "boat" is still present and will continue to guide the scientific naval archaeology community. A recent article written in collaboration with Giulia Boetto examines the various Mediterranean traditions of sewn boats over the long term by highlighting the links to specific cultural and technological areas (P. Pomey & G. Boetto (2019) Ancient Mediterranean Sewn-Boat Traditions. [Extracted from the article]

This article analyses the exploitation of luxury products such as pearls and mother of pearl, a seldom-examined facet of maritime archaeology. This issue will be approached from an archaeology of production perspective, taking into account the whole chaîne opératoire, including harvesting the resource, marketing it, and mounting it in different supports. We shall also examine the meaning of these resources and some extravagant practices for which they were used during antiquity. We shall pay special attention to the artisans, as well as the production methods used to process these resources and assemble them. The study will focus on the Roman period, and Hispania will be used as case study. The Iberian Peninsula is surrounded by plentiful seas, but this specific issue had been paid no specific attention to date. An unpublished catalogue of jewels decorated with pearls and other ornaments is presented, which confirms the importance of these resources in ancient Roman markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It has become widely acknowledged that certain underwater cultural relics, in a state of severe decay, should be salvaged for further protection. Underwater temporary reinforcement materials provide the possibility for such protection. These materials can achieve both the reinforcement of cultural relics underwater, as well as their reversible removal after extraction, without causing damage to the cultural relics in either process. In this context, two kinds of hydrogels based on polyethylene glycol-derived polymers were developed in this study. They are denser than water and can undergo gelatinization by UV-induced or oxidant-induced reactions in the underwater environment. Additionally, they possess enough mechanical strength to provide the necessary support in the bonding process. Both hydrogels have been successfully used to extract fragile underwater archaeological wooden artifacts in situ under laboratory conditions. The experimental results revealed that, in the case of UV-induced hydrogels, the compression strength was 115 kPa with a tensile strength of 20 kPa. For oxidant-induced hydrogels, the compression strength was 382 kPa, while the tensile strength was 8.2 kPa. During the actual extraction processes, the UV-induced hydrogel exhibited a lower water absorption ratio, maintained a more stable mechanical property underwater, and was easier to remove after extraction. On the other hand, the oxidant-induced hydrogel could complete the gelation process quickly through a rather convenient operation; however, it tended to absorb surrounding water and swell, thereby reducing its mechanical property. These two methods would be adapted to different underwater archaeological sites as convenient, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective novel methods for extracting fragile underwater wooden relics. Two kinds of environmental stimulant-responsive hydrogels successfully solidified and extracted fragile archaeological wood underwater. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Applying geoarchaeological principles to marine archaeology: A reappraisal of the 'first marine' and 'in situ' lithic scatters in the Dampier Archipelago, NW Australia" has been retracted. The retraction was made after it was discovered that the necessary university approvals were not obtained prior to conducting the research. The retraction was agreed upon by the authors, the journal Editors-in-Chief, and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [Extracted from the article]

In the words of the editors, the only thing linking the essays is that "they are all in some way about the sea" (p. 9) and, one might add, in some way about Sweden, except for one chapter. The editors present the anthology as "a CEMAS smorgasbord of sea-related topics" (p. 9). Book Review: Facing the Sea: Essays in Swedish Maritime Studies by Simon Ekström & Leos Müller. [Extracted from the article]

This study presents two lead pieces as components of two ancient wooden anchors which were randomly discovered in the Black Sea and nowadays decorate the terrace of a fishing complex situated on the southern sea-coast of Constanta. The research scientifically highlights the elements of the wooden anchors and includes a description of their technical and physical characteristics, conservation state, dating, and various hypotheses regarding their recovery and place of discovery. The analysis of the artefacts proved that one of the investigated elements represents the largest and best-preserved ancient lead crosspiece, out of all similar pieces discovered on the Romanian territory.

The shell mounds on Brazil's northeast coast have received little scholarly attention, compared to the southern coastline and lower Amazon, due to their lower density and visibility. This article summarizes existing research on shell middens in northeast Brazil and presents recent findings from the Saco da Pedra coastal shell midden site. The breaching of an offshore sand bar resulted in inundation of more than half the area of the midden and fortuitously exposed the remnants of a shell workshop. This is the first recognized shell workshop associated with a shell midden in Brazilian territory. A better understanding of coastal dynamics and their impact on the destruction or visibility of shell middens opens up the possibility of new explanations for differences in coastal site distributions in space and time. Moreover, the site's technologically simple ceramic ware relates Saco da Pedra to Macro-Jê populations, ancient Amazonian shell mounds, and Tupinambá peoples at the nearby site Cunhambebe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the second half of the Ist century BC seismogenic landslide/rockfall tore off the front part of the Chirakman Cape in the western part of the Kavarna Bay. The rich quarters of the Roman city of Bisone slid down into the sea. According to data from underwater archaeology artifacts and walls of the settlement are found up to 80 m inside the sea. The paper considers the tectonic conditions, the geological-geomorphological structure of the landslide, the paleogeography of the coastal shelf during the Holocene and the hydrogeological and engineering geological conditions in the area. A reconstruction of the coastline and sea-level position during the catastrophic landslide has been developed. Stability analyses have been performed too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on shallow geophysical data, Klanica et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JF005663) argued that the deepest undewater cave in the world, the Hranice Abyss (HA) had formed by epigenic karstification related to mid‐Miocene opening of ∼1 km deep Carpathian Foredeep (CF) and, hence, could be ∼1 km deep. However, the CF subsided and the abyss was uplifted due to post mid‐Miocene faulting with at least 460 m vertical offset, which makes the depth estimate of Klanica et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JF005663) invalid. It remains unclear under which geological circumstances the HA, if formed by epigenic karstification, could be backfilled with water column reaching ∼400 m of height. Key Points: Geophysical data of Klanica et al. (2020) did not provide sufficient evidence for epigenic origin for the Hranice AbyssNegligence of younger faulting in the Carpathian Foredeep makes their assumption about 1 km depth of the abyss invalid [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been known that a large, clinker-built shipwreck lies on the seabed near the Hotel Bellevue in Dalarö in the Stockholm archipelago since the 1960s. The wreck has been the subject of several small-scale archaeological investigations. This article reports the results of recent marine archaeological fieldwork that concluded that the Bellevue wreck is the remains of a late medieval ship equipped with a forecastle. Moreover, the analysis shows that it was a larger vessel for its day. The article argues that the wreck resembles what may be referred to as a hulk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graph photo: Randal Ford George Bass, one of the pioneers of modern maritime archaeology, passed away in College Station, Texas in March, 2021 at the age of 88. Many of the chapters in INA monographs began as student papers and theses, and Bass raised the funding to create a publication series for student work. Bass concentrated instead on publishing the earlier excavations (a final report on the 7th-century wreck at Yassiada had already come out in 1982), and on development work to put INA on a sound footing for the future. During the American bicentennial, Bass directed an excavation on one of the British shipwrecks at Yorktown and Steffy managed a season of excavation on an American privateer, the I Defence i . [Extracted from the article]

On October 2016, during a geophysical survey in the Naples harbour aimed at evaluating its geo-archaeological potential, a wooden-hulled shipwreck was found along with a large amount of wreckage material. Cartographic evidence and preliminary underwater survey of the shipwreck have led its identification as the corvette Flora, which was deliberately burned 8 January 1799, along with five other ships and about 100 minor vessels of the Bourbon fleet before the French army arrived in Naples. This represents the first find and in situ underwater observation of an 18th-century sailing vessel in the bay of Naples. Our research contributes to knowledge of the events that led to the destruction of the fleet in 1799 and provides new, still preliminary, insights into the construction details of Bourbon vessels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The karstic Aucilla River of Northwest Florida is renowned for its well‐preserved late Pleistocene cultural material and Rancholabrean fauna. Much of this material was recovered by avocational SCUBA divers from displaced contexts in mid‐channel sinkholes, but underwater excavations into sediment banks on sink margins have demonstrated that faunal material and early artifacts can be recovered in situ from inundated terrestrial strata that contain dateable organics and microfossils useful for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Underwater environmental data document the transition of Aucilla River localities from isolated spring‐fed ponds into an inter‐connected fluvial system due to rising sea levels and climate amelioration with several major periods of sinkhole infilling during the late Quaternary. Late Pleistocene components on land are largely absent or are undateable; these components, located in a subtropical cypress swamp in shallow clay‐rich soils, tend to be less well‐preserved, but still contain a rich record of human use on the landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 'Ark Re-Imagined' is an art project that envisions a Mesopotamian ark based on Iraq's ancient boat types and vernacular architectural forms. Through exploring and documenting what remains of traditional boatbuilding techniques and related crafts in today's Iraq, the project breaks new ground in the study of Mesopotamian maritime heritage. Engaging at the intersection between art, cultural heritage, ecology and development, the project's 'expeditionary art' approach seeks tangible means to reconnect with the land and rivers through a palette of making techniques and aesthetic forms that have persisted in the region for many millennia. It holds global relevance through its imaginal engagement with the present situation of systemic crisis and potential transformation, drawing parallels between the current climate emergency and that of the Great Flood, and asking what kinds of knowledge, resources and practices an ark for our times needs to preserve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]