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The axial bearing does not contain a laminated piece; so its dynamic performance is poor and often does not meet the load requirements. To accurately assess axial bearing performances during the design stage, it is necessary to accurately calculate the dynamic characteristics of the bearing, including amplitude, phase, and other parameters. Traditional studies have generally used the magnetic circuit method (MCM) or the finite element method (FEM) to analyze the dynamic performance of bearings, and few experimental measurements are carried out. Some experiments use a Guess meter to measure the magnetic field at local locations without directly measuring the electromagnetic force. In this paper, the dynamic force of axial bearing is measured by experiments, and the finite element calculation with Ansys Maxwell is carried out to study the influence of the gap, resonance, and other factors on the electromagnetic force. The comparison reveals a significant error in the calculation method using the initial gap because the gap between the stator and rotor changes with the dynamic force in the experiment. In this paper, the calculation method of "analyzing the dynamic performance of the bearing with the actual gap after the DC component is energized as the calculation gap" is proposed, which significantly reduces the calculation error and can ensure that the calculation error of amplitude and phase within 100 Hz is less than 5%. The method is of great significance for the engineering application of axial electromagnetic bearings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of the study of field effects in non-irradiated and irradiated by electrons (E = 2 MeV, F = 8.2⋅1016 cm-2) gallium phosphide (GaP) light emitting diodes (LEDs) under reverse bias. The avalanche multiplication of charge carriers and tunneling breakdown in the space charge region has been considered. An increase of breakdown voltage after electron irradiation has been revealed. The effects of the annealing of non-irradiated and irradiated diodes in the temperature range of 20 to 500 °C have been analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous experimental works concerning the comparative analysis of heat transfer processes in hydrogen and gasoline engines have confirmed the noticeable increase in heat loss in the case of applying hydrogen. Without denying the influence of higher values of the flame propagation velocity and the hydrogen combustion temperature contributing to intensification of the convective heat transfer in the combustion chamber, the present article shows that, when using hydrogen as a fuel, the main problem consists in penetration of the flame into the gap between the heat belt of the piston and the sleeve. We analyze this phenomenon using the flame extinguishing theory by Ya.B. Zeldovich. On the base of the unsteady heat flux measurements in the gap, as well as of 3D simulation of both the thermophysical processes in the combustion chamber and the thermal state of the piston of the experimental gasoline engine converted to hydrogen, we explain the phenomenon of relative increase in heat losses in the hydrogen engine, its existence previously having been shown experimentally without theoretical justification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pandemic and rapid technological changes in the era of Industry 4.0 have unleashed new job opportunities making some obsolete. Young professionals are not skilled enough to take up these jobs resulting in increasing unemployment. A lot is being written about the skills requirements in various industries. However, none of the study talks about the recent skills mentioned in the new job profiles created for entry-level positions by companies of various industries. This study examines (through text mining) job profiles of several companies operating in different industries to identify the skills that are most sought after in these sectors. This will help young professionals to know and acquire necessary skills required to work in industry of their choice. Educational Institutions can revamp their curriculum or design new courses/programs keeping in view the industry requirements, thus, filling in the skill gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Societal Impact Statement Using Taro (Colocasia esculenta) as a case study, we examine how perception gaps contribute to negative feedback loops that create or maintain the orphan status of certain crops. For students and researchers seeking uncrowded areas for study, orphan crops and crop‐wild‐relatives offer large open spaces, figuratively and literally. Learning how to see what has not been seen may in turn help us to reduce our global dependence on very few crops, and the risks that follow from this. The combination of climate change and variability and increasing population has painted a dark picture of future food security for many regions in the world where resources are scarce. The key to future food and nutrition security may very well lie in unlocking the untapped potential of orphan and overlooked crops. Summary The present distribution of taro (Colocasia esculenta), as a cultivated food plant, extends from southern to northern Africa, western Asia to eastern Asia, throughout Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands, and through the Americas, from the USA to Brazil. Despite its vast geographical range, high nutritional value, and considerable trade as a fresh and processed crop, there has been relatively little interest in taro and its wild relatives among research funding agencies, and little effective or large‐scale assessment of production, trade and usage. Given the proven ability of this crop to grow under diverse climatic regimes, from the equatorial tropics to northern and southern temperate zones it may be useful to consider perception gaps that contribute to disregard of the crop. Here we suggest and discuss a range of perception gaps that together may explain the status of taro as an orphan crop. Perception gaps exist because of many factors: dogma, linguistic diversity, social biases, under‐research, limited physical visibility of living wild populations, poor archaeological visibility, missing production numbers and inaccurate distribution maps. These contributing factors are shared, to lesser or greater extent, by many other orphan crops, but the disjunction between actual utilization (significant) and research effort (minimal) may be greater for taro than for most other “orphans”.

Abstract Growth of high-quality III–V nanowires at a low cost for optoelectronic and electronic applications is a long-term pursuit of research. Still, controlled synthesis of III–V nanowires using chemical vapor deposition method is challenge and lack theory guidance. Here, we show the growth of InP and GaP nanowires in a large area with a high density using a vacuum chemical vapor deposition method. It is revealed that high growth temperature is required to avoid oxide formation and increase the crystal purity of InP nanowires. Introduction of a small amount of Ga into the reactor leads to the formation of GaP nanowires instead of ternary InGaP nanowires. Thermodynamic calculation within the calculation of phase diagrams (CALPHAD) approach is applied to explain this novel growth phenomenon. Composition and driving force calculations of the solidification process demonstrate that only 1 at.% of Ga in the catalyst is enough to tune the nanowire formation from InP to GaP, since GaP nucleation shows a much larger driving force. The combined thermodynamic studies together with III–V nanowire growth studies provide an excellent example to guide the nanowire growth.

This research proposed microstrip antenna design using the Defected Ground Structure (DGS) and horizontal patch gap (HPG) for bandwidth and enhancement purposes. This design is to reduce the weakness of a microstrip antenna, which has small gain and narrow bandwidth. The design was simulated in CST Microwave Studio with a working frequency of 2.4 GHz. The design consists of three stages model, i.e., conventional design, DGS modification, and the combination DGS using a Horizontal Patch Gap (DGSHPG). The radius of the conventional circular patch is 16.7 mm. The substrate has 4.6 of dielectric constant, 1.6 of substrate height, and 0.025 of the loss tangent. The simulation results show that the DGS design produces more bandwidth and gain than a conventional design, where the bandwidth and gain improvement are 421.2 MHz and 1.73 dB, respectively. The DGS model is combined with a gap that separates the circular patch (DGSHPG) to achieve the optimum design. The results show the bandwidth and gain improvement of more than 50% and 18.1% compared to the DGS design, respectively. Other parameter performance also shows improvement, such as a reflection factor with -53.3 dB at the center frequency. The physical change also influences the patch’s radius, where it is reduced around 1.4 mm or 8.4% from the original design. Overall, the proposed design has succeeded in achieving bandwidth and gain enhancement and reducing the patch dimension.

Abstract Background Restoration of joint congruity is an important factor for the prevention of subsequent arthritis in patients with Bennett’s fracture. Surgical treatment of Bennett’s fracture is thus generally recommended for displaced intra-articular fractures to the proximal aspect of the thumb metacarpal. Fluoroscopic examination is used to evaluate the adequacy of closed reduction after pinning of Bennett’s fracture. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of fluoroscopy to determine the reduction of Bennett’s fractures. Methods A model was created, to mimic a Bennett’s fracture utilizing ten fresh-frozen cadaveric hands. An oblique cut was made in the proximal aspect of the thumb metacarpal using an oscillating saw. The small oblique fragment involved 1/4–1/3 of the joint surface was then shifted in position creating a step-off or gap at the fracture site. An anatomical reduction model, gap models (1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm), and step-off models (1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm) were created using percutaneous fixation with two 1.0 mm Kirschner wires for each cadaveric hand. Fluoroscopic assessment then took place and was reviewed by 2 attending hand surgeons blinded to the actual position. Their estimated fluoroscopic position was then compared to the actual displacement. Results The step-off and gap on fluoroscopic examination showed a significant difference compared to the step-off and gap from direct visualization. The frequency of underestimation for the 3 mm displacement models from the fluoroscopic examination was 60%. The frequency for overestimated was 9% for the models in which displacement was within 2 mm (0, 1, 2 mm). Conclusions The assessment of articular gap and step-off using PA (postero-anterior), AP (antero-posterior), and lateral view of fluoroscopic examination is not accurate as compared to the examination by direct visualization. Surgeons need to be aware that PA, AP and lateral view of fluoroscopic examination alone may not be sufficient to judge the final position of a reduced Bennett’s fracture. Other methods such as live fluoroscopy in multiple different planes, 3-dimensional fluoroscopy or arthroscopic examination should be considered.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the main cellular reservoir of Ca 2+ , able to accumulate high amounts of calcium close to the millimolar range and to release it upon cell activation. Monitoring of Ca 2+ dynamics within the ER lumen is best achieved using genetically encoded and targeted reporters. Luminescent probes based on the photoprotein aequorin have provided significant insight to measure subcellular Ca 2+ . Here we describe a robust and quantitative method based on the Ca 2+ indicator of the GFP-Aequorin Protein (GAP) family, targeted to the ER lumen. A low Ca 2+ affinity version of GAP, GAP1, carrying mutations in two EF-hands of aequorin, reconstituted with coelenterazine n has a reduced affinity for Ca 2+ such that it conforms with the [Ca 2+ ] values found in the ER and it slows the consumption of the probe by Ca 2+ . This feature is advantageous because it avoids fast aequorin consumption allowing long-term (longer than 1 h) ER Ca 2+ measurements. GAP1 targeted to the ER allows monitoring of resting [Ca 2+ ] ER and Ca 2+ dynamics in intact cells stimulated with IP 3 -produced agonists. In addition, GAP1 can record Ca 2+ mobilization in permeabilized cells challenged with IP 3 . We also provide a detailed calibration procedure which allows to accurately convert the luminescence signal into [Ca 2+ ] ER ., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background Context: Evaluating the gaps within the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) lesions, which may contribute to neurological symptoms, using conventional imaging techniques is challenging., Objective: This study aimed to investigate the importance of evaluating gaps using 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) and their association with the occurrence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 high intensity in the spinal cord., Study Design/setting: Retrospective cohort study., Patient Sample: Retrospective analysis of 116 patients diagnosed with cervical OPLL., Outcome Measures: Presence of gaps in OPLL, presence of T2 high intensity in the cervical spinal cord, and OPLL thickness were evaluated., Methods: Lateral X-ray, CT, and reconstructed 3D-CT images were reviewed to assess lesion characteristics and the presence of gaps. MRI was used to evaluate the change in spinal cord signal intensity. The relationship among gap presence, lesion morphology, and MRI T2 high intensity in the spinal cord was examined., Results: A significant difference in gap detection accuracy was observed between CT and 3D-CT (p=.0054). CT demonstrated false-positive results in the detection of gaps as compared with 3D-CT. The presence of gaps was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of MRI T2 high intensity in the spinal cord (p=.037). Patients with thicker lesions and smaller space available for the spinal cord (SAC) were more likely to exhibit T2 high intensity. Meanwhile, patients with gaps cooccurring with T2 high intensity exhibited significantly thinner lesions (p=.011) and larger SACs (p=.0002). Patients with gaps had a significantly lower JOA scores (p=.0035), which indicates that patient with gaps are likely to exhibit more severe clinical neurological symptoms., Conclusions: 3D-CT showed superiority in accurately identifying gaps within OPLL lesions, while CT demonstrated false-positive results in the detection of gaps. Furthermore, the gap presence was a risk factor for MRI T2 high intensity in the spinal cord, independent of lesion thickness. In addition, gaps are related to more severe clinical symptoms. This study highlighted the importance of evaluating gaps within OPLL lesions using 3D-CT to clarify neurological pathogenesis., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) is currently in a state of severe deforestation and forest degradation, such that it was selected a beneficiary for Forest and Landscape Restoration (FLR) programs run by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). This study investigates the status and gaps in the implementation of FLR actions and analyzes the key challenges to FLR implementation. To accomplish this, I visited ministries relevant to forest and landscape restoration, selected and interviewed officials and professionals, and based our research on 10 years of experiences working in DPRK. Further, I proposed a roadmap for FLR implementation. Our results indicate that there is a need for a profound shift in attitudes towards the role of local people, recognizing that local people can be the main actors and partners in forest and landscape management. The reformation of the forestry sector and policies is needed to support the transformation of local livelihoods into a forest-friendly paradigm to exit the vicious cycle of “poverty and hunger–deforestation–environmental degradation–poverty and hunger.” Future FLR policies need to focus on the decentralization of forest management, clarification of forest tenure, and improvement of multi-sectoral cooperation and multi-level collaboration. The role of traditional knowledge and customary regulations should be highlighted, and forest management needs to be integrated into socio-economic development planning and programs.

The achievement gap between rich and poor students in the United States is large and growing. On average, children from low-income families have lower test scores, lower rates of high school and college completion, and eventually lower earnings than their peers from higher-income families. Addressing this is key to breaking the cycle of poverty an inequality across generations.One contributing factor is differences in resources between schools attended by high- and low-income students. In our recent paper, “School Finance Reform and the Distribution of Student Achievement,” we show that school resources play a major role in student achievement, and that finance reforms can effect major improvements in student achievement in low-income school district. Accordingly, states that have implemented reforms have seen steady declines in the test score gap between high- and low-income school districts, over a period when states that did not implement reforms saw rising gaps.

Background: Although pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) gaps contribute to recurrence after atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation, the mechanism is unclear. We used realistic computational human AF modeling to explore the AF wave-dynamic changes of PVI with gaps (PVI-gaps). Methods: We included 40 patients (80% male, 61.0 ± 9.8 years old, 92.5% persistent AF) who underwent AF catheter ablation to develop our realistic computational AF model. We compared the effects of a complete PVI (CPVI) and PVI-gap (2-mm × 4) on the AF wave-dynamics by evaluating the dominant frequency (DF), spatial change of DF, maximal slope of the action potential duration restitution curve (Smax), and AF defragmentation rate (termination or change to atrial tachycardia), and tested the effects of additional virtual interventions and flecainide on ongoing AF with PVI-gaps. Results: Compared with the baseline AF, CPVIs significantly reduced extra-PV DFs (p < 0.001), but PVI-gaps did not. COV-DFs were greater after CPVIs than PVI-gaps (p < 0.001). Neither CPVIs nor PVI-gaps changed the mean Smax. CPVIs resulted in higher AF defragmentation rates (80%) than PVI-gaps (12.5%, p < 0.001). In ongoing AF after PVI-gaps, the AF defragmentation rates after a wave-breaking gap ablation, extra-PV DF ablation, or flecainide were 60.0, 34.3, and 25.7%, respectively (p = 0.010). Conclusion: CPVIs effectively reduced the DF, increased its spatial heterogeneity in extra-PV areas, and offered better anti-AF effects than extra-PV DF ablation or additional flecainide in PVI-gap conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is widely acknowledged that Mark's abrupt ending (16.8) is best understood as a deliberate narrative device. Despite this 'new consensus', a number of scholars continue to assert that this approach is not only problematic but also depends on a postmodern perspective that overemphasizes the reader/audience. This article argues that Mark's ending has been crafted in order to invoke a predictive inference that encourages the interpreter to imagine events beyond the concluding scene of the narrative. In dialogue with the cognitive sciences, it is argued that the inferential processes that govern this activity have been shaped by evolutionary developments. Although the new consensus has often been articulated in conversation with modern literary theory, there is an underlying, cognitive basis for the approach that has seldom been appreciated by NT scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal oxide varistors (MOV) is often used to limit the overvoltage generated by the current breaking of dc breaker to protect power electronic device from breakdown. However, while suppressing overvoltage, the MOV also causes the degradation of continuous operating voltage capability. This letter proposes a novel solid-state switch scheme with high voltage utilization efficiency by using modular gapped-MOV (MG-MOV) for dc breakers. The breakable gap is first applied to the protection of power electronic devices. By using the gap to share the voltage in the static-state and be broken down in the dynamic state, the overvoltage and continuous operating voltage of the solid-state switch can be decoupled. Moreover, based on the modular scheme, the instability of the gap discharges and the voltage imbalance of the series devices can be solved well. The working mechanism, voltage-balance and stability issue of the MG-MOV are discussed in detail in this letter, and a 15-kA prototype is developed to verify the feasibility of the novel solid-state switch scheme. The experiment under results show that voltage utilization efficiency can be increased from 44.4% to 72.0% by using MG-MOV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the cognitive problem of substantiality and virtuality of street interface, this paper presents a virtual components of street interface-"gap". It proposes five basic configurations of "gap" and the concept of street interface rhythm. With the space perception theory and psychophysics, it tries to use the description method of waveform and establishes parameters such as "frequency, amplitude, stability" etc. It also conducts the quantitative expression of the differences in street interface rhythm from the perspective of cognition. This quantitative method can effectively represent the main characteristics of the interface rhythm of different street spaces. It has important research and application value to grasp the interface characters and cog nition of walking activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evolutionary models are widely used to estimate the evolutionary relationship between the various biological taxa. Majority of the existing evolutionary models ignore insertion and deletion (indel) event, which reduces the computational difficulties, but at the same time, it causes loss of valuable phylogenetic information. In this study, we have developed a modified Kimura 2 parameters (K2P) model to utilise the indel information in phylogenetic tree construction especially in case of low substitution rate sequences Indel rich highly similar DNA sequences (trnL-trnF intergenic spacer region) of Phalaenopsis were collected from Genbank and to test the efficiency of the model in phylogenetic. Our developed Indel-K2P model and K2P model were implemented in MATLAB and calculated the bootstrap value and Robinson-Foulds (RF) distance to test the confidence and accuracy of phylogenetic tree topology. The phylogenetic trees constructed within the framework of Indel-K2P model, exhibited 92.66% accuracy and 40.9% root node confidence while the K2P model without indel shows less accuracy and less root node confidence. Our results indicate that modified Kimura 2 parameters with indel (Indel-K2P) model performed better than Kimura 2 Parameters (K2P) in phylogenetic tree construction for indel rich DNA sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we define the notion of commutativity degree of crossed modules and find some bounds on commutativity degree for special types of crossed modules. Also, we give a function for finding commutativity degree of crossed modules in GAP and classify crossed modules by using this function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A numerical semigroup is said to be perfect if it does not contain any isolated gaps. In this paper, we will look at some basic properties of isolated gaps in numerical semigroups. In particular, we will see how they are related to elements of the Apéry set. We will use these properties to find all of the isolated gaps in a numerical semigroup of embedding dimension two and demonstrate a simple method of generating some examples of perfect numerical semigroups of embedding dimension three. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hexanucleotide repeat (GGGGCC) expansion in C9orf72 is accounted for a large proportion of the genetic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The hypotheses of how the massive G4C2 repeats in C9orf72 destroy the neurons and lead to ALS/FTD are raised and improving. As a multirole player, C9orf72 exerts critical roles in many cellular processes, including autophagy, membrane trafficking, immune response, and so on. Notably, the partners of C9orf72, through which C9orf72 participates in the cell activities, have been identified. Notably, the structures of the C9orf72-SMCR8-WDR41 complex shed light on its activity as GTPase activating proteins (GAP). In this manuscript, we reviewed the latest research progress in the C9orf72-mediated ALS/FTD, the physiological functions of C9orf72, and the putative function models of C9orf72/C9orf72-containing complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Women are underrepresented at scientific conferences, decreasing the visibility of female role models, which are vital for aspiring young female scientists. This investigation aimed to evaluate female representation at the German Society of Urology's (GSoU) annual meeting. Methods: The programs of the GSoU meeting of 2011, 2018, 2019 and the virtual conference in 2020 were retrospectively quantified by gender and categorized by chair or speaker, type, and topic of the session. Descriptive analysis was applied. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify gender inequity and variables influencing gender distribution. A p value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 2.504 chairs and speakers were invited to the GSoU meeting in 2018 and 2019. Female speakers or chairs were represented in 17.8%, indicating a gender gap of 64.7%. There were significant differences between session type, topic, and gender distribution for chairs and speakers. The topic surgical techniques were independent variables for both, underrepresented female chairs and speakers, respectively (p < 0.001). Vocational policy and plenary session were not represented by any female chair in 2011, 2018, and 2019. In comparison, the gender gap in 2011 was 74.2%, indicating a gap reduction of 1.2% per year. In a selected virtual program in 2020, the gender gap increased to 70.4%. Conclusion: There is still a significant discrepancy between gender representation at the GSoU annual meetings, and gender equity is currently not expected before 50 years. Future efforts should address the implementation of established guidelines for achieving gender equity at urological conferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the thermoelectric properties of five different polymorphs of gallium phosphide (GaP) such zinc-blende (zb -GaP), wurtzite (wz- GaP), sphalerite (sp- GaP), Beryllium oxide (β-BeO -GaP), and Silicon carbide (SiC- GaP) have been reported in detail. In this regard, the prerequisite electronic structure calculations have been performed in the framework of density functional theory (DFT), whereas the results for thermoelectric properties have been obtained via Boltzmann transport theory (BTT). We found that these GaP polymorphs exhibit relatively higher electrical conductivity corresponding to holes as a result larger power factors (PFs) have been realized for n- type doping than p- type. The highest values of PF corresponding to n- type doping have been recorded as 27.492 × 1010 W/mK2s, 27.999 × 1010 W/mK2s, 29.491 × 1010 W/mK2s, 15.706 × 1010 W/mK2s, and 26.557 × 1010 W/mK2s respectively, for zb -GaP, wz- GaP, sp- GaP, β-BeO - GaP, and SiC- GaP. Moreover, their PF has been further enhanced by the increase in temperature. In contrast, the Seebeck coefficients (thermopowers) have been found relatively larger for p- type doping than n- type. The relatively large thermopowers and lower thermal conductivity for p- type doping have resulted in the enhancement of Figure-of-merit (zT) by holes rather than electrons. The highest zT values have been recorded as 0.997, 1.004, 0.998, 1.001, and 1.010 in the case of zb -GaP, wz- GaP, sp- GaP, β-BeO -GaP, and SiC- GaP respectively. Our study indicates the adequate potential of these different polymorphs of GaP for thermoelectric applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Using the Stochastic Frontier Analysis on data for 33 sub-Saharan African countries over the period 2007 to 2018, we determine the drivers of the inefficiencies in financial stability and also estimate the existing financial stability gaps. The results confirm that credit to the private sector and the level of unemployment are significant drivers of financial stability in SSA, while employment, domestic savings, and regulatory quality significantly decrease the inefficiencies in financial stability. Further, it is revealed that government domestic debt arrears promote financial stability inefficiencies in SSA. Countries within the East Africa Community Countries (EAC) have the highest mean efficiency and the least financial stability gap for the period studied. It is therefore recommended that government borrowing from the domestic economy should be towards projects that have undergone proper appraisal as a means to reduce arrears accumulation. Employment is recommended to improve income while encouraging domestic savings as a conscious effort to enable the financial sector to perform its intended essential role in the economy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studies in Contrastive Grammar / Studii de Gramatica Contrastiva is the property of Universitatea din Pitesti and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sociology & Technoscience / Sociología y Tecnociencia is the property of Universidad de Valladolid, Escuela Universitaria de Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The maximum efficiency of dynamic vibration dampers (DD) is achieved at optimal values of their parameters. Inertial DD are tuned according to their own frequency and damping, and the optimal values of the absorber parameters depend on the spectral composition of the suppressed oscillations. For nonlinear DD, the optimal values of parameters (for example, gap or precompression) also depend on the intensity of external influences on the object. For multi-element DDs, the number of damper inertial elements should also be optimized. The conditions for optimal tuning of the inertial DD are the conditions of antiresonance. In this work, the tuning of an impact DD with viscous friction has been studied. To determine the optimal value of the gap between the mass of the absorber and its body, a nonlinear problem was solved by the method of point transformations. The influence of deviations from the optimal setting of the shock DD on the amplitude of oscillations is determined. It has been established that small deviations from the optimum cause significant increments in the oscillation range (by 2...5 times), which leads to the need to tune the shock DD with high accuracy. The sensitivity of the vibration damper to the optimization error of its parameters is estimated in the work. In addition, the tuning features of multi-element DDs built into the boring bar for eight types of absorbers were studied with varying their design features. When studying the frequency characteristics, the ratio of the maximum values A0 max/AD max was taken as a measure of efficiency, where A0 max is the oscillation amplitude in the system without a damper. The influence of the diametral clearance and the axial compression force on the efficiency of various types of DDs has been established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The battles of memory that take place in Central America in order to establish the truth about past armed conflicts are also “a war of figures”, as stated by the historian Arturo Taracena, who was part of the team of researchers of the Commission for Historical Clarification (CEH) in Guatemala. Indeed, the number of victims can only be established based on estimates and projections due to the implementation of forced disappearance of people and collective massacres which were strategies of the State terrorism practiced in the region.Unlike Argentina and Chile who, at different times during their transition, promoted state-funded memory policies aimed at searching for and identifying the disappeared, the exhumation process in Central American countries directly affected by armed conflicts is in charge of family members, associations of victims and NGOs. In other words, the missing person in Central America still has no place in the Archive –in the sense of the law of what is possible to say given by Michel Foucault. How to represent this gap around which present and past, absence and presence converge? Whereas the literature of the Southern Cone provided several answers to this question, Central American production is still scarcely doing so. We deal here to analyse some novels and artistic works of the region that place the missing person at the centre of the plot, giving him a discursive place that he still lacks at the official level. In this way, we highlight the different strategies that make the disappeared visible as a way to fight against institutionalized forgetfulness.

Online transportation responds to people's needs in relation to public transport. Online transportation, which in this context is Grab and Go-Jek, is an alternative that is favored by many people, especially in the Cirebon area. This study aims to measure the level of service satisfaction received and future customer expectations of online transportation services. For our purpose, we use Fuzzy Service Quality method which is used to determine the variable customer needs that are not met by calculating the GAP between the services provided and the expectations of the customer as the Voice of Customer, where the data collection technique is carried out by distributing questionnaires. The results are Reliability rank 2 with a value of 0.100, Responsiveness rank 4 with a value of 0.86, Assurance rank 3 with a value of 0.090, Empathy rank 5 with a value of 0.040, Tangibles rank 1 with a value of 0.139. Based on these results, we suggest that an empathy-related policy-making concerning professionalism should not become an obstacle.

The legal order has constituted itself as a system of legal standards, which makes us infer that these standards are not singly arranged, but relating to each other, forging a systemprovided with the attributesof unity, coherenceand completeness. The term completeness, according to BOBBIO, "is understood as the quality of the legal order that has a rule for each case". On the other hand, the lack of a rule is traditionally called gap, a problem that, according to the current Law of Introduction to the Norms of Brazilian Law (Lei de IntroduçãoàsNormas do DireitoBrasileiro -LINDB), has to be solved through one of the supplementary mechanisms: analogy, customand the general principles of Law.

Heterostructures with lattice mismatched and compositionally different layers are widely used in modern electronic and optoelectronic device engineering. Generally such structures are manufactured by the methods of metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy, metal-organic chemical vapor deposition and molecular-beam epitaxy. However, the methods of deposition from a liquid phase are the most inexpensive and simple yet. Thus obtaining the above mentioned heterostructures from a liquid phase is still promising. In this work we demonstrated the possibility of using the method of scanning liquid phase epitaxy to grow continuous heteroepitaxial layers over the substrate surface highly mismatched by lattice constant and having different crystal-chemical properties. By controlling basic parameters of the method we created the conditions close to the solution-melt saturation limit. In other words, we created the conditions of ultra-fast solution-melt cooling and, respectively, high growth rate. We obtained the heterostructures of Ge layers grown on GaP substrates where the lattice mismatch made 3.7%. Gallium was used as the solvent for Germanium. The heterostructure was grown by the method of scanning liquid phase epitaxy in the conditions of ultra-fast initial cooling of the solution-melt. Overcooling at the crystallization front was controlled by an extra heater of the substrate back side. The growing time was 1 and 20 seconds for the two test samples. The layers thickness was determined by the spherical slice technique to be 1.2 and 1.5 μm for these two growing time values, accordingly. We showed that it was possible to obtain more perfect Ge layers on GaP substrate by lowering the growth rate in the final growth stage. This method can be used to grow heterostructures used in creating such modern electronic and optoelectronic devices as structures based on A3B5 compounds and their solid solutions, which cannot be obtained by other classical methods of liquid phase epitaxy due to significant differences in lattice constants and / or crystal-chemical properties.

The quality of outpatient services can be measured by the SERVQUAL model that considers five dimensions: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. This study aimed to look at the effect of service quality on outpatient satisfaction at the Poasia community health center's pharmacy. The subjects in this study were 33 outpatients. The analysis technique used is gap analysis to compare patients' expectations and reality, normality test data based on questionnaire patient satisfaction tested for validation. This study's results indicate the average value of the gap in the Poasia community health center's pharmacy, amounting to -0.44. From the value of the gap, the lowest gap value in the pharmacy center of Poasia is the place of service and the provision of inadequate drug information of -0.88. Based on the paired t-test where a significant value >0.05, Ho is rejected, and Ha accepted, which means a significant difference between the quality of service and patients' satisfaction in the Pharmacy of Puskesmas Poasia Kendari City. This study concludes that there is a significant gap between expectations and reality at the Poasia community health center's pharmacy.

When making welded joints, it is not always possible to press tightly elements to be joined before surfacing the weld. In normative documents on welded joints, the allowable gap between the elements to be connected can reach 3 mm when welding with a covered electrode and 2 mm when welding in shielded gases. At the same time the presence of a gap is not taken into account in the standards for calculation of welded joints. Experimental studies have been carried out to determine effect of the gap on the bearing capacity of the weld. Specimens have been made with welded joints of two types: for work in shear and pull-out. For the purpose of comparison, half of the specimens have been made without gaps, and the other half with gaps between the elements to be joined. The specimens have been made at the Minsk plant of technological metal structures, and their tests have been carried out in a research laboratory of the Belarusian National Technical University. Based on the results of the experiments, it has been concluded that the gaps between the elements to be joined significantly reduce the bearing capacity of the welded joints. In addition, inspection of fracture surfaces have shown that, in the presence of a gap, the cut surfaces of the weld pass along the fusion boundary of the base and deposited metals. It has been experimenttally established that the existing gap leads to a slight increase in the penetration depth. However, the latter factor does not compensate for the decrease in the bearing capacity of the welded joint due to the presence of a gap between the elements to be joined.

Thermal damage is one of the major disasters in deep mining, which seriously affects the psychological and physical health of miners. Large-scale mechanical cooling energy consumption is high and the investment is large. The cooling suit is an effective individual protective device applied in high temperature workplace. It is not widely used because of the problems of poor thermal protection time and poor thermal comfort. In this paper, a phase change cold storage material (PCCSM) filled cooling suit is designed. Numerical simulation method was used to study the thermal protection and wet diffusion characteristics of five types of cooling suits with distribution gaps of 2 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm and 10 mm respectively in PCCSM package. Heat and moisture transmission were comprehensively analyzed. Through comprehensive analysis of heat transfer and moisture transfer, it is concluded that the 4 mm gap is the optimal distribution gap of PCCSM package, which can take into account the thermal protection of protective clothing and have a good effect on the moisture transfer.

O estudo investigou o estágio obrigatório do Bacharelado em Engenharia de Produção da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. A lei do estágio descreve os participantes: estagiário, empresa e Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES). Realizou-se uma investigação da relação entre os participantes e a dualidade teoria-prática. O trabalho destaca que os envolvidos devem ter uma relação próxima, visto que um distanciamento entre eles é prejudicial para todos. Assim, um projeto de estágio, juntamente com a aproximação IES-Aluno-Empresa, com o aluno focalizado, é fundamental.

Abstract Introduction Polyethylene (PE) spinout is a known but uncommon complication when using a mobile-bearing (MB) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) design. Sacrificing the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is within the manufacturer’s recommendations for the Attune® Cruciate-Retaining Rotating-Platform (CR RP) knee design. Aim To discuss the potential aetiology and prevention of spinout in the Attune® CR RP knee. Methods We used a retrospective radiological review from two centres reporting a higher rate of spinout in the Attune® CR RP knee using a cruciate-sacrificing and measured-resection technique when compared to a gap-balancing technique. Three hundred and thirty-two patients were evaluated over a 3-year period. Results There were 8 out of 279 (2.86%) cases of spinout in our first cohort of patients using a measured-resection technique. There were 0 out of 53 cases of spinout in our second cohort of patients where a gap-balancing technique was used. One spinout was reduced closed, the other seven were initially revised to a thicker RP insert of the same design. Of these seven, three underwent a further revision TKA and one patient required a knee fusion/arthrodesis. Conclusions This study reports a higher incidence of PE spinout in the Attune® CR RP TKA when a measured-resection technique in combination with PCL resection is performed. We recommend a gap-balancing technique with conservative soft-tissue release if the surgeon is planning to sacrifice the PCL in the Attune® CR RP.

The effect of ultrasonic (US) treatment on electroluminescence of initial and irradiated with 2-MeV electrons (Φ = 8.24∙1014 e/cm2) GaAs-GaP LEDs grown on solid solution base was studied. It was found that luminescence intensity of samples previously loaded with US increased during long-term storage (t = 15 h). Passing the current through the diode generates the relaxation process of radiation brightness falling followed by the growth when ultrasound is switched on. The results of calculation of the dislocation density responsible for electroluminescence quenching within the region of electroluminescence degradation are adduced. It was found the ultrasound effect on diodes irradiated with high-energy electrons.

The present study was conducted with the aim of clarifying the existing and desirable situation of similar functions of institutional research in Babol Noshirvani University of Technology. The Survey population consisted of 70 experts of Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, 60 of whom were selected by stratified random sampling.The instrument used in this study was the standard questionnaire for the evaluation of institutional research functions that contained 37 pairs of corresponding questions, which were designed based on the five-point Likert scale. To analyze the data using Wilcoxon's tests, Spearman correlation using SPSS21 software was used. The findings showed that there is a gap in all aspects of institutional research.In the dimensions, from the highest to the lowest gap in this analysis are for policies, information authority, accountability, evaluation, research and decision making, communication and intermediate, the greatest gap is related to the assessment of the degree and success rate of graduates in engagement and entrepreneurship. From the evaluation point and the lowest gap is related to the relationship between universities and international institutions from communication point. There is a positive correlation between the between all of gaps. The status quo for institutional research is not meeting expectations from experts in Babol Noushirvani University of Technology. Given the effects and interactions of the gaps on each other, the adoption of a multifaceted decision-making approach to manage and reduce existing distances is inevitable.In this regard, the establishment of an institutional research office can be a good way to this achieve goals.

Purpose. This study aims to determine the geometric parameters of the brake pads of freight cars under hazardous wear. Methodology. A set of operational and theoretical studies concerning the occurrence of hazardous wear, which changes the geometric parameters of the useful contact area of the brake pads of freight cars at different established gaps between the pad and the wheel, which significantly impairs the effectiveness of train braking. Using the collected statistical material, computer mathematical modeling of the upper hazardous wear at different gaps was performed and the negative factors affecting the brake system were identified. MathCAD and AutoCAD software was used. Findings. As a result of inspections of the mechanical part of the brakes, attention was paid to the abnormal wear of the brake pads of the freight cars, which is formed by the fact that the common gravity center of the pad and the shoe, placed on the pendular suspension, do not coincide with the center of the hole in brake beam king post with any pads. In order to investigate possible causes of abnormal wear of the brake pads, their real images and theoretical schemes are given, which allow to establish the causes of the formation of abnormal wear of the pads at different gaps between the pad and the wheel and to determine their change of geometrical parameters that affect the useful contact area. When comparing the results of calculations according to the coordinate method performed in the MathCAD software environment and the graphic method (in AutoCAD), for determining the geometric parameters of the formation of the upper hazardous pad wear, depending on the regulatory pad wear between the wheel and the brake pad, it is theoretically proved that the error between them does not exceed 5–7%. Originality. For the first time, the principles of the methodology for determining the geometric parameters of the useful contact area of the pads with the formation of upper hazardous wear, depending on the gap between the wheel and the brake shoe, were formulated using coordinate and graphical methods. Practical value. It is advisable to apply the results of the research obtained in the work in the design and technological departments and bureaus when designing both mechanical brake systems for the undercarriage of innovative cars and for improvement of the cars currently operated at the railways.