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Quick and qualitative services are not new issues anymore in Logistics but those are still important problems along with cost-cutting. Related to the issues, though advanced information technologies are introduced unceasingly from laboratories, yet there is long way to go for smooth and seamless information flows on physical distribution processes in the industrial field. For the reason, the study aims to seek an advanced information delivery and management strategy through an in-depth case study of a Korea intermodal transportation company. It provides an industrial reference and a way to improve the endemic problems of logistics information systems., {"references":["","D. Lowe, Intermodal Freight Transport. Burlington, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2008.","Haydee S. Sheombar, \"EDI-induced Redesign of Co-ordination in Logistics,\" International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Vol.22, No.8, pp.4- 14, 1992.","Hyung Jun Ahn, Paul Childerhouse, Gottfried Vossen and Habin Lee, Rethinking \"XML-enabled agile supply chains,\" International of Information Management, Vol.32, No.1, pp.17-23, 2012.","John A. C. Bingham, \"Multicarrier Modulation for Data Transmission: An Idea Whose Time Has Come,\" IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol.28, pp.5-14, 1990.","Jongwoo Sung, Tomas Sanchez Lopez, Daeyoung Kim, \"The EPC Sensor Network for RFID and WSN Integration Infrastructure,\" Proceedings of the Fifth Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops, White Plains, New York, USA, 2007, pp.618-621.","Kwang-Hee Kim, \"A Study on the Economical Feasibility Analysis for Development of Dual Mode,\" Journal of Navigation and Port Research International Edition, Vol.134, No.2, pp. 137-144, 2010.","Maurizio Lenzerini, \"Data integration: a theoretical perspective,\" Proceedings of the twenty-first ACM SIGMOD-SIGACT-SIGART symposium on Principles of database systems, Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 2002, pp.233-246.","Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs, The 1st Master Plan of Korea National Sustainable Traffic and Logistics Development (2011~2020), 2010.","Rob Konings, Hugo Priemus and Peter Nikamp, The Future of Intermodal Freight Transport, Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 2008.\n[10] Yanbo Wu, \"Modeling Object Flows from Distributed and Federated RFID Data Streams for Efficient Tracking and Tracing,\" IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol.24, No.10, pp.2036-2045, 2013.\n[11] e-Truck Bank(www.etruckbank.co.kr).\n[12] KL-Net (www.klnet.co.kr).\n[13] KTNET(www.ktnet.co.kr).\n[14] Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (http://www.molit.go.kr/network/main.jsp).\n[15] National Logistics Information Center (www.nlic.go.kr)."]}

The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the effects of adenovirus and influenza virus infections on obesity in various experimental models. We reviewed studies that were conducted within the past 10 years and were related to virus infection and obesity prevalence. Here, we discuss a different causal relationship between adenovirus and influenza infections with obesity. Adenovirus infection can cause obesity, whereas obesity can be a risk factor for increasing influenza virus infection and increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of obesity due to adenovirus infections may be due to an increase in glucose uptake and reduction in lipolysis caused by an increase in corticosterone secretion. Adenovirus infections may lead to increases in appetite by decreasing norepinephrine and leptin levels and also cause immune dysfunction. The relationship between obesity and influenza virus infection could be summarized by the following features: decreases in memory T-cell functionality and interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ mRNA expression, increases in viral titer and infiltration, and impaired dendritic cell function in obese individuals. Moreover, leptin resistance may play an important role in increasing influenza virus infections in obese individuals. In conclusion, prevention of adenovirus infections could be a good approach for reducing obesity prevalence, and prevention of obesity could reduce influenza virus infections from the point of view of viral infections and obesity.

The objective of this study was to explore work-related risk factors of acute occupational pesticide poisoning among male farmers according to the severity of the poisoning. A nationwide sampling survey of male farmers was conducted in South Korea in 2011. A total of 1,958 male farmers were interviewed. Severity of occupational pesticide poisoning in 2010 was evaluated according to symptoms, types of treatment, and number of pesticide poisoning incidents per individual. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals for risk factors of acute occupational pesticide poisoning. We found that the risk of acute occupational pesticide poisoning increased with lifetime days of pesticide application (OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.32–2.29), working a farm of three or more acres in size (OR = 1.49), not wearing personal protective equipment such as gloves (OR = 1.29) or masks (OR = 1.39). Those who engaged in inappropriate work behaviors such as not following pesticide label instructions (OR = 1.61), applying the pesticide in full sun (OR = 1.48), and applying the pesticide upwind (OR = 1.54) had a significantly increased risk of pesticide poisoning. There was no significant risk difference by type of farming. In addition, the magnitude of these risk factors did not differ significantly by severity of acute pesticide poisoning. In fact, our findings suggest that work-related risk factors contributed to the development of acute occupational pesticide poisoning without relation to its severity. Therefore, prevention strategies for reducing occupational pesticide poisoning, regardless of severity, should be recommended to all types of farming and the level of poisoning severity.

There is no study of optimal volume of contrast medium to use in cervical interlaminar epidural injections (CIEIs) for appropriate spread to target lesions. To determine optimal volume of contrast medium to use in CIEIs. We analyzed the records of 80 patients who had undergone CIEIs. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the amount of contrast: 3, 4.5, and 6 mL. The spread of medium to the target level was analyzed. Numerical rating scale data were also analyzed. The dye had spread to a point above the target level in 15 (78.9%), 22 (84.6%), and 32 (91.4%) patients in groups 1 to 3, respectively. The dye reached both sides in 14 (73.7%), 18 (69.2%), and 23 (65.7%) patients, and reached the ventral epidural space in 15 (78.9%), 22 (84.6%), and 30 (85.7%) patients, respectively. There were no significant differences of contrast spread among the groups. There were no significant differences in the numerical rating scale scores among the groups during the 3 months. When performing CIEIs, 3 mL medication is sufficient volume for the treatment of neck and upper-extremity pain induced by lower cervical degenerative disease.

Changes in meat quality traits are strongly associated with alterations in postmortem metabolism which depend on genetic variations, especially nonsynonymous single nucleotide variations (nsSNVs) having critical effects on protein structure and function. To selectively identify metabolism-related nsSNVs, next-generation transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) was carried out using RNAs from porcine liver, which contains a diverse range of metabolic enzymes. The multiplex SNV genotyping analysis showed that various metabolism-related genes had different nsSNV alleles. Moreover, many nsSNVs were significantly associated with multiple meat quality traits. Particularly, ch7:g.22112616A>G SNV was identified to create a single amino acid change (Thr/Ala) at the 145th residue of H1.3-like protein, very close to the putative 147th threonine phosphorylation site, suggesting that the nsSNV may affect multiple meat quality traits by affecting the epigenetic regulation of postmortem metabolism-related gene expression. Besides, one nonsynonymous variation, probably generated by gene duplication, led to a stop signal in porcine testicular carbonyl reductase (PTCR), resulting in a C-terminal (E281-A288) deletion. Molecular docking and energy minimization calculations indicated that the binding affinity of wild-type PTCR to 5α-DHT, a C(21)-steroid, was superior to that of C-terminal-deleted PTCR or human carbonyl reductase, which was very consistent with experimental data, reported previously. Furthermore, P284 was identified as an important residue mediating the specific interaction between PTCR and 5α-DHT, and phylogenetic analysis showed that P284 is an evolutionarily conserved residue among animal carbonyl reductases, which suggests that the C-terminal tails of these reductases may have evolved under evolutionary pressure to increase the substrate specificity for C(21)-steroids and facilitate metabolic adaptation. Altogether, our RNA-Seq revealed that selective nsSNVs were associated with meat quality traits that could be useful for successful marker-assisted selection in pigs and also represents a useful resource to enhance understanding of protein folding, substrate specificity, and the evolution of enzymes such as carbonyl reductase.

This paper presents a D-PHY chip design for MIPI (Mobile Industry Processor Interface) standard. The MIPI is a flexible, source-synchronous serial interface standard connecting a host processor to a display and camera modules as used in mobile devices. The D-PHY consists of LP (low-power) mode block, HS (high-speed) mode block and control blocks. We implemented D-PHY chip using 0.13-um CMOS process under 1.2V supply. As a result, HS mode shows 1Gbps with jitter 5% and 0.74mW power consumption.

Objectives. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the combined balloon decompression with a balloon-inflatable catheter (ZiNeu) in addition to conventional epidural adhesiolysis, and to identify factors that predict patient responses. Study Design. An institutional single-armed prospective observational study. Subjects. Chronic refractory lumbar spinal stenosis. Methods. This study was performed in 61 patients with spinal stenosis who suffered from chronic (at least 3 months) lumbar radicular pain with or without lower back pain. Patients had failed to maintain improvement for more than 1 month with conventional epidural injection. The numeric rating scale (NRS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were each measured at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after percutaneous epidural adhesiolysis and balloon decompression with a ZiNeu catheter. Results. The percentage of successful responders was 72.1%, 60.7%, 57.4%, and 36.1% of patients at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. A single combined treatment of percutaneous epidural adhesiolysis and balloon decompression with a ZiNeu catheter provided sufficient pain relief and functional improvement in patients with chronic refractory lumbar spinal stenosis, and the improvement was maintained for 12 months ( P

This paper provides an overview of existing interface technologies and current technical trends for mobile applications. In recent times the display signal interface techniques have rapidly improved providing the desired high-resolution and large-size characteristics. Some of design methodologies for enhancement include working with the signal swing of a display interface whereby as it is decreased the data rate is increased accordingly. For flat panel display (FPD) three interface schemes namely, intermodule interface, intra-panel interface and mobile interface have been important as part of the design space and existed according to the physical location of interface system.

Although the power consumption of embedded system depends on the operation of hardware devices, software behaviors give great effect to the power consumption because of its functionality and complexity growth. This paper proposes a power consumption estimation technique using design models of software to support energy-efficient embedded software development. Even though code-based power analysis techniques have been proposed, these techniques have demerits that the analysis time is long and feedback is not easy. Our proposed technique makes use of UML behavior models for the power consumption analysis in order to overcome the demerits of code-based analysis. When comparing with the existing code-based analysis, our technique can provide the power analysis result at earlier phase than implementation. Therefore, software engineer can apply our technique to select energy-efficient design decisions in embedded software development process.

The palladium-catalysed cross-coupling of diaryl- and divinyl-tellurium dichlorides with organoboronic acids has been accomplished in the presence of PdCl2(PPh3)2 and NaOMe (2 equiv) in DME/H2O (4: 1) at 50 °C in moderate yields.

The regio- and stereoselective toluene-p-sulfonyl-mediated radical cyclization of bis(allenes) with p-TsBr and p-TsSePh was carried out in the presence of a catalytic amount of AIBN to afford the trans-fused five-membered ring containing vinyl sulfones and bromide or selenide functionalities.

The copper-catalyzed N-arylation of benzamides or nitrogen heterocycles was carried out with catalytic CuI (10 mol%) in the presence of ethylenediamine (10 mol%) as a ligand and K 3 PO 4 or Cs 2 CO 3 as a base under mild conditions.

The implantation of spinal cord stimulators (SCSs) to treat chronic intractable pain is steadily increasing. And there is an increased likelihood of instances where other therapies or procedures are found to interfere with SCS function, which in turn may result in pain. Since SCS utilize electric impulses as well as magnets, special considerations need for patients with a SCS in situ who require these procedures. The present report describes a case where radiofrequency (RF) ablation of the third occipital nerve resulted in spontaneous activation of a cervical SCS device.

The importance of software that consumes low power in embedded application is revealed again. The existing researches to analyze power consumption of embedded software have been focused on instructions or source-codes level. However, these approaches have shortcomings that the analysis time is long and the power reduction effect is not great. This paper proposes a power consumption analysis technique in more abstract model level than source-code. When our proposed technique compared with the existing source-code analysis, the estimating result of power consumption shows the deviation within average 10% and the analysis time is reduced more than 80%. Our proposed technique can be also applied very usefully to select design decisions that consume low power in the software design phase.

L-ascorbic acid (Vitamin C, AsA) is an important component of human nutrition. Plants and several animals can synthesize their own ascorbic acid, whereas humans lack the gene essential for ascorbic acid biosynthesis and must acquire from their diet. In the present study, we developed transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Taedong Valley) over-expressing L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase (GLOase gene; NCBI Acc. No. NM022220), isolated from rat cells driven by CaMV35S constitutive promoter that showed enhanced AsA accumulation. Molecular analyses of four independent transgenic lines performed by PCR, Southern and RT-PCR revealed the stable integration of the transgene in the progeny. The transformation frequency was ca. 7.5% and the time required for the generation of transgenic plants was 6-7 weeks. Transgenic tubers showed significantly enhanced AsA content (141%) and GLOase activity as compared to untransformed tubers. These transgenics were also found to withstand various abiotic stresses caused by Methyl Viologen (MV), NaCl or mannitol, respectively. The T(1) transgenic plants exposed to salt stress (100 mM NaCl) survived better with increased shoot and root length when compared to untransformed plants. The elevated level of AsA accumulation in transgenics was directly correlated with their ability to withstand abiotic stresses. These results further demonstrated that the overexpression of GLOase gene enhanced basal levels of AsA in potato tubers and also the transgenics showed better survival under various abiotic stresses.

Urban renewal consists of various sub projects and thus it inherits the characteristics of mega projects. For this reason, this kind of project requires integrated management of sub construction projects. However, conventional project management system has limits to this end. In order to overcome those, various approaches and methods have been studied. A trend is to introduce IT technologies such as GIS, 3D/4D and Building Information Modeling (BIM) toward better performance by implementing IT-based collaboration. This research aims to analyze iPMIS development strategy in which efficiency of introduced IT can be validated using Strengths, Weakness, Opportunity and Threats (SWOT) analysis.

This paper describes a modified linear operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). We employ the PMOS input stage and PMOS mobility compensation circuit that combines the transistor paths operating at the triode region and subthreshold region that it extends input range to 50% of supply voltage. The circuit enhances linearity of the transconductance (Gm) under the wide input voltage range. The OTA is implemented using a 0.18-mum n-well 1P5M CMOS process under 1.8-V supply. The proposed OTA shows 1% Gm variation and the total harmonic distortion (THD) of below -43-dB under the input range of plusmn0.9-V.

Three Arabidopsis cDNAs, MAM1, CYP79F1, and CYP83A1, required for aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis were introduced into Chinese cabbage by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The transgenic lines overexpressing MAM1 or CYP83A1 showed wild-type phenotypes. However, all the lines overexpressing CYP79F1 displayed phenotypes different from wild type with respect to the stem thickness as well as leaf width and shape. Glucosinolate contents of the transgenic plants were compared with those of wild type. In the MAM1 line M1-1, accumulation of aliphatic glucosinolates gluconapin and glucobrassicanapin significantly increased. In the CYP83A1 line A1-1, all the aliphatic glucosinolate levels were increased, and the levels of gluconapin and glucobrassicanapin were elevated by 4.5 and 2 fold, respectively. The three CYP79F1 transgenic lines exhibited dissimilar glucosinolate profiles. The F1-1 line accumulated higher levels of gluconapoleiferin, glucobrassicin, and 4-methoxy glucobrassicin. However, F1-2 and F1-3 lines demonstrated a decrease in the levels of gluconapin and glucobrassicanapin and an increased level of 4-hydroxy glucobrassicin.

We present a new expression for the energy of the lowest collective states in even-even nuclei throughout the entire periodic table. Our empirical formula is extremely valid and holds universally for all of the natural parity even multipole states. This formula depends only on the mass number and the valence nucleon numbers with six parameters. These parameters are determined easily and unambiguously from the data for each multipole state. We discuss the validity of our empirical formula by comparing our results with those of other studies and also by estimating the average and the dispersion of the logarithmic errors of the calculated excitation energies with respect to the measured ones., 10 pages, 5 figures

This paper describes a new linear operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) operating under wide input voltage range. To improve the linearity of the OTA, we employ a mobility compensation circuit that combines the transistor paths operating at the triode and subthreshold regions. The common-mode control circuit consists of a common-mode feedback and common-mode feedforward. The circuit enhances linearity of the transconductance (Gm) under the wide input voltage range. The proposed OTA shows plusmn1% Gm variation and the total harmonic distortion (THD) of below -73-dB under the input range of plusmn1.1-V. The OTA is implemented using a 0.35-mum n-well CMOS process under 3.3-V supply

A dual low-voltage differential signalling (DLVDS) circuit has been proposed, aimed at reducing the number of transmission lines for an LCD driver IC. In the proposed circuit, we apply a pair of primitive data to the DLVDS circuit as inputs. The inputs act as complementary signals. Then, a transmitter converts the two inputs to two kinds of fully differential level signals. Thus, only two transmission lines are required to transfer two primitive inputs while keeping the LVDS feature. The receiver recovers the original input data through a level decoding circuit. We designed the proposed circuit using 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. As a result, the circuit shows 1-Gbps/2-line data rate and 35 mW power consumption at 2.5 V supply voltage.

Embryogenic calli were induced from the seeds of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) cv. Regent and colonial bentgrass (Agrostis Tenuis Sibth. Fl. Oxen.) cv. Tiger. The embryogenic calli were precultured on fresh medium for 4-7 days and then co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens, LBA4404, which contains plasmid vector-pSBGM harboring bar coding region, synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP) coding region and matrix attachment region (MAR). After 3 days of co-cultivation, the calli were washed thoroughly and transferred to MS medium containing 2 mg/L of 2, 4-D, 12-15 mg/L phosphinothricin (PPT) and 250 mg/L of cefotaxime. After 2-3 months of selection, the actively growing calli of 'Regent' and 'Tiger' were transferred to MS medium with 12-15 mg/L PPT and 250 mg/L cefotaxime for regeneration. The putative transformants were maintained on MS medium with 3 mg/L PPT for long period but control died within 1 month. After establishing in greenhouse, the transformants also showed strong resistance to 0.4% of herbicide Basta but control plants died within 2 weeks. Under confocal microscope, both young leaves and roots showed significant GFP expression. PCR analysis revealed the presence of a DNA fragment of GFP gene at the expected size (380 bp) in the transformants and its absence in a randomly selected control plant.

A parallel discrete-event simulation (DEVS) formalism which exploits the parallelism of transition collisions in the simulation of DEVS models is considered. We present a design for the abstract simulator needed to prove the formalism's soundness and to serve as a reference for implementation. The abstract simulator is composed of cooperating simulation engines, (simulators and coordinators) that use bag-like messages to synchronize the parallel activities that are distributed across autonomous asynchronous processors. The approach suggests engines that are efficient in both sequential and distributed/parallel environments. After describing the abstract simulator we briefly discuss a prototype implementation that affords a high degree of flexibility by mechanizing the "closure under coupling" property of the parallel DEVS formalism and the characteristics of object-oriented systems. >

We consider the one minute time series of the Korean stock market index (KOSPI). We defined the persisting time as the time interval when the index remains above (or below) an initial index. We observed that the average persistence probability P ( t ) followed a power-law behavior like P ( t ) ∼ t − θ with the persistence exponent θ = 0.477 ( 2 ) . The persistence exponent in the Korean stock market deviates slightly from a random process. The Korean stock market has shown a weak anti-persistence. We measured the persistence properties of the stock market by the generalized price–price correlation function F q ( t ) . The price–price correlation function followed a power law, F q ( t ) ∼ t h q , where h q is called the generalized Hurst exponent. The generalized Hurst exponent depends on the order q which means that there are multiscaling properties in the time series of the stock index. We observed the relationship θ + h 2 = 1 between the error bars where h 2 is the fractal dimension of the time series.

New strategies to determine the location of the measurement points for form evaluation of free-form surfaces by using Coordinate Measuring Machines are investigated. The newly developed corrected length method locates the measurement points on constant curvature contour lines. The length and the rank of each contour line are used as parameters to control the distribution of the measurement points. The experimental results have shown that the proposed method is more robust than the known methods currently being used for form evaluation of free-form surfaces. The method also offers opportunities for developing more efficient probe-path generation strategies, since the measurement points are located on continuous paths formed by constant curvature contour lines.

Gluconasturtiin is a glucosinolate (GS) present in Chinese cabbage and its breakdown product, phenelethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), inhibits phase I enzyme activation of endogenous carcinogenic compounds and enhances phase II enzyme detoxication, reducing cancer risk and promoting health in humans. This study was conducted to evaluate the interaction between the genotype and the environment to influence GSs in Chinese cabbage. Twenty-five accessions were grown in three environments and tissue quantified for GS levels by HPLC. While gluconasturtiin was observed to be the most abundant GS form, 3-indolylmethyl GS (glucobrassicin) and 1-methoxy-3-indolylmethyl-GS (neoglucobrassicin) were also found. Significant differences were observed among tissues, genotypes and environments in GS concentration and composition. Gluconasturtiin ranged from 0.56 μmol·g-1 DW in leaf tissue of Hau No. 2 to 11.89 μmol·g-1 DW in Chilsung. There were dramatic differences among different tissues of the same genotype with young leaf and root tissues having significantly higher concentrations of gluconasturtiin than other tissues. Gluconasturtiin in Sandong No. 5 ranged from 1.69 μmol·g-1 DW in mature leaves to 18.69 μmol·g-1 DW in root tissue. GS content of the same genotypes in three different environments indicated that plants grown in the greenhouse had higher GS content compared to field grown plants. Results of this study indicate that genotypic variation and the growing environment have substantial effects on GS content in Chinese cabbage. This investigation provides important information for future genetic and molecular studies and has identified Chinese cabbage genotypes that offer superior health benefits to consumers.

The regio- and stereoselective toluene-p-sulfonyl-mediated radical cyclization of bis(allenes) with p-TsBr and p-TsSePh was carried out in the presence of a catalytic amount of AIBN to afford the trans-fused five-membered ring containing vinyl sulfones and bromide or selenide functionalities.

접수일:2008년 3월 5일, 승인일:2008년 6월 30일 책임저자:신진우, (138-736) 서울시 송파구 풍납2동 388-1 울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 마취통증의학과 Tel: 02-3010-3868, Fax: 02-470-1363 E-mail: jinwoos@amc.seoul.kr 석사학위 논문임. 2006 ASA 시카고 학회에서 발표되었음. Received March 5, 2008, Accepted June 30, 2008 Correspondence to: Jin Woo Shin Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, 388-1, Pungnap 2-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea Tel: +82-3010-3868, Fax: +82-470-1363 E-mail: jinwoos@amc.seoul.kr This article is a master's thesis. This article was presented at the meeting of American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA), 2006. 흉강절제술 후 통증모델에서 수술 전 늑간신경차단의 효과